【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法部分专题三重难点课时第3讲并列句和复合句

【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法部分专题三重难点课时第3讲并列句和复合句

第3讲　并列句和复合句 并列句和复合句也是历年高考的必考点和易失分点，考生应高度重视。造成失分的主要原因是不能区分并列句和复合句而误用连词，因此考生必须知晓并列句与定语从句、状语从句及名词性从句的用法区别。解答此类试题的关键在于要学会分析句子并理清逻辑关系。‎ 考点感悟 语法填空 短文改错 语法填空对并列句和复合句的考查是不给提示词的，主要考查应用哪个关连词。‎ 感1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.‎ 答案：who　分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。‎ ‎2.(2015·广东高考)One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.‎ 答案：when　此处为sb. be doing ... when ... 结构。‎ ‎3.(2018·江苏高考)Selfdriving is an area ________China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.‎ 答案：where　该句为定语从句，句中an area为先行词，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是中国和世界其他地区站在同一起跑线上的领域。‎ ‎4.(2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded to ________wins the first place in the bicycle race.‎ 答案：who/whoever　‎ ‎　短文改错对并列句和复合句的考查主要集中于连词的误用、缺失或多余。‎ 感1.(2019·安徽示范性高中皖北协作区高三联考)I got my meal. I thought the food would be dull, what wasn't the case at all.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：what→which　句意：我原以为饭菜会很乏味，但事实并非如此。在非限制性定语从句中，应该用which指代前文内容，并在从句中作主语，what可以引导宾语从句、表语从句等， 但不能引导定语从句，故将what改为which。‎ ‎2.(2019·四川遂宁市高三第三次诊断)The police doubted that what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→whether　‎ 介词to后是宾语从句。从句中动词wins前缺主语，此处表述： 获得第一名的人/任何获得第一名的人。故用who/whoever引导宾语从句。‎ ‎5.(2018·天津高考)________we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.‎ 答案：If　句意：如果我们不停止改变气候，世界上的很多动植物都将会灭绝。if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。‎ 句意：警方怀疑他所说的是否真实，决定进一步调查。doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中其后通常接whether或if引导的宾语从句，而在否定句或疑问句中通常接that从句。分析本句可知，本句是肯定式，因此后面的宾语从句要用whether，而不是that。故把that改为whether。‎ ‎3.(2019·四川攀枝花市高三统考)As visitors, we should do something to protect the park after it becomes a huge dustbin.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：after→before　句意：作为游客，我们应该做些事情来保护公园，以防它变成一个巨大的垃圾箱。before作连词，意为“在……以前；以防”，故把after改为before。‎ ‎4.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of out trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：but→and　根据语意可知，此处为并列递进关系，而非转折关系。‎ ‎5.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：during→when　从句必须由连词来引导，during为介词而非连词，又根据语意可知，此处应用when来引导时间状语从句。‎ 悟 无论并列句还是复合句，首先必须要分清句式结构并理清逻辑，了解各种句式基本用法及固定句式，注意各种句式的用法禁忌和易错点，这是破题的关键所在。‎ ‎考点素能 一 并列句 ‎1．并列连词及重点句式 ‎(1)并列连词的功能及常用的并列连词 并列连词既可以连接并列的单词或短语，也可以连接并列的分句。在语法填空无提示词的考查中，当两个或两个以上的单词、短语之间没有连词时，一般是填并列连词；当两个或两个以上的句子之间没有连词时，就需要根据逻辑关系来判定用并列连词还是从属关联词。‎ 常见的并列连词有：‎ ‎(2)并列句的重点句式 ‎●祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句。‎ ‎●sb. was doing sth. when .../sb. was about to do sth. when ... ‎ ‎2．并列句的易错点 ‎(1)并列句本身的易错点 并列句本身的易错点主要集中在三方面：一是逻辑关系不清，误用连词；二是连词的多余，如，although/though不能和but连用，because不能和so连用；三是连词的缺失，要牢记，两个谓语之间或两个分句之间应有一个连词。‎ ‎(2)并列句与定语从句的区别 并列句与定语从句的主要区别在于：并列句是由and, but等并列连词连接两个简单句，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。‎ ‎[典例1]　①They live in a small house, in front of ________ stands an orange tree.‎ ‎②They live in a small house, and in front of ________ stands an orange tree.‎ 解析　两句的区别是连词and，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词，表示物，故填which；句②and连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的small house，故填it。‎ ‎(3)并列句与状语从句的区别 并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。‎ ‎[典例2]　①________ money is necessary for a happy life, it can't buy happiness.‎ ‎②Money is necessary for a happy life, ________ it can't buy happiness.‎ 解析　两个题都应该填连词。句①空格所在句子是让步状语从句，故填从属连词Although/Though；句②空格前后是转折关系，是两个并列的简单句，故填并列连词but。‎ 二 定语从句 ‎1．定语从句的引导词和解题步骤 ‎●定语从句的引导词 ‎●定语从句的解题步骤 ‎[典例]　But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.‎ 解析　第一步：找出句子中的先行词，并将其还原代入从句中，使从句成为一个完整的句子“in the mid－1980s I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild”；‎ 第二步：确定被代入部分在从句中充当的成分。in the mid－1980s在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词；‎ 第三步：先行词in the mid－1980s指时间，故填when。‎ ‎2．定语从句的易错点 易错点1　what不能引导定语从句 ‎[典例]　(2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.‎ 解析　dishes后为定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，此处引导词在从句中作cooked的宾语。故what→that/which或去掉what。‎ 易错点2　that不能引导非限制性定语从句 ‎[典例]　(2014·北京高考)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, that my classmates recommended to me.‎ 解析　分析句子结构可知，先行词为the book，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，且关系词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，故that→which。‎ 易错点3　定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择 ‎[典例]　I simply cut the branch ________ the bird was sitting on.‎ 解析　定语从句的先行词为表示地点的branch，但定语从句缺少宾语，故填that/which。注意：此处不能用where。‎ 易错点4　逗号后面的引导词不一定用which ‎[典例]　(2019·六安模拟)To realize my dream, I must learn as much as I can to ‎ get into a good medical college, which I can make full preparations for the job of a doctor.‎ 解析　逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a good medical college，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故which→where或which前加in。‎ 易错点5　that与which的误用 下列情况只用that不用which ‎●当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时；‎ ‎●当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；‎ ‎●当先行词被the only, the very, the just, the same等修饰时；‎ ‎●当先行词既有人又有物时。‎ 易错点6　非限制性定语从句中as和which的误用 as和which均可用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，但as可位于句首，而which常位于句中；as常用于肯定句，而which可用于否定句；as常用于被动句，而which常用于主动句。此外，as译作“正如，正像”，而which译作“这，这一点”。‎ The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking, which didn't help.‎ 母亲竭力劝说儿子戒烟，但没有作用。‎ As the old saying goes, “You can't judge a book by its cover”．‎ 正如谚语所言“人不可貌相”。‎ 三 名词性从句 ‎ 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这四种从句。‎ ‎1．名词性从句的引导词 ‎2．名词性从句的易错点 易错点1　that与what的误用 ‎[典例1]　(2019·泉州模拟)That you have gained is the result of your hard work.‎ 解析　is前为主语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，意为“所……的东西”。故That→What。‎ ‎[典例2]　It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.‎ 解析　It为形式主语，cheerful后面的句子为主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义。故what→that。‎ 易错点2　that与if/whether的误用 ‎[典例1]　I'm glad to hear if you're coming to Sichuan in August.‎ 解析　hear后为宾语从句，句意表示“我听说你要来”，而非“我听说你是否要来”。故if→that或去掉if。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2019·济南模拟)There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and future life.‎ 解析　doubt后为同位语从句，此处是一个事实，而不是一个疑问。故whether→that。‎ 易错点3　which与that, what的误用 ‎[典例1]　(2019·太原模拟)His promise which he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out a lie.‎ 解析　在名词性从句中that为连接词，不作任何成分，而which为连接代词，需要作成分表示“哪一个”。本句中promise后为同位语从句，后面的引导词在从句中不作任何成分。故which→that。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2019·南昌模拟)All were happy with which they received.‎ 解析　在名词性从句中which和what都为连接代词，但which表示“哪一个”，而what表示“……的事情/东西”。故which→what。‎ 易错点4　if与whether的误用 ‎[典例]　(2019·运城模拟)Success partly depends on if you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.‎ 解析　if和whether都可引导名词性从句意为“是否”，但if受到很多限制，例如不能位于句首，介词后的宾语从句不能用if引导，不能跟or not连用等。故if→whether。‎ 易错点5　that, what与连接副词的误用 ‎[典例1]　(2019·湖北宜昌示范高中协作体联考)I usually swim in a swimming pool close to that I live.‎ 解析　to后为宾语从句，引导词在从句中需作地点状语，表示“靠近我居住的地方”。故that→where。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2019·庆阳模拟)I hope this town will not change; just keep where it is.‎ 解析　keep后为宾语从句，从句缺少表语，意为“……的样子”应该用连接代词引导。故where→what。‎ 四 状语从句 ‎1．状语从句的分类及常用连词 续表 ‎2．状语从句的易错点 易错点1　逻辑关系不清，导致连词误用 ‎[典例]　If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.‎ 解析　根据语意“尽管我在那件教室学习时还只是个小孩子，但我永远不会忘记那间教室。”可知，此处应为让步状语从句，故应将If改为Although/Though。‎ 易错点2　受到汉语干扰，导致连词重复 ‎[典例]　Every time when he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet him at the door.‎ 解析　汉语可以说“每次当……时候”，但英语中every time和when同为连词，不能同时引导时间状语从句，故去掉when。‎ 过关检测(限时：30分钟)‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ 答案：as ‎2．________ makes the school famous is ________ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.‎ 答案：What; that ‎3．Sorry to have kept you waiting so long, but it'll still be some time ________ Mr Smith is available.‎ 答案：before ‎4．One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.‎ 答案：when ‎5．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.‎ 答案：which ‎6．—We should help and learn from each other as a group.‎ ‎—I can't agree more. ________ you are strong, I am weak.‎ 答案：Where ‎7．There are as many as five student clubs in our school. You can join ________ interests you most.‎ 答案：whichever ‎8．Many young people, most of ________ were well－educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.‎ 答案：whom ‎9．________ we can have clean drinking water lies in ________ effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.‎ 答案：Whether; what ‎10．How can I help them to understand ________ they won't listen to me?‎ 答案：when Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．With many cities in China dreadfully blanketed by thick haze, the environmental problem is that Chinese people concern most nowadays.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→what ‎2．Running Man is such a funny reality show that has the gravity to pull you in front of your television.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→as ‎3．When you look at how great effects the climate has on our life, you will agree that it is the most serious problem.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：how→what ‎4．—What did you think of the trip to Beijing?‎ ‎—I had such a good time that I visited the Great Wall last month.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→when ‎5．My grandmother lived in a generation which women were looked down upon.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which→when ‎6．He didn't make that clear when and where the meeting would be held.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：that→it ‎7．I asked him what was the matter. He smiled and told us about the funny things what had happened in the cinema.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：第二个what→that/which ‎8．Although the sun was shining, but it wasn't very warm.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉but ‎9．The naughty boy hid himself behind the door, from which he could hear what we talked about clearly.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：which→where ‎10．He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was ‎ strong and powerful.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：第二个he前加and Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019·华中师大附中高三检测卷)In the summer of 2015, I was in Finland for an internship. Although I __1__ (read) that Finnish people are reserved and like to stay within their space, I had not expected it to be this：‎ At a bus stop: You are alone in the shade of __2__ stop and that is your space. No one will come __3__ (bother) you. Inside a bus: You enter a bus and see that all the window seats __4__ (occupy). The bus is “full”. You have to stand. Respect that space! This is rather a hard situation, and you really get anxious as to __5__ you should sit.‎ You are scared to shout to the driver to stop the bus: I was running __6__ all my strength to catch the bus and signaled the driver to stop. I entered the bus and all eyes were __7__ (seeming) on me. I had never felt so __8__ (guilt) at anything.‎ In most __9__ (case), when a Finn wants to leave his apartment but his neighbor is in the hallway, he'll just slip away, __10__ (pretend) not to see the neighbor.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在芬兰所受到的文化冲击。‎ ‎1．had read　考查动词的时态。尽管“我”(之前)读到过芬兰人很保守，他们喜欢待在自己的空间里，但“我”没想过会是这样。此处陈述的是发生在2015年夏天作者去芬兰之前的事，表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。‎ ‎2．the　考查冠词。此处特指前面提到的bus stop，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎3．to bother　考查非谓语动词。没有人会过来打扰你。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎4．are occupied　考查动词的时态和语态。所有靠窗座位都被占了。see后的that所引导的宾语从句中描述的是芬兰平时的情况，再结合前后句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；且seats与occupy “使用，占用”是被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎5．where　考查名词性从句的连接词。至于你应该坐在哪儿，你真的会感到焦虑的。分析句子结构可知，介词to后为宾语从句，设空处在此引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎6．with　考查介词。“我”用尽全身力气跑着赶公共汽车。with “使用”，with all one's strength “用尽全力”。‎ ‎7．seemingly　考查词性转换。“我”‎ 上了公共汽车，似乎所有的目光都在注视着“我”。空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词seemingly。‎ ‎8．guilty　考查词性转换。作者从来没有感到如此内疚过。feel是系动词，其后应接形容词作表语，故填guilty。‎ ‎9．cases　考查名词。case作“事例，实例”讲时是可数名词，空前有修饰词most，故用case的复数形式。‎ ‎10．pretending　考查非谓语动词。在大多数情况下，当一个芬兰人想离开他的公寓而他的邻居在走廊时，他就会溜走，假装没有看见邻居。主句有谓语动词，且空前无连词，故空处应用非谓语动词作状语，he与pretend之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019·江西重点中学联考)Last night I was at a coffee shop. There was a wonderfully music show. As I got up to get a cup of coffee and a cookie, I notice a middle－aged woman near me. Clearly, she had caught in a fire of some kind. His face was so badly burned that she looked very tight. I thought about how brave she was to come out but appeared in public. When I returned back to my seat, I turned towards the woman and said, “Isn't he a wonderful performers？” And I gave her the largest smile I was able to give. To my delighted, she looked right at me and gave me a huge smile for return. It was her smile which made her whole face light up last night. She was beautiful.‎ 答案：‎ Last night I was a coffee shop. There was a music show. As I got up to get a cup of coffee and a cookie, I a middle－aged woman near me. Clearly, she had caught in a fire of some kind. face was so badly burned that she looked very tight. I thought about how brave she was to come out appeared in public. When I returned to my seat, I turned towards the woman and said, “Isn't he a wonderful ？” And I gave her the largest smile I was able to give. To my ， she looked right at me and gave me a huge smile for return. It was her smile made her whole face light up last night. She was beautiful.‎