2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十五　科学与技术（A）

2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十五　科学与技术（A）

www.ks5u.com 话题十五　科学与技术(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　A ‎[2020·昆明市高三复习诊断] Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.‎ Rishi Rawat, who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that's important for making decisions.”‎ David Agus is another researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can't recognize by itself.”‎ Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Nowadays, researchers take a thin piece of tissue(组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.‎ The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.‎ The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.‎ ‎1．What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?‎ A．Recognize cancer patterns.‎ B．Treat liver cancer.‎ C．Collect useful information.‎ D．Store cancerous cells.‎ ‎2．What can we learn about AI?‎ A．It will be able to replace doctors.‎ B．Patients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.‎ C．It is making a difference in taking care of patients.‎ D．It can recognize cancer more accurately.‎ ‎3．What's the author's attitude towards the future of AI?‎ A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful.‎ C．Curious. D．Cold.‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．AI Is Used to Treat Cancers B．AI May Compete with Doctors C．AI May Make Doctors Better D．AI Is Better at Curing Cancers B ‎[2020·重庆第二次调研]As carmakers push ahead with selfdriving vehicles, an Austrian aerospace company and its Chinese partner showed off their pilotless “flying taxi” for the first time in Europe on Thursday.‎ The drone(无人驾驶飞机) hummed loudly as it rose above the ground at Vienna's Generali Arena, home to soccer club FK Austria Wien. The slim plane, which weighs 750 pounds, circled in the air briefly and came down within a few minutes.‎ The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers, has been tested comprehensively and is essentially ready for mass production, said Derrick Xiong, cofounder of Chinese drone maker EHang. The drone can fly at up to 150 km per hour for almost half an hour, FACC AG Chief Executive Officer Robert Machtlinger said. “It can travel between 50 and 70 kilometers depending on the load.” The passenger capsule is small, with leg room that taller passengers might find less than adequate, an Austrian photographer who took part in a demonstration(演示) flight told Reuters.‎ Joining the race for new autonomous aircraft services that do not require runways, EHang entered a strategic partnership last year with Austria's FACC AG, owned by Chinese aerospace group AVIC, aiming to offer shortdistance services for passengers, industrial equipment and urgent medical deliveries. FACC AG says it has already received several thousand orders for the $ 336,000 drone, with the highest demand in China. Competitors working toward offering autonomous flying cars early in the next decade range from aerospace company Airbus to Uber and AeroMobil.‎ ‎ “Technically... urban mobility, flying without a pilot, is possible. It's not a dream，” said Machtlinger. “What is stopping us from going into larger volumes(量) is regulation，” he added. “A future legal ‎ framework for autonomous flying vehicles should regulate communication with other planes and helicopters and provide traffic rules，” he said. Austria supports international efforts to quickly establish the necessary regulation, said transport minister Norbert Hofer. He hopes that Austria will be the place where thousands of these air taxis will be built and that very soon we will see a lot of these air taxis in the air.‎ ‎5．What stage of development is the EHang 216 at?‎ A．It's being tested comprehensively.‎ B．It's ready for mass production.‎ C．It's ready for demonstration flights.‎ D．It's being adapted to customer demands.‎ ‎6．What do we know about the EHang 216?‎ A．Its maximum load is 750 pounds.‎ B．It can carry two passengers.‎ C．It can fly for almost an hour.‎ D．It can travel over 70 kilometers.‎ ‎7．What is a big barrier to a wider use of flying taxis?‎ A．Technical problems.‎ B．Objection of the government.‎ C．Lack of related rules.‎ D．Competition between aerospace companies.‎ ‎8．How does the author introduce the EHang 216?‎ A．By comparing it with similar products.‎ B．By explaining how it works.‎ C．By providing specific data of it.‎ D．By demonstrating its multifunctions.‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future. In our __1__ we can see what has not yet happened. For example, while we are looking forward to __2__ a new place or country, we __3__ what it will be like. We predict the way people will eat, dress and act. Of course, we do not always predict things __4__. Things are often very different from the way we __5__ them to be.‎ One of the __6__ dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule, who had been __7__ to work out a very difficult problem in physics. He had __8__ and analyzed the problem from every angle for days, but there seemed to be no way of __9__ out the answer. Then one night he went to bed and dreamed. When he __10__ up, he realized that he knew the answer. He had solved the problem in his __11__.‎ It is said that in order to figure out the process, the hypnotist (催眠师)‎ ‎ sat in the chair opposite him and spoke __12__： “I want you to concentrate on my voice. And as you pay attention to my voice, your __13__ will get heavier. Soon you'll be asleep.‎ You will hear my voice and __14__ my words, but your body will be asleep, and when you wake up you will remember nothing. Now I am going to __15__ slowly from one to five. One, two, three, four, five...”‎ ‎1．A.brains B．senses C．minds D．sights ‎2．A.visiting B．seeking C．reaching D．discovering ‎3．A.imagine B．know C．feel D．guess ‎4．A.quickly B．simply C．correctly D．neatly ‎5．A.required B．wished C．left D．expected ‎6．A.funny B．dull C．famous D．silly ‎7．A.managing B．trying C．thinking D．hoping ‎8．A.studied B．learned C．discussed D．searched ‎9．A.bringing B．finding C．turning D．letting ‎10．A.gave B．sat C．woke D．got ‎11．A.dream B．lesson C．research D．exercise ‎12．A.softly B．loudly C．slowly D．firmly ‎13．A.eyes B．feet C．head D．body ‎14．A.believe B．repeat C．take D．understand ‎15．A.count B．say C．add D．speak 话题十五　科学与技术(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文　题材：科技　主题：人工智能与医疗 ‎ 【文章大意】　人工智能有望帮助医生诊断和治疗癌症。‎ ‎【熟词生义】　remove常用义：v. 移开；拿开 ‎ 例句：He removed his hand from her shoulder.他将手从她肩膀上拿开。‎ ‎ 本句义：v. 去除 ‎ 例句：She has had the tumour removed.她已经将肿瘤切除了。‎ ‎ 【难句分析】　Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.‎ ‎ 分析：这是一个主从复合句。the process...in the developing world为省略了that的宾语从句；that having a large amount of information...in medicine是与其并列的宾语从句；其中，having a large amount of information是动名词短语作主语。‎ ‎ 译文：Agus说，这一过程在发展中国家几乎不需要任何成本就可以完成，而且拥有大量与患者有关的信息对于一台机器有效地完成医学工作来说非常重要。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He says，‘You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns...making decisions.’”可知，人工智能可以根据对其输入的数据来学习该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据第四段最后一句“Through machine learning...are organized”可知，人工 智能可以识别一些复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：A　考查观点态度。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将很快能够快速识别癌症，并且将应用到各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：C　考查标题判断。根据对文章的整体理解可推知，人工智能作为一种工具可以帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。‎ B 体裁：说明文　题材：科技　主题：无人驾驶“飞行出租车”‎ ‎ 【文章大意】　本文主要介绍了奥地利航空公司和它的中国合作伙伴首次展示的无人驾驶“飞行出租车”的相关情况。‎ ‎【难句分析】　The passenger capsule is small, with leg room that taller passengers might find less than adequate, an Austrian photographer who took part in a demonstration(演示) flight told Reuters. (Para.3)‎ ‎ 分析：that引导定语从句，先行词是leg room；who引导定语从句，先行词是an Austrian photographer。‎ ‎ 译文：乘客舱非常小，个子高的乘客可能会发现上面带有的供腿脚活动的空间不太充足，一位参加了一次飞行演示的奥地利摄影师告诉路透社。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。本题问的是“EHang 216处于什么发展阶段？”。根据题干中的关键词the EHang 216定位到原文第三段第一句中的“The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers, has been tested comprehensively and is essentially ready for mass production”可知，正确答案为B。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。本题问的是“关于EHang 216我们知道什么？”。由此可定位到原文第三段第一句中的“The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers”可知，正确答案为B。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】 飞机本身重750磅，而不是飞机最大装载量是750磅，故A项错误；该飞机以每小时最多150千米的速度可以飞行大约半小时而非1个小时，故C项错误；该飞机根据装载量可以在50千米到70千米之间飞行，故D项错误。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。本题问的是“对于更广泛地使用飞行出租车的一个大的障碍是什么？”。根据题干中的关键词a big barrier定位到原文最后一段中的“What is stopping us from going into larger volumes(量) is regulation”可知，C项“Lack of related rules”的信息与此对应，由此可知正确答案为C。‎ ‎ 【技巧点拨】　间接类事实细节题考法 ‎ ‎ ‎ 该类试题的选项不出现原文的直接信息，而是借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行适当变换。如第7题，文章中指出“飞行出租车”的一个大障碍是规则，即缺乏相关的规定。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。本题问的是“作者是如何介绍EHang 216的？”。根据文中第三段的内容可知，作者是通过提供具体的载客量和飞行的具体距离和所需时长等数据来介绍EHang 216的，由此可知正确答案为C。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 体裁：夹叙夹议　题材：科学发现　主题：做梦解题 ‎【文章大意】　本文通过德国科学家Kekule做梦解题的故事，说明了人类思维的神奇能力。‎ ‎【核心词汇】　remarkable adj.不平常的，显著的，非凡的　predict vt.预言，预料，预测　analyze vt.分析 ‎1．答案与解析：C　根据前一句“One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future”可知，人类思维最显著的特点之一就是有想象未来的能力；据此可知，空处指“思维”，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“a new place or country”可推知，当我们期望去参观(visiting)某个新地方或新国家时，我们总是想象(imagine)那里会是什么样子。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：C　根据空后一句“Things are often very different from the way we __5__ them to be”可知，事物总是不同于我们预料(expected)的那样；据此可以判断，我们不是总能正确地(correctly)预测事物。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：D　参见上题解析。expect“预料，预期”。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule”及下文可知，该处陈述的是历史上著名的德国科学家Kekule的梦。C项意为“著名的”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“有趣的”；B项意为“无趣的”；D项意为“愚蠢的”。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“Kekule, who had been __7__ to work out a very difficult problem in physics”及下文可知，Kekule一直在努力解一道物理难题；try to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，符合语境，故B项正确。manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”，强调结果，与语境不符。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“He had __8__ and analyzed the problem from every angle for days”可知，他从多个角度研究(studied)和分析了这个难题。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：B　似乎没有办法弄清答案。find out“‎ 弄清，查明”；bring out“使表现出”；turn out“结果是，证明是”；let out“突然发出”。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：C　根据空前一句“Then one night he went to bed and dreamed”可知，空处所在句表示他醒来时意识到自己知道了答案。wake up为固定短语，意为“醒”，故C项正确。‎ ‎11．答案与解析：A　根据上文中的“he went to bed and dreamed. When he __10__ up, he realized that he knew the answer”可知，他在梦(dream)中解决了这个难题。‎ ‎12．答案与解析：A　根据语境并结合常识可知，此处是对Kekule进行催眠，故催眠师应是柔和地(softly)说着话。‎ ‎13．答案与解析：A　根据常识可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼皮会变得沉重。故选A项。‎ ‎14．答案与解析：D　根据该句中的“You will hear my voice and __14__ my words”可知，此处指听到声音并理解听到的话。understand“理解，明白”符合语境。‎ ‎15．答案与解析：A　根据文中的“Now I am going to __15__ slowly from one to five. One, two, three, four, five”可知，此处表示数数；A项意为“(按顺序)数数”，符合语境，故A项正确。‎