2020版高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空优练题（4）（含解析）

2020版高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空优练题（4）（含解析）

‎2019版高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空优练题（4）‎ 李仕才 Part A：完形填空 A One day in winter, a couple of good friends headed for a frozen lake nearby to skate on ice. The boys were between five and ten years old. When they were skating, one of the boys headed deeper into the lake, but __1__ he found himself skating on very __2__ ice. Before he could __3__ it, he had fallen through the ice into the icy water below. Having seen this, his friends __4__ towards him but could not get him out of the lake __5__ the ice layer had formed back and the boy was __6__ under the transparent layer. They could see him __7__ but could do nothing to help him. Then one of his friends __8__ to see a tree in the distance. He skated to it as fast as he could, __9__ a branch and then with all his __10__ he started digging into the ice. His work proved __11__ and he managed to make a hole __12__enough to pull his friend out.‎ By the time the ambulance arrived, a small crowd had gathered. They were all __13__ the rescuer for his __14__and calmness. However, they were all surprised as well, and __15__ how a young boy could break such a big branch. __16__， the branch was bigger and heavier than what a person of that age group could carry, drag it to the spot and __17__ it again and again to hammer a hole in the ice. It looked like a superhuman __18__. How? How did he manage to do it? It was impossible! During the __19__， an old man spoke up, “I know how he did it.” Everybody looked at him in __20__. The old man said, “He could do it because there was nobody around him who said he couldn't！”‎ ‎1. A. unfortunately　　　　　　 B. probably C. unfairly D. hardly ‎2. A. cold B. heavy C. light D. thin ‎3. A. stand B. realize C. clear D. protect ‎4. A. shouted B. laughed C. rushed D. waved ‎5. A. because B. though C. if D. unless ‎6. A. sent B. pushed C. trapped D. seated 9‎ ‎7. A. shaking B. struggling C. trying D. breathing ‎8. A. seemed B. continued C. wanted D. happened ‎9. A. borrowed B. touched C. broke D. climbed ‎10. A. strength B. wealth C. interest D. freedom ‎11. A. true B. successful C. attractive D. risky ‎12. A. bright B. deep C. large D. round ‎13. A. praising B. comforting C. encouraging D. advising ‎14. A. honesty B. bravery C. generosity D. knowledge ‎15. A. imagined B. replied C. imitated D. wondered ‎16. A. Obviously B. Hopefully C. Delightfully D. Occasionally ‎17. A. throw B. raise C. turn D. knock ‎18. A. sign B. lesson C. effort D. idea ‎19. A. performance B. break C. meeting D. discussion ‎20. A. advance B. silence C. despair D. belief ‎[文章大意]　小男孩是怎么做到别人认为不可能的事情的呢？因为没人说他做不到。‎ ‎1. A。不幸的是(unfortunately)，小男孩发现自己在一处很薄的(thin)冰上滑冰。‎ ‎2. D。参见上题解析。‎ ‎3. B。小男孩还没反应过来，就掉下去了。realize“明白，认识到”，符合语境。‎ ‎4. C。其他几个男孩看到同伴掉到水里都冲(rushed)了过去。‎ ‎5. A。空处后为“could not get him out of the lake”的原因，故用because。‎ 9‎ ‎6. C。根据“the ice layer had formed back”可知，小男孩被困在冰下面了。trap“困住”，符合语境。‎ ‎7. B。根据常识可知，小男孩应该是在冰下面挣扎(struggling)。‎ ‎8. D。根据“a tree in the distance”可推知，有个男孩碰巧看见远处的一棵树。happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”。‎ ‎9. C。根据“he started digging into the ice”可推知，那个男孩折(broke)了一个树枝。‎ ‎10. A。要在冰上凿一个洞，小男孩当然要用尽自己所有的力气(strength)。‎ ‎11. B。根据下文的“he managed to make a hole”可知，小男孩成功了。故选B项。‎ ‎12. C。根据后面的“enough to pull his friend out”可知，小男孩凿开的洞要足够大(large)。‎ ‎13. A。他们都在表扬(praising)小男孩的勇敢(bravery)和冷静。‎ ‎14. B。参见上题解析。‎ ‎15. D。根据前面的“they were all surprised”可知，他们很想知道(wondered)小男孩是怎么做到的。‎ ‎16. A。根据“the branch was bigger and heavier”可知，树枝比较大、比较沉，像他那样大的孩子显然(Obviously)是拿不动的。‎ ‎17. B。根据后面的“to hammer a hole”可推知，小男孩要一次又一次地举起(raise)树枝才能砸冰。‎ ‎18. C。这里用effort指小男孩非凡的努力。‎ ‎19. D。根据上文的“How did he manage to do it？”可知，人们在议论小男孩是怎么做到的。故选D项。‎ ‎20. B。老人要说明原因，大家当然是静静地看着他。故选B项。‎ B ‎(2015·呼和浩特第一次调研)‎ The 100th Running Shoe Keychain When I was in grade 6，I joined the cross country running club.I hated running but __1__ because my friends were in the club.I worked hard but no matter how hard I trained，I __2__ came in the last.After yet another meet where I came in last，I told my coach that I was going to __3__.I couldn’t run.I hated running and all I was doing was pulling the __4__ down.I don’t remember his words，but I do remember he __5__ to let me quit.I remember feeling that he believed in me even though I didn’t believe in myself.I kept __6__ and participating in the meets.He never gave up on me.Instead，he always encouraged me to keep going，and told me that I could do it.‎ 9‎ Then the final meet came，a huge __7__ with less than two hundred students running.We learned that not only the first 20 students __8__ the line would win an award，but also the first 100 would be given a running shoe keychain as encouragement.We set off and I quickly __9__ behind.I didn’t stop and kept running.My friends who __10__ me encouraged me to keep running.When I passed the __11__，finally，and received the 100th keychain，there were still several students behind me.For the first time，I was not the __12__ one！I remember how excited I felt and how my friends felt happy for me.‎ The following week there was a school gathering.We were all called up in front of the school.The coach shared that we were high __13__ at the meet，and almost everyone on the team came home with __14__.I felt ashamed，for I was the one who didn’t win an award.I only came in the 100th place and didn’t __15__ his praise.Then he came behind me，put his hands on my shoulders and told the school he was __16__ of me because I never gave up and because of that，I pulled from last __17__ to the middle of the race—which was an unbelievable personal __18__.He spoke on how we all __19__ one another and how well we worked together，__20__ we all were racing alone.‎ I still keep that keychain，which tells me never to give up and always work with others.It doesn’t matter if you are the first；what matters is doing your best.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。不擅跑步的作者加入跑步俱乐部在比赛中屡屡失意。作者萌生退意，后来在教练的鼓励和队友的支持下取得了很大进步，从而得出了不轻言放弃、要与他人合作的人生感悟。‎ ‎1．A.joined B．obeyed C．agreed D．practised 解析：选A。考查动词辨析。join意为“参加，加入”；obey意为“服从，遵守”；agree意为“同意”；practise意为“练习”。由文章第一句中的“joined”提示可知，作者尽管不喜欢跑步，但还是因为自己的朋友参加了而加入了跑步俱乐部。故答案选A。‎ ‎2．A.approximately B．constantly C．personally D．absolutely 解析：选B。考查副词辨析。approximately意为“大约”；constantly意为“始终，一直”；personally意为“亲自地，个别地”；absolutely意为“完全地，绝对地”。空格前一分句为让步状语从句，所以此空格所在的句子应与前一分句构成转折。由此可知，此处指不管作者怎么努力训练但还是经常跑最后一名。这与下文作者想退出比赛相呼应。故答案选B。‎ ‎3．A.fall B．lose C．quit D．rest 9‎ 解析：选C。考查动词辨析。fall意为“摔倒，掉下”；lose意为“丢失，失败”；quit意为“退出”；rest意为“休息”。由上文可知，作者经常跑最后一名，在经历了又一次失败后，作者告诉教练自己想退出俱乐部的比赛。故答案选C。‎ ‎4．A.score B．coach C．record D．team 解析：选D。考查名词辨析。score意为“分数”；coach意为“教练”；record意为“记录”；team意为“队伍”。结合语境可知，作者退赛的原因是讨厌跑步并且自己一直在拖队伍的后腿。pull down意为“拖后腿”。故答案选D。‎ ‎5．A.regretted B．forbade C．hesitated D．refused 解析：选D。考查动词辨析。regret意为“后悔”；forbid意为“禁止”；hesitate意为“犹豫”；refuse意为“拒绝”。根据下文作者继续训练与参加比赛的事实可知，作者提出退赛时，教练没有同意。故答案选D。‎ ‎6．A.begging B．training C．failing D．applying 解析：选B。考查动词辨析。beg意为“乞求”；train意为“训练”；fail意为“失败”；apply意为“申请”。根据句中“kept”和“and participating in the meets”可知，教练拒绝了作者的退赛请求并给予作者鼓励与信任，因此作者又继续训练了。故答案选B。‎ ‎7．A.amount B．success C．affair D．honour 解析：选C。考查名词辨析。amount意为“数量”；success意为“成功”；affair意为“事件”；honour意为“荣耀”。此空格所在部分为“the final meet”的同位语，是对它进行解释。由空格后的参赛选手数量“less than two hundred students”可知，本次比赛为一场大型赛事。故答案选C。‎ ‎8．A.across B．beyond C．over D．to 解析：选A。考查介词辨析。across意为“(从表面)通过”；beyond意为“(抽象意义上的)超越”；over意为“(从上方)越过”；to意为“到达”。根据句意可知，此处指完成比赛跑过终点线的前20名选手将获奖。故答案选A。‎ ‎9．A.followed B．kept C．left D．fell 解析：选D。考查动词辨析。follow意为“跟随”；keep意为“保持”；leave意为“留下”；fall意为“落下”。fall behind意为“落后”，为固定搭配。本句句意为：我们开始跑了，我很快就落后了。C项为干扰项，如选用，须用被动语态，故排除。故答案选D。‎ 9‎ ‎10．A.helped B．passed C．inspired D．supported 解析：选B。考查动词辨析。help意为“帮助”；pass意为“路过”；inspire意为“启发”；support意为“支持”。根据文意可知，作者落后了，许多作者的朋友们从作者身边跑过时都鼓励他继续奔跑。故答案选B。‎ ‎11．A.field B．test C．line D．match 解析：选C。考查名词辨析。field意为“田地，场地”；test意为“测验”；line意为“(终点)线”；match意为“比赛”。根据此空格前的“passed”和空格后的“finally”提示可知，作者最终跑过了终点线。故答案选C。‎ ‎12．A.last B．least C．quickest D．farthest 解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。last意为“最后的”；least“最少的”；quickest意为“最快的”；farthest意为“最远的”。根据上一句中的“received the 100th keychain”可知，作者跑了第100名。上文提到参赛选手有将近200名，所以有史以来第一次，作者不是最后一名。故答案选A。‎ ‎13．A.speeds B．spots C．quality D．chance 解析：选B。考查名词辨析。speed意为“速度”；spot意为“点”；quality意为“质量”；chance意为“机会”。本句及之后的内容表明教练在表扬队员，此空格前有“high”，与spots搭配有“亮点”的意思，指队员们是比赛场上的亮点。故答案选B。‎ ‎14．A.presents B．awards C．wishes D．keychains 解析：选B。考查名词辨析。present意为“礼物”；award意为“奖项”；wish意为“愿望”；keychain意为“钥匙圈”。由比赛奖励规则可知，前20名获得奖项，前100名获得运动鞋钥匙圈奖励。根据后一句“I felt ashamed，for I was the one who didn’t win an award.”可知，大部分队友都获得了award(奖项)。故答案选B。‎ ‎15．A.deserve B．value C．believe D．request 解析：选A。考查动词辨析。deserve意为“应得”；value意为“看重”；believe意为“相信”；request意为“要求”。根据上文可知，作者没有获得奖项，只得到第100名，于是感到羞愧，觉得自己没资格获得教练的表扬。故答案选A。‎ ‎16．A.aware B．sure C．capable D．proud 9‎ 解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。aware意为“意识到的”；sure意为“确定的”；capable意为“胜任的”；proud意为“自豪的”。根据空格后的“because I never gave up and because... unbelievable personal...”可知，教练为作者不放弃并取得的巨大进步感到自豪。故答案选D。‎ ‎17．A.number B．place C．race D．minute 解析：选B。考查名词辨析。number意为“数量”；place意为“位置，名次”；race意为“比赛”；minute意为“分钟”。此处指教练表扬“我”从最后一名上升到中间的名次。故答案选B。‎ ‎18．A.victory B．ambition C．matter D．opinion 解析：选A。考查名词辨析。victory意为“胜利”；ambition意为“野心”；matter意为“物质，事情”；opinion意为“观点，看法”。本句中，教练表扬“我”经过努力提升了名次，这对“我”自己来说是一个难以置信的胜利。故答案选A。‎ ‎19．A.introduced B．encouraged C．proved D．attracted 解析：选B。考查动词辨析。introduce意为“介绍”；encourage意为“鼓励”；prove意为“证明”；attract意为“吸引”。此处指教练表扬“我们”彼此相互鼓励与合作，与文章第二段中的“My friends who ______ me encouraged me to keep running.”相呼应。故答案选B。‎ ‎20．A.as if B．in case C．even though D．as long as 解析：选C。考查连词辨析。as if意为“似乎”；in case意为“万一”；even though意为“即使”；as long as意为“只要”。本句为从句，由逗号前的主句中“together”和从句中的“alone”可知，此从句与主句构成转折关系，应为让步状语从句，句意为：他说尽管我们都是独自参加比赛，但我们相互鼓励与合作。故答案选C。‎ Part B：短文语法填空 Philip was a junior office assistant in a large company. He was quite ambitious, so he was keen to make a good 1.________ (impress) on the boss. He often stayed late at the office, to show 2.________ committed and hardworking he was. One evening, he was just 3.________ to go home when he saw his boss 4.________ (stand) in front of the shredder (碎纸机), holding a document.‎ ‎“Ah, Philip! I'm glad you're still here in the office！”said the boss，“Good 9‎ ‎ 5.________ (see) all your hard work and professionalism. Now I wonder if you could help me.”‎ ‎“Of course，” replied Philip.“It's no trouble.”‎ ‎“Good man! You see, my secretary has already gone home 6.________ I haven't got a clue how this thing works. It's so important that I have to get this done before tomorrow. If you 7.________ (can) do this one more thing before you go home, I'd 8.________ (real) appreciate it.”‎ ‎“No problem，” said Philip, 9.________ (happiness) to be asked to do such a simple job.‎ He took the document from his boss, turned on the machine, inserted the document and pressed the start button.‎ ‎“That's excellent，” said the boss, as the document vanished into the shredder (碎纸机). “I just need two 10.________ (copy).”‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1．impression　 make a good impression on sb.是固定短语，意为“给某人留下好印象”。‎ ‎2．how　句意：他经常在办公室里待到很晚，以此来显示他是多么地敬业和勤奋。“committed”和“hardworking”是形容词，所以用副词how修饰，表示程度。‎ ‎3．about　固定句型 be about to do sth. when ...意为“正要做某事时突然……”。故填 about。‎ ‎4．standing　动词see后通常接动词原形或现在分词作宾语补足语，此处表示正在发生的动作，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎5．to see　分析句子结构可知，形容词“Good”前省略了it is，所以用动词不定式作真正的主语。‎ ‎6．and　分析句子结构可知，此处用连词and连接两个并列的句子。‎ ‎7．could　根据主句中的谓语动词可知，此处是指与现在事实相反的虚拟，所以if引导的条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。故填could。‎ 9‎ ‎8．really　应用副词修饰动词“appreciate”。real的副词形式为 really。‎ ‎9．happy　根据语境可知，Philip很高兴被要求做这样简单的工作。分析句子结构可知，空格处用形容词happy作状语，表伴随。‎ ‎10．copies　根据数词“two”可知，此处名词应使用复数形式。copy的复数形式为copies。‎ 9‎