高考英语短文改错考点分析

申明敬告: 本站不保证该用户上传的文档完整性,不预览、不比对内容而直接下载产生的反悔问题本站不予受理。

文档介绍

高考英语短文改错考点分析

高考英语短文改错考点分析 通过对历届高考英语短文改错题的深入研究和反复比较,我们发现:高考英语短文改错的设错(即考点)很有规律,并且呈现出极强的稳定性。常规考点主要集中在动词、冠词、介词、连词、名词、形容词和副词、各类从句引导词、行文逻辑等方面。进一步的研究还表明:‎ 动词:主要考查时态(每年必有)、非谓语动词(每年必有)、语态(有时有)等方面。‎ 冠词:主要考查基本用法(冠词设错几乎每年都有)。‎ 介词:主要考查介词的习惯搭配(比如与名词搭配、与动词搭配、尤其是与形容词的搭配等,介词设错几乎每年都有)。‎ 名词:主要考查其可数性或单复数的使用情况等(几乎每年都有)。‎ 形容词:主要考查比较等级、搭配、修饰、用法区别等(形容词设错几乎每年都有)。‎ 副词:主要考查副词修饰其他词的正确性,有时也考查搭配与行文逻辑方面的问题等。‎ 代词:主要考查前后指代的一致性以及某些习惯用法等。‎ 并列连词:并列连词考查主要涉及行文逻辑。‎ 各类从句:包括状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句等。主要考查各类从句的引导词的正确使用问题(大部分年份有)。‎ 另外,从近10来年的短文改错考题来看,在错词行、多词行、漏词行、无错行等设错形式方面也有很强的规律性:‎ 错词行:一般为5—6行(通常是与漏词行合为7行)‎ 多词行:一般为1—2行(以2行为多见)。‎ 漏词行:一般为1—2行(通常是与错词行合为7行)‎ 无错行:一般为1行。‎ 高考英语短文改错的改错切入点 一、多一词 ‎(1) 多一介词或副词 ‎① 有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词,在英语中是及物动词,可能多一个介词。如:serve for the people, follow after him, play with her in a match, marry with her, engage with her ‎② 有些动词可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,但搭配不同,可能混淆而多一个介词。如:join in the game, 但 join in the club; pay for a TV set, 但 pay for three dollars; search for the map, 但 search for the thief for his watch ‎③ 有些“动词 + 介词”形式的动词后面没有宾语时,后面的介词是多余的。如:‎ He looked at but could see nothing. ‎ How are you getting on with?‎ ‎④ 有些动词、名词、形容词后接名词或代词时须加一个介词,但接that从句时,必须去掉介词。如:agree to it, 但 agree to that...; be sure of it, 但be sure of that…; be sorry for it, 但 be sorry for that…‎ ‎⑤ 有些副词或介词词组后加一个介词,组成了复合介词,若后面没有接宾语时,最后的介词则是多余的。如:‎ If you won’t go, I’ll go instead of.‎ He walked out of.‎ ‎⑥ 有些连词后加 of 成为复合介词,如果后接从句,of 是多余的。如:Because of he was ill…‎ ‎⑦ 地点副词的意义中已经包含了介词 to,如果再用 to则是多余的。如:on my way to there, get to home, go to upstairs, return to home ‎⑧ last year, next month, this week, one day等名词词组直接充当时间状语,前面用介词是多余的。‎ ‎⑨ 有些动词受汉语意思影响而多一副词,如:stop down(停下来), raise up (举起来), return back(归来,回来), repeat again (复述)‎ ‎⑩ 有些动词在一种用法中要加副词,而在另一种用法中加副词则是多余的。如:build up our country, 但 build up railways ‎(2) 多一连词 ‎① 状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词,如:though… but; because… so; the more… and the more ‎② 充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。如: ‎ Sitting down and he began to work.‎ Regarded as the best in the class, so he was praised at the meeting.‎ ‎③ 从属连词后多一 that。如:because that… since that…, unless that…‎ ‎④ 复合宾语前多一 that。如:‎ I heard that him say it.‎ I found that her lying on the ground.‎ ‎(3) 多一代词 ‎① 主语与谓语之间多一关系代词。如:‎ Some people don’t like football, but many people who do like it.‎ ‎② 作定语的分词前多一关系代词。如:‎ I know the boy who standing there.(也可在 who 后加 is)‎ The man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.(也可在 who 后加was)‎ ‎③ 定语从句中的名词已由关系代词取代,再用代词则是多余的。如:‎ She bought the book (that) she had first asked for it.‎ I have seen the girl (whom) you are talking of her.‎ ‎④ 用不定式作定语时,如果其逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是被修饰的名词词组,后面再用代词是多余的。如: ‎ The tea is too hot to drink it.‎ He is a good comrade to work with him.‎ ‎⑤ 在“形容词 + 不定式”句型中,如果不定式的逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是句子的主语,再用代词作宾语或介词宾语则是多余的。如:‎ This question is too difficult to answer it. ‎ The house is nice to live in it.‎ ‎⑥ 在“连词 + 分词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词词组”结构中,加上代词作主语是多余的。如:‎ He took notes while he reading.‎ If it heated, ice turns to water.‎ ‎(4) 多一助动词 ‎① 时间、条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时,用 will, would 是多余的。如:‎ If he will try hard, he will succeed.‎ I’ll tell them about it as soon as they will come.‎ ‎② be sure 或 make sure + that 从句中用一般现在时表将来,用 will, would 是多余的。如:‎ I make sure that you will come early.‎ ‎③ 在宾语从句中主语前的助动词是多余的。如:‎ Would you tell me what do you want?‎ ‎④ 独立结构中的 be(助动词或连系动词)是多余的。如:‎ The game was over, he went home.‎ She smiled, tears were still running down her face.‎ ‎(5) 多一冠词 ‎① 与介词 at, in, to连用的名词 school, class, town, hospital, church, prison, bed 等表示与其有关的活动时,用冠词是多余的。如:go to the school(上学), be in the prison(坐牢), be in the bed(在睡觉) ‎ ‎② 与 by 连用的交通工具名称和 air, land, sea 等名词前用冠词是多余的。如:by the bike, by the sea, by the train ‎③ 表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如:play the / a volleyball, play the chess, play the table tennis ‎④ 由“专有名词 + 普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。如:the Beijing Airport, the Oxford Street, the ‎Hyde Park ‎⑤ 在一些固定搭配中。如:at the first, at the last, the most of us ‎ ‎⑥ most 作“非常”解时,前面用 the 是多余的。如:‎ Oh! It’s the most beautiful! ‎ She is the most diligent.‎ ‎⑦ 含有 Day 的节日前加 the 是多余的。如:the May Day, the Women’s Day, the National day, the New Year’s Day ‎ ‎⑧ 在“名词 + as / though…”结构中,名词前不用任何冠词。如:a child as he is / a fool as he is ‎ ‎ ‎(6) 多一小品词 to ‎① 在 had better, would rather, rather than 后的不定式前用 to 是多余的。如:‎ You had better not to go.‎ I would rather to stay at home.‎ ‎② 在 make, let, have, see, feel, watch, notice, observe 等使役、感官动词后充当宾语补足语的不定式前用 to 是多余的。如: ‎ He made me to do heavy work. ‎ Let me to hear you to play. ‎ ‎ ‎ 二、缺一词 ‎(1) 缺一介词 ‎① 有些动词后有时有介词,有时没有介词,可能混淆而缺一介词。如:attend a meeting, 但 attend ∧(to) the patient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare∧ (for) the exam; join us, 但 join∧(in) a game.‎ ‎② 表语形容词通常具有动词意义,很可能误以为是动词而漏掉介词。如:be afraid ∧(of) nothing, be present ∧(at) the meeting, be sure ∧(about) it。‎ ‎③ except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介词词组充当介词宾语,可能会漏掉第 2 个介词。如:‎ He came on foot instead of ∧ (by) bike.‎ A big bear ran out from ∧ (behind) a tree.‎ ‎④ hundreds, thousands 等后面可能漏掉 of。类似的还有millions ∧ (of), dozens ∧ (of), scores ∧ (of)‎ ‎(2) 缺一连词 ‎① 汉语常用意合法,分句与分句之间往往不用连词,但英语里不行。如:‎ It began to rain, ∧ (and) they had to stop the match. (如果中间用分号可不用连词)‎ It was late, ∧ (so) we went home. ‎ You like sports, ∧ (while) I’d rather read.‎ He looked for the key, ∧ (but) didn’t find it.‎ ‎② 受汉语影响,并列动词词组之间可能缺一个and。如:‎ She smiled ∧ (and) said good-bye to her father.‎ ‎③ 名词性从句 that分句置于句首或作同位语时不可缺少连词。如: ‎ ‎∧ (That) she is beautiful is known to us all.‎ We heard the news ∧ (that) our team had won.‎ ‎④ even 后可能缺少 if 或 though。如:‎ He walks as ∧ (if 或 though) he were drunk.‎ ‎(3) 缺一代词 ‎① 充当定语从句主语的关系代词不能缺少。如:‎ The accident ∧ (that) happened yesterday was very serious.‎ ‎② 英语中用来替代前面的“the + 名词”的 that(单数)和 those(复数),在汉语中往往很可能漏掉。如:‎ The population of China is much larger than ∧ (that) of Japan.‎ These shirts are expensive, but∧ (those) which we saw the other day were even more expensive.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(4) 缺一助动词或连系动词 be ‎① 表语不是名词时,可能缺少连系动词 be,因为汉语在这种情况下不用“是”。如:‎ He ∧ (is) afraid of his father. ‎ The match ∧ (is) over.‎ ‎② 被动语态中缺少助动词 be,成了主动语态。如:‎ He has ∧ (been) asked to sing in English.‎ ‎③ 完成体中缺少助动词 have,成了一般过去时。如:‎ We realized that we ∧ (had) lost our way.‎ They ∧ (have) lived here since 1980.‎ ‎④ 在倒装句中缺少助动词或情态动词。如:‎ Hardly ∧ (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus started. ‎ Seldom ∧ (do) I get invited into the office alone. ‎ Only in this way ∧ (can) you learn English well.‎ ‎(5) 缺一冠词 ‎① 在 such 或 so + 形容词与单数可数名词连用时,不可缺 a (an)。如:‎ He is such ∧ (an) honest boy that all of us like him. ‎ This is so good ∧ (a) book that I read it again.‎ ‎② 表示“有些”时,little, few前面不可缺少 a。如:‎ Don’t hurry. There is ∧ (a) little time left.‎ ‎③ many 前有 great, good 时,要加 a。如:∧(a) great many people.若 many 后接单数名词,中间须有 a (an)。如:Many ∧ (a) man has tried it before.‎ ‎④ 一些不可数名词前,有形容词修饰表示“一种(场)等”时,要加 a (an)。如:‎ It’s ∧ (a) famous Chinese tea. ‎ There was∧ (a) heavy rain last night.‎ ‎⑤ 用专有名词表示“一个像(叫)……的人”时,用 a (an), 如:‎ He wished to be ∧ (a) Lei Feng. ‎ ‎∧ (A) Mr Wang called you up just now.‎ ‎⑥“形容词比较级 + of the two…”前必须用 the。如:‎ He is ∧ (the) better one of the two.‎ ‎(6) 缺小品词 to ‎① 不定式充当各种成分,一般都不能缺少 to。如: ‎ She went there ∧ (to) see her mother.‎ He asked me not ∧ (to) go there. ‎ I have something important ∧ (to) tell you.‎ ‎② make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等动词变成被动语态时,充当主语补足语的不定式前的 to需还原。如:‎ She was made ∧ (to) do heavy work. ‎ The blind man was seen ∧ (to) cross the street 三、错一词 错一词的情况最为复杂,大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义、形似词选择错误等。‎ ‎(1) 虚词选择错误 ‎① 介词或副词选择错误:这种情况极为复杂,各种情况都有可能。这里只提供几组作为参考:before / ago, among / between, after / in, below / under, on / above / over, across / through, except / besides, with / in(用), to / for (对于), like / as 等。‎ ‎② 连词选择错误或连词与介词混淆。如:because / for(since, as), if / whether, if / unless, so as / so that, hardly … when / no sooner… than, while / when, till / until等。‎ ‎③ 感叹句用词选择错误:how / what。‎ ‎④ 冠词选择错误:a / an, a (an) / the。‎ ‎(2) 实词词形错误 ‎① 名词词形错误:名词的单复数形式,特别注意不规则名词的复数形式;名词的所有格,特别注意不规则复数名词的所有格,如:the children’s;名词所有格的绝对形式。如:My son is older than my elder brother’s. (from www. nmet168.com)‎ ‎② 动词词形错误:不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误,特别注意几组易于混淆的词,如:lie(躺) / lie(说谎) / lay;hang(挂) / hang(绞死);find / found(建立);fall / fell(砍倒);bear(忍受) / bear(生育)等的过去式与过去分词。非谓语动词用法的选择,特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词(取决于主语、名词中心词与宾语的关系);在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词(取决于to是介词还是小品词);以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式,必须与第 1 个动词保持一致。谓语动词时态形式的选择,是现在时还是过去时还是其他时态;情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的选择(只能用原形)。‎ ‎③ 形容词与副词词形错误:是用原级、比较级还是最高级,是加 more, most 还是加 -er, -est 构成比较级和最高级。‎ ‎④ 词性选择错误:不同的词性充当不同的句子成分,要注意实词的词性是否适合其功能,不符合则应换用适当的派生词。其中特别要注意:连系动词后常用形容词充当表语,而不用副词。如:He feels cold. 作状语用副词,而不用形容词。如:He works well.‎ ‎(3) 同义词、近义词、形似词选择错误 这里举一些常见的例子: ‎ accept / receive, alive, living / lively, allow / let, alone / lonely, aloud / loudly, already / yet / still, also / too / either, number / amount / quantity, answer / reply, asleep / sleepy / sleeping, bring / take / fetch / carry, clothes / clothing, deep / deeply, cost / spend / take / pay, hard / hardly, high / highly, job / work, late / lately, lend / borrow, raise / rise, say / speak / tell / talk, sit / seat, sound / noise / voice ‎ ‎ 高考英语短文改错的答题技巧 一、分清错误的类别,对症下药 ‎1.缺词考点 漏掉的往往是冠词、介词、连词等虚词,这通常与前后词的搭配有关,见到名词,应考虑是否缺了冠词;见到动词,可注意后面是否少了应与之搭配的介词或其他词;见到某些固定搭配,如 in front of, as soon as,应考虑是否完整,不是固定搭配的,也要注意英语行文习惯或逻辑上的搭配,如英语不可说 She shook head,而应说 She shook her head。(如下表)‎ 命题角度 考点 解题思路 名词 冠词 名词前是否缺冠词 不及物动词 介词 不及物动词后是否缺介词 不定式 小品词to 不定式中是否缺少了不该省的 to ‎ 被动语态 助动词 被动语态中是否缺少了助动词be 母语迁移 词类用法 将形容词、副词或介词视作动词,使句子缺少谓语动词 固定搭配 惯用法 惯用法中是否漏了不可缺少的词 ‎【考例】The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me. (全国卷)‎ ‎【分析】在English 前加my。根据句意可知应是指“我的英语老师”。‎ ‎【考例】…afternoon. You won’t find difficult to get to the city. (甘肃、青海卷)‎ ‎【分析】在 find 后加 it。构成 find it difficult to do sth,it 作形式宾语。‎ ‎2.多词考点 多余的词,往往是结构词,如冠词、介词、代词等等,一种是根据涉及到的名词、动词的特点等判断是否多了冠词、介词或副词;另一种是根据全句的结构和意义,判断是否多了连词或其他词。(如下表)‎ 命题角度 考点 解题思路 名词 冠词 抽象名词、物质名词表泛指是否多了冠词 动词 介词 及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词 不定式 小品词 to 不定式前是否多了应该省略的 to ‎ 状语 介词 时间或地点状语中是否多用了介词 形容词、副词 比较结构 形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了相似词 固定搭配 惯用法 固定搭配是否画蛇添足 ‎【考例】… in a school for students from Tibet. As we were all left home…(天津卷) ‎ ‎【分析】去掉 were。动词 leave 作“离开”时,是不及物动词,没有被动语态。‎ ‎3.错词考点 错词的类型复杂,不胜枚举。但常见的还是搭配错误与语法错误,特别是同学们平时写作时常出的错误最易为命题者所关注,对于平时常常疏忽、常常出错的地方要精心改正,做题时更要小心仔细。错词是改错题中最主要的错误类型。(如下表) ‎ 命题角度 考点 解题思路 名词 冠词 判断名词前的冠词是否误用 名词 名词的数 句中名词该用单数还是复数 动词 动词时态、语态以及主谓一致 根据上下文判断动词时态、语态是否有误、主谓搭配是否正确 非谓语动词 分词、动名词、不定式 根据上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用 代词 人称代词的格、指代及关系代词与从句关系 人称代词的格是否误用 代词前后指代是否一致 定语从句中关系词是否误用 形容词、副词 词法 判断句子中形容词和副词是否混淆使用 介词 惯用法 惯用法中介词是否误用 连词 句法 判断句子并列连词、从属连词是否误用 ‎【考例】…told me that something happened when her parents was out. (福建卷)‎ ‎【分析】was→were。parents是复数,应用复数谓语。‎ ‎【考例】I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would… (山东卷)‎ ‎【分析】of→from。of 表示所属关系,from 表示从某地来。‎ 二、保持原意的原则 一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则,即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意思,包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系,只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系错误进行改正,且小改不能大改。换词不能改意,加词不能增意,去词不能减意。如有多种改法,应以保持原意为条件,择其善者而从之。‎ ‎【考例】But I have spent most my money, so I cannot… (四川卷)‎ ‎【分析】在 my 前加 of。也有同学去掉 most,这种改法虽改正了语法错误,但改变了原意。作者想说的是“花掉了大部分的钱,而不是全部”。‎ ‎【考例】…are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives. (广东卷)‎ ‎【分析】lives→living。make a / one’s living 为一固定短语。只需将 lives 改成 living 就可以了,不要将 their lives 改为 a living。‎ ‎ ‎ 三、虚词以添加或者删除为原则 历年高考题需要添加或删除的地方为三四处。这些需要添删的词一般是冠词、代词、介词、关系词等,而动词、名词等难得添删,因为太容易改变句子的原意。‎ ‎【考例】…asked him to spend in more time preparing for the… (安徽春季卷)‎ ‎【分析】去掉in。“spend + 时间 + (in) doing”是固定用法。‎ ‎【考例】…As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of… (全国卷)‎ ‎【分析】在 famous 前加 a。mountain 是可数名词,在这里是泛指,故在其前加不定冠词。‎ ‎ ‎ 四、实词以改变形式为原则 在短文改错中,实词的处理一般只改变它的形式,不改变其词义,也不换成另一个实词,更不能随便添删。‎ ‎【考例】…parents got mad, try to have a conversation with them… (北京卷)‎ ‎【分析】got→get。从全文可以看出,这里需要用一般现在时态,表示经常发生的动作。若将 got 换成 became 等其他连系动词,虽然语法对了,但又犯了搭配错误。‎ ‎【考例】Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all… (广西卷)‎ ‎【分析】easily→easy。因为一般的副词不能作表语,而应用形容词。切记不要换成 simple 或其他的近义形容词。‎ ‎ ‎ 五、关注行尾和行首的联系 很多错误处于此行结尾和下一行首,它们之间往往存在一定的语法或逻辑联系,而考生往往忽略此处。另外,我们以句子为单位而不是以行为单位进行判断,注意分行的技巧,注意上下文的逻辑关系,注意标记的准确性等。‎ ‎【考例】…Festival. My grandma was the best cooker in the world but could make the delicious dishes. One time, I just… (江苏卷)‎ ‎【分析】cooker 意为“炊具”,cook 意为“厨师”。故第 1 行将 cooker 改为cook。如果我们以行为单位来判断,就很难找到第 2 ‎ 行的错误。只要以句子为单位,我们就很容易知道这两行的主体部分是一个句子,再根据两个谓语是联合式的并列,而不是转折关系,故将 but 改为 and。错误(but)位于行首,较为隐蔽,不易被发现。‎ 高考英语短文改错题的常见考点 ‎1. 动词的非谓语形式 非谓语动词的不定式和分词形式是历年高考短文改错题的考查重点。‎ ‎【考例】Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as… (全国卷)‎ ‎【分析】talk→talking。enjoy 后一般接动词的 -ing 形式作宾语。‎ ‎2. 名词的单复数变化 ‎【考例】Sometimes, we talk to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at… (全国卷) ‎ ‎【分析】stranger→strangers。stranger意为“陌生人”,为单数可数名词,根据句意可知这里应用其复数形式。‎ ‎【考例】Their word were a great encouragement to me. (全国卷)‎ word→words。根据句子的谓语动词为复数形式 were 可知主语应用复数。‎ ‎3. 代词的各种变化 ‎【考例】We had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. (天津卷)‎ ‎【分析】us→ourselves。ourselves 意为“我们自己”,符合句意。‎ ‎4. 形容词各种用法 ‎【考例】…hobby which is both interested and fun. (浙江卷) ‎ ‎【分析】interested→interesting。interested 意为“感兴趣的”,interesting 意为“令人感兴趣的”,由此可知应用 interesting。‎ ‎5. 词性的变化 ‎【考例】I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (全国卷) ‎ ‎【分析】quietly→quiet。在此 quiet 和 shy 是并列成分,同作宾语补足语。‎ ‎6. 介词与动词、形容词等构成搭配 ‎【考例】We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. (福建卷)‎ ‎【分析】on→in。have a lot in common 意为“有许多共同之处”,是英语中的习惯用法。‎ ‎【考例】…the teacher was handing in the tests. I was feeling very nervous. (湖南卷)‎ ‎【分析】in→out。hand in 意为“上交”,而 hand out 意为“分发”。根据句意可知,此处应用 hand out。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7. 冠词的基本用法 由于汉语中没有与英语冠词相对应的词语,学生往往会忽略冠词。‎ ‎【考例】I had not studied at all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test. (湖南卷) ‎ ‎【分析】在 easy test 前加 an。test 为单数可数名词,根据句意和 easy 的读音以元音开头可知应加上不定冠词 an。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8. 英语中的一致性现象 包括主谓一致、代词一致、时态一致等。‎ ‎【考例】…growing up. I am always young when I was staying… (湖北卷)‎ ‎【分析】was→am。根据主句谓语动词的时态可知,从句的谓语动词也应用现在进行时。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9. 英语中的并列现象 在表达并列现象时,一般要用相同的语法结构。并列结构常用 and 或 or 连接。‎ ‎【考例】…Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answer… (湖南卷) ‎ ‎【分析】opening→opened。opened 与 put, started 一起构成并列谓语。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10. 句意逻辑关系 ‎【考例】…I had to look up the word many times, for which was quite troublesome. (重庆卷)‎ ‎【分析】去掉 for。这里主要考查非限制性定语从句,which 在此指代前面提到的 the word。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎11. 句与句之间的并列或从属关系 ‎【考例】Clever as she is, but she works very hard. We have a… (福建卷)‎ ‎【分析】去掉 but。Clever as she is=Although she is clever,所以此处要去掉并列连词 but。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 高考英语短文改错考点归纳·错词考点 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 错词的情况最为复杂,大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义、形似词选择错误等。‎ 一、虚词选择错误 ‎① 介词或副词选择错误:这种情况极为复杂,各种情况都有可能。这里只提供几组作为参考:before / ago, among / between, after / in, below / under, on / above / over, across / through, except / besides, with / in(用), to / for (对于), like / as 等。‎ ‎② 连词选择错误或连词与介词混淆。如:because / for(since, as), if / whether, if / unless, so as / so that, hardly … when / no sooner… than, while / when, till / until等。‎ ‎③ 感叹句用词选择错误:how / what。‎ ‎④ 冠词选择错误:a / an, a (an) / the。‎ 二、实词词形错误 ‎① 名词词形错误:名词的单复数形式,特别注意不规则名词的复数形式;名词的所有格,特别注意不规则复数名词的所有格,如:the children’s;名词所有格的绝对形式。如:My son is older than my elder brother’s.‎ ‎② 动词词形错误:不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误,特别注意几组易于混淆的词,如:lie(躺) / lie(说谎) / lay;hang(挂) / hang(绞死);find / found(建立);fall / fell(砍倒);bear(忍受) / bear(生育)等的过去式与过去分词。非谓语动词用法的选择,特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词(取决于主语、名词中心词与宾语的关系);在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词(取决于to是介词还是小品词);以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式,必须与第 1 个动词保持一致。谓语动词时态形式的选择,是现在时还是过去时还是其他时态;情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的选择(只能用原形)。‎ ‎③ 形容词与副词词形错误:是用原级、比较级还是最高级,是加 more, most 还是加 -er, -est 构成比较级和最高级。‎ ‎④ 词性选择错误:不同的词性充当不同的句子成分,要注意实词的词性是否适合其功能,不符合则应换用适当的派生词。其中特别要注意:连系动词后常用形容词充当表语,而不用副词。如:He feels cold. 作状语用副词,而不用形容词。如:He works well.(from www.nmet168.com)‎ 三、同义词、近义词、形似词选择错误。这里举一些常见的例子:‎ accept / receive, alive, living / lively, allow / let, alone / lonely, aloud / loudly, already / yet / still, also / too / either, number / amount / quantity, answer / reply, asleep / sleepy / sleeping, bring / take / fetch / carry, clothes / clothing, deep / deeply, cost / spend / take / pay, hard / hardly, high / highly, job / work, late / lately, lend / borrow, raise / rise, say / speak / tell / talk, sit / seat, sound / noise / voice ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎
查看更多

相关文章

您可能关注的文档