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江苏高考英语专题一语法知识非谓语动词
第2讲 非谓语动词 1.Many Chinese brands,________ their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江苏,21) A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.developing 答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。“________their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语,修饰整个句子。句子主语many Chinese brands与动词develop之间是主动关系,且句中有延续性的时间状语over centuries,这里应该用现在分词的完成式表示主动和延续性的动作,因此选A。 2.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.(2017·北京,27) A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved 答案 C 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们宝贵的时间。不定式短语to save their valuable time在句中作目的状语。 3.The national park has a large collection of wildlife,________ from butterflies to elephants. (2017·北京,30) A.ranging B.range C.to range D.ranged 答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作定语。句意为:国家公园有一大批野生生物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from...to...从……到……(的范围)。a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式。 4.Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time ____ with his students.(2017·北京,32) A.to spend B.spend C.spending D.spent 答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。time与spend之间是被动关系,故此处用过去分词形式。 5.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train ________.(2017·天津,10) A.catching B.caught C.to catch D.to be caught 答案 C 解析 考查不定式作定语。句意为:整个会议期间,我一直在看时间,因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知,此处表示将要发生的动作,且catch与a train是动宾关系,故用动词不定式作定语,用主动形式表被动意义。 6.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,________ more patients to be treated.(2017·天津,14) A.being allowed B.allowing C.having allowed D.allowed 答案 B 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为:医院最近获得了新的医疗设备,从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语,故选B项。 7.In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work. (2016·江苏,28) A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden 答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意为:在艺术评论中,你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系,故要用过去分词作后置定语。 8.________ it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.(2016·北京,26) A.Made B.Make C.Making D.To make 答案 D 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:为了更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好把这张名片卡放在手边。由本句话的后半句可知,make的逻辑主语为you,you与make之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,结合句意可知,非谓语动词在这里作目的状语,故选D。 9.________ over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京,28) A.Ordering B.To order C.Having ordered D.Ordered 答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作状语。句意为:那些书一周前已经预定了,现在有望随时到货。 order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故选D。 10.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,________ air conditioning unnecessary.(2016·天津,4) A.making B.to make C.made D.being made 答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意为:凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要吹空调了。题中swept是谓语动词,所以make只能用非谓语动词形式;句子主语the cooling wind与make是主动关系,故用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。 11.To return to the problem of water pollution,I’d like you to look at a study ________ in Australia in 2012.(2016·浙江,10) A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted 答案 D 解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为:为了再讨论一下水污染的问题,我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知,句中没有连词,所以空处用非谓语动词,且 a study和 conduct 构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。 12.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_______with students.(2016·浙江,19) A.working B.work C.to work D.worked 答案 A 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为:航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。题干中的do指代前面的have fun,have fun doing sth.做某事很开心,是固定搭配,故选A。 13.Much time ________ sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015·江苏,24) A.being spent B.having spent C.spent D.spending 答案 C 解析 考查独立主格结构。句意为:长时间坐在办公桌前,办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系,故用过去分词形式。 14.________ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015·天津,8) A.To work B.Worked C.To be working D.Having worked 答案 D 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:工作了两天后,史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。work与其逻辑主语Steve之间为主谓关系,故要用现在分词形式;同时work的动作发生在谓语动作managed to finish之前,故要用完成时。 15.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,________ whether to stay or leave.(2015·湖南,30) A.wondering B.wonder C.to wonder D.wondered 答案 A 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:那名店员看到一张友善的脸,脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹,这时她愣在了那里,琢磨着是走还是留。句子的主语she与wonder之间是主动关系,且wonder与主句动作stood是同时发生的,故用现在分词作伴随状语。 16.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students________ what is bothering them. (2015·湖南,34) A.to talk over B.talked over C.talk over D.having talked over 答案 A 解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为:有时对我的同学来说我充当了听众的角色,以便与他们详细聊一聊正在困扰他们的事情。本句用动词不定式作目的状语。 17.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2015·重庆,11) A.used B.having used C.using D.use 答案 C 解析 考查现在分词短语作状语。句意为:就像古时候的水手一样,鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境,use与其逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系,且use表示的动作与主句谓语动作find同时发生。故用v.-ing形式的一般式。 18.Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it __________ live is quite another. (2015·浙江,18) A.perform B.performing C.to perform D.being performed 答案 D 解析 考查现在分词作补足语。句意为:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系,且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐,故应用being performed作宾语补足语。 19.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother________ good care of at home.(2015·陕西,18) A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken 答案 B 解析 考查过去分词作补足语。句意为:李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语可以是do,doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作发生的全过程,用省略to的动词不定式,即do;若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作正在进行,用doing;若宾语与补语之间是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系,故选B项。 20.________the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015·安徽,27) A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Having ignored 答案 B 解析 考查现在分词短语作主语。句意为:忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从will be one of the worst mistakes you make来看,will的前面部分是主语,因此用v.-ing短语作主语。分词的完成式不能作主语。 一、常考考点 1.在“句子,非句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语 The teacher devoted his life to his career,making most of his students successful in study. 这位老师把他的一生都奉献给了他的事业,使他的大部分学生在学习上取得了成功。 2.在“非句子,句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语 Having worked with children,I know what is needed most. 和孩子一起工作后,我知道什么是最需要的。 3.在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词 With her baby sleeping on her back,the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house. 这位妇女在打扫富人的房子,她的孩子正睡在她的背上。 4.在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear...等使役动词或感官动词后面作宾语补足语时,也可能用非谓语动词 His sister was made to cry by his taking away her toy. 他拿走了妹妹的玩具,把妹妹弄哭了。 二、易错点梳理 1.表面上考分词,实际上考形容词的情况 The man won a big prize,surprised and happy. 他中了大奖,又惊喜又快乐。 句中surprised形式上是过去分词,但已转化为形容词,在句中作状语(或主语补足语)。 2.在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题 Dressed in a white skirt,the girl looks like an angel. 穿着白色裙子, 这个女孩看上去像天使。 dressed是过去分词,但它没有被动的意思,而表示“穿着”这一主动意义。 3.在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题 Looking tired and weak,the woman should have a day off to see a doctor. 这位妇女看起来又累又虚弱,她应该请一天假去看医生。 look在本题中为感官动词,感官动词在非谓语中用主动表被动。 4.从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题 用逗号隔开的前后两部分的逻辑主语有时一致,有时不一致。逻辑主语不一致时,非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语,从而构成“分词的独立主格结构”。 Seen from this angle,the mountain looks like a face of a man. 从这个角度看,这座山看起来像一个人的脸。 Time permitting,I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 时间允许的话,明天下午我就和你一起去那里。 5.在“and/or/but+句子”的并列句结构中,可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句,四个选项表面上像非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。 Study hard or you will fail in the exam. 努力学习,否则你会考试不及格的。 1.Many natural disasters took place across the country,________ severe losses on people’s life and property.(2017·南通一模,28) A.to have brought B.only bringing C.only to bring D.having brought 答案 B 解析 句意为:很多自然灾害发生在全国各地,结果给人们的生命和财产带来了严重的损失。根据语境可知,设空处应为结果状语。only to do作结果状语时,表示出乎意料的结果,不符合本题语境;自然灾害的发生造成生命财产的损失是自然而然的结果,应用现在分词,故选B项。 2.“President Xi and Saudi Arabian King’s talks,” the spokesman continued,“ ________ to several hot issues,witness the friendship of the two countries.”(2017·华庚中学测试,31) A.refer B.referring C.having referred D.referred 答案 B 解析 句意为:发言人继续说道,“习主席和沙特阿拉伯国王提及几个热点问题的会谈见证了两国的友谊。” 根据语境和句子结构可知,此处应是非谓语动词作定语修饰talks,talks与refer to...之间存在主动关系,用现在分词作定语,故选B项。 3.The Three-Body Problem has quickly become the best-selling Asian work of literature on Amazon.com,________ that China also has a successful science fiction scene. (2017·宿迁青华中学月考,29) A.proving B.to prove C.to be proved D.will prove 答案 A 解析 句意为:《三体》迅速成为亚马逊网站上最畅销的亚洲文学作品,这证明中国也有成功的科幻小说。proving that...是现在分词短语作结果状语,其逻辑主语是前面的整个句子。故选A。 4.To the couple’s great surprise,the house was in a mess as if ________. (2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,23) A.breaking into B.having broken into C.broken into D.being broken into 答案 C 解析 句意为:令这对夫妇非常吃惊的是,屋子里一片狼藉,仿佛被强行闯入过。分析句子成分可知,主语the house与break into之间为被动关系,即the house was in a mess as if (it was) broken into,故选C项。 5.—What’s the matter with Tim? —Oh,Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally,never ________ again. (2017·宿迁青华中学月考,24) A.to find B.to be found C.finding D.being found 答案 B 解析 句意为:——Tim怎么了?——噢,他的手机不小心忘在出租车上,再也找不回来了。Tim’s cell phone和find之间是被动关系,且find的动作在谓语动词动作之后,故用动词不定式的一般被动式,故答案为B。 6.In a diverse society,one would expect ________ multiple interpretations of rights. (2017·启东中学月考,32) A.it being B.it to be C.there being D.there to be 答案 D 解析 句意为:在一个多样化的社会,一个人总是期望对于权利有多种解释。此处考查的是expect一词的非谓语动词用法,即sb.expect sb.to do sth.以及其与there be句式的混合考法,即生成expect there to be的复合结构。故选D项。 7.The water was now two feet deep,making it difficult,if not impossible,________ the car out.(2017·南京九中模拟,22) A.getting B.got C.to get D.get 答案 C 解析 句意为:水现在有两英尺深,即使有可能,也很难把汽车弄出来。动词不定式作真正的宾语,it是形式宾语,difficult是补足语,故答案为C。 8.Adapted versions of foreign shows have gained massive audiences,thus ________ more Chinese television groups to buy foreign materials.(2017·南京学情调研,28) A.to inspire B.inspiring C.inspired D.having inspired 答案 B 解析 句意为:根据外国的节目改编的版本获得了大量的观众,从而激励更多的中国电视集团购买国外的素材。分析句子成分可知,逗号前面为主句,其后为非谓语动词作结果状语。结合句意以及thus可知空格处表示自然而然的结果,故选B项。 9.The white building,________ threats to pull it down,is now a private house in the possession of a retired professor.(2017·南通如皋联考,11) A.to survive B.survived C.surviving D.having survived 答案 D 解析 句意为:在险些被拆除后,那栋白色建筑现在是一位退休教授的私人房屋。根据句意可知,空格处为非谓语动词作时间状语。the white building与survive之间应为主动关系且survive先于句子谓语动作发生,故用现在分词的完成式作状语,相当于after引导的时间状语从句,故选D项。 10.Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the government,the rest ________ from the coming charity concerts. (2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模,31) A.to be collected B.having been collected C.being collected D.to have been collected 答案 A 解析 句意为:大多数重建那个遭受地震破坏的城镇的钱已由政府募集,余下的将来自即将到来的慈善音乐会的募捐。根据句子结构可知,逗号后不能构成句子,应用独立主格结构。the rest与collect之间存在被动关系;根据the coming charity concerts可知,余下的钱将通过音乐会被募捐,应用动词不定式的被动结构,故选A项。 11.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices ________ in the world.(2017·镇江期末,28) A.heard B.having heard C.hearing D.to be heard 答案 A 解析 句意为:女性值得被有尊严地对待,她们应该让她们的呼声被世界听到。根据句子结构可知,空格处为宾补,make后常用不带to的不定式作宾补,排除D项;宾语voices与hear之间为被动关系,应用过去分词heard,故选A项。 12.A wise mother will never get herself into the state of her children ________ to the slightest possibility of danger.(2017·泰州中学摸底考试,26) A.exposed B.exposing C.being exposed D.to be exposed 答案 C 解析 句意为:明智的母亲决不会让她的孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。介词of后跟动名词作宾语,her children是动名词的逻辑主语,且her children和expose之间是被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,所以正确答案为C。 13.Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation,________ heart rate and oxygen consumption.(2017·南京三模,25) A.increasing B.to increase C.having increased D.being increased 答案 A 解析 句意为:笑会使心脏功能和血液循环产生短期的变化,增加心率和氧气的消耗。根据语境和句子结构可知,设空处应是非谓语动词作结果状语,increase带有宾语,为主动形式,此处应用现在分词表示自然而然的结果,故选A项。 14.—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California? —It implies that drug users find themselves ________ in a prison from which they cannot escape.(2017·苏州调研,28) A.to be trapped B.having trapped C.trapped D.trapping 答案 C 解析 句意为:——你能告诉我《加州旅馆》这首歌中的“你随时可以退房,但你永远无法离去”这句歌词是什么意思吗?——它暗示了吸毒者发现他们自己被困在了一个他们无法逃脱的监狱里。分析句子成分可知,themselves与trap之间为被动关系,故选C项。 15.—Sharon,why is the man so upset now? —His wallet,mobile phone and ID card ________,the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,27) A.was stolen B.stolen C.being stolen D.having stolen 答案 B 解析 句意为:——Sharon,为什么那个人现在那么沮丧?——他的钱包、手机和身份证都被偷了,警察正在调查而且要把他送到社会救助站。根据句子结构可知,设空处所在部分为独立主格结构,his wallet,mobile phone and ID card与steal之间存在被动关系。being stolen表示正在被偷,与题意不符,应该是已经被偷了,故选B项。 16.________ a record-breaking seven Golden Globes,the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.(2017·南京、盐城二模,33) A.Winning B.Won C.Having won D.To win 答案 C 解析 句意为:在获得了破纪录的七个金球奖之后,音乐剧《爱乐之城》却出人意料地没有吸引中国的观众。根据句子结构可知,此处表示的动作先于句子谓语动作发生,即赢得奖项在先,不吸引中国观众在后。having won为现在分词的完成式,此处作时间状语,表示动作先于谓语动作发生,故选C项。 17.—What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director? —________ quite a lot of time with other people.(2017·苏北六市联考,29) A.Spending B.Having spent C.To spend D.To have spent 答案 A 解析 句意为:——Nicky作为公共关系总监要做什么事呢?——花很多时间和别人在一起。第二个说话人针对问题中的what进行回答,空格处应用动名词短语,故选A项。 18.________ on the cyberspace issue in a speech at a welcoming dinner in Seattle,Xi Jinping called on all countries to cooperate and draw up Internet policies corresponding with their national conditions.(2016·苏州一模,26) A.Touched B.Touching C.Touch D.To touch 答案 B 解析 句意为:在西雅图的欢迎宴会的讲话中习近平谈及网络空间的问题时,他号召所有国家合作制定与国情相符的网络政策。句子主语Xi Jinping与touch on(谈及,涉及)之间存在主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。 19.There are always some obstacles in the way,something ________ before we realize the real goal of education.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,26) A.to be got through B.got through C.getting through D.having been got through 答案 A 解析 句意为:总有一些障碍在挡路,一些我们实现真正的教育目标前需要克服的东西。根据句子结构可知,这里需要非谓语动词作定语修饰something,get through意为“克服”, something与get through间为被动关系;根据句意可知,“实现真正的教育目标”是将来的事,因此“需要克服的东西”也在将来,故选A。 20.—A new bridge is reported ________ across the river in your hometown. —Yes,and it brings us great convenience. A.to be building B.to be built C.to have built D.to have been built 答案 D 解析 句意为:——据报道一座新桥已经被建造在你家乡的那条河上。——是的,它给我们带来很大的便利。根据答句的时态可知,桥已经被建造好,故设空处应用完成式,又因为bridge与build之间是动宾关系,故应用动词不定式的完成被动式。故选D项。查看更多