专题01 名词主谓一致和冠词备战高考英语之纠错笔记系列解析版

专题01 名词主谓一致和冠词备战高考英语之纠错笔记系列解析版

易错点1 望词生义 ‎1. —Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?‎ ‎ — Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.‎ A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick ‎【错因分析】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。由后文的回答可以推断本题答案，＂我只是按照食谱上说明书（做蛋糕）＂，那么前面问的肯定是＂你做蛋糕有啥技巧呀？＂再根据初步判断去看选项，B、C可以排除，A和D可能拿捏不准，尤其是D,考生可能会想到play tricks,认为是＂把戏＂的意思，就错选成A了。但是A仅仅有＂特征＂之意，D在此由＂把戏＂被转化为＂技巧＂，类似于tips。‎ ‎【参考答案】 D ‎ 同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。‎ 名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。如近几年高考中常出现的：[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]‎ ‎(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(声誉)；contribution(贡献)；civilization(文明)‎ ‎(2)accommodation(住宿)；occupation(职业)；adaptation(适应，改编)；appreciation(欣赏)‎ ‎1.Her_____ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.‎ A. motivation B. qualification ‎ C. talent D. technique ‎【解析】 A项表示＂动力，激励＂；B项为＂资格＂；C项是＂才能，天赋＂；D项表示＂技巧＂。句意上＂她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利＂。故选A。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎ ‎【名师点睛】A、B形式相近，容易让考生迷惑，不知意思。C、D读音较为相近，又让考生犯疑惑了。此时就分析题目，抓住题干中的＂desire＂，把题干简化为Her_____ for writing was a desire，这样看来，其实就在考查desire的近义词，下面哪个选项意为＂渴望、心愿＂就是正确答案。多角度解题是考生致胜的关键。‎ 易错点2 主谓一致错误 ‎2. It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.‎ ‎ A. is; takes B. are; takes ‎ C. are; take D. is; take ‎【错因分析】 此题易错选D，关键是第二空的主语容易弄混，因此误选答案D。‎ ‎【参考答案】A ‎1.如果主语有more than one很多 非常，或many a许多，构成，one and a half与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。‎ ‎2.each作主语或修饰主语时 ‎ ‎1)单独用作主语(或修饰主语)，谓语用单数：‎ Each student has his own desk. 每个学生都有自己的课桌。 ‎ Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个男孩进来，每人提着一只箱子。 ‎ ‎【注意】 ‎ ‎(1) 两个或多个＂each+单数名词＂结构并列作主语时，谓语用单数。 (2) ＂each of+复数名词或代词＂用作主语，谓语一般要用单数 Each of them was deeply frightened. 他们个个都惊恐万分。 ‎ 但是在非正式文体中(尤其是当 each of之后的名词较长时)偶尔也可用复数谓语，但很少见，学生宜慎用。 ‎ ‎2)each 用于复数名词后作同位语 此时谓语动词用复数： ‎ They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。 ‎ ‎4. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样，作主语的时候, 其谓语动词单复数由上下文决定(尤其注意其前的修饰语)，这一类名词有： means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。‎ ‎5. kind＂种类＂作主语 ‎ ‎6. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如: ‎ Between the two windows hangs a picture. ‎ ‎7.＂分数或百分数+名词＂构成的短语以及 由＂ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词＂构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。‎ ‎8. 表时间长度、钱数、速度等的词组作主语，此时通常将其视为整体，谓语用单数。学科@网 ‎2. All we need ________a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.‎ A.are B. was C. is D. were ‎【答案】C 易错点3 误用冠词 ‎3.I couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at ______ church.‎ A. a, the B. a,不填 C.不填, a D.不填,不填 ‎【错因分析】容易误选 D，因为星期名词前不加冠词；而 at church表示在教堂里做礼拜，其中也不用冠词。‎ ‎【参考答案】B 冠词的考查一直以来是一个易错点，虽然冠词只有3个(a , an, the) 但是麻雀虽小五脏俱全，考查起来往往会弄错。名词第一次出现或泛指时，冠词用a/an，，但名词的首字母是（A、E、I、O、U）发音时，用an, 如：apple, English, important, operation, unusual, 特殊的有umbrella, hour, honest用an, university, unique, usual 用 a。‎ 名词第二次出现用the；①强调特指时用the；②the + 最高级，③ the + 形容词（rich 富人, poor穷人, wounded伤者, dead死者, elderly长者）表某一类人 ④the+比较级（the more .. the better）⑤the +序数词 （表顺序）；'a+ 序数词 （表＂又，再＂），⑥固定搭配 (in the way 挡道)‎ 另外也需要注意零冠词的情况。零冠词用法归纳：独一职位在某地，用作表/补/同位语；独立主格作状语，用by短语表方式；man字一词指人类，对比含义两名词；系词turn+名单数，街/路/期刊与杂志；具体意义变抽象，as/though之倒装句；人名/地名/国一词，抽象/物质不特指；桥名/单岛/单山峰，一专加一普专用词；月份/星期/节假日，学科/语言/称呼语；颜色/病名/五感觉，棋类/球类/三餐词；复数名词系泛指，固定词组惯用语；以上情况请记住，其前均用零冠词。‎ ‎3. more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.‎ A. The ; the B. A; a ‎ C. The ; a D. A; the ‎ ‎【解析】句意：一个人越有学识，他就越可能更谦虚。使用the +比较级+主谓， the +比较级+主谓的句型，所以选A。‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【名师点睛】冠词的考查集中在the表示特指；a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠词的一些固定搭配中冠词的使用。这里用的是：the +比较级+主谓， the +比较级+主谓的句型，学生在平时应该多积累这些包含冠词的短语和句型。‎ 易错点4序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词 ‎4.His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade.‎ A．/；a；the B．the；the；a C．/；the；a D．a；the；the ‎【错因分析】 此题涉及序数词，很多学生误以为序数词a前都要用定冠词the，因此易错选答案。‎ ‎【参考答案】 A 序数词前用不定冠词而不用定冠词the的情况：‎ ‎1．泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。‎ A teacher shouldn't talk like that.教师不应当那样讲话。‎ ‎2．用于序数词前表示＂又一＂＂再一＂。用于形容词最高级前意为＂很，非常＂。‎ We'll have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次。[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]‎ He is a most wise man.他是一个十分明智的人。‎ ‎3．用于具体化了的抽象名词前。‎ He was a success in business.他是事业成功人士。‎ ‎4．在专有名词前表示＂某一个＂＂类似的一个＂。‎ A Mr. Smith wants to see you.一位史密斯先生想见你。‎ ‎5．用于of短语中表示＂同一＂(＝the same)。‎ Tom and Kate are of an age.汤姆与凯特同岁。‎ ‎4. more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.‎ A. The ; the B. A; a ‎ ‎ C. The ; a D. A; the ‎ ‎【解析】句意：一个人越有学识，他就越可能更谦虚。使用the +比较级+主谓， the +比较级+主谓的句型，所以选A。‎ ‎【答案】A 易错点5 名词的一词多义与熟词新义 ‎5. —Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?‎ ‎—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.‎ A. strength B. talent ‎ B. ability C. skill ‎【错因分析】 很多考生不知道此题该选择哪一个，关健问题是弄不清楚strength的词义。‎ ‎【参考答案】A ‎ 名词的一词多义与熟词新义是考查的重点和难点，因此在复习过程中，要注意学会在语境中掌握同义词的细微差别，全面掌握词汇的多层含义。如interest既要知道它有＂兴趣，趣味＂的意思，又要知道它的另一层意思：＂利益；好处＂。‎ The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.‎ ‎ A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance ‎ ‎【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】D 一、疑难名词比较与辨析 ‎1.force; energy; strength; power force表示＂力、力量＂的意思。指为做或实现某事而实际运用的力量。‎ He overcame his bad habits by force of will.毅力使他克服了自己身上的不良习惯。‎ Those people are the progressive forces in the society. 这些人是社会的进步力量。‎ energy主要强调＂精力＂，指用来做某事或完成某事的能力。还可以指＂能源＂。‎ Young people usually have more energy than the old. 青年人通常此老年人精力充沛。‎ Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of energy. 很多国家正在提高天然气、风以及其他能源形式的利用。‎ strength表示＂力＂的意思。指做事情的--种内在能力。就人而育，着重指力气；就物而言，着重指强度潜力等。‎ He lifted the stone with all his strength.他使出全身力气举起了那块石头。‎ The side man hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed. 那位病人还没有足够的力气下床。‎ power 表示 ＂能力、能量、动力＂的意思。指身体上、心理上和道德上的能力(不管是否发挥出)。‎ Knowledge is power.知识就是力 量。‎ I shall do everything in my power to help you.我将尽我的能力帮助你。学@科网 ‎2.manner; means; method; way manner表示＂方式、方法＂的意思。指个人喜欢采用的方式。‎ The manner of their meeting makes a good story. 他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。‎ He has developed his own manner of acting. 它形成了自己独特的演出风格。‎ means表示＂方法、手段 、工具＂的意思。‎ Students sometimes support themselves by means of evening job. 学生有时通过晚上打工的方法来养活自己。‎ The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的旅行工具是飞机。‎ Have you the means to support a family? 你有维持家的方法没有?‎ method指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象概念的原理。‎ His idea is all right, but he lacks method.他的想法不错，但是缺少方法。‎ He is a man of method.他是个有条理的人。‎ method of teaching 教学方法 method of study 学习方法 Roasting is one method of cooking meat. 烤是做肉的一种方法。‎ way是最通用的词，也是最不正式的词，本义是＂通道、通路＂，引申作＂方式、方法＂讲，含义很广。‎ In this way over several days, the artist and his mice became friends. 就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。‎ Look ! Work on it in this way. 看!像这样搞它。‎ My parents always let me have my own way of living.‎ ‎3.cost; price; value; worth; expense cost表示＂成本、费用＂的意思。 原指生产某种物品的成本 ，包括生产中所支付的原料和劳动。一般要低于售价，有时也可用来泛指价格。也可用于借喻，指所付出的代价，甚至生命。‎ As a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90%. 因此，成本将会降低90% 之多。‎ China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper. 《中国日报》刊登大量广告有助于降低报纸生产的成本。‎ price表示＂价格、价钱、定价＂的意思。 指经营商品出售的单价，通常要高于商品的出厂成本。也用于借喻，指做某事所付出的代价。‎ Can you try to get them to bring down the price? 你能把价格讲下来吗?‎ They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital. 他们可以在首都以高价出售他们的牛肉。‎ value表示＂价值、价格＂。指我们所估计一件东西的价值，因此是不能 以金钱估价的。‎ Instead, they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone: feeling alone in the modern world, the value of having good friends and so on. 他们现在再一次写常人常事——现代世界中的孤独感及交好朋友的价值等等。‎ The park is good value for the money.公园花这么多钱值得。‎ worth意思是价值。指东西本身的真正价值，是经久不变的，是可贵的。‎ It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它最多值500法郎。‎ He asked me how much this computer was worth. 他问我这台计算机值多少钱。‎ expense意思是＂费用、支出、开销＂，指花费金钱、时间和精力。‎ We travelled to France at our own expense. 我们自费去法国旅行了。‎ Do you know at whose expense your visit to Japan will be?你 知道谁将担负你访问日本的费用吗?‎ ‎4.land; ground; soil; earth land表示＂陆地、土地、地＂，是河流和海洋的相对用语。用于指土地或土壤时，着重指它的性质、用途等。有时泛指大地，也可作＂国家、地产＂讲。‎ The rocky soil has been turned into rich land.岩石地已变成了沃土。‎ But some people don’t want good farm land to be built on. 但是有些人不愿意把好的农田用来修建厂房。‎ To the sea captain’s surprise, he found that land travel could also be quite pleasant. 使那位船长吃惊的是，他发现陆地旅行也很愉快。‎ ground(n. )表示＂地、土地＂的意思。主要指大地表面，也可以指土壤、场地。也可用于借喻指＂根据、理由＂。‎ He learnt how to clean rough ground before planting crops. 他学会了在种植作物之前如何拾掇毛糙的土地。‎ Then the Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground when he was passing it on to the fourth runner.然而，当二班运动员传给第四棒时，接力棒掉在地上了。‎ soil表示＂土壤、土地＂，指可以生长植物且富有有机物的沃土，宜于农耕。‎ When the plants are in the ground, I’ll put some powder on the soil.当植物种到地里时，我将给地里撒些粉剂。‎ He studied how to improve soil conditions.他研究如何改善土壤环境。‎ earth表示＂地、地球、泥土＂，着重指＂大地＂，以别于天空。作＂泥土＂解时，常用于以别于坚硬的岩石。‎ Later, in a few weeks’ time I’ll put the little plants in the earth. 几星期后，我将把小植物埋在泥土里。‎ ‎5.practice; exercise; training; drill practice; exercise; training; drill都表示＂练习、训练＂的意思。‎ training表示＂训练、培养、教练、锻炼＂的意思。一般指对于身体的锻炼、对动物的训练、对士兵的训练等。‎ These football players had no strict training until they joined our club.这些足球队员直到加入我们俱乐部才受到严格的训练。‎ The athlete is in training.这个运动员锻炼得好。‎ The home training of children is the first class social problem. 儿童的家庭教育是社会的头等问题。‎ exercise主要指为提高技巧或业务水平而规定的＂练习或体格锻炼＂。‎ The book contains a series of graded exercises adapted to the use of beginners. 书中有一系列按难易排列的练习适于初学者应用。‎ You need more outdoor exercise.你需要多进行户外运动。‎ practice主要指正规的、有条理的、不断反复的 ＂练习＂或把理论道理贯彻在行动中的 ＂实践＂。‎ More practice will make you speak with greater fluency. 多练习会使你口语更流利。‎ The integration of theory and practice is one of the basic points of Marxism. 理论和实践的统一是马克思主义的基本论点之一。‎ drill表示＂操练、训练＂的意思。一般指严格的训练或反反复复练习或军事上的练兵。‎ Let’s do some pattern drills.咱们做些句型练习吧。‎ The soldiers were at drill in the barrack yard.士兵们在营场上操练。‎ ‎6.sign; signal; mark; symbol sign表示 ＂符号、记号、招牌＂等意思。是最普通的用语，指一个具有公认意义的、简单的、随意制定的代表物。‎ Letters are signs used to represent sounds.字母是用来代表声音的符号。‎ You’ll see the sign for the rest rooms.你将看到休息室的指示牌。‎ signal表示 ＂暗号、信号＂的意思。有时是有意的;有时是无意的。有意的，如强风讯号、求救信号等。‎ There the electrical signal is changed back into sound. 在那儿电信号又变成声音。‎ mark表示 ＂痕迹、记号、商标、特征、分数＂的意思。指印在物品上的记号，可用在好坏两个方面。作动词时，表示＂标明、作记号＂的意思。‎ He got full marks in his maths test. 他在数学测试中得了满分。‎ Each stone was marked with a number. 每个石头上都标明号码。‎ symbol表示 ＂象征＂的意思，特别强调故意用来包含某一特定意义的东西，或故意构成的传达某一特定意义的事物。‎ a good luck symbol 好运气的象征 The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power. 狮子被看作百兽之王，是因为它是勇气与权利的象征。‎ 二、学习冠词的难点 ‎1.在特殊情况下混用a和an ‎　　关于a和an的一般区别，同学们可能比较清楚，也不易搞错，但是对于数字和字母前用该用不定冠词a还是an，则是许多考生可能忽略的问题。如：‎ ‎　　They have an 8-year-old daughter. 他们有一个8岁大的女儿。(数字8在英语中读音与eight同，故其前用an，不用a;类似地，我们要说an 11-year-old child，不能说a 11-year-old boy。)‎ ‎　　Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money. 我们的女儿给我们发来了再要点钱的求救信号。(字母s的读音为[es]，它的第一个音为元音，故其前要用an。)‎ ‎2.＂星期＂名词前冠词的使用问题 ‎　表示＂星期＂的名词(如Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday等)一般不与冠词连用，但有时为了表示＂特指＂可以带定冠词;若表示不确定的＂某一个＂，其前可用不定冠词。如：‎ ‎　　＂When can I have my birthday party?＂ ＂On the Saturday nearest to it.＂ ＂我的生日庆祝会在哪天举行?＂＂就在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧。＂‎ ‎　　Christmas Day falls on a Monday. 今年的圣诞节是星期一。‎ ‎　　You won’t catch me working on a Sunday! 你绝对见不到我在星期日工作!‎ ‎　　He never opens up shop on a Sunday. 星期日他的商店从不营业。‎ ‎　　We had a card from her on the Friday after she got back. 在她回去后的那个星期五我们收到了她的明信片。‎ ‎　　＂When can I have my birthday party?＂ ＂On the Saturday nearest to it.＂ ＂我的生日庆祝会能在哪天举行?＂＂在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧。＂‎ ‎3.＂三餐饭＂前冠词的使用问题 ‎　　一般说来，表示一日三餐的 breakfast, lunch, supper前不用冠词。如：‎ ‎　　Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐一直供应到上午9点。‎ ‎　　Can you manage lunch on Tuesday? 你星期二能来吃午饭吗?‎ ‎　　但是，若要特指某一顿早餐、中餐或晚餐，则可在其前加定冠词。如：‎ ‎　　The supper is well cooked. 晚饭做得很好。‎ ‎　　Thank you for the breakfast. 谢谢你的这顿早餐。‎ ‎　　另外，若 breakfast, lunch, supper 受到描绘性定语的修饰，则其前通常要用不定冠词。如：‎ ‎　　We make a good breakfast before leaving. 我们动身前好好吃顿早饭。‎ ‎　　I’ve got out of the habit of having a cooked breakfast. 我已不再保持早餐吃热食的习惯。‎ ‎　　After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐，他就赶到车站去了。‎ ‎　　We were well primed for the journey with a large breakfast. 为了去旅行, 我们早餐都吃得饱饱的。‎ ‎4.冠词的非前位用法 限定语与所修饰的中心名词的关系一般顺序是：冠词+表示大小尺寸的限定词+表示颜色的限定词+表示原材料的限定词+中心名词。但在某些固定结构中，冠词放在了形容词之后。‎ ‎【锦囊妙计】‎ ‎1.不定冠词用在quite，rather，many，half，what，much等词之后。例如：‎ He is rather a fool.‎ ‎—What did you think of the concert？‎ ‎—Oh，it was quite a success.‎ ‎2.不定冠词用在so（as，too，how）+形容词之后。‎ 例如：She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.‎ It’s too difficult a book for us to read.‎ 注意：以元音音素开头的名词前加不定冠词时用＂an＂。例如：an apple。‎ 即使单词拼写以辅音字母开头，但该词的读音是元音音素开头，加不定冠词时也要用＂an＂，例如：an hour，an honest boy；反之，拼写以元音字母开头，但读音是辅音，加不定冠词时要用＂a＂，例如：a university。‎ ‎3.so…that与such…that:‎ ‎①so…that和such…that都作＂如此……以致＂解，that引导结果状语从句。常见句型如下：‎ so ‎②such…that和so…that有时可以换用，条件是such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词，且该名词还带有表性质的形容词。转变公式如下：such a/an+形容词+名词→so+形容词+a/an+名词。‎ 例如：He is such a good student that we all like him.→He is so good a student that we all like him。‎ 但是，如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词，则只能用such，不能用so修饰。‎ 例如：It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home。‎ ‎③如果复数名词前有many，few，不可数名词前有much，little等表示量的形容词时，应该用so而不用such。‎ 如：I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.‎ Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together（维持生活）。‎ 但little不表示数量而表示＂小＂的意思时，仍用such。‎ 例如：They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves.‎ 三、高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 语法一致 ‎1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ His father is working on the farm.‎ To study English well is not easy.‎ What he said is very important for us all.‎ The children were in the classroom two hours ago. ‎ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.‎ ‎2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。学科@网 Lucy and Lily are twins. ‎ She and I are classmates.‎ The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. ‎ Both she and he are Young Pioneers.‎ ‎3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。‎ Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. ‎ Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.‎ She，like you and Tom，is very tall. ‎ ‎4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。‎ Each of us has a new book.‎ Everything around us is matter.‎ ‎5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。‎ He is one of my friends who are working hard. ‎ He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. ‎ 一致原则 考点详解 例句 语法一致 ‎6.‎ Class Four is on the third floor. ‎ ‎ 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。‎ 这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。‎ Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.‎ 注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.‎ ‎7. 由＂a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名词＂构成的短语以及由＂分数或百分数+名词＂构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。‎ There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. ‎ ‎50% of the students in our class are girls.‎ 注：a number of 与the number of的区别 ‎8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。‎ There comes the bus. ‎ On the wall are many pictures. ‎ Such is the result. Such are the facts. ‎ 逻辑一致 ‎1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。‎ Which is your bag？Which are your bags？‎ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.‎ ‎2. 表示＂时间、重量、长度、价值＂等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。‎ Thirty minutes is enough for the work.‎ Ten miles is too long.‎ ‎3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。‎ ‎＂The Arabian Nights＂ is an interesting story-book.‎ ‎4. 表数量的短语＂one and a half＂后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。‎ One and a half apples is left on the table.‎ 一致原则 考点详解 例句 逻辑一致 ‎5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。‎ Twelve plus eight is twenty.‎ Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.‎ ‎6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。‎ The paper works was built in 1990.‎ I think physics isn‘t easy to study. ‎ ‎7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。‎ My glasses are broken. ‎ The pair of shoes under the bed is his. ‎ ‎8. ＂定冠词the + 形容词或分词＂，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。‎ The old are taken good care of.‎ ‎9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ A large quantity of people is needed here.‎ 注意：quantities一般用复数。‎ Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.‎ ‎10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词，作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时， 谓语动词通常用复数。‎ A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.‎ Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.‎ 就近一致 ‎1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。‎ Either the teacher or the students are our friends.‎ Neither they nor he is wholly right. ‎ ‎2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。‎ There are two chairs and a desk in the room.‎ Here引导的句子用法同上。‎ 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.‎ ‎【巧学妙记】‎ 主谓一致记忆口诀 单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。‎ 如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。‎ 有些名词谓常复，people, police即这般。‎ 主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。‎ many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。‎ or、nor、but also、there be，近主原则挂嘴边。‎ 关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。‎ 不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。‎ 时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，‎ rest，means，following等，意义决定其复、单。‎ none，all，half of等，of之宾语定答案。‎ 还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。‎ 代词all指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。‎ 量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。‎ and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。‎ no，each，every后单名，两种事物一概念。‎ 以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。‎ 形容词带the一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，‎ ‎-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。‎ 代词neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。‎ ‎1.（2019·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2019 66that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).‎ ‎【答案】causes ‎ ‎【解析】考查单复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。‎ ‎2.（2019·全国新课标卷I·短文改错）Last winter when I went here（改为there） again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.‎ ‎【答案】chicken改为chickens ‎【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。‎ ‎3. （2019·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.‎ ‎【答案】Friday’s改为Friday。‎ ‎4. （2019·新课标II卷·短文改错）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.‎ ‎【答案】the改为a ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改为a。‎ ‎5.（2019·新课标卷I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling or swimming.‎ ‎【答案】is ‎【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。‎ ‎6. （2019·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎【答案】effects ‎ ‎【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是＂一些不为人知的副作用＂，根据前文的some可知＂side effect＂(副作用)有很多，故填effects。‎ ‎7. At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics。‎ A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎8. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct________.‎ A. solution          B. target C. measure          D. function ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 句意：学校顾问会帮你梳理一下你的问题，但是他们不会给你任何直接的解决办法。本题考查名词辨析。solution 解决问题的办法；target目标，靶子；measure措施；function功能，作用。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎9.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）— Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?‎ ‎ — Living every day to the full, definitely.‎ A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt 收据，收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为＂秘诀＂，与上下文相符。‎ ‎10.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.‎ ‎【答案】a ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示＂结果＂。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。‎ ‎11.（2019·全国新课标卷II·语法填空）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. ‎ ‎【答案】a ‎【解析】介词短语for a while意为＂一会儿＂，本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑休息一会儿。学科@网 ‎12.Dr.Peter Spence,  ____________headmaster of the school, told us, ________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.  ‎ A. 不填；A            B.不填；The       C. the; The        D. a; A  ‎ ‎【答案】A  ‎ ‎【解析】句意为＂校长Peter Spence告诉我们说，我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。＂headmaster校长，职务前面不加冠词；a fifth表示五分之一。选A。‎ ‎13.（2019·浙江）______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.‎ A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a ‎【答案】D ‎14. more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.‎ A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：一个人越有学识，他就越可能更谦虚。使用＂the +比较级…， the +比较级…＂句型，所以选A。‎ ‎【名师点睛】冠词的考查集中在the表示特指；a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠词的一些固定搭配中冠词的使用。这里用的是：＂the +比较级…， the +比较级…＂句型，学生在平时应该多积累这些包含冠词的短语和句型。‎ ‎15. （2019·天津·单项填空）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.‎ A. regard B. is regarded ‎ C. are regarded D. regards ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。‎ ‎16.So far as I know, a number of the students in our school ___________ from the suburb and the number of them ___________ 500.‎ A. come；is B. comes；are C. comes；is D. come；are ‎【答案】 A ‎ ‎【解析】考查主谓一致。第一空的主语是＂a number of the students in our school＂，指＂许多学生＂，谓语用复数形式；第二空的主语是＂the number of them＂，指＂学生的数量＂，谓语用单数形式。故选A。‎ ‎17.The teacher along with her students ___________ the Palace Museum when we came across her.‎ A. were visiting B. was visiting ‎ C. has visited D. have visited ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎18.（2019·江苏·单项填空）The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Great Expectations是书名，是单数意义，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据＂strengthened＂可知，＂被广泛阅读和得到高度评价＂发生在过去，故选C。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________‎