2012高考英语复习高考英语词汇400题及详解四

2012高考英语复习高考英语词汇400题及详解四

‎　　151. We can't _____ one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time. 　　 A. hope B. wait C. expect D. imagine 　　[答案]C. expert. 　　[注释]expert期望，盼望，表示认为有很大的客观可能性，例如：I expert the work to be finished by Friday.（我期望这项工作能在星期五前做完。）wait for ... to do sth.等待、等待......做......，强调“等”这一动词的本身，如：The audience are waiting eagerly for the performance to begin.(观众正等着演出开始。)本题如改为这样：I waited for him to arrive in time for dinner, but he didn't come.(我等他来赶上晚餐，但他没有来。)则句子使是对的。由此可见，expect是表示“期待”，而wait for 是表示“等待”，词义完全不同。注意hope后不能接sb. to do sth.。imagine being on the moon. 3)I'm sorry, but I can't imagine anyone doing research like that.(很遗憾，我不能想象人家那样做实验。) 　　本题译文：我们不能期望一个人在这样短的时间内改变一辈子养成的习惯。 　　152. It was necessary to _____ the factory building as the company was doing more and more business. 　　 A. extend B. increase C. lengthen D. magnify 　　[答案]A. extend. 　　[注释]本题中extend意为“扩大”‎ ‎。lengthen拉长,延长。magnify放大。 Spread vi. 传播；vt.展开；He spread butter on the toast.(他在烤面包上涂上奶油。) 　　153. I asked the tailor to make a small _____ to my trousers because they were too long. 　　A. change B. variation C. revision D. alteration 　　[答案]D alteration. 　　[注释]alteration 修正，更改，尤指部分的改变。Change改变，变化，可指表面的、本质的、内在的变化。Revision修订、修正，常指文章、词典、剧本等的修改、订正。Variation(形式、位置、条件的)变化、改变、变动：We need some variation in our daily routine.(我们的例行公事需要作些变动。) 　　154. Because of the strong sun Mrs. William's new dining room curtains _____ from dark blue to gray within a year. 　　A. faded B. fainted C. paled D. diminished 　　[答案]A. faded. 　　[注释]fade vt/vi褪色。Faint晕到，变得虚弱：He fainted from hunger. Diminish vt./vi.减少：1)His illness diminished his strength. 2)The campers' food supply diminished as the days wore on.(随着日子的缓缓消逝，野营者的食品供应日益减少。)pale变苍白。 　　155. Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent. _____, I can't speak too highly of him. 　　 A. As a result B. By the way 　　 C. On the whole D. In a word 　　[答案]D. In a word. 　　[注释]in a word(=in short)总之，简言之。 　　本题是测试“过度词”，考生务必根据上下文的逻辑关系来选择适当的过渡词，使句子的意思前后连贯。 　　156. Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to _____ a scientific theory. 　　 A. confirm B. confine C. conform D. conceive 　　[答案]A. confirm. 　　[注释] confirm(=support; make certain; give proof of)证实，确实：1)Please confirm your telephone message in writing.(请把你电话中所说的话再用文字复述一篇。) 2)The king confirmed that the election would be on June 20th.(国王确认，这次选择将于六月二十日举行。)confine...to把......限制于：Please confine your remarks to the subject we are talking about.(请把你的话限止于我们正在谈论的题目。)conform (to)使一致，符合，遵守。Conceive 1)想到，想出：He very quickly conceived a new plan.[注意]conceive of想象:They could not conceive of the possibility of failure.(他们不能想象失败的可能。) 　　157. Political parties often differ in their views on various _____ concerning their own countries. 　　A. ways B. measures C. issues D. patterns 　　[答案]c. issues. 　　[注释]issue此处意为“重大问题”‎ ‎。measure措施，虽然填入本题也说得过去，但不够贴切。pattern模式，图案，图样。与题意不符，不能入选。way 方法，方式。 　　158. _____ his knowledge of the mountainous country, John Smith was appointed as our guide. 　　 A. In spite of B. On account of 　　 C. Regardless of D. Instead of 　　[答案]B. On account of 　　[注释]on account of(=because of)由于，因为。regardless of(=without worrying about)不顾；Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower. 　　159. The lawyer was expected to _____ some proposals after reading all those documents. 　　 A. come up with B. put up with 　　 C. look up to D. keep up with 　　[答案]A. come up with. 　　[注释]come up with提出。参阅Ⅲ ‎，33。注释。Put up with忍受；keep up with跟上，与......保持一致；look up to尊敬。 　　160. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping _____ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth. 　　 A. occasionally B. simultaneously 　　 C. eventually D. directly 　　[答案]A. occasionally. 　　[注释]occasionally 偶尔。参阅IV。137注释。Simultaniously同时地； directly直接 　　161. In my opinion, you can widen the _____ of these improvements through your active participation. 　　 A. dimension B. volume C. magnitude D. scope 　　[答案]D. scope. 　　[注释]scope(=the area within the limits of a questions, subject ect. ; range)(活动)范围，机会，余地：The politics of a country would be outside the scope of a book for tourists.(一个国家的政治不属于旅游手册的内容范围之内。) 　　dimension尺寸，尺度；magnitude大小，数量；volume体积。均不切题，不能入选。 　　本题译文：依我看，通过你的积极参与，你能够扩大这些改进措施的范围。 　　162. The noise was so _____ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it. 　　 A. dim B. soft C. faint D. gentle 　　[答案]c. faint. 　　[注释]faint(=weak, indistinct; not clear)“微弱的，模糊的，不清楚的”‎ ‎。Dim(=not bright, not clearly to be seen)不亮的，看不清的；the dim light of a candle(微弱的烛光)。 　　163. If he refuses to _____ my plan, I can probably find someone more cooperative. 　　 A. put up with B. fall in with 　　 C. do away with D. get along with 　　[答案]B. fall in with. 　　[注释]fall in with(=agree to)同意：Is it true that you have fallen in with them?(你真的同意他们的意见吗？)put up with忍受。do away with废除；杀死。get along with进行，进展；相处。 　　本题译文：如果他不肯同意我的计划，我或许能找一个更能合作的人。 　　164. Some people either _____ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them. 　　A. violently B. sincerely C. properly D. deliberately 　　[答案]D. deliberately. 　　[注释]deliberately(=on purpose)故意地。Sincerely真诚地；violently强暴的，激烈的，暴力引起的。properly 1)好好地，恰当地；She never makes any attempt to clean it properly.(她从来也不打算好好地把它擦干净。) 2)严格地：Properly speaking, a whale is not a fish.(严格地说，鲸鱼不是鱼。) 　　165. Her skirt had been so _____ in packing that she had to iron it before going out. 　　 A. faded B. torn C. dirty D. crushed 　　[答案]D. crushed. 　　[注释]crush把......弄皱。因为后半句中iron指“熨平”，所以不能选其他答案了。 　　166. His landlady gave him a week's _____ to leave the flat. 　　 A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution 　　[答案]B. notice. 　　[注释]notice预先通知（尤用雇主、雇员或房东、房客之间）：give one's employee a month's notice (通知雇员一个月后离职)。 　　本题译文：他的女房东通知他一周后从套间搬走。 　　167. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, _____ at the other store. 　　A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones 　　[答案]D. the ones 　　[注释]代词one可以用来替代前面提到过的名词，以避免重复。如果它替代的名词是复数，则用ones。本题中它代替refrigerators；因特指，故用the ones. 　　168. When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above _____. 　　A. average B. ordinary C. regular D. normal 　　[答案]D. normal 　　[注释]normal正常的；ordinary普通的；usual平常的；regular有规律的，定期的。 　　169. With the change of the economic foundation the entire immense superstructure is _____ rapidly transformed. 　　A. anything but B. more or less C. at large D. any more 　　[答案]B. more or less. 　　[注释]more or less 或多或少地；anything but根本不；at large大体上；逍遥法外；详细地。 　　本题译文：随着经济基础的改变，整个庞大的上层建筑也或多或少地发生变革。 ‎ ‎ 　　170. The author of the report is well _____ with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years. 　　A. acquainted B. informed C. enlightened D. advised 　　[答案]A. acquainted. 　　[注释]be acquainted with熟悉，be well informed of(about)对......消息灵通。可见，此题中应用acquainted,因为后面地介词是with. 　　171. It is clear that the whole world is passing through a social revolution in which a central _____ must be taken by scientists and technologists. 　　 A. process B. attention C. measure D. part 　　[答案]D. part. 　　[注释]take part in参加。 　　本题译文：显然，整个世界正经历着一场社会革命；科学家和技术人员必定是这场革命地主要参加者。 　　172. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more _____. 　　 A. at length B. at last C. at stake D. at ease 　　[答案]C. at stake. 　　[注释]at stake(=to be won or lost; risked, depending upon the result of sth.)在危险中；利害攸关；His life itself was at stake.(他的生命本身濒临危险。); at last最终；at length详细地；at ease安详，自在，随便，不拘束：She knew he was not at ease.(她知道，他并不自在。) 　　本题译文：农民们比城里人更渴望鱼，因为雨水对农民来说关系更大。 　　173. When the big bills for mother's hospital care came, father was glad he had money in the bank to _____. 　　 A. fall short of B. fall through 　　 C. fall back on D. fall in with 　　[答案]C. fall back ‎ on. 　　[注释]fall back on求助于。参阅Ⅲ.48注释。 　　Fall short of没达到，低于：1)He fell short of what we had expected.(他没有达到我们的期望。) 2)The measures proposed fall far short of what is required.(所提出的这些措施远没达到需要的 目标。)Fall in with与......一致，符合；同意，赞成，支持。Fall through落空。参阅Ⅲ.49注释。 　　本题译文：母亲在医院就医的各种帐单送来时，父亲高兴的是他可用银行里的存款来支付。 　　174. These plastic flowers look so _____ that many people think they are real. 　　A. beautiful B. natural C. artificial D. similar 　　[答案]B. natural. 　　[注释]natural自然的，与后半句“许多人认为它们是真的”相呼应。 　　175. The managing director promised that he would _____ me as soon as he had any further information. 　　 A. communicate B. notice C. notify D. note 　　[答案]C. notify. 　　[注释]notify通知。Notice n.通知；v.注意到；note n.笔记；v.记下，摘下。‎ ‎176. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _____ to visit London on business.‎ ‎　　A. opportunity B. possibility C. occasion D. chance 　　[答案]C. occasion 　　[注释] occasion 作可数名词时，意为“时机”，作不可数名词时，意为“必要”，本题中occasion意为“必要”‎ ‎。从句语法结构上看，本句中用opportunity(难得的)机会，chance（偶然的）机会均可，但按逻辑意思，应用occasion. 　　177. The most important _____ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people. 　　 A. element B. spot C. sense D. point 　　[答案]D. point. 　　[注释]point(=chief idea of sth. said, done, or planned)要点；论点，主旨：I don't see your point.(我不明白你的意思。)He said nothing to the point.(他说的不切题。) 　　178. It has always been the _____ of our firm to encourage workers to take part in social activities. 　　A. plan B. campaign C. procedure D. policy 　　[答案]D. policy. 　　[注释]policy(尤指政党、政府、大企业、商行等的)政策，方针。Campaign(政治或竞选的)运动；（军事的）行动，procedure做事的手续、程序，rule规则，plan计划，均不合题意。 　　本题译文：本公司的一贯方针是鼓励工人参加社会活动。 　　179. The climbers _____ their ambition by reaching the summit of the mountain. 　　A. obtained B. sustained C. maintained D. realized 　　[答案]D. realised. 　　[注释]realise sth. by doing sth. else通过做......来实现.......。 　　180. I remember her face but I cannot _____ where I met her. 　　A. recall B. remind C. remember D. remark 　　[答案]A. recall. 　　[注释]recall(=bring back to the mind)想起，回忆起：But I really cann't recall your name at his moment. 　　Remind sb. of ...使......想起：1)The photo reminds me of my late father.(这张照片使我想起已故的父亲。) 2)The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.Remind sb. to sth.提醒......做......；Please remind me to write the letter. 　　181. He has left his book here on _____, so that you can read it. 　　 A. purpose B. intention C. aim D. meaning 　　[答案]A. purpose. 　　[注释]on purpose是介词习语，意为“故意地”‎ ‎。如用intention,则应说by intention故意地。 　　182. The magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. 　　 A. by accident B. on occasion 　　 C. at random D. on an average 　　[答案]C. at random. 　　[注释]at random(=without aim or purpose)随便地，胡乱地：His clothes were scattered about the room at random. 　　By accident意外地；on occasion偶尔；on an average平均计算。 　　183. The open university was started in order to help those who _____ having a university education when they were young. 　　 A. stopped B. failed C. missed D. ceased 　　[答案]C. missed. 　　[注释]miss doing sth.没有做某事：I missed seeing the film when it was shown at school.(学校放映那部电影时，我没有能去看。) 　　184. His _____of the aeroplane was correct in every detail and could really fly. 　　 A. shape B. pattern C. design D. model 　　[答案]D. model. 　　[注释]model此句中意为“（飞机的）模型”。 　　185. If you _____ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want. 　　 A. conduct B. dismiss C. grant D. moderate 　　[答案]D. moderate. 　　[注释]moderate(=make or become less violent or extreme)节制，缓和，减轻。 　　186. Don't _____ the news to the public until we give you the go-ahead ‎ (许可，准许). 　　 A. release B. discard C. relieve D. retain 　　[答案]A, release. 　　[注释]release(=allow news to be published)发布（新闻）：Details of the scheme have not yet been released to the public.(这项计划的细节尚未向公众发布。)relieve 1)减轻（痛苦，紧张情绪等）：What will relieve a headache? This will help to relieve our hardship. 2)使放心，使宽慰：The good news relieved us, for we had been very anxious. 3)赈济，救济：The fund is for relieving distress among the flood victims. 4)relieve...from(of)解除，免除； a. This medicine will help to relieve you from your pain. b. He was relieved of his duties.retain(= keep; continue to have or hold)保持，继续保有：1)She retains a clear memory of her schooldays. 2)You must retain your tickets. 　　187. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause _____ of vegetables in the coming days. 　　A. rarity B. scarcity C. invalidity D. variety 　　[答案]B. scarcity. 　　[注释]scarcity(=the state of being scarce)缺乏；不足（指原本充足之物暂时在数量上的缺乏）。例如：The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.(水果的供应不足是干旱所引起的。)rarity(=sth. uncommon, unusual or sth. valued because rare)珍稀，稀少：Snow is a rarity around the equator.(雪在赤道周围是罕见之物。)invalidity(=making weak by illness; not suitable for use)无效性，丧失工作能力。Variety(=difference of condition or quality)变化，多样化。 　　本题译文：目前席卷这一地区的暴风雨今后肯定会引起蔬菜短缺。 　　188. Jack almost fell off the cliff, but managed to _____ until help came. 　　 A. keep on B. catch on C. count on D. hang on 　　[答案]D. hang on. 　　[注释]hang on(=hold fast, keep hold)牢牢抓住，抓紧不放：Help! I can't hang on much longer.(救命啊！我支持不住啦。)keep on(doing sth.)继续（做......）；catch on 理解；count on 指望，依赖。 　　本题译文：杰克差点从悬崖上掉下来，但得以抓住不放直到得救。 　　189. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _____ healthy. 　　A. preserve B. stay C. maintain D.‎ ‎ reserve 　　[答案]B. stay. 　　[注释]preserve, stay, maintain, reserve这4个词均有“保持”，“维持”之意。stay后可接形容词作表语：The weather stayed wet for three days.其他3个词均为及物动词。Preserve(=keep safe from decay, risk, harm, danger, going bad etc.)保存，保护：1)Policemen preserve order in the streets.(警察在街上维持秩序。) 2)We must preserve our natural resources.(我们必须保护自然资源。)3)You paint woodwork to preserve it.(你油漆木制品以防腐烂。)Maintain(=keep up)保持，维持，维修。Reserve(=keep for a special purpose; store)保留，预定：1)I'll reserve my opinion at his time,(这时我将保留我的看法。) 2)I'll phone up today and reserve a room.(我今天将打电话预定一个房间。) 　　本题译文：专家们说，步行是一个人保持健康的最好方法之一。 　　190. Expected noises are usually more _____ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude. 　　 A. manageable B. controllable 　　 C. tolerable D. perceivable 　　[答案]C. tolerable. 　　[注释]tolerable(=fairly good, not too bad)可忍受的：The pain has become tolerable. manageable可处理的；可管理的；controllable可控制的；perceivable可觉察的。 　　本题译文：料想到的嗓音通常情况下比起等量的意外嗓音来说是可以忍受的。 　　191. It isn't so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works _____. 　　 A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all 　　[答案]C. at all. 　　[注释]at all全然，真地（常用于肯定句中）：If you do it at all, do it well.(你若真做，就得做好。)not...at all全不，毫不：He doesn't seem at all interested in my plane.(他似乎对我的计划毫无兴趣。)above all(=most important of all)最重要的。in all总计：We were fifteen in all.(我们总计15人。)after all毕竟，终究。 　　本题译文：他是否努力工作到并不重要，问题是他是否真正地做了。 　　192. Mary had taken _____ to see that her guests had everything that they could possibly want. 　　 A. efforts B. pains C. attempts D.‎ ‎ endeavors 　　[答案]B. pains. 　　[注释]take pains to do sth.下苦功夫做某事：I'm grateful because you have taken pains to show me how to do the work. 　　193. He ate what he could, and gave the _____ of the food to the birds. 　　A. remain B. uneaten C. rest D. part 　　[答案]C. reset 　　[注释]the rest (of)剩余部分，其余。remain作“剩余物”(=what is left)解时常用复数形式，如：the remains of a meal(残羹剩饭)。[ALI]《新英汉辞典》认为也可以用单数，可作参考。 　　194. The government placed _____ on the numbers of foreign cars that could be imported. 　　 A. limitations B. restraint 　　 C. requirements D. restrictions 　　[答案]D. restrictions. 　　[注释]restriction(可数名称)限制性规定：It is a club with rigid restrictions on its membership.Limitation局限性，不足之处，不利之处（可数）：1)I know my limitations.(我了解我的不足之处。) 2)Every from of art has its limitations.（每种艺术形式都有其局限性。） 　　195. We won't know whether it will be successful. We won't know whether there will be good _____. 　　 A. ends B. results C. effects D. causes 　　[答案]B. results. 　　[注释]result意为“由某种活动或某种原因所产生的结果”，如：obtain(=get, attain, gain win, secure)good results（取得好结果），publish the results（公布成绩）。 　　196. No one imagined that the apparently _____ businessman was really a criminal. 　　A. respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respected 　　[答案]B. respectable. 　　[注释]respectable受到尊敬的。详见117.注释。 ‎ ‎ 　　本题译文：没有一个想象到这个看起来令人尊敬的商人竟是一个罪犯。 　　197. At first the institute refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _____ revised. 　　 A. occasionally B. consequently 　　 C. successively D. subsequently. 　　[答案]D. subsequently. 　　[注释]subsequently(=afterwards)随后，其后。 　　198. The speaker _____ several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic. 　　 A. held on B. worked out C. touched on D. kept out of 　　[答案]C. touched on 　　[注释]touch on简单谈到。参阅Ⅲ.178注释。 　　199. Comrade Li Dazhao, _____ librarian of Beijing University, was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party. 　　A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times 　　[答案]B. sometime. 　　[注释]sometime(=former)过去的，以前的：Alice Brown, a sometime pupil of our school, is now a teacher there. 　　200. Alice was very sorry to hear that her grandmother had _____ two days before. 　　 A. broken off B. passed off 　　 C. given away D. passed away 　　[答案]D. passed away. 　　[注释]pass away(=die)死亡，是“死亡”的委婉语。 　　break off中断；give away给掉；泄露；pass off中止，中断。‎