高考英语热点动词和动词词组

高考英语热点动词和动词词组

‎2010年高考英语热点动词和动词词组 概述 ‎ 动词和动词词组的考查是单项填空的重中之重，就2005年高考而言，各省、市试卷涉及动词与动词词组的考题大都占到6—9题之多。主要涉及的考点有：常见动词及动词近义词辨析；及物动词常被误为不及物动词；特定语境中常见动词的基本用法和辨析，如：develop发展——冲洗；meet见面——满足；cover覆盖——涉及等；拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词有：hang(hanged绞死，hung悬挂)；lay(laid, laid)放置；lie(lied, lied)说慌；lie(lay, lain)平卧等。‎ 其中，常见动词及动词近义词辨析是高考动词类的热点问题。‎ 热点1 几个常见的谓语动词 常见动词及其搭配是动词类的热点，非常值得注意。以下归纳几个常见动词，其目的就是要让考生在平时的学习过程中学会不断积累和总结。‎ ‎1.关于make ‎（1）make当“做、制造”解时，可跟双宾语，间接宾语用for 引导。如：‎ He’ll make me a kite.=He’ll make a kite for me.他将给我制作一个风筝。‎ ‎（2）make通常与一些表示动作的名词连用。如：‎ ‎① make a study/trip/promise/movement/statement/dive/request/change/fire/demand/‎ speech/report/face/plan/success/living/difference ‎②make an explanation/experiment/excuse/effect/apology…to sb ‎③ make preparations/progress/room…for sb ‎④ make one’s way/bread tea coffee/up one’s mind/no answer ‎(3)make作使役动词时,表示 “使……做某事、使……成为“，可跟复合结构，其中的宾补可以是：‎ ‎①形容词：They are trying to make our country beautiful.他们在努力使我们的国家变得美丽。‎ ‎②名词：I would make you king over the earth.我会使你灰飞烟灭地球之王。‎ ‎③过去分词：What made him so frightened?什么使他如此害怕？‎ ‎④省去to 的不定式：The boy made faces just to make the other students laugh.‎ 这个男孩做鬼脸只是为了使其他孩子发笑。‎ 注意：make在被动语态中一定要接带to的不定式。如：‎ No one is ever made to be hero.没有天生的英雄。‎ ‎[典例1]The regulations were made_____ children after the accidents.‎ A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. to be protected 解析 B 在句中因为make用的是被动语态，故其后一定要接带to的不定式，作主语补足语。‎ ‎⑤构成：make it +adj. +to do sth./that-clause使（做）某事成为……。‎ ‎[典例2]The manager, ______it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us ,left the meeting room.(2005·江西卷)‎ A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making 解析 B 关于make用法的考查。根据句子结构分析可以判断，主句为：The manager left the meeting room.,中间的部分为分词短语作状语，且动作发生在主句left动作之前，而又并非现在完成时，故排除A。现在分词的完成式先于主句的谓语动词而发生，故选B。‎ ‎（4）make作“制造、组成”时构成的词组，常使用被动语态。‎ ‎①成品+be made of +原料（看得出原料）‎ ‎②成品+be made from+原料（难看或看不出原料）‎ ‎③原料+be made into+成品 ‎④成品+be made by+执行者制造者 ‎⑤成品+be made in+地点 ‎⑥物体组织+be made up of +若干成份 ‎[典例3] The old cottage can be______ temporary(临时的)houses.‎ A. made into B. made of ‎ C. made by D. made in 解析A 此句句意为：这栋旧别墅可以改装成临时住宅。被动词组be made into符合句意。‎ ‎（5）make构成的两个常用词组：‎ ‎①make up(for)弥补，虚构，缝制，化妆，整理等。如：make up jokes编笑话；make up ‎ a poem/a story/a song编诗歌/故事/歌曲。再如：‎ They hurried on to make up for lost time.‎ 他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。‎ The boy made up a story; it was not true.‎ 男孩儿编了个故事，这故事不是真的。‎ She made up her face to look prettier.‎ 她化了妆以便看上去更漂亮些。‎ ‎[典例4]Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ‎ ‎______jokes.(2005·江苏卷)‎ A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up 解析C 动词搭配与辨析。turn up 找到，发现，出现；put up 举起，抬起，进行；show up揭露，露出，露面。而make up jokes为“编笑话”，与句意吻合。‎ ‎②make full/good/the best use of 充分利用。如：‎ We must make the best use of the fine weather.我们必须充分利用这好天气。‎ Let’s make use of this opportunity to practice our spoken English.让我们好好地利用这个机会来练习英语口语。‎ ‎2.关于consider ‎（1）作“考虑”讲时，可跟名词/代词/从句或跟连接代词/副词+to do或跟动名词连用。如：‎ Have you considered how to get there?你考虑过如何去那里了吗？‎ He considered going to see them in prison.他考虑去监狱探试他们。‎ ‎（2）作“认为……，把……当作”讲时，consider+宾语+宾补，作宾补的可以是名词/形容词/不定式（不定式完成式）。如：‎ I consider him to be a fool.我把他当作一个傻子看待。‎ ‎（3）注意结构：consider it + n/ adj. + to do sth.‎ I consider it necessary to study English.我认为学英语很有必要。‎ ‎（4）consider…(as)…表示“把（某人或某物）看作……”。如：‎ Most people considered him as a hero.多数人把他看成一个英雄。‎ ‎[典例5] Many things_____ impossible in the past are common today.‎ A. considering B. to consider C. considered D. being considered 解析C 动词consider的非谓语考查形式。剖析其结构：Many things are common today.为主句。considered 是过去分词短语作定语修饰many things, impossible在被动语态中为主语补足语。适用于“consider+宾语+宾补”结构。故选C ‎3.关于keep ‎（1）keep用作及物动词，表示“使……继续处于某种状态”，其后的宾补可以是：‎ ‎①现在分词 如：Don’t keep your mother waiting.别让你母亲再等。‎ ‎②过去分词 如：His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered.他的衣服像是刚刚拖起来披盖在自己身上的。‎ ‎③副词 如：This helps to keep the cold out.这有助于御寒。‎ ‎④介词短语 如：He kept them in the classroom after school.放学后，他让他们呆在教室里。‎ ‎⑤形容词 如：The nurses keep her very clean.护士们将她整理得非常整法。‎ ‎(2)keep作系动词，意为“保持、继续处于某种状态”。如：keep silent/quiet/cool/fit…‎ ‎(3)keep doing 与keep on doing ‎①表示“决心、毅力、顽强意志力和强调动作的反复”时，多用keep on doing 。‎ 如：Don’t give up hope, keep on trying.别放弃希望，要不断努力。‎ ‎②表示持续状态常用keep doing 。如：‎ We’ve kept hoping to go to college. 我们一直希望上大学。‎ ‎③keep/keep on一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。‎ 如：常不用keep(on)standing/sitting/beginning/leaving 。‎ ‎[典例6]Keep ______after meals, then you’ll be in good health.‎ A. walking B. sleeping C. standing D. sitting 解析 A keep doing的特殊用法。此种结构一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。而sleeping ,standing, sitting都是表示短暂性动作的动词。故选A。‎ ‎（4）其它搭配 keep back 阻止，落在后面 keep…out (of)使……在外，不让……入内 keep away 不接近，避开 keep …from 阻止，抑制，避免于 keep off 让开，不接近 keep up 坚持，继续，保持，（斗争）不低落 keep up with跟上，赶上，不落后于 keep in touch with与……保持联络 ‎[典例7]We read the newspaper every day to ______the present affairs.‎ A. keep up B. keep up with C. catch up with D. keep in touch with 解析 B keep词组考查题。根据句意：我们每天读报是为了跟上当前形势。keep up 坚持；keep up with跟上，赶上；catch up with 赶上，逮捕；keep in touch with 与……保持联络。只有B项与句意吻合。‎ ‎4.关于go ‎（1）go的过去分词形式gone多用作表语，意为“（人）不在了、走了”，“（物）丢了、用完了”，如：The necklace was gone.这条项链丢了。‎ Liu Mei is already gone.刘梅已经走了。‎ 比较：He is already gone.(强调无目的)‎ He has gone.(强调有目的、方向)‎ ‎（2）go 有“……说的”之意。常用于“the story goes…据说；as the saying goes正如格言所说”。如：As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如格言所说，“有志者，事竟成”。‎ ‎[典例8]As a Chinese old saying______, “Good fortune lies within bad, bad fortune lies within good.”‎ A. goes B. say C. is said D. is written 解析 A 与本词条中的含义吻合即用在谚语前表示“……说的、叫做”。‎ ‎（3）go为终止性动词，不与表示时间段的状语连用。（见时态和语态专题）‎ ‎（4）go to常与go to attend意义相同，多与一些表示活动的名词连用。如：‎ go to college/a meeting/an English party/a concert/a dance/a film/a lecture/a dinner…等。‎ ‎（5）注意区别：‎ go on doing sth.继续做同一个动作 go on to do sth.做完一个接着干另一个 go on with sth.同一事件中断后又接着做 He went on speaking of his war experiences.他继续说着他的战争经历。‎ 比较He went on to speak of his war experiences.(=He began speaking of them after he had finished speaking of something else.)他做完了别的之后，又继续说他的战争经历。‎ They went on with their work at the empty loom until late into the night.他们在一张空织布机上不停地工作直至深夜。‎ ‎(6)其它搭配 go to rest/sleep/bed休息/睡觉 go out for a walk/ride/swim/bath/drive…外出散步/骑车/游泳/洗澡/兜风 go shopping/fishing/shooting/swimming/walking…购物/钓鱼/射击/游泳/散步 go about着手做，从事 go ahead 前进，进行 go all out for sth./to do sth.全力以赴 go in for sth.从事于，酷爱，参加 go over仔细检查，润色（文稿），复习 go through经历，经受 go up 上涨 ‎5.关于agree ‎（1）agree 一般用作不及物动词，因此，其后不能直接带宾语。如其后跟从句，则可作及物动词。可跟不定式，但不跟不定式的复合结构。‎ ‎（2）区别：‎ ‎ ①表示“同意某人的看法”。常说：agree with sb./what sb says。‎ ‎②表示“适合、合适”。如：‎ agree with This climate doesn’t agree with me.这里的气候不适合我。‎ ‎③表示“一致、协调”。如：‎ The verb must agree with its subject in person and number.动词必须与人称和数保持一致。‎ agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”。常可说：‎ agree to a plan/an arrange ment/a proposal/a decision.‎ agree on /upon表示“对……取得一致意见”。如：‎ They both agreed on the plan,他们两个都同意这个方案。‎ ‎[典例9] I don’t _____people smoking all day long.‎ A. agree B. agree to C. agree on D. agree with 解析 B 考查动词agree及词组辨析。agree为不及物动词，不带宾语；agree on/upon表示“对……取得一致意见”；agree with表示“同意某人的看法”；agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”，符合句意。‎ 热点2 常见动词近义词辨析 常见动词近义词很多，有必要掌握以下常见词类：‎ ‎1.关于win, defeat, beat和gain ‎(1)win作“赢”讲时，其宾语常是：war, battle, game, match, argument, a victory, the prize,100 yuan, a race, honor for, the praise, the first place…等，而不能是表示人的名词。‎ ‎(2) beat及物动词，后面的宾语是“对手”，表示结果。如：‎ beat sb. in …在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人。‎ beat him at table tennis在乒乓球赛中击败他 ‎(3)defeat sb.在战斗、战争、比赛中击败对手。强调暂时行为。如：‎ defeat the enemy in the war在战争中击败敌人 ‎(4)gain及物动词，表示“获得、赢得所需之物/利益或好处”。如：‎ gain experience/wealth/a reputation/the time/the marks/the rank/the prize/one’s respect/success/knowledge/one’s living/happiness/a salary/an honor…。‎ ‎[典例1]Our basketball team____ theirs by a score of 100:98.‎ A. won B. defeat C. beat D. gained 解析 C近义词辨析题。根据win不和theirs(their teams)搭配；defeat与sb.连接；gain常有“获得……”，也不与theirs搭配。只有beat与“（击败的）对手”搭配，强调结果，故选C。‎ ‎2.关于fit, suit和match ‎(1)fit作及物动词，表示“适合、配上、合身”。如：‎ This coat fits her nicely.这件外套非常合适。‎ The key doesn’t fit the lock,这把钥匙不合这把锁。‎ ‎（2）作形容词，表示“适合、健康”》常构成be fit for 。如：‎ He is fit for the job,他适合这份工作。‎ The water is fit to drink.这水适合喝。‎ ‎（3）作不及物动词，表示“吻合、合身”。如：‎ Does the coat fit?这件大衣合身吗？‎ ‎（4）suit作适合，常强调颜色、款式等适合某人，而fit则强调大小合身。如：‎ That color doesn’t suit your complexion(肤色)。这颜色不适合你的肤色。‎ ‎（5）match表示“在（品质、颜色、设计等方面）与……相配”。如：‎ Carpets should match the curtains.地毯必须与窗帘区配。‎ ‎[典例2]The red tie you bought doesn’t ______my coat.‎ A. fit B. fit for C. suit D. match 解析D 近义词辨析题目。fit作及物动词，表示大小合身；作不及物动词，强调“吻合”；作形容词，则须用be fit for; suit 强调“款式合适”，只有match强调“与……匹配”。故选D。‎ ‎3.关于cost, spend, take和pay ‎(1)从意义上讲，都可表示“花钱”。如：“我花10元钱买衬衣”。这一句话可有四种翻译：‎ The shirt cost me ten yuan.‎ I spent ten yuan on the shirt.‎ It took me ten yuan to buy the shirt.‎ I paid ten yuan for the shirt.‎ ‎(2)结构搭配上的不同 ‎①spend的主语只能是人。‎ 常用结构：sb. +spend(s)+time/money on sth./in doing sth.‎ ‎②cost的主语只能是指事或物的名词、代词或名词性短语。‎ 常用结构：sth. +cost(s)+ sb. +time/money ‎③take的主语多为指物的名词。‎ 常用结构：It + takes +time/ money +to do sth.‎ ‎④pay的主语是人，为买某物而付钱。‎ 常用结构：sb. +pay(s)+ money +for sth.‎ ‎[典例3] I _____the coat in the supermarket for 260yuan.‎ A. cost B. paid C. pent D. bought 解析 D近义词辨析题。用cost,则主谓搭配不当；用pay，则260 yuan作宾语；用spend,则与for 260 yuan搭配不当；应选用buy,其用法和搭配均与句意吻合。‎ ‎4.关于hurt, wound, injure和harm ‎(1)hurt:表示“肉体或情感上的痛苦，强调疼痛感”。如：‎ Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.‎ 一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受了伤。‎ ‎（2）wound:表示“由于剑、刀、枪等锐器造成身体上较严重的外伤，特别是在战争中受伤”。如：The soldier was wounded in the arm.这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。‎ ‎（3）injure:表示“指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害”。如：‎ There were two people injured in the car accident.‎ 有两个人在车祸中受了伤。‎ ‎（4）harm: 表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或损失，其对象可以是自己，也可以是其他人或物”。如：Our dog won’t harm you.我们的狗不会伤害你的。‎ Getting up early won’t harm you!早起对你没有坏处。‎ ‎[典例4]There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasn’t_____ at all .‎ A. hurt B. wounded C. harmed D. injured 解析 C 近义词辨析题目。hurt强调“精神或肉体上的疼痛”；wound强调“刀、枪伤”；harm强调“危害、损失”；injure强调“意外伤害”。名意为：我们住的街道发生了一次意外的爆炸事故，但我们的大楼却丝毫没有受损。故用harmed合句意。‎ 重点 1 两种常错常考的可作谓语的动词 ‎1.几组拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词 hang hanged hanged(绞死) lay laid laid(放置)‎ hang hung hung(悬挂) lie lied lied(说慌)‎ ‎ lie lay lain(平卧)‎ find found found(发现) fall fell fallen(跌倒)‎ found founded founded(建立) fell felled felled(砍伐、击倒)‎ ‎ fail failed failed（失败）‎ ‎[典例1] The carpet where he _____was warm and comfortable, so he slept soundly.‎ A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D.了had lied 解析 B 易混淆词辨析题。动词lay表示“搁置、放”时，现在分词为laying,过去分词为laid；而lie作“躺”讲时，现在分词为lying,过去分词为lain，如其过去分词为lied,则含义为“撒谎”。此处为“躺的地方”，故用was lying。‎ ‎2.实为及物动词却常被误为不及物动词 enter(误为enter into) marry(误为marry with)‎ reach(误为reach to) mention(误为mention about)‎ serve(误为serve for) address(误为address to)‎ approach(误为approach with) salute(误为salute to)‎ fit(误为fit for) benefit (误为benefit to)‎ ‎[典例2]She ____John to get away from her step-mother.‎ A. married B. married with C. married to D. was married 解析A此句中的marry表示“嫁给”，为及物动词，可直接带宾语。‎ 重点2 五种基本句型中的动词使用 简单句的五种基本句型，通常与及物动词、不及物动词和系动词密不可分。‎ ‎1.主语+不及物动词 理解不及物动词在此句型中的常用法：‎ ‎（1）一般表达型。此类不及物动词常可与表示距离、持续时间、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如：Boy, can you go any farther? Boy, can you go any farther? 伙计，你还走得动吗？‎ The smoke from our fire rose straight up in the still air.‎ 我们生的火冒出的烟在无风的空气中袅袅上升。‎ ‎（2）主动形式表示被动含义型。此类常见的动词或短语有：read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, take place, break out ,last ,go out ,run out ,cost, spread等。如：‎ The tickets to the play sold well。那台戏的戏票很畅销。‎ The accident happened outside my house.这个事故发生在我家房子的外面。‎ ‎[典例1]Food and drink are _____,but the men are still cheerful and confident.‎ A. running out B. going out C. spreading D. happening 解析 A 不及物动词的考查。动词run out表示“被用完”； go out 表示“出去，熄灭”；spread表示“传播”；happen表示“发生”。根据句意：食物和饮料快用光了，但这些人仍旧很愉快和自信。‎ ‎2.主语+及物动词+宾语 理解及物动词在此句型中带宾语的用法：‎ ‎(1)及物动词+名词或代词作宾语。如：‎ He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。‎ Will you be spending your holiday abroad this year?你今年准备到国外去度假吗？‎ ‎(2)及物动词+动名词作宾语。此类及物动词或动词短语有：avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off ,insist on ,give up, can’t help, stick to等。如：‎ I suggested taking a walk.我建议去散步。‎ You must not give up studying.你不该放弃学习。‎ ‎(3)及物动词+不定式作宾语。此类及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn,‎ offer, plan, refuse等。如：‎ I hope to go to college.我希望上大学。‎ The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。‎ ‎（4）既可接动名词又可接动词不定式的动词（见非谓语动词专题之热点）。‎ ‎3.主语+系动词+表格 系动词在此句型中的用法：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, run, keep等。‎ ‎（1）系动词+形容词作表语。如：‎ ‎ That argument sounds reasonable,那个观点听起来有道理。‎ ‎（2）系动词+名词作表语。如：‎ Later he became an acrobat.他后来成为一名杂技演员。‎ ‎（3）系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语。如：‎ He is near,他在附近。‎ ‎[典例2]The cooking chicken in the pot ______very good.‎ A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes 解析 A 系动词考查题。根据The cooking chicken正在煮的的鸡肉，推断出“闻起来很香”，故用smell。其它feel感觉起来；sound听起来；taste尝起来，均不合题意。‎ ‎4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ‎（1）用to变换间接宾语的动词：bring, give, hand, offer, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, lend等。如：‎ Could you bring me the book?或 Could you bring the book to me ?请你把那本书带给我好吗？‎ ‎（2）用for变换间接宾语的动词make,buy,choose,cook,find,get,order,paint,sing, spare,fetch等。如：‎ He bought me a bottle of ink.或He bought a bottle of ink for me .他为我买了一瓶墨水。‎ ‎（3）用for和to或其它介词变换间接宾语的动词：do, leave, play等。如：‎ Will you do me a favor?或 Will you do a favor for me ?你能帮我忙吗？‎ ‎[典例3] Smoking will______harm to you .Please get rid of it.‎ A. do B. give C. make D. find 解析 A 接双宾语的动词考查题。此句的harm为直接宾语，to you为间接宾语。句意为：吸烟对你有害，请戒掉烟吧。从搭配而言，常说do sb.harm 或do harm to sb。故选A。‎ ‎5.主语+及物动语+宾语+宾补 ‎（1）接名词作宾补的动词：find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。如：‎ They usually call the baby Dick,他们经常把婴儿的名字称为迪克。‎ ‎（2）接形容词作宾补的动词：keep, get, lay, drink, push, paint, set, turn, drive, let, call, cut, break, open, hold等。如：‎ She will make him happy.她将使他幸福。‎ Please cut the stick short.请把这根棍子砍短点。‎ ‎（3）接副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词：leave, put ,see, notice, watch, observe等。如：‎ He left me waiting in the rain.他让我在雨中等。‎ ‎[典例4] I found _____impossible ______him _____his mind.‎ A. this, to make; change B. it; to make; to change C. this; to make; to change D. it; to make; change 解析D 及物动词及宾语补足语考查题。根据句子结构分析法可以判断：第一空为形式宾语it，第二空为真正的动词不定式作宾语，第三空为使役动词make后省去to的宾补change。故选D 难点 动词词组的使用与辨析 动词词组的使用和辨析是动词考点中的重点也是难点，考查形式涉及多项选择题中的语法和 和词汇知识题、多项选择式完形填空题、短文改错题多种题型。‎ ‎[典例1]Kathy _____a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.‎ A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up 解析 A动词词组辨析题。pick up 获得，学到，捡起，使恢复精神；take up开始从事，吸收；make up弥补，虚构；turn up找到，出现。根据句意：凯西通过与当地孩子们玩耍而学到了不少西班牙语。故选A。‎ ‎[典例2]Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______most of her day.(2004·广东卷)‎ A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up 解析 A考查动词词组的辨析。海伦总是帮助她的母亲，即使上学占用了她一天中的大部分时间。四个短语的意思分别为：take up占据，填满；make up形成，构成或组成某物；save up储存，储蓄；put up 张贴（海报、通告等），提出（意见）供讨论。根据句意判断take up 合题意。‎ ‎[典例3] You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _____the books when you’ve finished them.(2004·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off ‎ 解析 C 考查动词词组的辨析。此句句意为：你可以从书架上随便拿书去读，但是读完以后请把书放回原处put on 穿上，伪装；put down写下，平定；put off 推迟，搪寒；只有put back放回原处合句意。‎ ‎[典例4]His mother had thought is would be good for his character to_____from home and earn some money on his own.(2002·北京卷)‎ A. run away B take away C.keep away D.get away 解析 D 考查动词词组的辨析。四个选项都符合语法要求，再看本句句意：他母亲原本认为他离开家自己赚钱对锻炼他的性格有好处。get away from home的意思正是“离开家”。‎ 小试牛刀 ‎1. Every minute should_______to work for the motherland.‎ A. make use of B. be made of ‎ C. be made use of D. make of ‎ ‎2. The first color TV set was considered by most people________this century.‎ A. having been invented it B. one of whom invented C. who had invented it D.to have been invented ‎3.In face of failure for the moment ,it’s the most important to_____a good state of mind.‎ A. keep on B. keep at C. keep up D. keep out ‎4.After the five ,very little of the house _______standing .‎ A. remained B. kept C. rested D. left ‎5.We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it _______very well.‎ A.worked out B.tried out C.went D.carried on ‎6. Alice ,______careful with your pronunciation.‎ A. is B.do be B.does be D.do ‎7.The teacher asks the students to talk in English out of class just as they______in class.‎ A. are B.were C.do D. did ‎8. In a way I can see what you mean, even though I don’t______ your point of view.‎ A. permit B.share C. agree D. recognize ‎9.They ______us by two to one in the game yesterday.‎ A. beat B. defeat C. gained D. won ‎10.— This doesn’t______me. Do you have a larger one?‎ ‎ —Sorry, but the color is different. Does it ______you?‎ A. fit; suit B. suit; fit C. fit; fit D. suit; suit ‎11.It was the man______ on the bed with his eyes open who_____the book open on the desk just now.‎ A. lain; lay B.lying ;laid C.lay; lay D.lying ;lied ‎12. People in the west ______it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.‎ A.make B.have C.do D.change ‎13.More and more people are willing to______part of their incomes to the school children in the poverty areas.‎ A.give in B.give away C.give out D.give up ‎14.Their water supply has been_______ because of the earthquake.‎ A.cut out B.cut off C.cut down D.cut away ‎15.He_______the book and decided that he wouldn’t buy it.‎ A. looked into B.looked on C.looked after D.looked through ‎[答案与解析]‎ ‎1. C 考查make词组搭配题。根据句意：为祖国工作，应当充分利用分分秒秒。应考虑表示“利用”的make use of ,与表示“时间”的every minute之间存在动宾关系，因此，make use of 须用被动形式。故选C。‎ ‎2.D动词consider 的非谓语考查形式。符合“consider+宾语+宾补”结构，根据句意判断此句的宾补在consider之前已经发生，故用不定式的完成式。‎ ‎3. C keep词组考查题。keep on 继续，保持；keep at 坚持做，不放弃；keep up 保持（良好状态），坚持；keep out 关在门外，不准入内。只有C项合题意。‎ ‎4 A 涉及keep 的用法题。由于standing表示静止状态，故不可用kept standing ,又rested,left与standing 在搭配和含义上有错误，故选remained standing ,相当于过去进行时。‎ ‎5.C go进展，进行；work out 结果是；try out 考验，提炼；carry on 继续开展；it 指代our art exhibition,but的转折语气说明它进展得很好，C项合句意。‎ ‎6.B do表示强调。用在祈使句中，置于be careful之前，可理解为“务必”。‎ ‎7. C 考查替代词do 的用法。主句的谓语动词为asks,从句的替代词应为do。‎ ‎8. B 考查近义词辨析。share 为及物动词表“分享”，可带宾语your point of view。而agree为不及物动词，不可带宾语。其它两项意思不符题意。‎ ‎9. A 近义词的辨析题。强调以 “by two to one”的结果“击败对手”。故用beat。‎ ‎10. A 近义词辨析题。fit 作及物动词，常跟人，表示大小适合某人；作不及物动词，强调“吻合”；作形容词，则须用be fit for结构搭配；suit强调“款式合适”。根据句意，选A。‎ ‎11.B 易混词考查。根据句子结构分析可知，这是一个强调句。强调作主语的the man,其后的lying on the bed with his eyes open在句中作定语修饰the man.‎ ‎12. A 考查接宾语和宾补的动词。根据句子结构分析：此处的it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式短语to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends。常用下列句式：动词+it +n/adj.（宾补）+（for sb.）+不定式（真正的宾语）。‎ ‎13 B 考查动词词组的辨析。give away赠送，分送；give in 屈服，投降；give out ‎ 用完，用尽；give up 放弃。‎ ‎14 B 考查动词词组的辨析。cut off (被迫)切断，断绝，合句意。而cut out(主动)切掉；cut down砍倒；cut away切掉/离，均为干扰项。‎ ‎15 D 考查动词词组的辨析。look through 浏览；look into调查；look on 旁观；look after照顾。‎ 自我检测 ‎1. The teacher has a peculiar way of ______her student’s nervousness when then speak English.‎ A. breaking down B. going over C. taking off D. giving away ‎2. In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an emergency.‎ A. standing by B. turning on C. getting on D. running on ‎ ‎3. You _____only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you ?‎ A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered ‎4. He _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it.‎ A. switched; on B. kicked; up C. turned; over D. took; on ‎5. At times the balance in nature is ______ , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects. ‎ A. troubled B. confused C. disturbed D. puzzled ‎ ‎6. — So, how is your new roommate ?‎ ‎— She really ____. She always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her , she always makes rude remarks.‎ A. turns me over B. turns me down C. turns me off D. turns me out ‎ ‎7. People have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the desert.‎ A. hold down B. hold up C. hold back D. hold out ‎8. — Would you like to go to Paris with us next year ?‎ ‎— I’d like to, but my mother ______ that I am too young. ‎ A. is against B. opposes C. objects D. explains ‎ ‎9. There’s no bear left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to _______. ‎ A. go out B. go off C. go without D. go through ‎ ‎10. The film “World without thieves” ______ a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema. ‎ A. appreciated B. enjoyed C. won D. seized ‎ ‎11. Dressed untidily and speaking in a strange way, Father must have ______ to the people present to be a silly old man. ‎ A. appeared B. pretended C. shown D. thought ‎ ‎12. Thomas Alva Edison didn’t “invent” the light bulb (灯泡), but rather he ______ a 50 –year –old idea, which is not well –known. ‎ A. improved upon B. take down C. put up D. break away ‎ ‎13. You’d better ______ some hot water into the bottle in case the teacools down. ‎ A. add B. fill C. fill in D. put ‎ ‎14. After retirement, Mr. Smith ______ painting, which he had always loved but had not had time for. ‎ A. took up B. got up C. help up D. looked up ‎ ‎15. She tried hard to keep calm in face of the students, but the sweat on her forehead _____ her ____.‎ A. gave; away B. tuned; down C. showed; out D. shut; off ‎ 答案与解析 ‎1、A 句意：这位老师有一种疏导学生在说英语时产生的紧张情绪的独特方法。 Break down :to separate something such as an idea or statement into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with .go over 复习； take off脱下，起飞；give away分发，赠给，泄露（秘密）。‎ ‎2、A 句意：有船只严阵以待，预防紧急情况。stand by 为不及物短语：to wait and be ready for action if needed 准备行动；待机；turn on 打开；get on进展；run down撞倒。根据句意，B 、C、D 三项均不符合。‎ ‎3、D句意：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克卖给你呢？offer: to say that you will pay a particular amount of money to buy something 出价六万英镑买这所房子。 Charge(收费)不符合题意。抚讲价（offer）而后才能药费（spend）或支付（pay）帮A、B两项不合常理。‎ ‎4、C句意：在采取措施之前，他在脑中将这个问题反复思考了一个星期。turn over :to think about carefully仔细考虑；switch on把开关打开；kick up引起；take on呈现、雇用、承担。‎ ‎5、C trouble主要指遇上难解决的问题而使人苦恼、忧虑；puzzled 指人是困惑的，因此将A、D两项排除；根据句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混乱的（confused）,而不受到了人为的干扰（disturbed）,才会导致不可预见的影响。因此选择C项。‎ ‎6、C turn sb.over :把……移交，把……交给；turn sb. down:拒绝；turn sb.off :使对（某人）感到厌烦、使不感兴趣；turn sb.out:驱逐，赶走。根据句意“她总是在午夜弄出很大的响声，我提醒她时，她还总是说些粗鲁的话”，由此可知她是使我烦透了，选择C项。‎ ‎7、C hold down压制，限制；hold up推迟，耽搁；hold back阻挡，抑制；hold out提供，提出。句意：人们种了大量的树，为了阴挡风和沙尘。由此可知答案为C项。‎ ‎8、C前三项意思相同，都可以表示“反对（做）、某事”：be against(doing)sth.:oppose(doing) sth.; object to(doing) sth.。但是objiet还可接宾语从句，这时它为及物动词，意思为“提出异议”。前一句邀请对方一起去Paris，答话人说他很愿意去，但是妈妈提出异议说他年龄太小。D项explain虽然也可执着that 从句，但是它的含义为“解释”不能明确地说明妈妈的态度是赞成还是反对。‎ ‎9、C go out外出，熄灭；go off爆炸，中断；go through通过，完成，经历；go without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒卖完了，酒吧也都关门了，所以你只好将就一下了。‎ ‎10、B易误选C，win 指赢得了比赛、奖励、胜利等，不可以与a great success 连用。Enjoy享有，如：He enjoys a reputation for honesty. 本题中的enjoy a great success 意为 win large sales。句意：《天下无贼》一举成功，同时也给电影院带来了巨大的盈利。‎ ‎11、A 句意：父亲衣冠不整，谈吐怪异，在在场者眼中，父亲想必显得是一个傻老人的形象。解题的关键在于是否能将to the people present(present“在场的”，作后置定语修饰the people)准确地分离出来。‎ ‎12、A句意：鲜为人知是的，爱迪生并没有发明灯炮，而是在其50年前的发明上改进了电灯泡（把灯丝寿命延长到13.5小时）。Improve on/upon超过，改进；take down把……拆卸开；put up张贴，搭建；break away摆脱。‎ ‎13、D句意：你最好往瓶子里倒些热水，以免茶变凉。比较下列句子：You’d better put some hot water into the bottle. You’d better add some hot water to the cold water .You’d better fill the bottle with some hot water.‎ ‎14、A句意：退休后，史密斯先生开始绘画了，这是他从前喜爱，却又没有时间做的事情。take up: begin to spend time doing开始花时间从事（某项活动）；get up起床，起立;hold up推迟；look up查找、改善。‎ ‎15、A 句意：她努力地试图在学生面前保持镇定，但是她前额的汗水使她露了马脚。Give away: reveal露出了马脚；turn sb .down 拒绝；show sb.out带某人出去；shut sb.off使隔绝。‎