高考语法专项 形容词和副词

高考语法专项 形容词和副词

‎2018届高考语法专项　形容词和副词 ‎1．形容词后缀 ‎(1)－able：‎ ‎①v.＋able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable 等。‎ ‎②n.＋able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable 等。‎ ‎(2)－ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible 等。‎ ‎(3)－al: international, mental, medical, natural, general 等。‎ ‎(4)－ant或－ent: instant, distant, constant, important, patient, different, absent 等。‎ ‎(5)－ed或－ing：interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing 等。‎ ‎(6)－en：wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken 等。‎ ‎(7)－ern：eastern, southern, western, northern 等。‎ ‎(8)－ful：‎ ‎①n.＋ful：colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful等。‎ ‎②v.＋ful：forgetful, careful等。‎ ‎(9)－less：fearless, harmless, useless, helpless 等。‎ ‎(10)－ly：friendly, lovely, daily, weekly 等。‎ ‎(11)n./v.＋(i)ous：curious, dangerous, various, anxious 等。‎ ‎(12)－some：handsome, troublesome, tiresome 等。‎ ‎(13)n.＋－y：funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty等。‎ ‎2．形容词前缀 ‎(1)un－：unhappy, unfair, unimportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary 等。‎ ‎(2)im－： impossible, impolite, impatient 等。‎ ‎(3)in－： inactive, inconvenient, incorrect 等。‎ ‎(4)dis－： disabled, dishonest 等。‎ ‎(5)ir－： irregular, irresponsible 等。‎ ‎(6)il－： illegal 等。‎ ‎3．副词后缀 一般都是adj.＋－ly构成，如different→differently 等。‎ 注意：以－e结尾的形容词变副词时有的去掉e，有的不去e，直接加－ly。例如：definite→definitely，true→truly。　 ‎ ‎[典例] (2016·全国卷乙语法填空)From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ____________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.‎ officially　解析：设空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式，故填officially。‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2017·山东下学期综合测试)Ron had a ____________ (success) career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.‎ successful　解析：句意：在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功。名词career前需用形容词作定语，故答案为successful。‎ ‎2．(2015·陕西高考)When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life，she did what comes ____________ (natural)．‎ naturally　解析：句意强调“她做了一件顺其自然的事”，即符合狗本性的事。此处应该用副词naturally作状语，修饰动词comes。‎ ‎3．(2016·四川高考语法填空)Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very ____________ (care) mother.‎ careful/caring　解析：她是一个非常仔细的/充满爱心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。‎ ‎4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)As ____________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ natural　解析：根据后面的名词可知，这里要用形容词修饰后面的名词architects。故填natural。‎ ‎5．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.____________________‎ terrible→terribly　解析：此处修饰形容词worried，故用副词形式。‎ ‎1．在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、与派生词变化无关的基本形容词和副词的用法，如before, ago, many, much, ever, never等。‎ ‎2．有些副词，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等，作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面句子分开。把握这样的结构和用法特点，有助于快速填空。‎ ‎3．连接副词的用法 连接副词 逻辑语意 意义 though 表转折 虽然，然而 yet 表转折 然而，可是 however 表转折，其后常用逗号 然而，但是 instead 表转折或相反 相反，代替 otherwise 表转折 否则 besides 表递进 另外，而且 moreover 表递进 再说，而且 still 表递进 仍然，依然 therefore 表结果 因此 thus 表结果 因此 anyway 表让步 无论如何 ‎◆Bicycling is of great benefit to our health, besides, it does not pollute the air.‎ 骑自行车有助于我们身体健康，并且对空气无污染。‎ ‎[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Much rare animals are dying out.‎ Much→Many　解析：可数名词复数animals前应该用many修饰。注意：首字母应该大写。‎ 单句改错 ‎1．(2017·广西下学期适应性测试)Unfortunate, when he went downstairs again，he found the machine had been broken.____________________‎ Unfortunate→Unfortunately　解析：分析该句结构可知，此处应用副词位于句首作状语修饰整个句子。‎ ‎2．(全国卷Ⅰ)Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.____________________‎ before→ago　解析：由语境可知，“我”和妹妹五年前在父亲的帮助下，在后花园里种植了一些圣女果，五年前应为five years ago。‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷丙短文改错)However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. ____________________‎ such→so　解析：此处think为动词，其后应用副词so，意为“(刚说过的事物)这样，那样”。so的类似用法有I hope so, if so等。such为代词或限定词，故将such改为so。‎ ‎4．(辽宁高考)The early morning barking has been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.____________________‎ Beside→Besides　解析：句意：清晨的狗叫让人很烦，因为我们经常整晚照顾孩子；而且，克利奥平均一天吠叫6个小时。根据句意可知，应将Beside改为副词Besides(而且)，表示递进关系。介词beside意为“在……旁边”。‎ ‎5．(全国卷Ⅰ)However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.____________________‎ never→ever　解析：根据语境可知，此处句意为“然而，他是我认识的最绅士的人”。‎ ‎1．等级用法的固定句式 ‎(1)as＋形容词或副词原级＋as…像……一样……‎ ‎(2)as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.单数＋as…像……一样……‎ ‎(3)not so/as＋形容词或副词原级＋as…不如……那样……‎ ‎(4)too/how＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词　多么/太……‎ ‎(5)as many＋复数名词＋as…或者as much＋不可数名词＋as…和……一样多 ‎(6)表示“两者中较……的一个”，用“the＋比较级”的结构。‎ as much＋a/an＋n.单数＋as…既是……又是……‎ ‎◆It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.‎ 人们通常认为教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。　 ‎ ‎2．修饰比较级的副词及副词短语 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even, no等。见到这些词时，首先考虑所填的空是否要用比较级或最高级形式。‎ very, quite, fairly, too等通常修饰原级。　 ‎ ‎◆I wonder if you are feeling any better today.‎ 我想知道你今天是否感觉好点。‎ ‎◆The hotel is rather more expensive than that one.‎ 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。‎ ‎3．比较级、最高级常用句式 ‎①“the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”表示“越……越……”‎ ‎◆It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get.‎ 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。‎ ‎②“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两个中较……的”‎ ‎◆Which is the better of the two universities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University or Fudan University?‎ 上海交大与复旦大学，实力较强的是哪一个？‎ ‎③“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 ‎◆—Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic?‎ ‎——你认为这是野餐的好天气吗？‎ ‎—Yes. You can’t hope for a nicer day at this time of the year.‎ ‎——是的，在一年中的这个时候，你不能期待更好的天气了。‎ ‎④“the＋形容词或副词的最高级＋比较范围”表示在某个范围内“最……”‎ ‎◆She is the most active student in our class.‎ 她是我们班最活跃的学生。‎ ‎[典例] (全国卷　Ⅰ)Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ____________(clean) than ever.‎ cleaner　解析：句意：最后人们的努力得到了回报，现在这条河比以前更干净了。根据句意以及空后的than，可知空缺处应该填提示词的比较级形式。‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2017·山东泰安一模)A wise man came along and asked them, “Oh, my dear friends, why are you crying？” “We were ten but now we are only nine，” they replied, and cried even ____________ (hard)．‎ harder　解析：句意：一位智者走了过来，问道：“噢，我亲爱的朋友们，你们为什么哭啊？”“我们本来10个人，可现在我们只有9个人了”，他们回答道，甚至哭得更厉害了。根据句意以及设空处前的even可知此处需用副词的比较级形式作cried的状语。‎ ‎2．(2017·云南师大附中模拟)The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals and could even make humans____________ (small)．‎ smaller　解析：句意：科学家宣称当前的气候变暖可能会对哺乳动物有同样的影响，甚至可能会使人类变得更小。根据句意及even可知，此处含有比较意义，故应用比较级。‎ ‎3．(2015·四川高考单项填空)Andy is content with the toy. It is the____________ (good) he has ever got.‎ best　解析：句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他所得到过的最好的玩具。第二句中的It是指上文提到的玩具，根据设空后的比较范围he has ever got可知用形容词的最高级，答案为best，其后省略了名词toy。‎ ‎4．(全国卷Ⅱ)It may not be a great suggestion. But before a ____________ (good) one is put forward, we’ll make do with it.‎ better　解析：句意：这也许不是一个很好的建议，但在提出一个更好的建议之前，我们会将就用这个。根据句意可知此处暗含比较含义，“a＋比较级”表示“一个更……的”，故填better。‎ ‎5．(2015·陕西高考短文改错)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world. ________________‎ better→best　解析：考查最高级。由语境可知，我母亲能做世界上最好吃的饼干。‎ ‎6．(浙江高考)To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie.____________________‎ bad→worse　解析：考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，现在我必须与我最小的妹妹 Maggie共用一个房间。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ____________ (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.‎ slowly　解析：根据动词短语give out有宾语that heat，后面不需要再带有名词之类的词，因此可以判断出这里所给词修饰该动词短语，得用副词。‎ ‎2．(全国卷Ⅰ)The river was so polluted that it ____________(actual) caught fire and burned.‎ actually　解析：空处所填词修饰动词caught和burned，所以要用副词形式actually，意为“事实上，实际上”。‎ ‎3．(广东高考)When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was ____________(surprise) helpful.‎ surprisingly　解析：本空后的helpful是一个形容词，修饰形容词应该用副词。‎ ‎4．(广东高考)After our plane landed，we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months ____________ (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.‎ earlier　解析：由本句中的had made可知，作者在到达之前就提前六个月预订了房间。本句暗含比较，意思是“早在六个月前”。‎ ‎5．(辽宁高考)The ____________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.‎ harder　解析：本句是一个固定句式：the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…表示“越……就越……”；你越用力击打他，你越可能被击中。由此可知用hard的比较级形式harder。‎ ‎6．(2017·江西红色七校联考)He sat down and started ____________ (gentle) talking to the dog.‎ gently　解析：句意：他坐了下来开始温柔地和狗谈了起来。此处需用副词gently作talking的状语。‎ ‎7．(2017·山东青岛自主学习)As they couldn’t play outdoors，they were ____________ (happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time.‎ unhappy　解析：句意：由于他们不能去外面玩，所以他们不高兴，甚至有些孩子不时地打架斗殴。根据上下文逻辑可推知设空处应为形容词unhappy(不高兴)作表语。‎ ‎8．(2017·广东汕头二模)My aunt advised that I needed to go to hospital, and the treatment she provided gave my parents ____________(value) time to take me to the hospital.‎ valuable　解析：句意：我姑姑建议我去医院，她给我提供的治疗给了我父母宝贵的时间将我送去医院。名词time前需用形容词作定语，故答案为valuable。‎ ‎9．(2017·河北衡水中学七调)We can start the habit by writing learning summaries and remember to record something____________ (impress) and meaningful.‎ impressive　解析：句意：我们可以通过写学习总结来开始这个习惯，而且我们还要记得记录下给人印象深刻的和有意义的事情。设空处与形容词meaningful并列，修饰代词something，故推出设空处应为形容词impressive。‎ ‎10．(2016·浙江高考单项填空)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, ____________ (especial) if you are travelling at high speed.‎ especially　解析：句意：突然停车有时会是很可怕的经历，尤其是在你高速行进时。设空处需用副词修饰if引导的状语从句，故答案为especially(尤其)。‎ ‎11．(2017·河南洛阳模拟)Little Tommy is really hard to deal with. You can’t find a ____________ (noisy) boy in the class.‎ noisier　解析：句意：小汤米真难对付；你在这个班上找不到比他更吵闹的男孩子了。not或never与形容词比较级连用，表示最高级含义。‎ ‎12．(大纲全国卷单项填空)Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the ____________ (good) possible education.‎ best　解析：句意：雷蒙德的父母希望他能接受最好的教育。根据语境可知应用形容词最高级，修饰名词education。possible用在形容词后表示强调。‎ ‎13．(2017·山西四校联考)Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six ____________ (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.‎ healthiest　解析：句意：世界上所有的城市中，位列前六名中最健康的城市之一是丹麦的哥本哈根。“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定用法，意为“……中最……之一”，因此，此处应用形容词最高级，故填healthiest。‎ ‎14．(2017·广东佛山二模)My application was successful and I spent a(n) ____________ (enjoy) month learning film－making.‎ enjoyable　解析：句意：我的申请成功了，我用了令人愉快的一个月学习电影制作。设空处修饰名词month，作定语，应用形容词。故填enjoyable。‎ ‎15．(2017·湖南长沙六校联考)____________ (surprising)，when I got home, I found a wet $20 bill stuck to the ground.‎ Surprisingly　解析：句意：令人吃惊的是，当我到家的时候，发现一张湿的20美元的钞票贴在地上。设空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填Surprisingly。‎ 单句改错 ‎1．(2016·全国卷丙短文改错)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. ____________________‎ freely→free　解析：句意：我甚至一度觉得父母不能理解我，于是我希望能够不受他们的束缚。系动词be后用形容词。‎ ‎2．(全国卷Ⅰ)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost！____________________‎ wonderfully→ wonderful　解析：此处修饰名词tomatoes，故用该词的形容词形式。‎ ‎3．(2017·湖北黄冈调研)One day in Senior Grade 1, I happened to see an English movie named Speed.It was so interested that I watched it again and again.____________________‎ interested→interesting　解析：第二句中的It指代上句中的电影Speed，指物，应用形容词interesting修饰，意为“有趣的”。而interested意为“感兴趣的”，常用于修饰人。‎ ‎4．(2017·湖南十校共同体联考)When Mr Tang slowly went into the classroom, we could see clear that it was hard for him to leave us though he had taught us for only three months. ____________________‎ clear→clearly　解析：句意：当唐老师慢慢走进教室的时候，我们可以很清楚地看出他很舍不得离开我们，尽管他只教了我们三个月。修饰动词see应用副词，故将clear改为clearly。‎ ‎5．(2017·东北三省四市一模)After a few months, we all felt that we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had before.____________________‎ strong→stronger　解析：根据后面的than可知，本处应用比较级，much是用来修饰比较级的。‎ ‎6．(2017·安徽六校教育研究会第二次联考)Without Mother and Father’s love, I wouldn’t be leading such a happily life now.____________________‎ happily→happy　解析：句意：没有父母的爱，我现在不会过着这么幸福的生活。修饰名词应用形容词，故将happily改为happy。‎ ‎7．(2017·广东六校联盟联考)A little child is great fun and I like to play with him or her cheerful.____________________‎ cheerful→cheerfully　解析：句意：小孩子很有趣，我喜欢跟他/她一起开心地玩。修饰动词，应用副词，故将cheerful改为cheerfully。‎ ‎8．(2017·广东佛山一模)My mindless words must have hurt him deep. ________________ ‎ deep→deeply　解析：句意：我不经思考的话语肯定已经深深地伤害了他。deep和deeply均可用作副词，但是deep常用来指具体的“深”，如：潜水潜得深用dive deep，而deeply常用来指抽象意义的“深”。‎ ‎9．(2017·河北“五个一联盟”质检)After the bath he looked energy and refreshed. __________________‎ energy→energetic　解析：句意：洗完澡后他看起来精力充沛，精神焕发。look在此意为“看起来”，是连系动词，后面应用形容词充当表语，故用energetic。‎ ‎10．(全国卷Ⅰ)There are so much tomatoes that we often share them with our neighbors. ____________________‎ much→many　解析：tomatoes为可数名词复数，故应用many修饰。‎