高中高考英语知识汇总真题解析教程练习答案形容词与副词

高中高考英语知识汇总真题解析教程练习答案形容词与副词

第六章 形容词和副词 一、形容词、副词的等级 ‎(一)形容词/副词的比较级和最高级构成 ‎1．规则形容词级的构成 单音节词 er 和est型 构成规则 原级 比较级 最高级 一般在词未加-er和-est tall great hard taller greater harder tallest greatest hardest 以e结尾的只加-r和-st nice large nicer larger nicest largest 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加-er,-est dry drier driest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er,-est big thin hot bigger thinner hotter biggest thinnest hottest 双 音节 词 er 和est型 少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble, -ple结尾的双音节单词，方法同单音节词 happy simple clever narrow happier simpler cleverer narrower happiest simplest cleverest narrowest more和most 型 其他的在前面加more,most分别构成比较级和最高级 careful usefull quickly more careful more usefull more quickly most careful most usefull most quickly 多 音节 词 more和most 型 在其前面加more和most difficult beautiful more difficult more beautiful most difficult most beautiful ‎2．不规则形容词的级的构成 ‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best well bad worse worst ill many more most much little less least far farther farthest further furthest old older oldest elder eldest ‎3．形容词、副词递减的比较等级的构成 在形容词、副词前加less和least，表示“较不”和“最不”‎ interesting有趣的 less interesting较无趣的 least interesting最无趣的 important重要的 less important较不重要的 least important最不重要的 ‎4．没有比较级和最高级的形容词、副词 ‎ 有些形容词由于其本身涵义一般不用来比较。如：‎ ① 表示“完全、特别”意义的形容词 ‎ final, hopeless, fatherless, matherless, universal, complete, entire, excellent, perfect, thorough, total, whole, full, empty, relative, homeless, harmless, impossible等。‎ ② 表示“极限、主次”意义的形容词 ‎ chief, extreme, main, major, basic, primary, first, most, wonderful, ‎ ③ 表示“几何形状”的形容词 ‎ angular, circle, level, oval, round, square, horizontal, triangle, straight, hollow等。‎ ④ 表示“处所、方位、时间”的形容词 ‎ ahead, daily, weekly, here, now, present, then, backward, outside, future, once等 ⑤ 表示“状态和强调”的形容词 ‎ asleep, ashamed, awake, aware, blind, deaf, dead, naked，favorite, hardly, simple, very ⑥ 表示“国籍、性质、材料”的形容词 ‎ American, economic, scientific, woolen, true, false, illegal ⑦ 表示“独一无二”的形容词 ‎ mere, only, single, sole, matchless ⑧ junior等词 ‎ junior, senior, inferior, prior没有比较级和最高级，要同to连用，不能和than连用。‎ ⑨“most+形容词”可表达一种程度上非常高的特性和品质，表示“非常”或“在很大程度上”，但却 不表示比较，这时most前一般无the。 ‎ What he said is most interesting.他说的话有趣极了。‎ Don't you know it is a most important question?难道你不知道这是个很重要的问题？‎ ‎（二）形容词比较级和最高级的用法 ‎ 1．二者之间的比较 ‎ （1）递增：用于事物二者之间的比较，表示程度上“更高”；常用从属连词than连接。其结构为含有形容词比较级的主句+than引导的从句（其中意义上和主句相同的部分常省去）。‎ ‎ Tom is taller than his deskmate.汤姆比他同桌高。‎ The black car is more expensive than the red one .这辆黑车比那辆红车更贵。 ‎ ‎ （2）递减：用于事物二者之间的比较，表示程度上“更低”；常用从属连词than连接。‎ She is less beautiful than Mary.她不如玛丽漂亮。‎ ‎ （3）同级比较：表示程度相等（同）或不相等（同）时，as…as， not so(as)… ‎ ‎ as…as之间通常用表示数量、程度、性质的词：many, much, little, few, good, tall, far等。‎ You look as tall as your father.你看上去跟你爸爸一般高。‎ Now Jack isn't driving so fast as he used to.如今杰克开车不如以前那么快了。‎ ‎2．二者以上的事物比较 用于二者以上的事物比较，形容词、副词的最高级表示程度上“最高”。形容词最高级前一般需加定冠词the。‎ This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。‎ ‎3．修饰比较等级常用的副词 形容词和副词的比较等级常用下列词修饰表程度：much, far,by far, even, still, a little, no , ‎ a lot, rather, any(用于否定句或疑问句)a great deal等。 ‎ I'm sure you'll make still greater progress.我肯定你能取得更大的进步。‎ There're now a lot more trees on the hills around the village.‎ 现在村庄四周的山上树木多多了。‎ ‎4．比较级+and+比较级 常用“比较级+and+比较级”来表达“越来越’。 ‎ His voice got weaker and weaker.他的声音越来越弱。‎ Take some medicine and you'll get better and better.吃些药吧，你会越来越好。‎ ‎5． “the+比较级…, the+比较级…”来表达“越…，（就）越…”‎ The harder you study, the greater progress you’ll make.你越努力，进步就越大。‎ ‎6．“the +比较级+of the two”来表示“两个中最…”‎ 表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词， 这时的比较级前一定要加定冠词the。 如:‎ Joan is the taller of the two girls.琼是这两个女孩中较高的一个。‎ ‎7．“more A than B”表示“与其说是B，不如说是A”‎ ‎ He is more diligent than clever.与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。‎ ‎8．表示倍数 ‎（1) 倍数+形容词 (或副词)的比较级+than This rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍)‎ ‎（2）倍数+as+形容词(或much)或副词原级+as This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.‎ 这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)‎ ‎（3）倍数+the size(length, width, height)of This street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。‎ 注意：如果形容词是修饰名词的，要把名词放在形容词后面。即：①倍数+more+名词 (可数，不可数)+than②倍数+as many(或much)+名词+其他+as ‎9．“no+比较级+than”表示该形容词的反义词。‎ ‎ He is no richer than a beggar.他穷得像乞丐。‎ ‎10．使用比较级要注意的几点：‎ ‎（1）比较的对象必须是属于同一性质(范畴)内的人或物。如:‎ ‎[误]The weather of Shanghai is finer than Beijing. ‎ 这句表达的是上海的天气与北京相比，比较对象不一致。应改为：‎ The weather of Shanghai is finer than that of Beijing.‎ ‎（2）要避免比较级中自身与自身比较。如:‎ ‎[误]Joan studies harder than any student in her class.‎ Joan属于any student中的一位，没有排除自身比较。应改为:‎ Joan studies harder than any other student in her class.‎ Joan studies harder than any of the other students in her class.‎ Joan studies harder than anyone else in her class.‎ 上述三个正确的句子可分别用下列结构表示:‎ ‎ any other+单数可数名词 ‎ ……比较级+ than + any of the other+复数可数名词 ‎ anyone else 但是，不同范围的同类人或物进行比较时，则than引导的从句中不用other。 ‎ China‎ is larger than any country in Europe.‎ ‎（3）.要避免重复比较。如:‎ ‎[误] Mary runs more faster than Lucy.‎ more是many/ much的比较级，它只能构成比较级而不能修饰比较级。 应改为: ‎ Mary runs faster than Lucy.‎ ‎【课堂练习】‎ ‎1. The bread is ____ than these cakes ‎ A. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious ‎2. Lin Tao jumped ____ in the long jump in the school sports meeting ‎ ‎ A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far ‎3. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed ______‎ A. happily B. happy C. happier D. happiest ‎4. In our city it’s ____ in July ,but it is even ____ in August ‎ A. hotter hottest B. hot hot C. hotter hot D. hot hotter ‎5. Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second ______ island in china.‎ ‎ A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest ‎ ‎6. An elephant is ____ than a tiger .‎ ‎ A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. Heavier ‎ ‎7. A horse is ______ than a dog .‎ ‎ A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy ‎8. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . She is _____.‎ ‎ A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless ‎9. Which subject is _____ , physics or chemistry ?‎ ‎ A. interesting B. most interesting C. more interesting D. the most interesting ‎ ‎10. He is ___ enough to carry the heavy box .‎ ‎ A. strong B. stronger C. much stronger D. the strongest ‎ ‎11. Li lei often talks ___ but does ___ so everyone says he is a good boy .‎ ‎ A. less,more B. few,much C. more,little D. little,many ‎ ‎12. When the famous singer started to sing , everyone began to shout very ___ .‎ ‎ A. loudly B. loud C. heavily D. high ‎ 巩固提高 ‎1. It takes a long time to go there by train. It’s_______by road.‎ A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker ‎2. ---if you don't like the red coat, take the blue one.‎ ‎---Ok, but do you have _______size in blue? This one's a bit tight for me. ‎ ‎ A. big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger ‎3. ---Are you satisfied with her answer?‎ ‎---Not at all. It couldn't have been_______. ‎ A. worse B. so bad C. better D. the worst ‎4. He made the _______ mistakes in the final exam.‎ ‎ A. less B. least C. fewer D. fewest ‎5.She doesn't speak _______ her friends, but her written work is excellent.‎ ‎ A. as well as B. as often as ‎ C. as much as D. as good as ‎6.The horse is getting old and cannot run _______ it did.‎ ‎ A. as faster as B. so fast than ‎ C. so faster as D. as fast as ‎7.Children shouldn't stay up _______ grown-ups do.‎ ‎ A. as later as B. so late than C. so later as D. as late as ‎8.---How did you find your visit to the museum?‎ ‎ ---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _______ than I expected.‎ ‎ A. far more interesting B. even much interesting ‎ C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting ‎9.He had never spent a _______ day.‎ A. more worry B. most worrying C. more worrying D. most worried ‎10.John has three sisters. Mary is the _______ of the three.‎ ‎ A. most cleverest B. more clever ‎ C. cleverest D. cleverer ‎12.The salesman showed her several bags and she chose _______ one as she didn't want to spend too much money on it.‎ ‎ A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive ‎14.Of the two shirts. I'd like to choose_______one.‎ A. the less expensive B. the most expensive ‎ C. less expensive D. most expensive ‎15.If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was_______choice.‎ A. good B. the best C. better D. the better