新课标高考英语语法定语从句高考真题例析

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新课标高考英语语法定语从句高考真题例析

新课标高考英语语法定语从句高考真题例析 定语从句(一)‎ 考点1 正确选择关系词 ‎1.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.(2014·重庆,9)‎ 答案 which/that 解析 考查定语从句。句意为:再有一个月我们就能完成年初制订的销售目标了。which/that指代targets,在从句中充当set的宾语。‎ ‎2.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014·湖南,31)‎ 答案 when 解析 考查定语从句。先行词为the day,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when。‎ ‎3.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014·安徽,22)‎ 答案 which/that 解析 考查定语从句。先行词是the exact year,定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词,后面缺少宾语,故填which/that。‎ ‎4.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014·山东,10)‎ 答案 whose 解析 考查定语从句。句意为:国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会寻求国外市场的机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company形成所属关系,故应填whose。‎ ‎5.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.(2014·陕西,13)‎ 答案 that 解析 考查定语从句。先行词是information,指物,关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语,且先行词有不定代词all修饰,故关系词只能用that。‎ ‎6.Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013·湖南,21)‎ 答案 who 解析 考查定语从句。句意为:快乐和成功总是会眷顾那些善于认清自己的优点和特长的人。分析句子成分后可知,“ are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定语从句修饰先行词those,从句中缺少主语,指人,所以用who引导。‎ 名师点拨 做此类题的关键是判断先行词和分析句子成分。‎ 若句中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语,则用关系代词;‎ 若句中缺少状语,则用关系副词。‎ 然后再根据先行词的特点确定具体用哪一个关系代(副)词。‎ 考点2 where引导定语从句 ‎7.Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.(2014·福建,31)‎ 答案 where 解析 考查定语从句。关系副词where引导定语从句,修饰先行词community activities,且在从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎8.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work a good impression is a must.(2014·江苏,22)‎ 答案 where 解析 考查定语从句。句意为:这本书在日常交际中给予我很大的帮助,尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。根据句意知关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。‎ ‎9.It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.(2009·福建,24)‎ 答案 where 解析 考查定语从句。先行词是situation,指物,亦可指地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where。‎ 名师点拨 借助于“句子成分分析法”,确定先行词,分析从句中若缺少地点状语,则用where来引导。注意表示抽象地点的先行词有:case,point,situation,condition,activity,job,race,position,stage,degree等。‎ 考点3 which和as引导非限制性定语从句 ‎10.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.(2014·四川,4)‎ 答案 which 解析 考查非限制性定语从句。此题考查which指代整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句,which在定语从句中作主语。句意为:到现在为止,我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子募捐到了50 000英镑,这是完全没有预料到的。‎ ‎11. is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2013·陕西,16)‎ 答案 As 解析 句意为:就像其他小孩子一样,医生来的时候Amy好多了。as is often the case通常就是这样,此处as引导定语从句。‎ ‎12.We have launched another manmade satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper.(2013·天津,6)‎ 答案 which 解析 考查非限制性定语从句。which在此引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子。‎ 名师点拨 as和which引导的定语从句的特点以及两者的区别:as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中、句尾,而which从句只能置于被修饰句子的后面;which可在从句中作实义动词的主语,as不可;主、从句语义不一致时,只能用which;as含有“正如”之意,which没有。‎ 考点4 “名词/代词/数词等+of+which/whom”引导定语从句 ‎13.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, (每一种文化) uses it differently.(2014·天津,12)‎ 答案 each of which 解析 考查定语从句。前后两个分句间无连词,由标点符号“逗号”可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,对先行词diverse cultures进行补充说明,又由后面谓语动词uses可知,应填each of which。‎ ‎14.The children, (所有的孩子) had played the whole day long,were worn out.(2013·浙江,5)‎ 答案 all of whom 解析 考查定语从句。先行词为children,故需要用who(m)来指代,再根据汉语提示即可确定答案。‎ ‎15.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, (大多数人) are family members.(2013·重庆,24)‎ 答案 most of whom 解析 考查定语从句。句意为:约翰大约邀请了40人参加他的婚礼,其中大多数是他的家人。先行词是40 people,指人;再根据句意可知用关系代词whom。‎ 名师点拨 根据标点符号和有无连词,判断是非限制性定语从句还是并列句。如果句与句之间有并列连词and,but或者分号,则是并列句;如果是逗号,且逗号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说明,则是非限制性定语从句,应该使用关系词。然后用“代入”法,把关系代词换成先行词,其关系就一目了然了。如上面1题中each of which = each of the cultures;2题中all of whom = all of the children。‎ 考点5 定语从句与状语从句的比较 ‎16.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.(2013·浙江,13)‎ 答案 where 解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built为定语从句,a viewing platform为先行词,从句缺少地点状语,应当由关系副词where引导。‎ ‎17.If you happen to get lost in the wild,you’d better stay you are and wait for help.(2012·四川,10)‎ 答案 where 解析 考查地点状语从句。where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点,即:你最好呆在你现在所在的地方。‎ ‎18.It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(2014·江西,35)‎ 答案 when 解析 考查状语从句。句意为:当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候,那时是午夜。本句中it指代“时间”,when引导的是一个时间状语从句。‎ 名师点拨 做此类题的关键是分析从句中是否有先行词。若有,则为定语从句;若没有,则是状语从句、强调句等。‎ 考点6 定语从句与强调句的比较 ‎19.It was the culture,rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建,29)‎ 答案 that 解析 考查强调句。句意为:是风俗文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。这里强调主语部分the culture,rather than the language,所以用that引导。‎ 名师点拨 区分定语从句还是强调句,看从句中是否缺少句子成分,如果去掉it is/was...that/who...,结构仍完整,则为强调句,反之,则是定语从句。‎ 定语从句(二)‎ Ⅰ.高考变式——用适当的关系词填空 ‎1.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.(2014·北京,26)‎ 答案 which 解析 考查定语从句。此处Sherlock Holmes是先行词,作recommended的宾语;又因为是非限制性定语从句,故填which。‎ ‎2.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014·浙江,5)‎ 答案 when 解析 考查定语从句。上句说 “我直到五年级才成为一个热衷攀爬的人”,后面句子就是在五年级这个时间,作者去树上把一个风筝取了下来。the fifth grade为先行词,作后面句子的时间状语,故用when引导。‎ ‎3.Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.(2013·北京,27)‎ 答案 where 解析 考查定语从句。句意为:目前,许多国家正在建立一些国家公园,动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。先行词为national parks,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。‎ ‎4.There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.(2013·山东,31)‎ 答案 as 解析 考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。as is often the case为固定搭配,意为“情况通常是这样”。as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整句话的内容,可置于句首、句中或句尾。‎ ‎5.When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ,4)‎ 答案 where 解析 句意为:当我到达的时候,拜伦带我去看了我将要住的房子。此处先行词是the house,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导定语从句。‎ ‎6.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese people’s longheld dreams come true.(2013·安徽,29)‎ 答案 which 解析 句意为:莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人多年来的一个梦想成为现实。which引导非限制性定语从句,指代逗号前的全部内容。‎ ‎7.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.(2013·福建,27)‎ 答案 whose 解析 句意为:这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。本题的先行词是those表示人,定语从句的主语是lives,与先行词构成所属关系,应使用关系代词whose引导。‎ ‎8.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.(2013·江苏,32)‎ 答案 which 解析 考查定语从句。句意为:世界银行的总裁说他喜欢中国,这一点他记得早在他的童年时期就开始了。which指代“喜爱中国”这件事。‎ ‎9.He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013·江西,33)‎ 答案 where 解析 考查定语从句的引导词。句意为:他写了一封信,在信中他解释了事故中发生的事情。定语从句中主谓宾俱全,缺少状语,因此填where,在本句中相当于in which。‎ ‎10.He may win the competition,in case he is likely to get into the national team.(2013·辽宁,34)‎ 答案 which 解析 考查非限制性定语从句。in which case意为“在这种情况下”。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 体裁:记叙文 话题:节假活动 词数:179‎ Wife:It’s Friday today.How do you want to spend the evening,darling?‎ Husband:Well,why not go 1 (dance)?We haven’t done that ‎2 a long time.‎ Wife:Oh,to tell the truth,I don’t really feel like going dancing tonight.I had a hard day and I’m sort of tired.What’s more,I 3 (suppose)to go rock climbing with my colleague Dorothy tomorrow morning.‎ Husband:Well,in that 4 ,we could go to the new movie Life of Pi,by that worldfamous director Ang Lee.I really like his work, 5 will stop showing the day after tomorrow.‎ Wife:Oh,we go to the movies 6 much.Can’t we do something different for a 7 ,honey?‎ Husband:Well,do you have any suggestions?‎ Wife:Let me see.How do you feel about asking some friends over to play cards?‎ Husband:It’s OK with me, 8 we don’t have any beer or anything to eat at home.‎ Wife:Well, 9 is better to call Juliet and ask her and that neighbor of 10 ,David,to come over,and I’ll go to the store and buy some food and drinks.‎ Husband:OK.That’s a good idea.‎ ‎1.答案 dancing 解析 go dancing去跳舞。‎ ‎2.答案 for 解析 句意为:我们很长时间没这么做了。‎ ‎3.答案 am supposed 解析 be supposed to(按习惯、安排等)应该。‎ ‎4.答案 case 解析 in that case固定搭配。‎ ‎5.答案 which 解析 which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰work。‎ ‎6.答案 too 解析 句意为:我们看电影太多了。too much太多。‎ ‎7.答案 change 解析 句意为:我们能不能换个不同的事情呢?for a change 改变一下。‎ ‎8.答案 but 解析 句意为:我还好,但是家里没有啤酒也没有吃的了。表示转折关系,用but。‎ ‎9.答案 it 解析 固定句型:it is better to do...。‎ ‎10.答案 hers 解析 neighbor of hers她的邻居,双重所有格。‎
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