新课标高考英语语法定语从句高考真题例析

新课标高考英语语法定语从句高考真题例析

新课标高考英语语法定语从句高考真题例析 定语从句(一)‎ 考点1　正确选择关系词 ‎1．We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.(2014·重庆，9)‎ 答案　which/that 解析　考查定语从句。句意为：再有一个月我们就能完成年初制订的销售目标了。which/that指代targets，在从句中充当set的宾语。‎ ‎2．I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014·湖南，31)‎ 答案　when 解析　考查定语从句。先行词为the day，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。‎ ‎3．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014·安徽，22)‎ 答案　which/that 解析　考查定语从句。先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，故填which/that。‎ ‎4．A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014·山东，10)‎ 答案　whose 解析　考查定语从句。句意为：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会寻求国外市场的机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company形成所属关系，故应填whose。‎ ‎5．Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.(2014·陕西，13)‎ 答案　that 解析　考查定语从句。先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语，且先行词有不定代词all修饰，故关系词只能用that。‎ ‎6．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013·湖南，21)‎ 答案　who 解析　考查定语从句。句意为：快乐和成功总是会眷顾那些善于认清自己的优点和特长的人。分析句子成分后可知，“ are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定语从句修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，指人，所以用who引导。‎ 名师点拨 做此类题的关键是判断先行词和分析句子成分。‎ 若句中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语，则用关系代词；‎ 若句中缺少状语，则用关系副词。‎ 然后再根据先行词的特点确定具体用哪一个关系代(副)词。‎ 考点2　where引导定语从句 ‎7．Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.(2014·福建，31)‎ 答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词community activities，且在从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎8．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work a good impression is a must.(2014·江苏，22)‎ 答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。句意为：这本书在日常交际中给予我很大的帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。根据句意知关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。‎ ‎9．It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.(2009·福建，24)‎ 答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。‎ 名师点拨 借助于“句子成分分析法”，确定先行词，分析从句中若缺少地点状语，则用where来引导。注意表示抽象地点的先行词有：case，point，situation，condition，activity，job，race，position，stage，degree等。‎ 考点3　which和as引导非限制性定语从句 ‎10．Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children， is quite unexpected.(2014·四川，4)‎ 答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定语从句。此题考查which指代整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语。句意为：到现在为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子募捐到了50 000英镑，这是完全没有预料到的。‎ ‎11． is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2013·陕西，16)‎ 答案　As 解析　句意为：就像其他小孩子一样，医生来的时候Amy好多了。as is often the case通常就是这样，此处as引导定语从句。‎ ‎12．We have launched another manmade satellite， is announced in today’s newspaper.(2013·天津，6)‎ 答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定语从句。which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。‎ 名师点拨 as和which引导的定语从句的特点以及两者的区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中、句尾，而which从句只能置于被修饰句子的后面；which可在从句中作实义动词的主语，as不可；主、从句语义不一致时，只能用which；as含有“正如”之意，which没有。‎ 考点4　“名词/代词/数词等＋of＋which/whom”引导定语从句 ‎13．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， (每一种文化) uses it differently.(2014·天津，12)‎ 答案　each of which 解析　考查定语从句。前后两个分句间无连词，由标点符号“逗号”可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，对先行词diverse cultures进行补充说明，又由后面谓语动词uses可知，应填each of which。‎ ‎14．The children， (所有的孩子) had played the whole day long，were worn out.(2013·浙江，5)‎ 答案　all of whom 解析　考查定语从句。先行词为children，故需要用who(m)来指代，再根据汉语提示即可确定答案。‎ ‎15．John invited about 40 people to his wedding， (大多数人) are family members.(2013·重庆，24)‎ 答案　most of whom 解析　考查定语从句。句意为：约翰大约邀请了40人参加他的婚礼，其中大多数是他的家人。先行词是40 people，指人；再根据句意可知用关系代词whom。‎ 名师点拨 根据标点符号和有无连词，判断是非限制性定语从句还是并列句。如果句与句之间有并列连词and，but或者分号，则是并列句；如果是逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说明，则是非限制性定语从句，应该使用关系词。然后用“代入”法，把关系代词换成先行词，其关系就一目了然了。如上面1题中each of which ＝ each of the cultures；2题中all of whom ＝ all of the children。‎ 考点5　定语从句与状语从句的比较 ‎16．The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.(2013·浙江，13)‎ 答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知， visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built为定语从句，a viewing platform为先行词，从句缺少地点状语，应当由关系副词where引导。‎ ‎17．If you happen to get lost in the wild，you’d better stay you are and wait for help.(2012·四川，10)‎ 答案　where 解析　考查地点状语从句。where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点，即：你最好呆在你现在所在的地方。‎ ‎18．It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(2014·江西，35)‎ 答案　when 解析　考查状语从句。句意为：当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时是午夜。本句中it指代“时间”，when引导的是一个时间状语从句。‎ 名师点拨 做此类题的关键是分析从句中是否有先行词。若有，则为定语从句；若没有，则是状语从句、强调句等。‎ 考点6　定语从句与强调句的比较 ‎19．It was the culture，rather than the language， made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建，29)‎ 答案　that 解析　考查强调句。句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。这里强调主语部分the culture，rather than the language，所以用that引导。‎ 名师点拨 区分定语从句还是强调句，看从句中是否缺少句子成分，如果去掉it is/was...that/who...，结构仍完整，则为强调句，反之，则是定语从句。‎ 定语从句(二)‎ Ⅰ.高考变式——用适当的关系词填空 ‎1．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.(2014·北京，26)‎ 答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。此处Sherlock Holmes是先行词，作recommended的宾语；又因为是非限制性定语从句，故填which。‎ ‎2．I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade， I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014·浙江，5)‎ 答案　when 解析　考查定语从句。上句说 “我直到五年级才成为一个热衷攀爬的人”，后面句子就是在五年级这个时间，作者去树上把一个风筝取了下来。the fifth grade为先行词，作后面句子的时间状语，故用when引导。‎ ‎3．Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.(2013·北京，27)‎ 答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。句意为：目前，许多国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。先行词为national parks，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎4．There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.(2013·山东，31)‎ 答案　as 解析　考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。as is often the case为固定搭配，意为“情况通常是这样”。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整句话的内容，可置于句首、句中或句尾。‎ ‎5．When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ，4)‎ 答案　where 解析　句意为：当我到达的时候，拜伦带我去看了我将要住的房子。此处先行词是the house，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。‎ ‎6．Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， made one of the Chinese people’s longheld dreams come true.(2013·安徽，29)‎ 答案　which 解析　句意为：莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人多年来的一个梦想成为现实。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的全部内容。‎ ‎7．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.(2013·福建，27)‎ 答案　whose 解析　句意为：这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。本题的先行词是those表示人，定语从句的主语是lives，与先行词构成所属关系，应使用关系代词whose引导。‎ ‎8．The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China， he remembers starting as early as his childhood.(2013·江苏，32)‎ 答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。句意为：世界银行的总裁说他喜欢中国，这一点他记得早在他的童年时期就开始了。which指代“喜爱中国”这件事。‎ ‎9．He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013·江西，33)‎ 答案　where 解析　考查定语从句的引导词。句意为：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的事情。定语从句中主谓宾俱全，缺少状语，因此填where，在本句中相当于in which。‎ ‎10．He may win the competition，in case he is likely to get into the national team.(2013·辽宁，34)‎ 答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定语从句。in which case意为“在这种情况下”。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 体裁：记叙文　话题：节假活动　词数：179‎ Wife：It’s Friday today.How do you want to spend the evening，darling?‎ Husband：Well，why not go 1 (dance)？We haven’t done that ‎2 a long time.‎ Wife：Oh，to tell the truth，I don’t really feel like going dancing tonight.I had a hard day and I’m sort of tired.What’s more，I 3 (suppose)to go rock climbing with my colleague Dorothy tomorrow morning.‎ Husband：Well，in that 4 ，we could go to the new movie Life of Pi，by that worldfamous director Ang Lee.I really like his work， 5 will stop showing the day after tomorrow.‎ Wife：Oh，we go to the movies 6 much.Can’t we do something different for a 7 ，honey?‎ Husband：Well，do you have any suggestions?‎ Wife：Let me see.How do you feel about asking some friends over to play cards?‎ Husband：It’s OK with me， 8 we don’t have any beer or anything to eat at home.‎ Wife：Well， 9 is better to call Juliet and ask her and that neighbor of 10 ，David，to come over，and I’ll go to the store and buy some food and drinks.‎ Husband：OK.That’s a good idea.‎ ‎1．答案　dancing 解析　go dancing去跳舞。‎ ‎2．答案　for 解析　句意为：我们很长时间没这么做了。‎ ‎3．答案　am supposed 解析　be supposed to(按习惯、安排等)应该。‎ ‎4．答案　case 解析　in that case固定搭配。‎ ‎5．答案　which 解析　which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰work。‎ ‎6．答案　too 解析　句意为：我们看电影太多了。too much太多。‎ ‎7．答案　change 解析　句意为：我们能不能换个不同的事情呢？for a change 改变一下。‎ ‎8．答案　but 解析　句意为：我还好，但是家里没有啤酒也没有吃的了。表示转折关系，用but。‎ ‎9．答案　it 解析　固定句型：it is better to do...。‎ ‎10．答案　hers 解析　neighbor of hers她的邻居，双重所有格。‎