高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总

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高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总

高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总   介词不能单独使用,必须后跟宾语,构成介词短语在句中使用,介词短语由介词+宾语构成,在句中可作状语、定语和表语等。   in, on, to, with, by, for, at, from, up, beyond, before, among, of, off, against, like, since, besides, behind, during等 about   be about to … 即将做……   What/How about …?  ……怎么样 for   交换:  He sold the house for 50,000 yuan.   达到某一数值:She wrote a check for £20.   赞成,拥护:I’m for getting up early and going to bed early.   固定搭配:   for one thing     首先   for example      例如   for ever        永远   for the time being   暂时,目前   for instance      例如   for free        免费   for the first time   第一次   for sale        出售,待售   watch out for     警惕   long for        渴望   for one’s good    为(某人)好 with   和……一起::He is playing table tennis with Tom.   用……工具:Don’t write with a pencil.   随着:The weather changes with seasons.   带有,具有:Our company needs people with specialized knowledge.   行为方式:Handle with care!   原因:She shivered with cold.   注意:with的复合结构 :常在句中作状语,表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。   She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)   她经常开着窗户睡觉。   He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.)   他手里拿着本书进来了。   She felt scared with so many people looking at her. (doing)   这么多人看着她,她感到害怕。   With everything bought, he left the market.  (done)   买完了所需要的东西之后,他离开了市场。   With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .(to ‎ do)   由于没有什么事情可做,他便到外面散步。   He left his room with the light on. (adv.)   他离开了房间,灯亮着。 by   用于被动结构:This book was written by Lu Xun.   表地点,“靠近,在……的旁边”:There is a pumping station by the river.   表时间,“在……之前,不迟于”: You must hand in your homework by tomorrow.   表方法、手段:You will make progress only by studying hard.   途径: He entered by the back door.   表示按某物标准或单位:The company paid me by the hour.   根据,按照……:Don’t judge a person by his appearance.   触及,持住某人的身体或衣物:I took the boy by the hand.   表增减程度: He missed the target by an inch.   固定搭配:     little by little    逐渐地   stone by stone     一块石头一块石头地   one by one       一个一个地   by mistake       由疏忽所至   by no means      决不   by accident      偶然   by chance       偶然,碰巧   by oneself       独自   by and by       不久以后   by far         ……得多,最…… to   趋于,倾向(某种情况,性质等),至某种状态: I was moved to tears.   到(地点):Last week her aunt came to Shanghai.   给:I often write to my uncle.   差(时间):It is ten to eleven.   比: The score is 2 to 1.   伴随:He danced to the music.   他随着音乐跳舞。   固定搭配:   to one’s delight =to the delight of sb.        使某人高兴的是   to one’s joy = to the joy of sb.           使某人高兴的是   to one’s sorrow=to the sorrow of sb.         使某人悲伤的是   to one’s astonishment =to the astonishment of sb.   使某人大吃一惊的是   to one’s surprise =to the surprise of sb.       使某人吃惊的是 off   离……, 从……离开:It is an island off the coast of France. through   通过,“从一边进,从另一边出”:She pushed her way through the crowd.   由于:The war was lost through bad organization.   从头至尾,由始至终:I read through the book.   各处:We traveled through ‎ France. beyond   表示位置在那一边,超出(范围、限度):   My home is beyond the bridge.   This is beyond my comprehension.   The fruit was beyond my reach. against   反对,违背:We are against waste.   靠着,倚: I sat against the wall.   以……为背景,衬托: The picture looks good against that light wall.   防御:We are all taking medicine against the disease.   我们大家都在吃药预防那种病。   与……相反,逆着: We sailed against the wind. at   在 (表空间、地点):I don’t know the man standing at the gate.   在……时刻(表时间):We usually go to work at two in the afternoon.   以……(速度、价格):They sold their beef at a high price.   处于……状态,从事于: The two countries were at war.   表示目标,意为“朝,对”:We had a heated argument and shouted at each other.   与有情感的词语连用(如angry, delighted, glad, happy, sad, disappointed, shocked, excited等)表示产生这些感情的原因,“因为,对于”:   I was surprised at the news.   We were in deep sorrow at his death.   I’m glad at hearing your return home from Canada.   His parents were disappointed at his losing the chance to university.   固定搭配:   at the latest   最迟   at sea      在海上,在航海   at once      马上   at most      至多   at least     至少   at first     起初,开始的时候   at present    目前   at one time    曾经   at a time     一次   at breakfast   吃早餐时   at the same time 同时   at stake     在胜败关头,冒风险 over   超过:There are over twenty girls in our class.   遍于:I have traveled all over Europe.   在……上方(与under相反):There is a bridge over the river.   越过(尤指先往上再往下):He jumped over the wall.   在……期间: Will you be at home over Christmas?   通过: I don’t want to say it over the ‎ telephone.   在……上面盖着:He put the newspaper over his face. in   在……方面:Your success in the examination depends upon your efforts now.   用……语言:  He wrote a letter in English.   表示计算或度量的标准,“用……,以……”:The energy is measured in calories.   在……之内(表时间或空间):The work was completed in two weeks.   过……后(时间):It will be ready in a week.   穿、戴:He is in a silk shirt.   表状态:He was in poor health.   The room is in a mess.   表示原材料:The letter was written in ink.   固定搭配:   in public     公开地   in order to    为了   in no time    立刻   in common     共同,共用   in all      总共   in fact      实际上   in the end    最后,终于   in the distance  在远处   in a low voice  低声地   in a word     总之   in other words  换句话说   in modern times  现代,近代   in place     在适当的地方   in general    一般说来   in the past    在过去   in this way    用这种方法   in return     作为回报   in short     简言之   in the open air  在户外   take pride in   以……自豪   take part in   参加   play a part in  在……方面起作用   in the form of  以……形式   in sight     在视力范围之内,看得见   in case      万一   in the name of  以……名义   in detail     详细地 on   在……的表面上:There are two maps on the wall.   在……的时候(某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上),表具体或特殊的日子:   On the morning of November 12, 1939, Dr. Bethune breathed his last.   有关,论及:I have written an article on the importance of birth ‎ control.   在……河畔,沿着:London is on the Thames.   是……的一员:My classmate is on China Daily.   固定搭配:   on doing sth.   一……就……   on leave     休假   on purpose    故意   on holiday    度假   on the whole   总的来说   on fire      着火   on one’s own   独自,单独   on strike     罢工   on the left/right 在左/右边   on the contrary  相反地   on sale      出售/减价   on average    平均   on the air    (无线电/电视)播送   on board     在车/船/飞机上   call on sb.    拜访某人   on behalf of   代表   On (hearing)...  一(听到)……就…… of   和某一动词连用表示“想到”,“谈到”:He began to talk of his hometown.   表示所属关系:He is a worker of the Beijing. from   from among(从……当中),from behind (从……后面),from under (从……下面),at about (在大约……左右),after about(在大约……之后),from across(从……的对岸),from above(从……上方)等   I took a ball from under the table.  我从桌底拿出一个球。 易错点点拨:   1.in 与within   in后接表示时间长度的名词,可以与将来时或过去时连用。如果它与将来时连用,则常表示“过一段时间之后”;如果与非将来时连用,常表示“在……之内”。   The train will arrive in fifteen minutes. 火车还有十五分钟就到了。   within后接表示时间长度的名词,表示在这一范围之内,“不超过,不到”某一段时间。可以同将来时和过去时连用,比in更正式。   I shall be back within three weeks.  我三周之内回来。   2.in 和after   in后接一段时间,after接某一点的时间,均可用于将来时。in不可以接表示某一点的时间名词,而after如果在过去时的句子中可以加一段的时间名词,表示从过去某一时间算起,in加一段时间指从现在的时间算起。   I’ll come back in an hour.   我要在一小时后回来。 ( in an hour为一段时间 )   I’ll come back after three o’clock.   我要在三点钟之后回来。( three o’clock为时间点 ‎ )   3.through , across和over   它们都可用作介词,与动词连用,表示“通过,穿过”。但across强调在某一物体平面上运动,与on有关,侧重横贯式横向通过;through强调运动在某一物体的三维空间(内部)进行,与in有关,侧重在空间穿过;over是从某物体上方越过,或在高形物上穿过,当表示在某一长形物的另一边时用法同across.   Then we took off and flew over the mountain.   随后我们起飞了,飞过高山。   The road runs through the village.   这条路穿过这村子。   They walked across the square.   他们走过广场。   4.besides 和except, but   besides “除……之外,还有……”,表示附加意义;except “除了,不包括”,常与表示全肯定或全部否定的词连用,表示整体中除去例外,即整体中不再包括除去部分。but意义与except相同,但语气较except弱;使用except的限制较少,而使用but则有许多限制,but只能用在none, all, nobody, anybody, everything, everyone,以及who, what, where之后。   We all went to the party besides Tom.   除了汤姆参加了晚会,我们也去了。   We all went to the party except /but Tom.   除了汤姆没去晚会,我们都去了。   Who but/except a fool would do such a thing?   除了傻瓜,有谁会做这样的事情呢?   5.except 和except for   except 是从一组东西中排除其特殊一个或几个,except for则是以保留的方式对整个句子内容进行修正,也就是说,如果两部分所用的词或词组所表示的并非同一类事,而它们之间又是所属关系,句子后半部对前半部所说的基本情况在细节上加以修正,就要用except for。except只用于句中、句末,不用于句首。Except for可用于句首。   I looked everywhere except in the bathroom.   除了浴室之外,我到处都看了。   He is a good man except for hot temper.   他是个好人,只是脾气暴躁而已。   6.It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth./ It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.   如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格,在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语,则sb.前应用介词of,否则就用for。   It’s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.   我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。   It was foolish of him to give up the job.   他放弃那工作是愚蠢的。(= He was foolish to give up the job.)   7. between 和 among   between 一般表示在两者之间,也可表示在两个以上的人或物的两者之间。   among用于三者以上,常指数目不确定的事物,还可用于最高级=one of…‎ ‎   虽然between和among都可表示在两者以上之间,但among用于不分别看待的一堆或一群人或物之间,between强调把两者以上各个个体分别看待,而且这些人或物为数不多,彼此界限分明,强调每两者之间的关系。   Distribute the books among the students.   把书发给学生。(有一群学生)   The speaker referred to the relations between the three countries.   发言的人提到了这三个国家之间的关系。(这三个国家之间的每两者间的关系)   China is among the oldest countries in the world.   中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。(among =one of)   8. by, in 和with   by 表示方法、手段,交通工具;in  表示原料、语言等;with 表示用工具和五官等   I write with my right hand.   我用右手写字。(五官)   The article was written in ink.   这篇文章是用钢笔写的。(in ink 表示原料=with a pen表示工具)‎
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