高考英语语法复习专题九

高考英语语法复习专题九

语法系列复习专题九-----名词从句、定语从句 名词从句 名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：‎ 宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go.‎ 主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.‎ 表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.‎ 同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.‎ 下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：‎ 1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether ‎ 可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：‎ （1） 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).‎ （2） 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job. ‎ （3） 引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.‎ （4） 介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.‎ 1． 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。‎ 例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.‎ 2． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋‎ that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。‎ 例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.‎ It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.‎ It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.‎ 3． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.‎ 例如：The reason why he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.‎ 4． 名词从句中that,what用法比较：‎ 引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the ‎ thing(s) that.‎ 例如：It was told in yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised ‎ the things(that)‎ 无意义 ‎ by the factory. ‎ I know that he will study.‎ I know what he will study.‎ That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.‎ What he works hard at is known to us all.‎ All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he ‎ used to be.他和以前大不相同了。‎ 1． where在名词从句中的使用特点：‎ where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如：‎ 主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.‎ 宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?‎ 表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.‎ 同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?‎ 2． 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：‎ I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.‎ 当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：‎ What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.‎ Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.‎ 名词从句考点分析 ‎1．They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET)‎ ‎ A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they ‎ 析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do后无宾 ‎ 语，故也应排除，只有A项既是陈述语序，且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他 ‎ 们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为A。‎ ‎2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.‎ ‎ A.didn’t think;was;that B.thought;was;whether ‎ C.didn’t think;was;× D.thought;wasn´t;×‎ ‎ 析：观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句 ‎ 的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此，可排除C、D ‎ 两个选项。若选B项，全句意思不通，而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不 ‎ 值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定A是正确答案。‎ ‎3．______ is done cannot be undone.‎ ‎ A.How B.That C.What D.Where ‎ 析：do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语（逻辑上是done的宾语）。‎ ‎ 而A.How,D.Where均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句 ‎ 中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选what(＝the thing that),才 ‎ 能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。‎ ‎4．Take care ______ you don´t make mistakes in the coming exam.‎ ‎ A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that ‎ 析：take care是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心 ‎ 不要…”意思，据此，该题应选D。‎ ‎5．To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put.‎ ‎ A.which B.where C.the place D.that ‎ 析：观察题干，was not后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where,‎ ‎ 将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而C选项缺少词，不可 ‎ 选。A、D项皆不合用。‎ ‎6．______ we can´t get seems better than ______ we have. ‎ ‎ A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what ‎ 析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即 ‎ “A seems better that B”结构，根据what＝the thing(s) that这一特点，将其置 ‎ 于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为A。‎ ‎7．______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. ‎ ‎ A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where ‎ 析：此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表 ‎“是否”意时，只能用 ‎ Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。‎ ‎8．______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better ‎ ‎ cars.‎ ‎ A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that ‎ 析：is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的（东西）”这一意思，只能选what ‎ 填入空白;is是表语从句，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”，故 ‎ 答案为B。‎ ‎9．He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.‎ ‎ A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off ‎ 析：suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用（should）do的形式，且 ‎ 该句中test与put off为被动关系，故选B。‎ ‎10．I don´t think ______ he said something like that is right.‎ ‎ A.that B.what C.whether D.when ‎ 析：此句think后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在is 之前，它是一个被动句。‎ ‎ 因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义，‎ ‎ 不做成分的that才合适，故选A。‎ 定语从句 一、 定语从句与引导词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，‎ 而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。‎ 懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。‎ 1． 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose ‎ 作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：‎ ‎ The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)‎ ‎ That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定 ‎ 语从句中作宾语，可省略)‎ ‎ I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that 代人，在定从中作表语)‎ ‎ A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which ‎ 或that代物，在定从中作主语)‎ 1． 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。‎ 例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)‎ The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.‎ 注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We´ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.‎ ‎(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)‎ They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.‎ ‎(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)‎ 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代 词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping´s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。)‎ He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)‎ 三、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1． 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted ‎ ‎ him.‎ 2） 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./That´s the only watch that I like most.‎ 3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.‎ 1） 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?‎ 2） 先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?‎ 1． 不用that的场合如下：‎ ‎1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long ‎ March . ‎ ‎2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news ‎3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.‎ 四、“介词＋关系代词”用法 1． 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)‎ 2． 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)‎ 3． 当关系代词作“动词＋介词”‎ 固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which you´re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.‎ 五、几个名词后的引导词 1. situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in ‎ ‎ which you can use the word?‎ 2. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?‎ 3. ‎“the same＋名词”，“such＋名词”，“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。‎ 例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.‎ 定语从句考点分析 1． The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.‎ A.which;that B.that;× C.×;that D.×;×‎ 析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。‎ 1． It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.‎ It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.‎ A.when B.which C.that D.×‎ 析：第一句是强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was＋强调部分＋that句”，故应选C。第二句It是表时间的，先行词1969在从句中作状语，故选A。‎ 2． Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born?‎ A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where 析：观察题目，空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？”这一意思，故答案为C。‎ 3． Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born?‎ A.where B.which C.in which D.at which 析：将此句变为陈述句；This house is ______ Shakespeare was born.显然is后是一表语从句，只有选where(＝the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思，故答案为A。‎ 4． In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for ‎ ‎ help. ‎ ‎ A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that ‎ 析：“介词＋关系代词”‎ 要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配，这道题短语turn to有关，故 ‎ 应选A。‎ 1． The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim´s gold watch and Della´s ‎ ‎ hair. ‎ ‎ A．about which B.of which C.in which D.for which ‎ 析：涉及be/feel proud of短语，故答案为B。‎ 2． Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late.‎ A.why B.that C.for which D.what 析：此题易误选A、C，因为先行词是the reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是B。注意what不能引导定语从句。‎ 3． Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain.‎ A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where 析：因为difficult是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where(＝in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为A。‎ 4． We need the same machine ______ in your factory.‎ A.which is being used B.as is being used ‎ ‎ C.that is being used D.as it is being used ‎ 析：根据“the same＋先行词”后跟as引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为B。‎ ‎10．______ the people,not things ______ are most important.‎ A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who 析：仔细观察分析题目，可知只有C构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其为强调 句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is (或was)…that”这三个词去掉，剩下部分读 起来正确无误，则证明判断是正确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It is…that”‎ 三词，句子是The people,not things are most important.语义完整正确，说明选 C是对的。‎ 名词从句、定语从句专练 ‎1.______ surprised me most was the news ______ our team won.‎ ‎ A.That;that B.What;which C.What;that D.That;which ‎2.This is the only book ______ I want to read.‎ ‎ A.which B.that C.what D.as ‎3.The reason ______ I am so late is ______ the bus.‎ ‎ A. that;I didn´t catch B.×;that I missed ‎ C.why;because I have missed D.×;because my not catching ‎ 1. The problem ______ has been completely settled.‎ A.which you thought B.that you thought ‎ C.about which you thought it D.that you thought about 2. Is this the tape－recorder you wish ______?‎ A.to have it repaired B.to repair it C.to have repaired D.repairing 3. The electric toy ______ last month has gone out of order.‎ A.I bought it for him B.which I bought to him C.I bought for him D.that I bought to him 4. His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows,______ he oculd see nothing but tress.‎ A.frm which B.from where C.where D.from there 5. Every minute ______ full use of to study our lessons will do our students good.‎ A.which makes B.that is made C.that made D.what is made 6. Will it be two months ______ we can get another one?‎ A.that B.when C.before D.in which ‎10.After graduation we should go ______ our Party needs us most.‎ A.to the place which B.in which C.that D.where ‎11.There is a popular belief among parents ______ schools are no louger interested ‎ ‎ in handwriting.‎ ‎ A.who B.whose C.that D.which ‎12.He lent me a lot of maney,______ I couldn’t buy the TV set.‎ ‎ A.with it B.for which C.without which D.by which ‎13.Water power stations are bulit ______ big water falls.‎ ‎ A.which are B.which has C.where there have D.where there are ‎14.The direction ______ a force acts can be changed.‎ ‎ A.how B.which C.towards D.×‎ ‎15.Was it yesterday ______ you received the letter from her?‎ ‎ A.when B.which C.on which D.that ‎16.In the end she decided to sell the house ______ windows were almost broken.‎ ‎ A.which B.that C.of which D.whose ‎17.That ______ you lent me wasn’t _____ I wanted.‎ ‎ A.that;all B.which;all C.that;what D.which;that ‎18.Each time ______ they met,they would talk long hours together.‎ ‎ A.during B.which C.where D.×‎ ‎19.This is the third week ______ for the rubbish.‎ ‎ A.that they didn’t come B.they aren’t coming ‎ ‎ C.they haven’t come D.when they haven’t come ‎20.On the desk ______ a Chinese brush ______ he had made drawing.‎ ‎ A.lay;with which B.lies;by which C.laid;in which D.lay;on which ‎21.We´ll never forget the days ______ we spent on the seashore.‎ ‎ A.during which B.in which C.when D.×‎ ‎22.The beautiful church ______ we see there is very famous.‎ ‎ A.the tower which B.of whose tower C.the tower of which D.of which tower ‎23.The 11th Asian Games, ______ China won 183 gold medals,was held in the autumn ‎ ‎ of 1990.‎ ‎ A.which B.that C.at which D.at that ‎24.The only thing ______ is wrong with this is ______ a friend of mine said to me ‎ ‎ the other day.‎ ‎ A.which;what B.what;that C.that;what D.that;which ‎25.Who is he man ______ is talking with John?‎ ‎ A.which B.who C.what D.that ‎26.The farmer uses wood to build a house ______ to store grains.‎ ‎ A.with which B.to where C.which D.in which ‎27.I really don´t know ______ I had my pocket picked.‎ ‎ A.where was it that B.it was where that ‎ ‎ C.where it was that D.was it where that ‎28.He insisted that he ______ right in doing that.‎ ‎ A.should be B.was C.would be D.is ‎29.——Have you heard from Mary recently?‎ ‎ ——Yes,she said she was thinking ______ she should do next.‎ ‎ A.that B.of what C.what D.how ‎30.Can you guess ______?‎ ‎ A.who that man is B.who is that man ‎ ‎ C.what is that man D.whom that man is ‎31.Tom told his aunt that he ______ what he was doing during the time when he was ‎ ‎ in the country.‎ ‎ A.had just asked B.had just been asked C.was just asked D.just asked ‎32.The reason ______ she gave for not being present was ______ the heavy snow ‎ ‎ prevented her coming.‎ ‎ A.×;because B.why;because C.×;that D.why;whether ‎33.Air is to us ______ water is to fish.‎ ‎ A.what B.that C.which D.is that ‎34.The free ticket will be sent to ______ comes first.‎ ‎ A.whoever B.whomever C.whosever D.no matter who ‎35.______ is still unknown when the president will make a public speech.‎ ‎ A.It B.That C.He D.What ‎36.I don´t know ______ is ______ I was born.‎ ‎ A.that;when B.that;what C.that;where D.what;where ‎37.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants. ‎ ‎ A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever ‎38.Father made a promise ______ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.‎ ‎ A.that B.if C.whether D.that if ‎39.As many nembers ______ were present agreed to the plan.‎ ‎ A.who B.that C.which D.as ‎40.______ can be seen from his face,he is quite satisfied.‎ ‎ A.That B.It C.Which D.As 名词从句、定语从句专练答案 ‎1－‎5 C B B D C 6－‎10 C B B C D 11－‎15 C C D D D ‎ ‎16－20 D B D C A 21－25 D C C C D 26－30 D C B B A ‎ ‎31－35 B C A A A 36－‎40 C B D D D ‎