高考英语不定式分词所做成分之教学案

高考英语不定式分词所做成分之教学案

高考英语不定式、分词所做成分之教学案 一． 分词做状语 ‎ 分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 ‎ ‎1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ，____ to the notice.‎ ‎ A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily ‎ C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing ‎ 简析：该题应选A。测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。若B 答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。‎ ‎2. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.‎ ‎ A. Not receiving B. Receiving not ‎ C. Not having received D. Having not received ‎ 简析：该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。‎ ‎3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.‎ ‎ A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added ‎ 简析：该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。　‎ 另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。)‎ ‎ 例：The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.‎ ‎ A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied ‎ 简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands，而不是句子的主语 The murderer , 而 his hands 对于动词 tie 来说只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。 ‎ 综上所述，现在分词与过去分词的根本区别是主、被动关系，正确认定逻辑主语是正确使用分词的关键。明白这一道理并不难，最重要的是要养成“分析句子成分——寻找逻辑主语——判断主被动关系”这一思维定势。‎ 再如：‎ ‎① Hearing the news , they got excited. When they heard the news, hey got the news 现在分词 　 逻辑主语.‎ 从这个例句中看出，现在分词的发出者是主句的主语they,且主句的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系 ‎②she got home, feeling very tired.‎ ‎ 逻辑主语　　　　　　现在分词 ‎　主句的主语与feeling 形成主谓关系 ‎③Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. When I was crossing the road, I saw a girl crying.‎ ‎ 注： 当句主句的主语与从句的动词表示动作正在进行．除了省略其连接词because, if , once, when ,从句中的主语，还要省略其be 动词．‎ ‎④When he was climbing the step, he heard terrible voice.‎ ‎ Climbing the step, he heard terrible voice ‎⑤Because he is a child, he can’t enter into the interbar.‎ Being a child, he can’t enter into the interbar ‎ 当从句中出现主＋n/adj, 且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，用be 动词的现在分词形式．即　Being +n/adj.‎ Being excited, he speaks incoherently. Because he is excited, he speaks incoherently.‎ 注意：当主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时，那么从句现在分词是独立的主格结构。从句中的主语不能省略。‎ ‎⑥Wheather permitting, we’ll go camping. If wheather permits, we’ll go camping.‎ ‎ 主语 现在分词主语 ‎ 主语不一致 形成主谓关系 ‎ ‎ 从上面中可以看出，主句中的主语与从句中的主语不一致。从句中的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系。因此，现在分词前不能省略其主语 ‎⑦He sat in the chair, his glaring eyes looking at her.‎ ‎⑧ I feel very excited, this being the first time to won the first.‎ ‎ I feel very excited, because this is my fist time to won the first..‎ 现在分词的时态和语态 ‎ 主动 被动 ‎ ‎ ‎ 一般式 (指动作通常是一般性的动作，来即不明确说明 doing 发生在现在，也不说明发生在过去，将来 being done ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 完成式 （指ing形式的完成式发生在 having done having been done 主句的谓语的动作之前 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎①Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her knowing 为一般式，‎ ‎② Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre ‎ We 与brought 为主动关系 ‎ 从上句的句意中得知，买票的动作发生在进电影院之前。所以要用having done的形式 ‎③ Having cleaned the classroom, he went home.‎ clean的动作发生在 go 的动作之前 ‎④ Having been told many times, he still reported the same mistake.‎ ‎ he 和 tell 为被动关系 有些现在分词做状语是固定结构，要记住，如jugging from/by, generally speaking, turning to ‎ ‎① Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.‎ ‎②Generally speaking , his answer is right.‎ ‎③Turning to the left, he saw a bus passing.‎ 二 过去分词 ‎1）过去分词做状语（表原因，让步，时间，结果。。。。） 过去分词与主句的主语是动宾关系，即过去分词与主语是被动关系。‎ ① The teacher came into classroom into the lab, followed by some students ‎ ‎ Teacher 与followed 形成被动关系 ‎ ‎ 句意为老师进入教室，后面跟了一些学生。‎ ‎② The teacher came into classroom, following the teacher.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ The teacher 与following 形成主动关系。 ‎ ② Given a chance, I can surprise the world.‎ ③ He stood in front of the room with his arms folded.‎ ‎2）过去分词的主语与从句的主语不一致，过去分词用独立的结构。其过去分词前面也要带上主语。‎ ‎ ④ All things considered, her paper is of great value than yours.‎ ‎ 不是同个主语 ‘‎ ‎ 从上面中，我们可以看到，things 与her paper 不是同一个主语.所以过去分词前的主语不能省略。‎ ‎ 三，不定式。‎ 不定式做状语往往表示目的，原因，结果，比较和独立的成分。表是原因，结果时，不可置于句首。‎ ① She shut the window in order to (keep the insects out) (表目的)‎ ② To get a job, he need a PHD..‎ He need a PHD in order to get a job ‎ 注：当不定式位于句首时表目的时，相当于in order to 或so as to ‎ ③ To find a job, he attended many interviews ‎ He attended many interviews in order to find a job.‎ ④ You were silly not to have locked your car (不定式表原因)‎ ⑤ To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.‎ ‎ 常见的这类短语有to be frank (坦白的说)， to be exact(确切地说)，to begin with(首先)，to make a long story short(长话短说)等。‎ 四，确定分词的使用的具体步骤 ‎（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 ‎（2）找准逻辑主语 ‎（3）判断主、被动关系 ‎（4）选定现在或过去分词 ‎1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. ‎ A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是修饰 noise 的定语短语；据常识“雷声随闪电之后到来”，自然A noise follows the sudden burst of light , noise与follow是主动关系。因此，该题应选B。‎ ‎2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. ‎ A. first playing B. to be first played ‎ ‎ C. first played D. to be playing 简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；The Olympic Games是动词 play 的承受者，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题选C。‎ ‎3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?‎ ‎ A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 简析：该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken ‎4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.‎ A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 who were invited ‎5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.‎ A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which were written 五，分词作表语 共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。‎ ‎　　不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。　 ‎ ‎1. The news sounds ____.‎ ‎ A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage ‎ 简析：根据语法分析可知， sounds 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选部分应作表语 ；The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即消息鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选A。‎ ‎2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time? ‎ ‎—Well, his father seems ____ with his results.‎ ‎ A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please ‎ 简析：根据语法分析可知, seems 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选部分作表语。 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴。因此, 该题应选C。‎ ‎3. —How did the audience receive the new play? ‎ ‎—They got very ____.‎ ‎ A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting ‎ 简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。 ‎ 六，分词作宾语补足语 共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。‎ ‎　　不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。‎ ‎1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead. ‎ ‎ A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying ‎ 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系, 且lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此, 该题应选A。‎ ‎2. —Good morning. Can I help you?‎ ‎ —I’d like to have the package ____, madam.‎ ‎ A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed ‎ 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作宾补，补充说明宾语 the package; 再根据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说, 只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。‎ ‎3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.‎ ‎ A. understand B. understanding C. understood D. understands ‎ 简析：该题应选C。himself是make的宾语，待选部分的逻辑主语。由于英语表达能力差，说出的英语别人难于听懂，也就不易被人理解。因此，这里用过去分词来表达这一被动含义。‎ ‎4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.‎ ‎ A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move ‎ 简析：该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。 ‎ 模拟试题 I.‎‎ 单项选择 ‎1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119. 　‎ A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen ‎ ‎2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____. ‎ A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix ‎3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice. It’s ___　to hear her sing. ‎ A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure ‎4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps. ‎ A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy ‎5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. ‎ A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared ‎6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings. ‎ A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design ‎7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.‎ A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved ‎8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students. ‎ A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed ‎9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket. ‎ A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost ‎10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____. ‎ A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear ‎11. The result of the test was rather _____. ‎ A. disappointed B. disappointing ‎ C. being disappointed D. disappoint ‎ ‎12. I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English. ‎ A. use B. used C. using D. being used ‎ 13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. ‎ A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known ‎ ‎14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again. ‎ A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved ‎ ‎15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. ‎ A. came B. comes C. come D. coming ‎ ‎16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. ‎ A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown ‎ ‎17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines. ‎ A. gathering B. gathered ‎ C. gather D. being gathered ‎18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions. ‎ A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed ‎ ‎19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen. ‎ A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces ‎ ‎20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. ‎ A. live B. to live C. lived D. living ‎ ‎21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___. ‎ A. understand B. understanding ‎ C. to understand D. understood ‎ ‎22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______. ‎ A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling ‎ ‎23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam. ‎ A. busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing ‎ ‎24. The ground is _____with ____ leaves. ‎ A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen ‎ ‎25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten. ‎ A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning ‎ ‎26. The wallet ____several days ago was found ____in the dustbin outside the building。‎ A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding ‎ ‎27. A person _____a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, ______all about his own. ‎ A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting ‎ ‎28. ___different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality. ‎ A. To produce B. Being produced ‎ C. Produced D. Having produced ‎ ‎29. The students in the university are all taking courses ___a degree. ‎ A. coming to B. going to C. leading to D. turning to ‎ ‎30. Many things _____impossible in the past are very common today. ‎ A. consider B. considering C. considered D. be considered ‎ ‎31. ___many times, he still couldn’t understand. ‎ ‎ A. Having been told B. Having told ‎ C. He having been told D. Telling ‎ ‎32. The old sick lady entered the hospital, ____her two sons. ‎ A. to support B. supporting ‎ C. supported by D. having supported ‎ ‎33. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _____9. 6 million square kilometres. ‎ A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering ‎ ‎34. ____and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.‎ A Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising ‎ ‎35. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.‎ A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added ‎ ‎36. “Can you read?” Mary said ____to the notice. ‎ A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing ‎ ‎37. _____ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. ‎ A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written ‎ ‎38. Were you ____when you saw that wild animal ? ‎ A. fright B. frightening C. frightened D. frighten ‎ ‎39. Properly _____with numbers, the books can be easily found. ‎ A. marked B. mark C. to mark D. marking ‎ ‎40. The child sat in the dentist’s chair ____. ‎ A. tremble B. trembling C. trembled D. to trembled ‎ ‎41. At this moment the bell rang, _____the end of class. ‎ A. announce B. announcing C. announced D. to announce ‎42. He walked down the hills, ____softly to himself. ‎ A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing ‎ ‎43. I had to shout to make myself _____ above the noise. ‎ A. heard B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ‎ ‎44. The graduating students are busy ___material for their reports. ‎ A. collect B. to collect C. collected D. collecting ‎ ‎45. The cars ____in Beijing are as good as those ____in Shanghai. ‎ A. produce, produce B. produced, produced C. produced, producing D. producing, producing ‎ ‎46. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _____a patient. ‎ A. examine B. examining C. to examine D. examined ‎ ‎47. ____a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly. ‎ A. Having been given B. Having given ‎ C. Giving D. Being given ‎ ‎48. ____a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon. ‎ A. Having been given B. Having given ‎ C. Giving D. Being given ‎ ‎49. He wrote a letter to me _____that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather.‎ A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed ‎ ‎50. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself ____about what’s going on in the world. ‎ A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed ‎ ‎51.The prisoner(罪犯),____ the guard and run away, was caught the next days.‎ A killed B killing C having killed D being killed by ‎52. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless______ every day.(2007四川高考)‎ A watered B watering C water D to water ‎53. He is a student at Oxford‎ ‎University,_____ for a degree in computer science.(2007北京高考卷)‎ A studied B studying C to have study D to be studying ‎54.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,______ in the natural light during the day.‎ A to let B letting C let D having let ‎55. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_____, he gladly accepted it.‎ A finished B finishing C having finished D was finished.‎ ‎56. ____in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.‎ A Having lost B Lost C Being lost D Losting ‎57. Whether you believe it or not, it is _____ that cause you illness.‎ A because of your overweight B you are so overweight C because you are overweight D your being overweight ‎58. All flights______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.‎ A had been canceled B have been canceled C having been canceled D being canceled ‎59. _____ the old houses, they built a beautiful garden in that area.‎ A Pulled down B Having pulled down C Pulling down D To pull down ‎ ‎60 Thousands of people have been moving to Shenzhen since 1992, its population_____ to over 10,000,000.‎ A increasing B increased C has increased D has been increased ‎61. Studies show the electronic devices people have made use of______ music may be causing hearing loss in many people.‎ A enjoy B to enjoy C enjoying D enjoyed ‎62.______, the vitamin C in them will be destroyed.‎ A Vegetable cooked too long B Cooked too long C Cooking too long D Vegetables cooking too long ‎63. The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street,_______ a small red cap.‎ A each of them has B they each have C every wears D each wearings.‎ ‎64. Taiwan-borned filmmaker Ang Lee won the best director Oscar at the 78 Academy Awards,____ the highest honor in American movie fields.‎ A to consider B considering C consider D considered ‎65.______ the public schools with the private school, the guide book gives us a clear idea about the differences between them.‎ A Having compared B considered C To compare D To be compared.‎ II. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空 ‎ ‎1. She caught the student _______ (cheat) in exams. ‎ ‎2. When I got there, I found him _________ (repair) farm tools. ‎ ‎3. When I got there, I found the farm tools _______. (repair) ‎ ‎4. Just then he heard someone _______ (call) for help. ‎ ‎5. He worked so hard that he got his pay ______. (raise) ‎ ‎6. The missing boys were last seen _______(play) near the river. ‎ ‎7. ___________(compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful. ‎ ‎8. The workers had the machines _______(run) all night long to finish the work on time. ‎ ‎9. People in the south have their houses ______(make) of bamboo. ‎ ‎10. _______(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 　 ‎ 参考答案 I.‎ ‎ 1—5 BCBBC 6—10 CDCCC ‎11—15BBBBD 16—20 DABCD ‎21—25DBBCC 26—30 ACDCC ‎31—35ACDBC 36—40ABCAB ‎41—45BBADB 46—50BABBC ‎ ‎51-55CABBA 56-60BDCBA ‎61-65CADDA II. ‎ ‎1. cheating 2. repairing 3.repaired 4. calling 5. raised 6. playing ‎ 7. Compared 8. running 9. made 10. Lost ‎