名师导学系列高考英语人教版第一轮复习学案学生版选修八

名师导学系列高考英语人教版第一轮复习学案学生版选修八

名师导学系列】2013 年高考英语人教版第一轮精品复习学 案 【选修八】 Unit 1 A land of diversity 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点） 词语 辨析 1. means / way / method 2. percent / percentage 3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear 4. hire / employ / rent 1. elect vt.选举，推举；选 择 vi. 进行选举，作出选择 election n.选举，推举， 当选 elective adj. 可 任 意 选 择的 n.选修科目 2. immigrate vi. 移入 immigration n. 移民入 境 immigrant n.移民，侨民 3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种 v. 参赛 racial adj. 人种的，种 族的 racism n. 种族歧视，种 族偏见；种族主义 4. apparent adj. 显然的，明 白的，表面上的 apparently adv. 显然， 表面上地 词形 变化 5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚 punish vt. 惩罚，处罚 重点 单词 1. majority n. 大多数；大半 2. applicant n. 申请人 3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在 4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明 5. slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小过失；失误 6. insert vt.插入，嵌入 词 汇 部 分 重点 词组 1. live on 继续生活或存在 2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 3. keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗﹑ 传统等；使某人不能去睡觉 4. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作 5. mark out 划线标出……界线 6. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗 7. a great/good many 相当多，很多 重点句子 1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 重点语法 名词性从句（见语法部分） 语言要点（模块） Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. means / way / method 【解释】 means “方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段。（单复数相同） way “一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。 method “有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。 短语搭配：做……的方法：a way to do sth.／a way of doing sth. / a method of doing sth.；用 这种／些方法：in this way / with the method / by this means；用……方法，借助……：by means of... 无论如何：by all means；一点也不，决不(用于句首句子需倒装) ：by no means； by the way 顺便问一下；on one’ s way to…在去……的路上；in the way 挡住路 【练习】用 means，way，method 填空。 1). These vegetables can be cooked in different _______. 2). Only in this _______ can you find out the truth. 3). By this _______ I get in touch with him. 4). We express our thoughts by _______ of words. 5). ______ _______ _______ shall I lend him money! 6). The methods of _______ (teach) need _______ (improve). 2. percent / percentage 【解释】 percent 表示“百分之……”，相当于“％”，其前面往往是一个具体的数字。 percentage 表示“百分比；百分率”，前面不能是具体数字，只能被 high，low 等修饰。 【练习】用 percent，percentage 填空。 1). I am a hundred ________ in agreement with you. 2). This company only supply 30 ________ of what we need. 3). The numbers are small, in _________ terms, but significant. 4). There used to be a high _________ of babies that diet scarlet fever every year. 3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear 【解释】 obvious 意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物”。 apparent 意为“表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此”。 evident 意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显”。 clear 意为“不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素”。 【练习】用 obvious，apparent，evident，clear 填空。 1). It was an ________ mistake for him to have gone alone. 2). The situation is ________ to everyone. 3). It was becoming increasingly _________ that he disliked me. 4). The applause made it _________ that the play was a hit. 4. hire / employ / rent 【解释】 hire 是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使 用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hire a boat，a car，a camera，a bicycle，an evening dress，a hall for a meeting 等，指人时，有“雇用”、“受 雇”两种含义。 employ 较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高 的职业人员，有“聘请”之义；也可以解释为“忙于，从事”常用于 be employed in sth. / doing sth. 短语中。 注：要弄清 employ 几个名词的用法：employee (雇工，雇员)，employer (户主，东家)，employment (就业，雇用)。 rent 一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人 以收取费用”之意；多指用于长时间的场合。如：rent a house，a flat，a TV 等。rent 还可作名词，意为“租金；租费”。 【练习】用 hire，employ，rent 填空。 1). Our house has been ________ by a newly-married couple. 2). It’ s important to ________ proper words in writing poem. 3). They _________ ________ in writing when I came. 4). They ________ out boats by the hour. 5). We ________ a driver to take us on a tour of the city. Ⅱ.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1. elect vt.选举，推举；选 择 vi. 进行选举，作出选择 election n.选举，推举，当选 elective adj.可任意选择的 n. 选修科目 2. immigrate vi. 移入 immigration n. 移民入境 immigrant n.移民，侨民 3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种 v. 参赛 racial adj. 人种的，种族的 racism n. 种族歧视，种族偏 见；种族主义 4. apparent adj. 显然的，明 白的，表面上的 apparently adv. 显然，表面上 地 5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚 punish vt. 惩罚，处罚 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). In America, presidential ________ (elect) are held every four years. 2). They deserve to ________ (punish) for putting passengers at risk. 3). She had to tidy the classroom as ________ (punish) for being late. 4). She was the daughter of Chinese ________ (immigrate) to America. 5). There was a sudden increase ________ (immigrate) in from Eastern Europe. 6). He is a victim of ________ (race) discrimination. 7). She turned to face him, her anger ________ (apparent) gone. 8). Their motives, as will soon become _______ (apparently), are completely selfish. Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料） 1. majority n. 大多数；大半 major adj.&n. 较大的，主要的；主修，专攻 (反义词 minority 少数；少数民族) [典例] 1). A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。 2). The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。 [重点用法] be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数 a majority over sb 超过对方的票数 [练习] 按要求填空或翻译。 1). English speakers form the ________ (大多数) of the population. 2). Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are _______ (介词) the majority. 3). They had a large majority _______ (介词) the other party at the last election. 4). The majority of people _________ (prefer) peace to war. 5). The majority of the damage _________ (be) easy to repair. 2. applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请(书)；应用；用途 apply v. 申请；运用，适用 [典例] 1). We had 250 applicants for the job. 有 250 人申请这份工作。 2). As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job. 因为工资低, 没有什麽人申请 这份工作。 [重点用法] apply for... 申请…… apply to... 适用…… fill in the application form for sth. 填写……申请表 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). Successful _________ (apply) will receive notification within the week. 2). This rule can’ t be applied ________ (介词) every case. 3). You should ________ ________(申请) the job immediately, in person or by letter. 4). The question in the second half of the form _________ ________ (适用) married men only. 3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在 [典例] 1). The tragedy occurred only minutes after take-off. 这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。 2). Didn’ t it occur to you that he might be late? 你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗? [重点用法] occur to... (主意) 浮现于脑海中；被想到；被想起；（某人）想到…… [练习] 根据句子的意思填空或翻译。 1). The possibility that she might be wrong never even ________ ________ her. 2). A good idea _______ _______ him. 3). ___________________________________ (他从没想到) he might be falling in love with her. 4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明 indication n. 指出；表明 indicative adj.指示的；暗示的 [典例] 1). I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他握姐姐在哪，他 指指对面的商店。 2). Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究表明男人感到 比女人更容易戒烟。 [重点用法] indicate sth (to sb) 指示；指出；标示 indicate that/wh- 表 示 …… ； 示 意…… [练习] 根据句子的意思，在括号里填入适当的词。 1). The government has ________ (表明) that it intends to cut taxes. 2). A flashing red light ________ (标示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs. 3). There is every ________ (indicate) of a change in the weather. 5. slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小过失；失误 slippery adj. 滑溜的 [典例] 1). My foot slipped and I nearly fell. 我的脚一滑，差点跌到。 2). She slipped into the room when no one was looking. 她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。 [重点用法] let slip... 错过……；无意中说出 let sth. slip through your fingers 错过(机会)，失 去(机会) a slip of the tongue 口误 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). She ________ ________ (无意中说出) that she was intending to leave the company. 2). As the years _________ by, I thought more and more about him. 3). Drive very carefully; the roads are wet and ________ (slip). 6. insert vt.插入，嵌入 [典例] He inserted a key into a lock. 他把钥匙插进锁中。 [重点用法] insert sth (in/into/between sth) 插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。 1). She inserted an additional paragraph ________ an essay. 2). Insert your fingers ________ the layers and press them apart. Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料） 1. live on 继续生活或存在 [典例] She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死後她继续活了多年。 [短语归纳] live 短语： live on sth 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活 live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生 live for sth 以某事物为生活目标 live through sth 经历某事物而幸存 live together 在一起生活；同居 live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表现 出符合某事物的标准 live with sth 接受或容忍某现象 live to be... = live to the age of... 活 到……岁 live a... life 过着……的生活 [练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的 live 短语。 1). The lonely old man _______ _______ charity. 2). Mozart is dead but his music _______ _______. 3). My grandfather _______ _______ both world wars. 4). We should work hard and try to _______ _______ _______ our parents’ expectations. 5). The brave girl is learning to _______ _______ her disability. 2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 [典例] They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves. 他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的 生活方式。 [短语归纳] life 短语： bring sb/sth (back) to life 给某人/事物的活力；使复活 lay down one’ s life (for sb/sth) 为……献身；牺牲生命 lead a dog’ s life 过狗一般的生活（长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤）make one’ s way in life 在生活中 有所成就 take one’ s (own) life: commit suicide 自杀 put an end to one’ s life: kill oneself 自杀 take sb’ s life: kill sb 取某人性命 a/sb’ s way of life（某人的或某 些人的）生活方式 a walk of life 行业；职业；阶层 to the life 逼真 end one’ s days/life (in sth)（处於某状况下或在某处）度过余生 [练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。 1). He laid down his life _______ the cause of freedom. 2). They interview people from _______ _______ _______ _______ (各行各业的人). 3). She adapted easily to the French _______ _______ _______ (生活方式). 3. keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉 [典例] 1). You’ re all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work! 你们干得都很出色, 要坚持下去! 2). I do hope we’ re not keeping you up. 我希望我们没有耽误你睡觉。 [短语归纳] keep 短语： keep up with sb/sth. 跟上（某人/某事物）；（与某人/某事物）同步前进或保持联系；跟上 （形势） keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事物；重复做某事物 keep away from（使某人/事物） 不靠近某人/事物 keep sb back from sb/sth（使某人）与某人/事物保持距离 keep sth. back 阻止某事物 keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth 使自己/某人不能做某事物 keep sth from sb 不将某事告诉某 人 keep off (sb/sth) 不接近或不接触某人/事物 keep sb/sth out (of sth) 不让某人 /物进入（某处） keep in touch with 保持与某人的联系 keep fit 保持健康 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices _______ (副词). 2). She likes to keep up _______ (介词) the latest fashions. 3). The house is becoming too expensive for them to ________ ________ (维修). 4). We should try to ________ ________(沿袭) our old customs. 5). Police warned bystanders to ________ ________(不靠近) the blazing building. 6). I think we ought to ________ ________ ________ ________ (不把实情告诉他) until he’ s better. 4.team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作 [典例] The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛 车。 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 He _______ _______ _______ (与某人一起工作) his brother in the doubles. 5. mark out 划线标出……界线 [典例] Please mark out the sentences that you don’ t understand with a red pen. 请用红笔标出你不懂的 句子。 [重点用法] be marked with... 标记着…… [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). I’ ve lost a case _______ _______ (标记着) “IX” on its back. 2). She carefully _______ _______ (划线标出) the important phrases and sentence patterns. 6. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗 [典例] 1). The students find it easy to take in what you teach. 学生发现你的课很好懂。 2). He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没地方可以睡，我们于是就提出让 他留宿。 [短语归纳] take 短语： take apart 拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等) take down 拿下，取下；拆卸； 记下 take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使…回忆起昔日 take care of 照料，保管 take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理 take medicine 服药 take it easy 别紧张，慢慢来 take over 继承，接收，接管 take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞 take on 承担，从事；呈现 take one’ s place 入座；代替某人的位置 take one’ s time 不急，慢慢干 [练习] 用与 take 相关的短语填空。 1). Don’ t be _______ _______ by his promises. 2). Who do you think will ________ ________ now that the governor has been dismissed? 3). These boxes of yours are ________ ________ too much space. 4). 1 was really _______ _______ when seeing old photos. 5). Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now _______ _______ _______.The opera is soon to begin. 6). Tom carefully ________ ________what the teacher said 7. a great/good many 相当多，很多 [典例] It all happened a good many years ago. 这发生在很多年前。 [重点用法] many a 修饰可数名词单数a great/good many a large number of scores of dozens of many/few 修饰可数名词复数 a good/great deal of a large/great amount of large amounts of much / little / a little 修饰不可数名词 a lot of = lots of plenty of a large/great quantity of = quantities of a supply of = supplies of 可数名词复数/不可数名词 [练习] 根据句子的要求翻译。 1). I’ ve known her for _______ _______ _______ (很多) years. 2). I imagine if one day I had _______ _______ _______ _______ (很多) money, I would go traveling round the world. Ⅴ.重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料） 1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亚是美 国第三大洲，但有着最多的人口。 [解释] 形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及 by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite 等词 修饰。 [练习] 翻译句子。 1). 黄河是中国第二长河。 ____________________________________________________________________________ ________ 2). 亚洲是世界上最大的洲。 ____________________________________________________________________________ ________ 2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 没有人知道确切在什么时候第一批移民者到达我们今天所称为加利福尼亚的地方。 [解释] what we now know as California 是一个由 what 引导的名词性从句，做 arrive in 的宾语, what 是复合关系代词，相当于 the thing(s)that，因此，在名词性从句中可以用 the thing(s)that 取代的，应该用 what。 注意 1：名词性从句中 what 与 that 的区别：that 在名词性从句中不起句子成分的作用，what 必须起句子成分的作用。 注意 2：名词性从句中 what 与 which 的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用 which，否则用 what。 What he said sounds reasonable. (what 作 said 的宾语) That our team has won the game has been proved. (That 在主语从句中不起句子成分的作用) There are many books available. I don’ t know which to read. (which 指的是前文提到的 books 的其中一本) What book do you want to buy ? (前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书) [练习] 根据句子的意思填词。 1). This is ________ he wanted. 2). This is the thing ________ he wanted. 3). She is no longer ________ she used to be. 4). She is no longer the person ________ she used to be. 课文要点（模块） Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等） 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： California is the _____1_____(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It has _____2______ (attraction) people from all over the world. No one really knows when the first people arrived in ______3____ we now know as California. Now there are more Native Americans _____4_______ in California than in any other state. California _____5________(统 治) by Spain and there is still a strong Spanish ______6_____（影响） in the state. People began _____7______（settle） in California when gold _____8_______(发现)there. But people from Africa have been living there. It is believed that before long the mix of _____9______（国籍） will be so great that there will be no major racial of cultural groups, but simply a ____10______ （mix） of many culture Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力） 阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。 整篇文章分别介绍了美洲土著人，西班牙人，俄罗斯人，金矿工人，后来移民与未来移 民及解释为什么加州是一个多民族，多文化的地方。 The whole passage introduced __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________ Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力） 1.【原句】Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼来地区的，谁也说不清 楚。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：状语从句 + what 从句，+ 主句 【模仿 1】当我们把它和我们称之为 “大哥大”相比，我们发现新的移动电话携带轻便，小 巧，价格便宜。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】当我们到达人们称之为小鸟天堂的地方时，我们兴奋地发现数千种鸟类定居在那。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．【原句】Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in 1860s. 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到（美国），但是更大批量的中国移 民却是在 19 世纪 60 年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：让步状语从句+强调句 【模仿 1】虽然他妹妹和他没有血缘关系，但是洪战辉他自己坚持背她上大学，这件事感动 了整个中国。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】虽然我的日常生活十分单调，但是我的努力使我适应新的校园生活。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 【原句】It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们 认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文 化群体，而只是多种族，多文化的混合体。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：It is +V-ed +that 从句；so…that… 【模仿 1】据报道 2008 奥运福娃的英文名已经从 Friendlies 改为 Fuwa , 它易发音，易记忆， 很受人们的欢迎。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大以至我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读 习惯，阅读更多的书籍，但是我们必须非常注意书的选择。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 单元自测 （模块） 基础测试： Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. After the arrival of the Europeans, the native people were forced into s . 2. You have difficulty in moving to America, because the rules of i are rather strict for the foreigners. 3. Only a few of them thought highly of the plan. The m were against it. 4. Obama was e as the fortyfour president of the United States. 5. The rural r has achieved good results, and there has been a noticeable change in the countryside. 6. My uncle h two people to help him in harvest last autumn. 7. I was in half the way when it suddenly (想到) to me that I had left my notebook home. 8. (显然地)，he was mistaken about by the others. 9. It is believed that before long the mix of (国籍) will be very large. 10. I was one of the （申请人） for the job. Ⅱ. 用方框内所给的短语的适当形式填空 take off/take up/take in/take on 1. The city has been developing very fast and it has a new look. 2. The old man the story at this point. 3. Don’t be by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. 4. The plane for Beijing at four o’clock. Ⅲ. 完成句子 1. 我突然想起今晚我该拜访汤姆。 It me suddenly that I should call on Tom tonight. 2. 我会尽全力帮助你。 I will help you . 3. 他以 80 票的优势赢得了该席位。 He won the seat with 80 votes. 4. 我读书的时候，常在书上把我认为重要的地方标记出来。 In doing my reading, I often what I regard as important in a book. 5. 现在大部分教科书都配有插图。 School-books now have pictures. Ⅳ.单项填空 从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Shall I give you a ride as you live so far? — . A. It couldn’t be better B. Of course you can C. If you like D. It’s up to you 2. You fool! How can you let such a chance through your fingers. A. ski B. spread C. slip D. glide 3. People have views on the policy published recently, because not everybody is in favour of it in the survey(调查). A. excited B. surprised C. frightened D. mixed 4. Every possible means to help the poor people in Africa. A. have tried B. have been tried C. has tried D. has been tried 5. He can hardly his wife’s bad-temper， so he decided to seek divorce with her. A. teamed up with B. caught up with C. put up with D. kept up with 6. Peter is no longer a lazy boy he used to be. A. what B. whom C. when D. how 7. Human beings are different from animals they can use language as a tool to communicate. A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which 8. The window in my room shut. So I have to get it repaired. A. doesn’t B. shouldn’t C. won’t D. couldn’t 9. —Shirley, can I have a look at your photos? — .Here you are. A. By any means B. By no means C. By this means D. By all means 10. is no possibility he can finish the task within two days. A. There; that B. It ; that C. There; whether D. It; whether 1 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 1—10 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：186 完成时间：14 分钟 难度：*** The mobile phone has created a new way of life. It gives us the opportunity to 1 people when and where we like. But when mobile phones become as commonplace as wristwatches, it seems they are creating 2 situations. People let their phones ring in restaurants, theatres or business meetings. People 3 discuss very personal issues over their phones while strangers are around them. People spend all their time in the 4 of friends paying more attention to those at the other end of their mobile phones. By now, everyone knows that mobile phone etiquette is a 5 problem. These are tips for being a good 6 citizen. Firstly, remember to 7 your phone is off at activities. Secondly, 8 the people around you when you make or take calls in public. Thirdly, don't answer your cell phone while talking with another person unless that phone is more 9 than the person you are with. Follow these rules and you'll be a 10 mobile phones user by being considerate to others. 1. A. approach B. reach C. arrive D. extend 2. A. embarrassing B. strange C. extraordinary D. complex 3. A. further B. loudly C. openly D. briefly 4. A. presence B. existence C. absence D. appearance 5. A. basic B. technical C. real D. behavioral 6. A. mobile B. telephone C. medium D. average 7. A. check B. control C. stop D. test 8. A. appreciate B. respect C. observe D. watch 9. A. valuable B. excellent C. important D. worth 10. A. large B. responsible C. regular D. current 2 语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 1—10 的相应位置上。 词数：168 完成时间：8 分钟 难度：*** The Whites live in a big city. They have a son 1 (name) Tom. His hobby is reading. When he comes home from school, he always goes to his room and just reads books. He 2 plays outdoors. One day, Mrs. White said to her husband," 3 is not good for Tom's health to live in the city all the time." They found a small house in the country. They took him there 4 a vacation. They left home at 8 5 got there at 11 in the morning. 6 they reached the house, his mother said," 7 clean the air isl "she said to Tom, " We are going to stay here for a week." Tom ran into the house. A few minutes 8 , he ran back to his mother and said, "I can't find 9 desk." His mother answered, "We came here 10 (spend) our vacation in the country. You must play outdoors and not read books here. Enjoy your vacation! "Tom cried, "Oh, how terrible!" 3 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。 词数：254 完成时间：6 分钟 难度：** Science Daily (Apr. 27, 2008)-- Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean ( 地 下 的 ) and aboveground herbivorous ( 食 草 的 ) insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones. Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant. This way, aboveground insects are warned that the plant is already "occupied". Aboveground, leaf-eating insects prefer plants that have not yet been occupied by subterranean root-eating insects. Subterranean insects send out chemical signals through the leaves of the plant, which warn the aboveground insects about their presence. This messaging makes it possible for spatially-separated insects to avoid each other, so that they do not compete for, the same plant. In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean insects and 'vice versa (反之亦然). It seems that a mechanism ( 机 制 ) has developed through natural selection, which helps the subterranean and aboveground insects to communicate with each other. This avoids unnecessary competition. Through the "green telephone lines", subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party, namely the natural enemy of caterpillars (毛虫). Parasitic wasps (寄生蜂) lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the signals sent by the leaves, as these help them find more insects for their eggs. The communication between subterranean and above- ground insects has only been studied in a few systems. It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is, say the researchers. 1. How do subterranean and aboveground insects communicate with each other? A. By sending signals through the leaves. B. By giving off particular smells. C. By making soft and beautiful sounds. D. By the signals sent by parasitic wasps. 2. After finding a plant occupied by root-eating insects, aboveground insects will usually ________. A. send out warning signals B. compete for the same plant C. choose to leave the plant D. fight with the root-eating insects 3. Aboveground insects will develop more quickly if their food plants ________. A. are often visited by parasitic wasps B. are not occupied by mot-eating insects C. have more green leaves D. have more subterranean insects 4. What does the underlined part "a third party' in Paragraph 4 include? A. Aboveground insects. B. Root-eating insects. C. Caterpillars. D. Parasitic wasps. 5. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Communication between different insects B. How do animals avoid competition? C. Insects use plants as telephones D. When plants have subterranean residents 4 写作训练 请根据以下资料说明，使用 5 个规范句子描述所给信息内容。 世界上不同的地方社会习俗不同。比如，在美国两人第一次见面就彼此直呼其名。年轻 人对老年人也都是这样。这在中国被认为是很不礼貌的。 另外一个不同是交谈时可以谈些什么。询问别人大衣的价格，中国人觉得没什么，而美 国人则认为很不礼貌。 (写作要求) 1．标题；Social Customs between Americans and Chinese 2．必须使用 5 个句子介绍全部所给内容。 3．将 5 个句子组织成连贯的短文。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ 答案: Social Customs between Americans and Chinese Social customs differ in different parts of the world. For example, the Americans call each other by their names when two people first met, and so does the young to the old. In china, it will be regarded as quite impolite to do so. Another difference is about what can be talked about in conversation. A Chinese thinks nothing of being asked how much his coat costs while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question. Unit 2 Cloning 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点） 词语 辨析 1. aloud / loud / loudly 2. obtain / acquire / gain / earn / achieve 1. object vi. 不赞成；反对 objection n. 不赞成； 反对 2. popular adj. 流行的，通 俗的，广受欢迎的 popularity n.普及；流 行；名望 popularize vt. 使普及， 使流行 3. resist v. 抵(反)抗，抵制 resistance n. 抵抗力, 反抗 resistant n. 抵抗者 adj.反抗的，耐……的 4. decorate vt. 装饰，装璜 decoration n. 装饰(品) 装璜 词形 变化 5. reason n. 原因；理性 v.分析，推论(理)；劝告 reasonable adj. 通情达 理的；合理的 unreasonable adj. 不合 理的；荒唐的 重点 单词 1. differ vi. 不同；相异 2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应 3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍 4. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积 5. owe vt. 欠；应该把……归功于；感激，感恩 6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝 7. bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰 8. obtain vt. (正式；尤指通过努力或计划) 获得；得到 词 汇 部 分 重点 词组 1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇 2. in favor of 赞成；支持；对……有利 3. be bound to do 一定；注定(做) 4. be in good/poor/excellent condition 处於好的﹑坏的﹑极佳的状况 重点句型 1. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 重点语法 同位语从句（见语法部分） 语言要点（模块） Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. aloud / loud / loudly 【解释】 aloud adv. 重点在于“出声”(能被人听见，但声音不一定很大)，通常与 read 等词连用：read aloud 朗读，读出声 shout/call/laugh aloud 大声叫喊／笑 loud 作形容词时意为“大声的”，作副词时特指(谈笑等)“大声地”，常用比较级形式； loudly“大声地，吵闹地”，强调声音喧闹、不悦耳，与 quietly 相对 【练习】用 aloud，loud，loudly 的适当形式填空。 1). The teacher asked me to read the poem _______. 2). The radio isn’ t _______ enough. Could you turn it up a little? 3). I could hear people over there talking _______ with each other about the news. 4). Could you speak _______ ? 2. obtain / acquire / gain / earn / achieve 【解释】 obtain 意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味， 用于正式语体中。 acquire 意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得”，强调“一 经获得就会长期持有”的含义。 gain 意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。 earn 意为“挣得，赢得”。指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。 achieve 意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。 【练习】用 obtain，acquire，gain，earn，achieve 的适当形式填空。 1). How much do you _______a week? 2). The movie star _______ success and wealth. 3). He _______ experience through practice. 4). It is through learning that the individul ______ many habitual ways of reacting to situations. 5). An investor _______ by buying stocks that go up in value. Ⅱ.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1. object vi. 不赞成；反对 objection n. 不赞成；反对 2. popular adj. 流行的，通 俗的，广受欢迎的 popularity n.普及；流行；名望 popularize vt. 使普及，使流行 3. resist v. 抵(反)抗，抵制 resistance n. 抵抗力, 反抗 resistant n. 抵抗者 adj.反抗的，耐……的 4. decorate vt. 装饰，装璜 decoration n. 装饰(品) 装璜 5. reason n. 原因；理性 v.分析，推论(理)；劝告 reasonable adj. 通情达理的； 合理的 unreasonable adj. 不合理的； 荒唐的 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). I strongly object to ________ (treat) like a child. 2). If no one has any ________ (object), I will declare the meeting closed us with hope. 3). The no-smoking policy was introduced with little _______ (resist) from staff. 4). When will they finish the ________ (decorate) of the bathroom? 5). The building ________ (decorate) with flags., the event was a great success. 6). Don't let your boss make ________ (reason) demands on you. 7). The president’ s _______ (popular) has declined considerably. 8). The President is very _______ (popularize) with Jewish voters. Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料） 1. differ vi. 不同；相异 difference n. 不同之处 different adj. 不同的 [典例] 1). Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们 的没有起车库。 2). The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬的问题上仍各 持己见。 [重点用法] A differs from B in... A 与 B 在……方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over... A 与 B 就……意见相左 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). The two squares differ _______ (介词) color but not _______ (介词) size. 2). The husband differs _______ (介词) the wife _______ (介词) who is to take charge of the money. 3). It doesn’ t make a ________ (differ) to me whether you are going to stay. 4). This is a different car ________ (介词) the one I drove yesterday. 2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应，保证(后接 to do) [典例] 1). She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承担了做出这些改变的责任。 2). He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之内还钱。 [练习] 翻译句子。 1). 他答应在周五之前完成那份工作。________________________________________ 2). 她负责整个项目的组织工作。___________________________________________ Keys: 1). He undertook to finish the work before Friday. 2). She undertook the organization work of the whole project. 3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍 [典例] 1). The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers. 法律禁止使用化学肥料。 2). I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。 [重点用法] forbid sth. / doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事） forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人 做某事 [练习] 翻译句子。 1). 飞机上禁止吸烟。 ____________________________________________________________________________ _____ 2). 他爸爸不准他和她交谈。 ____________________________________________________________________________ _____ 3). 要禁止小孩子不玩电脑游戏很难。 ____________________________________________________________________________ _____ 4. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积 accumulation n [u,c] 积累 [典例] 1). By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。 2). Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很快 就越积越多。 [练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入所给词的适当形式。 1). A thick layer of dust _______ (accumulate) in the room, so he had to give it a thorough cleaning. 2). Despite this _______ (accumulate) of evidence, the Government persisted in doing nothing. 5. owe vt. 欠；应该把……归功于；感激，感恩 [典例] 1). He owes his father £50. = He owes £50 to his father. 他欠他父亲 50 英镑。 2). We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们的这一发现归功於牛顿。 [重点用法] owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 欠(某人)债 owe sth to sb/sth 将某事物归因或归功於某人/事 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。 1). How much do I owe you _______ the groceries? 2). He owes his success more _______ luck than _______ ability. 3). I owe a lot _______ my wife and children. 6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝 [典例] 1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年从部队退役。 2). Our forces retired to prepared positions. 我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。 [重点用法] retire from... 从……退休(役)/退出 retire (from...) (to...) 退下，退出，离开（尤指 到僻静处） [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入所给词适当的形式或翻译。 1). He _______ (retire) next year after 30 years with the company. 2). She was forced to _______ _______ _______ (提前退出)teaching because of ill health. 3). He is a _______ (retire) airline pilot. 7. bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰 [典例] 1). I am busy; don’ t bother me now. 我很忙，现在别打扰我。 2). I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time. 对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点? [重点用法] bother with/about 一为……而烦恼；因……操心 bother to do / doing 费神做…… [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). The problem has been ________ (bother) me for weeks. 2). 一 Shall I help you with the cases? —Don’ t ________. I can manage. 3). Don’t bother _______ (介词) us; we will soon join you. 8. obtain vt. (正式；尤指通过努力或计划) 获得；得到 obtainable adj 能得到的; 可获得的 [典例] 1). I haven’ t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到处都没买到那张唱片。 2). He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means. 他说警方是靠非法手 段获得这一资料的。 [重点用法] obtain sth from sb/sth 从……获得某物 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). Are his records still ______ (obtain)? 2). Further information can be obtained _______ (介词) head office. Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料） 1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇 [典例] 1). At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。 2). Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗? [短语归纳] pay 短语： pay for 付……的钱；为……而付出代价 pay back sth. (pay sb. back sth.) 偿还 pay sb. (...) for sth. 因某事而付某人…… pay sb. (...) to do sth. 付某人(……)去做某事 [练习] 用与 pay 相关的词组或所给词适当的形式填空。 1). After ten years of hard working she finally _______ _______ her debt. 2). Our efforts are sure to ________ ________. 3). Her parents ________ ________ America. 4). Have you ________ the milkman this week? 5). Have you ________ the money _______ the bank yet? 6). I will _______ you _______ next week. 7). I paid the boy ten yuan _______ (clean) the window. 2. in favor of 赞成；支持；对……有利 [典例] 1). I am in favor of your suggestion. 我赞成你的提议。 2). I talked to Susan about it, and she’ s all in favor of going. 我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同 走。 [重点用法] ask a favor 请求帮忙 do sb. a favor = do a favor for sb. 帮某 人的忙 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). Senior ministers spoke ______ ______ ______ the proposal. 2). Would you ______ ______ ______ ______ (请你帮忙) and turn off the radio? 3. be bound to do 一定；注定(做) [典例] 1). The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好。 2). You’ ve done so much work that you're bound to pass the exam. 你下了这麽大工夫, 一定能 考及格。 [短语归纳] [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入所给词适当的形式或短语。 1). These problems were almost bound _______ (arise). 2). When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes _______ _______ _______ happen. 4. be in good/poor/excellent condition 处於好的﹑坏的﹑极佳的状况 [典例] 1). The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远 航。 2). The car is still in excellent condition. 这小车状况极佳。 [短语归纳] condition 短语： out of condition 健康状况欠佳 working/living/syudying conditions 工作、生 活、学习环境 on condition (that)... 在……条件下；倘若…… on no condition 一点也不; 决不 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。 1). The car has been well maintained and is _______ excellent condition. 2). He’ s _______ excellent condition _______ a man of his age. 3). I had no exercise for ages; I’ m really _______ condition. 4). You can go out _______ condition that you wear an overcoat. Ⅴ.重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料） 1. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她（多莉羊）似乎生长正 常的事实很鼓舞人心。 [解释] “that she seemed to develop normally”是一个同位语从句，作 the fact 的同位语。同位语 从句一般由 that 引导，常放在 fact，truth，news，information，idea，thought，hope， suggestion，advice，reply，remark，report 等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。当先行 词是 problem，question 或当主句是表示疑问或否定意思时，连接词要用 whether 或其他的 疑问代词或副词。如： 1). The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 他当选美国总统的消 息是真的。 2). The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。 3). I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪。 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。 1). The truth _______ heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to us all. 2). The question _______ we ndde to spend more time on the project has not been discussed. 3). The explanation _______ he had met with an accident on his way was acceptable. 课文要点（模块） Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等） 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： Cloning is a way of _____1_____(make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. Cloning has two ___2____( 主 要 的 ) uses. Firstly, gardeners use it to produce plants. Secondly, it is ____3_____(value) for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward but the cloning of animals is more____4______(复杂的). The procedure is difficult to ____5_____(开展). In 1996, scientists succeeded in ___6_____(clone)Dolly the sheep. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly was ill. _____7______ Dolly lived for six years, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of _____8_____(object). Government became nervous and many ______9______( 禁 止 ) research into human cloning. Scientists still ____10______ whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us. Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力） 阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。 文章具体介绍了植物与动物克隆的区别，多莉羊的诞生与死亡以及由此引发的争论。 The article specifically introduces _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力） 1.【原句】The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 多莉看来是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：同位语从句 【模仿 1】学校取消体育运动的想法非常令人丧气，依我的观点，这并不能防止学生受伤。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】谚语“诚为上策”是众所周知的，它说明了诚实的重要性。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．【原句】The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals my die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优点是，如果发 生了某种新的疾病，这类动物可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种抗疫力传 给下一代。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：表语从句+条件句, 【模仿 1】网上购物的弊端是，如果你在网上买了质量差的商品，你不可能会换的了；但你 可以在真正的商店里精挑细选。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】早起的优势是，如果我们早起，我们将有机会享受清新的空气和早晨的宁静，但 并不是每个人都认为这是令人遗憾的事情。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 【原句】Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years. 就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些绝种了一万年以上的动物。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：V-ed + what 引导的宾语从句，+主句+定语从句 【模仿 1】根据调查所示，我们可以更好地理解我们对大自然所做的一切。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】根据我们所读到的，我们可以得出结论是人类该对环境污染负责。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 单元自测 （模块） Unit 2 cloning 一、单词拼写 1.The brothers d_____ widely in their tastes. 2.The question is quite s_______ , while that one is much more complicated. 3.It is quite d_____ to hear the bad news. 4.Smoking is f_____ in public places. 5.His suggestion sounds quite r_________ to most of us. 6.The film was a _____ (商业的)success. 7.I’d like to come, too, if you have no _____(反对). 8.He ______ (仅仅)asked us our names. 9.There were strong ______ (争论) for and against the plan. 10.He always managed to ______(得到)what he wanted. 二、句型转换 11.At the beginning, he was against my proposal. However, in the end, he changed his mind. At first he hesitated about my suggestion , but he _____ ______ agreed. 12.Later they learnt that an earthquake had taken place in that area. Then ______ _____ _____ that the area had been hit by an earthquake. 13.Although he was not strong, he joined in the work. _____ ______ _____ weakness, he took part in the work. 14.We are still far from being able to clone extinct animals. We are still _____ _____ _____ from being able to clone extinct animals. 15.They don’t know if the new policy is in their favor. They _____ _____ this new policy can bring benefit to them. 16.Have you any objection to my opening the window? Would you _____ _____ my opening the window? 17.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. (改写成两个句子) （that 引导同位语从句，说明fact 的内容，that不做成分。） 18.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. （改写成正常语序） 三、完成句子 19.He will___________________ next month.（去旅行） (undertake) 20.He _________________________________________(承担一项新任务). (undertake) 21.He quickly_______________________________________________ (积蓄了一大笔财富) （accumulation） 22.The school_______________________________________________ （禁止学生吸烟）（forbid） 四、倒装句型： 表方位或方式的副词或介词短语，如：here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，句子倒装。 将下列各句变为倒装句。 23. The plane flew away. 24. Thousands of students waited in the lecture hall. 25. Your turn to recite the passage comes now. 1 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 1—10 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：194 完成时间：14 分钟 难度：*** All living organisms ( 生物体) must feed so that they can have energy. Plants, which are the biggest organisms on Earth, are no 1 to this. They need to feed, but they do not feed in the 2 way that animals do. They do not have a mouth or a digestive system and they do not move much to find and capture their 3 . Plants are made of 4 things. Water is the most 5 part. Often, more than 90% of a plant is made of water. Water, however, is a liquid, but plants are very 6 , especially when they are made of wood, like trees. If we dry a plant out by removing all of its 7 content, we can find out what is left over. Two things are found in the solid parts of plants: minerals and organic matter (物质). We can 8 these two parts if we bum the dried plant until only the ashes are 9 . If we analyze these ashes we find that they are made of the minerals that the plant needs to grow. The part that bums 10 is called the organic matter. 1. A. explanation B. exception C. connection D. inclusion 2. A. opposite B. accurate C. proper D. same 3. A. food B. water C. enemy D. nutrient 4. A. two B. three C. four D. five 5. A. useful B. important C. precious D. advanced 6. A. small B. living C. solid D. loose 7. A. water B. mineral C. fiber D. protein 8. A. predict B. discover C. expose D. separate 9. A. combined B. left C. shared D. covered 10. A. over B. out C. down D. away 2 语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 31-40 的相应位置上。 词数：139 完成时间：8 分钟 难度：** Many people believe that they 31 (suppose) to drink eight glasses of water 32 day, or about two liters. Why? Because that is 33 they have been told all their lives. 34 a new report offers some different advice. The experts say people should obey their bodies; they should drink as 35 water as they feel like drinking. The report contains some general 36 (suggest).The experts say that women should get about 2.7 liters of water 37 (day). Men should' get about 3.7 liters. But wait - in each case, that is more than eight glasses. There is an important difference. The report does not tell people how many glasses of water to drink. 38 fact, the experts say that 39 may be impossible to know how many glasses are needed to meet these guidelines. This is because the daily requirement can include the water 40 (contain) in foods. 3 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。 词数：313 完成时间：6 分钟 难度：*** Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview has an opposite effect according to a research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be "downloaded" into the brain. "A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a necessary condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead," scientists have found. "We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation (加 强),' said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study. "It seems that memories are normally washed out of the brain unless some process nails them down. I feel uncertain that sleep is one of those things that do the nailing down," Professor Stickgold said. Professor Stickgold's team trained the 24 people to tell the direction of three diagonal bars (斜线) shown for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal stripes (水平线). Half the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers. Those who slept the first night were much better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement in spite of enjoying two nights of catch up sleep. A further study by scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck in Germany showed that memories are laid down in two stages during the night. The fri-st is during the deep, so-called "slow wave" sleep, which usually takes place in the fnrst half of the night. The second, and less important stage happens during the periods of dreaming or "rapid eye movement (REM)". When people don't sleep well in the fu-st half of the night, their memory consolidation is almost the same as having no sleep at all. 41. Which of the following statements is correct according to Paragraph 1 ? A. It is necessary to burn the midnight oil before an exam or interview. B. Sleep speeds up the loss of memory. C. Man should have a good sleep if he wants to keep a good memory. D. Staying up late will make you better prepared for an exam or interview. 42. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ____________. A. some process helps memories to be washed out of the brain B. professor Stickgold is doubtful about whether sleep can make memories better C. some memories normally influence the function of the brain D. sleep improves the condition of memories 43. How was the research conducted by Professor Stickgold? A. The subjects were divided into two groups. B. All the subjects were kept awake for 3 nights. C. One group slept at the first night but was kept awake the next two nights. D. One group was kept awake for 3 nights but the other slept for the second and third nights. 44. What was the study result of the scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck? A. REM sleep is not important at all for the consolidation for memory. B. Intellectual performance mainly depends on the slow wave sleep period. C. When people sleep poorly in the first half of the night, it is almost the same as having no sleep at all. D. REM sleep is as important as slow wave sleep in terms of memory recall. 45. The best title of this passage is ____________. A. Sleep Necessary for Memories B. The Importance of the First Stage of Sleep C. Studies Made By Scientists About Sleep D. The Scientists' Achievement in Sleep Research 4. 读写任务 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇巧 30 词左右的英语短文： MP4 is the short name for a special video format called MPEG-4. The format can compress large video content into a relatively small document while keeping its quality. They named it MP4 mainly because it was regarded as an update from MP3. MP3 only compresses audio documents. After MP3 players became popular, some technology companies started thinking about making videos that fit into people's pockets. In fact, most PDAs and some hand-held mobile phones already have video function. Since then, manufacturers worldwide have joined in the rush. Among them are big companies like Sony, Microsoft and Apple, although they don't call their products MP4 players. Sony called its product with video function the PMP (Portable Media Player). Microsoft prefers PMC (Personal Media Centre), while some others call the gadgets PVPs (Personal Video Player) .But, basically, these products all have the same core function--playing video content. An MP4 player is not just an MP3 player with an extra video function. In fact, MP4 players must be able to play, record, and transform large video content. That requires an overall change in both hardware and software. Storage must be enlarged, display strengthened, speakers powered, software upgraded, and appearance redesigned. Since video function enriched the players, other functions such as games, cameras can be added. Sony's PSP (Play Station Portable) was originally built for video games. In this case, PMP or PMC is more accurate a term than MP4. [写作内容] 你的英语老师在上英语口语课时，老师要求你班的同学每人作一个简短的英语发言，谈 谈你们每人对 MP3 与 MP4 对青年学生学习和生活的的影响：请你；住备一篇发言稿，内容 包括以下内容： 1、以约 30 个词概括短文的要点： 2、然后以约 120 个词就“MP3 和 MP4 对青年学生学习和生活的影响”这个主题发表你的 看法，并包括下面要点： 1)以你或你的朋友的经历为例，说明 MP3，MP4 对你或你的朋友的影响； 2)你的同学对这个问题如何看法； 3)你的父母和老师对学生玩 MP3、MP4 有何看法? [写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直 接引用原文中的句子；标题自定； 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 [写作辅导] 1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：浪费时间和金钱 waste one's time and money，为 某事担心 be worried about sth，流行，受欢迎 be popular。 2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：They named it MP4 mainly because it was regarded as an update from MP3. MP3 only compresses audio documents./After MP3 players became popular, some technology companies started thinking about making videos that fit into people's pockets. 3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。 文章是讨论 MP3 与 MP4 对青年学生的影响”问题，属于评论性文字和结论性的观点，故多 用一般现在时或 一般将来时态。但是“以你或你的朋友的经历为例”，也不一定写成故事， 简单谈论一下就可以了。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ 答案: MP3 and MP4, Bad or Good? The writer tells us about the fact that MP4 updates MP3 because of the development of technology and its popularity among those youngsters. Mp3 and Mp4 are quite popular among us students now. I often listen to Mp3, too. We should use Mp3 and Mp4 not only for having fun, but also for English learning if we listen to them after we have finished our homework. This will make teachers, parents and us students happy. Most of my classmates share my idea, but some of them think MP3 and MP4 waste our parents ' money. Some teachers and parents are worried about this. They think listening to Mp3 and Mp4 can get in the way of school work, because some of us only use them to listen to music or watch movies. Some even bring Mp3 and Mp4 to school and listen to them in class. Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点） 词语 辨析 1. discover / find / invent 2. hope / wish / expect 3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate 4. set off / set out / set about 1. mercy n.仁慈，宽容 merciful adj. 宽恕的 merciless adj.残忍的；无 情的 2. abrupt adj.突然的，意外 的；唐突的，鲁莽的 abruptly adv.突然地； 粗鲁地 3. expect vt. 期待，预期， 指望 expectation n. 期待， 预料，指望，展望 unexpected. adj. 想不到 的，未预料 unexpectedly adv. 出乎 意料地，想不到地 4. freeze v.(使)冻结，(使) 结冰 n.冻结；冰冻期 freezing n. 冰点 adj. 冰冻的，严寒的 / 词形 变化 5. practise vt.&vi. 实行； 练习；实习 practice n. 练习，实习， 实践，习俗 practical adj.实际的，实 践的，实用的 重点 单词 1. distinguish 辨别；辨认；（常与 from, between 连用）区别；区分 2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的 3. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情）突然影响或控制（某人） 4. file n.[c] 文件；档案 vt. 把……归档 5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 悬挂，附着 vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死，绞死 词 汇 部 分 重点 词组 1. call up 征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人 2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）；着手做某事 3. (every) now and then/again 时而；偶尔；有时 4. out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障 5. get through 用完，消耗掉；（设法）做或完成某事；通过；与某人联系 6. ring back 回复电话 7. in case 因为可能发生某事；以防万一；万一 重点句型 1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 2. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled. 重点语法 复习过去分词做表语和宾语补足语（见语法部分） 语言要点（模块） Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. discover / find / invent 【解释】 discover 表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。 find 意为“发现，找到”，指对某种事物的寻求，也指对丢失的事物的找到。 invent 指设计或制造原来没有的东西。 【练习】用 discover，find，invent 的适当形式填空。 1). Columbus _______ America in 1492. 2). You will _______ it a difficult book. 3). When did you _______ that she’ s married? 4). I’ ve _______ the book I was hunting for. 5). Alexander Graham Bell _______ the telephone in 1876. 2. hope / wish / expect 【解释】 hope 后面只能接不定式和 that 从句，表示一种有信心的可实现的希望。 注意：① hope 后不能接动名词作宾语，也不能用 hope sb. to do sth. 结构。 ② 省略答语中，not 不可放在 hope 前，如不能说 I don’ t hope so.只能说 I hope not. wish 通常表示有某种未实现或无法实现的欲望或希望，wish 后跟从句时常用虚拟语气。 expect 表示“预期，盼望，期待，料想”，后面可跟名词、代词、不定式，that 从句等。 【练习】用 hope，wish，expect 的适当形式填空。 1). We _______ that our children will carry on our family traditions. 2). I _______ you a very happy future. 3). What do you _______ me to do? 4). Most of the parents _______ much of their children. 5). I am _______ a letter from her. 6). I ________ I were really wealthy. 3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate 【解释】 bear 强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力，常用于否定句中。 endure 意为“经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服”，强调持久力和意志坚强，常用于否 定句中。 stand 强调不屈不挠或经受得起，常用于否定句中。 tolerate 意为“忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗”，语气最弱，可用于肯定句和否定句。 【练习】用 bear，endure，stand，tolerate 的适当形式填空。 1). Our tent won’ t _______ another storm like the last one. 2). I can’ t _______ to wait any longer. 3). She’ s already had to _______ three painful operations on her leg. 4). I will not _______ that sort of behaviour in my class. 4. set off / set out / set about 【解释】 set off “出发”，侧重于去某个地方。 set out “出发，开始”，侧重于开始做某事，还有规划，展现的意思，后加不定式。 set about “开始，着手”，与 set out 意思相近，后加 v-ing 形式。 【练习】用 set off，set out，set about 的适当形式填空。 1). They succeeded in what they had _______ to do. 2). Having made up his mind, he _______ carrying out the plan. 3). If you want to catch that train we’ d better _______ for the station immediately. Ⅱ.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1. mercy n.仁慈，宽容 merciful adj. 宽恕的 merciless adj.残忍的；无情的 2. abrupt adj.突然的，意外 的；唐突的，鲁莽的 abruptly adv.突然地；粗鲁地 3. expect vt. 期待，预期， 指望 expectation n. 期待，预料，指 望，展望 unexpected. adj. 想不到的， 未预料 unexpectedly adv. 出 乎意料地，想不到地 4. freeze v.(使)冻结，(使) 结冰 n.冻结；冰冻期 freezing n. 冰点 adj. 冰冻的，严寒的 / 5. practise vt.&vi. 实行； 练习；实习 practice n. 练习，实习，实践， 习俗 practical adj.实际的，实 践的，实用的 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). This result was beyond my wildest ________ (expect). 2). She was subjected to the ________ (mercy) criticism of her opponents. 3). They asked her to be ________ (mercy) to the prisoners. 4). We must put our plans into ________ (practise). 5). Your invention is very ________ (practice). 6). The young girl practices ________ (play) the violin every day. 7). His father died _______ (expect), and it was ten years since they were last together. 8). We were _______ (freeze) cold in the tent last night. 9). Our conversation came to an _______ (abruptly) end when George burst into the room. Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料） 1. distinguish 辨别；辨认；（常与 from, between 连用）区别；区分 [典例] 1). I can distinguish them at a distance. 从远处我能认出他们。 2). The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom 这个人因智慧而扬名。 [重点用法] distinguish A from B 辨别 A 与 B be distinguished from 不同于…… be distinguished by 以……为特征 be distinguished for 因……而著称 distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。 1). Can you distinguish _______ those two objects? 2). Children should be taught to _______ _______ _______ _______ (分辨好坏). 3). Speech distinguishes human beings _______ the animals. 4). The Chinese nation is distinguished _______ its diligence and courage. 2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的 convenience n.便利，方便 conveniently adv.便利地 [典例] 1). Is it convenient for you to come next Sunday? 下个星期天你方便来吗？ 2). I can’ t see him now; it’ s not convenient. 我现在不便见他。 [重点用法] be convenient to sb. 对某人方便 It is convenient (for sb) to do sth. (某人)做某事方便 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). Come and see me _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (无论你何时方便). 2). We must arrange a ________ (convenience) time and place for the meeting. 3). I keep my reference books near by desk for _______ (convenient). 3. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情﹑ 愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人） [典例] 1). She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住我的手腕。 2). Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。 [重点用法] seize hold of sth 抓住某物 seize a chance / an opportunity 抓住时机 seize on/upon sth 意识到某事物而立即加以利用 [练习] 完成句子。 1). His father asked him ______________________________________ (抓住时机赚一些钱). 2). We _____________ (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run. 3). The critics _______ _______ (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant. 4. file n.[c] 文件；档案 vt. 把……归档 [典例] 1). Here are our files on the results of the business in the past five years. 这是我们过去五年来经 营成绩的案卷。 2). Please file this paper away, Miss Mary. 玛丽小姐，请把这份文件归档。 [重点用法] have／open／keep a file on 存有／设立／保存……的档案 [练习] 翻译下面的句子。 1). 她把她所有的信件仔细归档。 ____________________________________________________________________________ _______ 2). 他阅读了有关这个案件的全部卷宗。 ____________________________________________________________________________ _______ 5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 悬挂，附着；悬挂着 vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死，绞死 [典例] 1). His pictures were hung in the Museum of Modem Arts. 他的画在现代艺术馆展出。 2). The man was hanged for murder. 那男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。 [重点用法] hang about 闲待着，终日无所事事；闲荡 hang on 紧握着；(电话用语)别挂断 hang up 挂；挂断电话；延迟；推迟或搁置 [练习] 用与 hang 的正确形式或相关的词组填空。 1). She __________ the phone angrily before I could speak. 2). He _________ for murder. 3). The curtain ________ well. 4). _________ a minute; I’ m just coming. Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料） 1. call up 征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人 [典例] 1). He called me up to tell me the good news. 他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。 2). I was called up three months after war broke out.. 战争爆发后的第三个月，我应征入伍。 [短语归纳] call 短语： call back 召回；回电话；收回处理 call on/at 拜访(on 后跟人；at 后跟地点名 词) call for 要求，提倡，为……叫喊 call forth 使产生；引起；使起作用 call in 召集，召来，来访 call off 取消；取消或延期： call out 出动，唤起，大声叫唤 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。 1). This is the work that calls _______ patience. 2). Human Rights groups are calling _______ the release of political prisoners. 3). He had to _______ the meeting because of the bad weather. 4). I’ ll call _______ him tomorrow do you want to visit him with me? 5). The company has called _______ all such models as built in 1990. 6). The government then called _______ troops to deal with the disturbances. 7). The old photo calls _______ memories of my childhood. 2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）； 着手做某事 [典例] 1). I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。 2). The new government must set about finding solutions to the country’ s economic problems. 新 政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。 [短语归纳] set 短语： set sth aside 将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留（钱或时间） set sth down 将某事物记在纸上； 写下来 set out 从某地出发上路 set off 开始（旅行、赛跑等） set sth off 使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸 set to 精力充沛地开始做某事 set sth up 摆放或竖起某物；创（体 育）记录 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。 1). I don’ t know how to set _______ this job. 2). She set _______ a new world record time _______ the 100 metres. 3). They set _______ on the last stage _______ their journey. 4). How do senior managers set _______ making these decisions? 3. (every) now and then/again 时而；偶尔；有时 [典例] 1). I like to go to the opera now and then. 我喜欢偶尔去看歌剧。 2). Every now and again she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep. 她时而到楼上看看他是否 还在睡着。 [短语归纳] now 短语： now (that)... 由於……；既然 right now 此刻；现在 by now 到目前为 止 just now 刚才 from now on 从现在开始 [练习] 用与 now 相关的词组填空。 1). Sonia should have been home _______ _______. Do you think she’ s OK? 2). I hear from him ________ ________ ________ ________. 3). Please try to be more careful ________ ________ ________. 4). There’ s nothing I can do about this ________ ________. 4. out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障 [典例] Our air—conditioner is out of order. 我们的冷气机出故障了。 [短语归纳] order 短语： in order 整齐，状况良好，适宜，按顺序 in order that 后接从句，而 in order to 后接 动词原形 [练习] 翻译下面的句子。 1). 电梯出故障了。 ____________________________________________________________________________ __ 2). 情况一团杂糟。 ____________________________________________________________________________ __ 3). 他现在发言是十分合适的。 ____________________________________________________________________________ __ 5. get through 用完，消耗掉；（设法）做或完成某事；通过（与某人）联系（尤指通电话） [典例] 1). I’ ve got through a lot of correspondence today. 今天我处理了一大批信件。 2). I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’ t get through (to you). 昨天我给你打 了几次电话, 可是都没（和你）接通。 [短语归纳] get 短语： get (sth) across (to sb)（使某事）传播或为人理解 get ahead (of sb) 领先（於某人） get along with sb 与某人合得来；与某人和睦相处 get on/along with sth 取得进展 get away (from sb/...) 逃离或摆脱开（某人或某地） get off 离开某地或出发 get away with sth 偷携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get by (on sth)（靠某物）勉强维 生；设法维持；对付 get down to sth/doing sth 开始做某事；重视某事物；认真处理某事 get over sth overcome 克服；战胜；掌握 [练习] 翻译下面的句子。 1). If you cheat in the exam you’ ll never _______ _______ _______ it. 2). He’ s not very good at _______ his ideas _______. 3). It’ s time I _______ _______ (认真干) some serious work. 4). He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he’ ll ______ ______ it. 6. ring back 回复电话 [典例] 1). I’ ll ask him to ring you back. 我会叫他给你回电话。 2). He rang off before I could answer it. 我还没来得及接他就挂断了。 [短语归纳] ring 短语： ring...up 给……打电话 ring off 挂断电话 give sb. a ring 给某人 打电话 [练习] 翻译下面的句子。 1). 他们一到我就给你打电话。 ____________________________________________________________________________ __ 2). 你一定要挂电话了。我要用这个电话。 ____________________________________________________________________________ __ 3). 他给他的医生打了电话，取消了他们的约会。 ____________________________________________________________________________ __ 7. in case 因为可能发生某事；以防万一；万一 [典例] It may rain you’ d better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). 可能下雨---你最好带把伞，以 防万一（下起来）。 [短语归纳] case 短语： in case of sth 若发生某事；假如 in any case 无论如何；总之 in no case 在任何情形下决不；无论如何都不 in that case 既然那样；假若是 那样的话 [练习] 翻译下面的句子。 1). _______ _______ _______ _______ (遇火警时), ring the alarm bell. 2). You don’ t like your job? _______ _______ _______ (既然那样), why don’ t you leave? 3). Bring some money with you _______ _______ (以防万一) you want to buy something. Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料） 1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 我先看看有没有能派得上用场的产品，好象只 有一些用来杀死蛇的药粉。 [解释] (1) 在 there be 结构中，be 的人称与数应遵循就近一致原则： There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the comer of the house. There are two chairs and a bucket of water in the comer of the house. (2) there be 常见的形式有：there seems to be...／there happens to be...／there used to be... (3) seem 的归纳总结： ① sth.／sb. seem (to be)+adj.／名词好像 ② It seems that... 似乎，好像…… ③ It seems to sb that... 在某人看来好像…… ④ It seems as if／as though... 看起来好像(后可接虚拟语气，这可接表真实的表语从句。) It seems as if it were going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。(天气好得很，不会下雨。) It seems as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。(真的快要下雨了。) ⑤ There seems (to be)…… 好象…… [练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). The child seems _______ (be) healthy, but the doctor is concerned. 2). It seems to me _______ there’ s something funny about the case. 3). There doesn’ t seem _______ (be) much hope that he’ ll come / of him coming. 2. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled. 在碗的内外壁中间有些果冻，当冷冻时就会变得非常硬。 [解释] when cooled 的构成：连词+过去分词，相当于 when 引导的状语从句 when it is cooled 如果 when／while 引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，常常可用 when／ while + 现在分词短语或者过去分词短语的结构来代替。 1). When offered help, you should say “thank you” or “it’ s very kind of you”. = When you are offered help, you should say “thank you” or “it’ s very kind of you”. 2). You must be careful when crossing the street. = You must be careful when you cross the street. 3). Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful. = If／When the city is seen from the hill, the city is beautiful. 4). Seeing from the hill, you call see that the whole city is beautiful. = If／When you see from the hill, you can see that the whole city is beautiful. [练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). Once _______ (publish), this novel will be very popular! 2). _______ (tell) many times, he still couldn’ t understand. 3). The girls are talking excitedly, _______ (follow) their teacher. 课文要点（模块） Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等） 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： When I called up my mother in the countryside on the phone, she told me ___1_____came to my home now and then, and they seemed to 2 （make） their home there. I got the chance to _____3_____ (区分)myself by inventing something to catch snakes. No products can help me catch snakes, so I set 4 researching the habits of snakes in order to trap them. I decided on three approaches: firstly 5 （remove）their habitat; secondly, _____6_____ them into a trap, the thirdly 7 them. I used some 8 bowl to make the snakes less 9 , and then collected them, the next day 10 them into the wild. Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力） 阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。 这是一篇关于一个女孩如何通过多次尝试最后成功地把在她母亲家院子里安家的一窝蛇 捉住并放归大自然的，以及她的捕蛇技术申请了发明专利的故事。 The story is about ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________. Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力） 1.【原句】Prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches. 经过一 番研究准备之后，我决定采用三种可能的方法 [模仿要点] 句子结构：V-ed 状语，+ 主句 【模仿 1】有电子词典的帮助，学生可以学得更多更快。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】有知识的武装，我们能有更多的机会与别人竞争。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．【原句】Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to send my invention to the patent office to get recognition for my successful idea. 由于朋友和亲戚的敦促，我决定抓住这次机会 把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可. [模仿要点] 句子结构：V-ed 状语，主句 【模仿 1】虽然做好了失败的准备，我仍然感到伤心并决定抓住每一分钟更加努力提高我的 英语。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】被她的耐心所感动，我对我的粗鲁行为感到尴尬并决定要学做耐心的人，这有助 于我与我的同学，朋友和我的父母很好地相处。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 【 原 句 】 Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：Only + 介词短语 + 倒装 【模仿 1】只有通过生产用太阳能驱动的交通工具我们才能解决能源短缺问题。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】只有把竞争和合作相联合，才能有助于我们达到目标并满足自身需求。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 单元自测 （模块） Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. I’m sorry, but I don’t know there is an (突然的) change of the plan. 2. As (预料), the sales manager gave in his notice at work today. 3. It’s our (期望) that you will do well. 4. We should try our best to put the enemy in a (被动的) position. 5. As we all know, newspapers influence the (潮流) of thought. 6. Your books and magazines are almost in a m ; go and put them in order. 7. The football club c arranges all the matches. 8. I have heard two v of the accident. 9. Illness is a v excuse for being absent from work. 10. She t me on the shoulder, but I didn’t feel it. Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 call up/call off/set out /set off/go through 1. The poor girl has such a lot since her parents died. 2. Do be care ful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could them . 3. The football match was because of the heavy rain. 4. These old photos my childhood memories. 5. I to knit(编织) a sweater but in the end it became a vest. Ⅲ. 翻译句子 1. 这一家人搬走了，因为这里经常交通堵塞，孩子上学不方便。(convenient) 2. 打扫完房间之后，她开始准备晚饭。(set about) 3. 你最好给他打个电话以防他忘了确切的时间。(call up; in case) 4. 他太被动了。事实上，他应该得到这次机会。(passive; in truth) 5. 她最近一直忙于申请专利的事，没时间整理家，所以现在家里很乱。 (apply for; in a mess) Ⅳ.单项填空 从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. When I walked past the street and saw the children playing happily, their happy laughter memories of my childhood. A. called in B. called for C. called on D. called up 2. He was left out when they choosing a new manager, which came as a complete surprise to him. A. set out B. set about C. set off D. s et up 3. We all write even when there is not much to say. A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less 4. We should right wrong. A. distinguish; by B. distinguish; for C. distinguish; from D. distinguish; to 5. —She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing and dancing. — . A. So I am B. So it is with my sister C. So am I D. Neither do I 6. The train came to an stop, making many passengers fall off their seats. A. abruptly B. suddenly C. surprised D. abrupt 7. —When could you have a meal with me? —I’d like to go whenever it is to you. A. fit B. nice C. convenient D. suit 8. It’s your decision—you must the responsibility if things go wrong. A. bear B. take down C. put up with D. stand 9. Mrs Black isn’t in and I’ll have to ring . I would appreciate it if you ring after 6 o’clock. A. off; back B. up; off C. out; up D. back; off 10. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell short of our . A. expectations B. advantages C. opportunities D. contributions 1 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 21—30 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：191 完成时间：14 分钟 难度：*** Most children want to be pop stars or footballers when they grow up. But 11-year-old Amy Jones had the chance to 21 more about her 22 job -- a medical biologist m when she won an essay writing competition for primary students. Amy's 23 for the best essay on "What I want to be when I'm older" was a day at the Oxford Medical Science Institute. Staff organized a special programme for the would-be 24 , introducing her to the projects being worked on by medical biologists at Oxford. The sessions included a look at the 25 of medical biologists in fighting cancers and 26 to become a medical biologist. Amy said she was 27 to become a biologist after watching a television programme. In her essay she wrote: "The medical biologist plays a big role in many discoveries and it would be a challenging, exciting and 28 job." Dr Kathryn Robson, the Institute director said: "It's 29 that we encourage young people to study science and think about scientific research as a job. I hope Amy now has a better 30 of what it takes to become a medical biologist." 21. A. carry out B. sort out C. find out D. look out 22. A. dream B. father's C. first D. mother's 23. A. idea B. prize C. wish D. topic 24. A. pop star B. journalist C. scientist D. writer 25. A. performance B. action C. operation D. role 26. A. when B. whether C. how D. where 27. A. inspired B. chosen C. made D. forced 28. A. disappointing B. tiring C. surprising D. rewarding 29. A. vital B. simple C. funny D. unusual 30. A. decision B. understanding C. desire D. taste 2 语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 31-40 的相应位置上。 词数：201 完成时间：9 分钟 难度：*** Dear everyone, Can I really be so far away and still feel at home? It has been less than a month 31 I started at the Frances King School and I already feel that I belong to London. 32 many of the students here, I am living with a local family, 33 ertainly helps me to practice my English away from class. The school believes that 34 (learn) should continue outside classes and 35 students should have the chance to experience British culture. Last week we all went to see a musical(歌舞剧) 36 this weekend we are going to visit Stratford for the day. We have also been promised a weekend inParis next spring! Of course, I'm working hard'as well as having 37 . With class sizes of less than fifteen there is 38 chance of being able to avoid the teachers. As well as learning English we are also taught how to study by 39 (we). That should make 40 easier when I get to university. For such a friendly place, the Frances King School is very large. Students come from all over the world to learn here, from Europe and South America as well as China. We're all finding it a great place to learn. Best wishes, Xiaomei 3. 信息匹配 阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。下列是某网站的栏目信息： A. Technology Data structures: VB and VBA offer two options: arrays... Top 10 Outrageous Laptop Bags Top Tip:llP address for switch? B. Autos Basic wheel alignment Pep Boys Now Sells Auto Parts and Accessories Online.., Forward march: LED-powered headlights are just over the ... C. Business Smart investments for young professionals: whether you... HR comes of age--history of human resource management Piece of cake? The reality of opening a restaurant... - D. Sports Best Buy Handguns 3 Ways to Stop Coming Over the Top-Brief Article How to be a "skateboard artist" E. Home & Garden Accent walls:Try a color variation on one wall to ... Fantastic forts, terrific tree house: children are... Vegetarian menus that work when you do--includes ... F. Health The flat abs diet: use our six eating strategies to get... The sour truth about apple cider vinegar--evaluation... Push-up intensity: our simple-to-do Push-up program ... 以下文字均选自上述网站，请根据文字的内容，匹配它们相应的栏目： 41. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the personnel-management profession that grew out of concerns about employee absenteeism (旷工) and high turnover attempted to solve worker problems with such basic personnel-management functions as employee selection, training and compensation (补偿). 42. Apple cider vinegar is an old folk remedy for a long list of ailments. Supporters say that it can cure arthritis, guard against osteoporosis, lower blood pressure and cholesterol-levels, prevent cancer, destroy infection, assist in digestion and weight control, maintain the memory, and protect the mind from aging. 43. What is a well-designed laptop bag? For starters, it can't weigh more than the laptop itself. Next, the shoulder strap should be comfortable, especially if you're lugging it to and from work And with all the gadgets (小配件) we own these days, there should be plenty of zippered compartments (拉链隔开的间隔) for storage and safekeeping. 44. The Pep Boys, Manny, Moe & Jack, say they are now selling automotive parts and accessories(附件:) on their website, pep boys, com It allows customers to conduct detailed searches by either name brands or parts. There is also a section featuring the latest in car and truck accessories, the company says. 45. The tree house my husband wanted to build for our kids went beyond anything I' d had in mind. It was to be fully enclosed, with a trapdoor for entry, and a regular door to a deck complete with full railing. He wanted it to be big enough for both of us to stand up in. 4 写作训练 假设你是你校京剧爱好者协会的成员，在一次同英国中学生代表团的联欢活动中，你协 会将出一个京剧节目。演出前，由你向外国朋友介绍京剧的由来，按以下提示介绍： 1．京剧在中国很受欢迎，历史悠久，有 200 多年的历史。 2．在清朝，当时的皇帝对地方剧有兴趣。18 世纪末，为庆祝皇帝 80 岁生日，各地方 剧团来京演出，4 个来自安徽的剧团在庆典后留在北京。慢慢形成了一种新剧种，被称为京 剧。 3．宣布演出开始。 参考词汇：地方剧：local opera 清朝：Qing Dynasty 剧团：troupe [写作要求] 1．只能使用 5 个句子表达全部内容； [评分标准] 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ 答案: Beijing Opera, with a history of more than 200 years, is very popular in China. During the Qing dynasty, the emperor had a strong interest in local operas. In the late 18th century, to celebrate the emperor’s 80th birthday, local opera troupes from different parts of China came to Beijing to perform for him. Four famous troupes from Anhui province remained in Beijing after the celebration and gradually a new type came into being known as Beijing Opera. Now is the performance. Unit4 Pygmalion 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点） 词语 辨析 1. adapt / adopt 2. ignore / neglect / overlook 3. luck / fortune / destiny / fate 1. comfort n. 舒适；安慰 vt.使舒适；安慰，慰问 comfortable adj. 舒 服 的 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的，不自在的 comfortably adv.舒适地 uncomfortably adv.不舒 服地；难受地 2. classify vt. 把……分类， 把……分级 classification n.分类， 分级；类别，级别 3. betray vt. 出卖；背叛 betrayal n.[u]出卖，辜 负，暴露 betrayer n. 出卖者 4. superior adj.上级的，较 高的 n.上级，长官 superiority n.优越(性) ， 优等 5. trouble n. 麻烦，困难 vt.麻烦 vi.费力 troublesome adj. 令人 烦恼的，麻烦的 词形 变化 6. pronounce vt.发音；宣布 pronunciation n.发音 重点 单词 1. adaptation n.[c] 改编 2. hesitate vi. 犹豫，踌躇，不愿 3. mistaken adj. 犯错的，错误的 4. condemn vt. 判刑，谴责，宣告……不适用 5. acquaintance n.[u]相识；熟悉 n.[c]熟人 6. fortune n.[u]命运；运气；机会 [c]财产，财富 词 汇 部 分 重点 词组 1. pass sb. off as... 把某人改变或冒充成…… 2. a handful of 一把；一小撮，少数，少量 3. in amazement 惊讶地 4. in terms of... 以……的观点；就……而说 5. show... in 带或领……进来 重点句型 1. Generally speaking, people are more polite to those whom they think are of higher social class. 2. Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation. 重点语法 分词作状语（见语法部分） 语言要点（模块） Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. adapt / adopt 【解释】 adapt v. 使…适应，改编 This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original. 这 部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。 adopt v. 采用，收养，接受 Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan. 他们因没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。 【练习】用 adapt 与 adopt 的正确形式填空。 1). You must ________ to the norms of the society you live in. 2). Paul’ s mother had him _________ because she couldn’ t look after him herself. 3). This machine has been specially _________ for underwater use. 4). These styles can be _________ to suit individual tastes. 5). We should _________ the consumers’ suggestion. 2. ignore / neglect / overlook 【解释】 ignore v. 忽视，不理睬，指有意识地拒绝 [+sb/sth]； neglect v. 忽视，忽略，疏忽，指无意识地忽视或忘记 [+sb/sth][+to do]； overlook v. 忽略，疏漏，指有意识地或无意识地忽略、遗漏或不采取行动。 【练习】选择 neglect，overlook，ignored 填空。 1). She saw him coming but she _______ him. 2). He _______ to make repairs in his house. 3). The mother _______ her little boy’ s bad behavior. 3. luck / fortune / destiny / fate 【解释】 luck 意为“命运，运气”。 fortune 意为“命运”，多含变幻无常的意味。 destiny 强调命中注定，是天意。 fate 多比喻不幸或死亡，含宿命的意味。 【练习】选择 luck，fortune，destiny，fate 填空。 1). She told my _______ by reading my palm. 2). I hope this charm will bring you _______. 3). A meeting to decide the _______ of the factory is to be held today. 4). _______ drew us together. Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1. comfort n. 舒适；安慰 vt.使舒适；安慰，慰问 comfortable adj. 舒 服 的 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的， 不自在的 comfortably adv. 舒 适 地 uncomfortably adv.不舒服地； 难受地 2. classify vt. 把……分类， 把……分级 classification n.分类，分级；类 别，级别 3. betray vt. 出卖；背叛 betrayal n.[u]出卖，辜负，暴露 betrayer n. 出卖者 4. superior adj.上级的，较 高的 n.上级，长官 superiority n.优越(性) ，优等 5. trouble n. 麻烦，困难 vt.麻烦 vi.费力 troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的， 麻烦的 6. pronounce vt.发音；宣布 pronunciation n.发音 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). The hotel is modern and ________ (comfort) furnished. 2). She always felt slightly ________ (comfort) in a hat. 3). We will never forgive his ________ (betray). 4). She works well with those superior ________ (介词) her in the firm. 5). The economy has become a ________ (trouble) issue for the Conservative Party. 6). We had no trouble ________ (find) the address. 7). The books in the library ________ (classify) according to subject. 8). Only eleven of these accidents were classified ________ (介词) major. 9). She doesn’ t like having her ________ (pronounce) corrected. Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料） 1. adaptation n.[c] 改编 adapt vt.使适应(合)；修改,改编 vi. (to)适应 [典例] 1). The play is an adaptation of a short novel. 这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。 2). The adaptation of animals to the environment is rather slow. 动物对环境的适应是相当慢的。 [重点用法] adaptation to 对……的适应 adapt oneself to 使适应；使适 合 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). He tried hard to _______ himself _______ (使自己适应) the new conditions. 2). He made a quick ________ _________ (适应了) the new environment. 3). When they moved to Canada, the children _______ _______ the change very well. 2. hesitate vi. 犹豫，踌躇，不愿 hesitation n.[u,c]踌躇；犹豫不决 [典例] 1). He hesitated before he answered because he didn’ t know what to say. 他在回答之前犹豫了 一下，因为他不知道说什么。 2). Don’ t hesitate about that. Do it at once. 对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。 [重点用法] hesitate to do sth. 做某事犹豫不决 hesitate about (doing)sth. 对某事犹豫 不决 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). He was still ________ over whether to join the expedition. 2). He did not hesitate _______ (ask) her to sit beside him. 3). Without any_______ (hesitate), he jumped into the river to save the drowning child. 4). There’ s no room for _______ (hesitate). 3. mistaken adj. 犯错的，错误的 mistake n.&v. 错误，过失；弄错，误解，把……误认为 [典例] 1). You are mistaken about him．你误会他了。 2). It can’ t have been my car. You must be mistaken. 那不可能是你的车。你肯定错了。 [重点用法] by mistake 错误地 mistake for 被误认为是 mistake in 在……的错误 make a mistake 犯错误 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). Someone must have left the door open _______ mistake. 2). We may have made a mistake ________ our calculations. 3). Tom didn’ t make a single spelling ________ in his composition. 4). You _______ my meaning entirely. 5). He was ________ for the minister. 6). Ivan’ s work is always full of _______. 4. condemn vt. 判刑，谴责，宣告……不适用 condemnation n.[u,c]谴责，指责，定罪 [典例] 1). We condemn his foolish behavior. 我们谴责他的愚蠢行为。 2). The criminal was condemned to death. 那个罪犯被判处死刑。 [重点用法] condemn sb. / sth. 谴责某人/某事 be condemned to 判以……刑；使…… 注定 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). She knew that society would ________ her for leaving her children. 2). There was widespread international _________ (condemn) of the bombing. 3). He was found guilty and condemned ________ death. 5. acquaintance n.[u]相识；熟悉；熟知 n.[c]相识的人，熟人 acquaint vt. 使熟知，告知 [典例] 1). I have some acquaintance with the Russian. 我懂一点儿俄语。 2). She was a casual acquaintance in Vienna. 她是我在越南的一个熟人。 [重点用法] make one’ s acquaintance = make the acquaintance with sb. 结识某人 acquaint sb. wth.... 使某 人认识/了解…… [练习] 根据句子的意思在横线上填入适当的词。 1). The musician had little acquaintance ________ modern science. 2). I am delighted to ________ your acquaintance. 3). She has many ________ in the business community. 4). I have some acquaintance ________ Spanish. 5). I need to ________ myself with the new regulations. 6. fortune n.[u]命运；运气；机会 [c]财产，财富 fortunate adj.幸运的，幸福的 [典例] 1). She had the good fortune to be free from illness. 她运气好，没得病。 2). It is believed that it will bring good fortune in the coming year. 据说它还能为人们在新的一 年里带来好运气。 [重点用法] make a fortune 发财 seek one’ s fortune 外出找出路 try one’ s fortune 碰运气 be fortunate to do sth.／in doing sth. 幸运 做某事 [练习] 根据句子的要求翻译。 1). He _______ _______ _______ (发了财) by selling houses. 2). She _______ _______ _______ (寻求她的财富) in another country. 3). _________ (不幸的是), the fire spread quidkly after it had started. Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料） 1. pass sb. off as... 把某人改变或冒充成…… [典例] 1). He escaped by passing himself off as a guard. 他冒充警卫逃走了。 2). She passed him off as her husband. 她把他假充作自己的丈夫。 [重点用法] pass sth. to sb. 将某物递给某人 pass away 去世 pass down/on... 把…… 传给后世 pass...on to 把……传递给…… pass by 走过；经过 pass through 通过；穿 过 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。 1). Pass the book _______ _______ me when you’ ve finished it. 2). I was sorry to learn that his mother had passed _______. 3). She passed _______ a difficult period after her marriage failed. 4). They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them _______ _______ valuable antiques. 2. a handful of 一把；一小撮，少数，少量 [典例] He pulled out a handful of coins from his pocket. 他从口袋里取出一把钱。 [短语归纳] a mouthful of 一口；少量 an armful of 一揽；一抱 [练习] 根据句子的意思翻译。 1). We have received only _______ _______ _______ (少数几封) letters on this subject. 2). He only ate a few _______ _______ (几口) meat. 3. in amazement 惊讶地 [典例] I stared at him in amazement. 我吃惊地盯着他。 [短语归纳] in 在结构中表示“处于……状态”的短语： in action 在行动 in advance 事先 in anger 气忿地 in common 共有， 共同 in danger 处于危险中 in debt 欠债 in detail 详细地 in doubt 怀疑 in excitement 兴奋地 in tears 流着眼泪 in general 大体上 in operation 生效, 运转着 in place 在适当的位置 in reality 实际上 in return 作为报答 in secret 秘密地 in shape 处于良好状态 in short 简言之 in sight 被看见 in silence 沉默地 in vain 白白地 in thought 思考 in trouble 有麻烦 in turn 依次为 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). ________ my amazement, he changed so much. 2). I find it ________ (amaze) that you can’ t swim. 3). I heard that a burglar broke into my room last night ________ amazement. I couldn’ t believe my ears. 4. in terms of... 以……的观点；就……而说 [典例] 1). In terms of money, he’ s quite rich, but not in terms of happiness. 就钱来说他很富有，但就幸 福来说就不然了。 2). It is difficult to express it in terms of science. 要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。 [短语归纳] 英语中类似结构的短语有： in need of 需要 in charge of 负责 in search of 搜寻 in hope of 希望 in honor of 纪念、尊重 in favor of 有利于 in spite of 尽管 in case of 以防、万一 in place of 代替 [练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。 1). Think of it ________ ________ ________ (从……角度) an investment. 2). It was a bad year for films, ________ _________ ________ ________ _________ ________ _________ (无论从数量上还是质量上). 3). This project is ________ _________ ________ ________ (迫切地需要) funding. 4). He is homeless and________ _________ ________ ________ _________ (需要帮助). 5. show... in 带或领……进来 [典例] 1). Tom showed a little boy in. 汤姆带了一个小男孩进来。 2). Will you show him in? 你把他领进来好吗？ [短语归纳] show 短语： show sb. out 领某人出去 show sb. around 领某人参观某地 show off 炫耀，卖弄，使显眼 show up 出现，来到某处，揭露，显得好看 [练习] 用适当的介词或副词填空。 1). 1 will show you ________ when you are in the city. 2). She likes to show ________ her nice figure by wearing tight dresses. 3). Uncle George didn’ t show ________ for our wedding because he forgot it. 4). He showed me ________ a sittingroom. Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料） 1. Generally speaking, people are more polite to those whom they think are of higher social class. 总的来说，人们对那些他们认为属于较高社会阶层的人更礼貌一些。 [解释] 1). 本句中的 of 表示“从属”关系。例如： Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。 2). be of＋形容词＋抽象名词＝be＋副词＋与该抽象名词同根的形容词。例如： What I said is of great importance. = What I said is very important. 我所说的非常重要。 可用于以上结构的抽象名词及相对应的形容词有：ability-able, help-helpful, use-useful, importance-important, interest-interesting, significance-significant, value-valuable [练习] 翻译句子。 1). 他是个兴趣广泛的人。 ____________________________________________________________________________ ________ 2). 我觉得这本英汉字典非常有用。 ____________________________________________________________________________ ________ 2. Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation. 亨利.希金斯正与皮克 林上校促膝长谈。 [解释] 形容词短语 deep in sth.“专心；全神贯注；深陷”，可用在句中作表语、状语。例： 1). He was deep in thought. 他陷入了沉思。 2). He was so deep in his work that he was not aware of the fire. 他是如此专心工作以致于不知 道发生了火灾。 3). Deep in work, he didn’ t notice a man come in. 同样用法的词还有：lost, determined, absorbed, dressed 等，例： 1). Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 2). Absorbed in novel, he forgot his appointment. [练习] 翻译句子。 1). _________ (determine) not to come back, she went out of the house. 2). _________ (dress) as a princess, she went onto the stage. 课文要点（模块） Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等） 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： Higgins, Pickering and Eliza were ____1______ from the rain. Eliza was a poor flower girl who was _____2_____ to improve herself. But she could speak poor English. The expert in phonetic, Higgins, noticed this and became ____3_____ in teaching her English. At first he wrote down the words that the girl used. She was surprised at this. Later she knew that phonetics _____4_____ from people’s own ____5_____. And that was Higgins ____6____ and hobby. Higgins said her ___7_______ English will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days. Once _____8____ to speak properly, the girl could ____9_____ herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party. Higgins and Pickering had exchanged their own opinion and decided to teach her English from the _____10_____. Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力） 阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。 这个剧本讲述的是一个来自社会下层且语言粗俗的卖花女，偶然遇到上层社会的皮克林 上校和希金斯教授的情景。 The play is about ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力） 1. 【 原 句 】 A man is hiding from the rain listening to people’s language and watching their reactions. 有一个男士在躲雨，边听人们谈话，边观察着人们的反应。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：主句 + V-ing and V-ing 【模仿 1】 所以的学生在晚会上又唱又跳，玩得很开心。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】我喜欢独自学习，可以集中精神于我做的事情及思考我的想法。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．【原句】Disappointed at the outcome, but thinking it is better than nothing, Eliza said: “ Thank you, sir.” 对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子，但想到有总比没有好,Eliza 说：“谢谢,先生.” [模仿要点] 句子结构：V-ed 状语，+ but +V-ing 状语, +主句 【模仿 1】虽然训练很累，但相信总有一天他会成为冠军，刘翔告诉自己要坚持。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】虽然被电脑游戏吸引，但想到他的作业还没做，他立即关掉电脑。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 【原句】She’s quite a common girl with dirty nails. 她是很普通的一个年轻姑娘，手指甲脏 兮兮的。 [模仿要点] 句子结构： a/an + adj. + C.N. + with 短语作定语 【模仿 1】她是一位相当聪明的学生，且乐于助人。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】他是一位有着快乐家庭的成功商人。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 单元自测 （模块） 基础测试： Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. An a represents his government in a foreign country. 2. Quit e a lot of people will b themselves when tempted by money. 3. The government should take e measures to stop water from being polluted. 4. The books in the library are c according to subject. 5. If yo u think you can drink so much without damaging your health, then you’re m . 6. He is smaller than you, but he is （优秀的）to you. 7. The interior decoration of the house is (折中) between Chinese and foreign styles. 8. These two brothers decided to go to America to try their （运气）. 9. He dipped into the bag and brought out a （一把）of sample wheat. 10. The doctor said that the patient might be （ 不 舒 服 的 ） after her operation. Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. （lose）in the fog, we were forced to spend two hours in the woods. 2. （discuss）many times, the problems were settled at last. 3. When first （introduce）to the market, these products enjoyed great success . 4. You are very much （ mistake ） if you think that people will agree to these changes. 5. She stood （hesitate）over whether to join the fight or not. 6. I first made his （acquaint）in 1993, when we were both at Stanford University. 7. Wines are （classify）according to quality. Ⅲ. 完成句子 1. Eliza is a poor flower girl who has (雄心勃勃) to improve herself. 2. It is raining heavily and Eliza is the storm.(躲雨) 3. The man makes notes, (一边观察) peoples use of language and reaction. 4. Excuse me, ? (你有零钱吗？) 5. Who’s hurting you, you silly girl. What do you (你把我看 成什么人啦)? Ⅳ.单项填空 从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. I was about it. I thought you were responsible and that’s why I scolded you. Please forgive me. A. curious B. worried C. particular D. mistaken 2. The 7·5 Violence in Xinjiang Province has been by the entire international community. A. condemned B. scolded C. criticized D. blamed 3. In our school students are according to how much they know and how old they are. A. classified B. combined C. listed D. made 4. , what you did is right. So dont be worried about it any more. A. General speaking B. Generally speaking C. General spoken D. Generally to speak 5. Have you looked ahead what you’ll be doing in five years time? A. about B. to C. on D. with 6. He is not very confident and always before making a decision. A. considers B. hesitates C. reflects D. waits 7. She thought herself to her friends because her family was rich. A. higher B. better C. richer D. superior 8. When day dawned, the stars of sight. A. kept away B. faded out C. faded into D. died out 9. Don’t sit there nothing. Come and help me with the table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing 10. No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed 1 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 21—30 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 字数：203 完成时间：14 分钟 难度：*** Most greenhouses look like a small glass house. Green-houses are used to grow plants, especially in the winter. Greenhouses 21 by trapping heat from the sun. The glass panes (窗玻 璃) of the greenhouse let in light but keep heat from 22 . This causes the greenhouse to heat up – much like the 23 of a car parked in sunlight -- which keeps the plants 24 enough to live in winter. The Earth' s atmosphere is all around us. It is the air that we breathe. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere 25 much like the glass panes in a greenhouse. 26 enters the Earth's atmosphere, passing through the blanket of green- house gases. As it reaches the Earth's surface, the land, water and biosphere (生物圈) 27 its energy. Once absorbed, this energy is passed back into the 28 . Some of the energy passes back into space, but much of it 29 , trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases, causing our world to heat up. The greenhouse 30 is important. Without it, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. If the effect becomes stronger, though, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants and animals. 21. A. run B. work C. perform D. apply 22. A. increasing B. cooling C. escaping D. passing 23. A. outside B. top C. window D. inside 24. A. warm B. strong C. healthy D. tall 25. A. behave B. react C. conduct D. operate 26. A. Gas B. Sunlight C. Heat D. Energy 27. A. absorb B. use C. stop D. reflect 28. A. sky B. greenhouse C. atmosphere D. surface 29. A. disappears B. escapes C. continues D. remains 30. A. effect B. result C. change D. force 2 语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 31-40 的相应位置上。 词数：138 完成时间：8 分钟 难度：** Every student will be faced with the question when he passes the college entrance examinations: Should we choose a good major 31 a good university first? Some students prefer 32 (consider) majors first so that they can learn 33 they are interested in. It will also make 34 possible for them to take their favorite jobs in the future. 35 , those 36 think differently believe that the environment is important to one's development and 37 graduates from leading universities are often more likely to find a good job. 38 my opinion, the best choice is a good major at a good university. If we cannot obtain both, the first thing 39 (consider) is a good major, because no matter 40 we study, we can still achieve a lot in a certain field if we try our best. 3 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。 词数：314 完成时间：7 分钟 难度：*** In June, 2007, a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada’s Manitoba province, will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube. The one-kilogram Win-Cub satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes. There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace (航空航天的) experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations. The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program. It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space. “These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm, innovation ( 创 新 ), and a strong love for discovery,” said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. “We want to make science more relevant, interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space,” Bjomson added. The Win-Cube program is mainly named at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba’s devotion to research and innovation and the development of a skilled workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth. 41. According to the passage, the Win-Cube satellite is . A. named after Manitoba and its shape B. intended for international communication C. designed like a Rubik’s cube both in shape and size D. challenged by university students around the world 42. According to Mr. Bjomson, . A. those Manitoba high school students are worth praising B. the study of space can be practically made in classrooms C. Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of space D. scientific research is too far away from high school students 43. The primary purpose of the project is to . A. find the early signs of earthquakes B. relate studies to practical C. help high school students study real-world engineering D. inspire a strong desire for discovery among the students 44. Which of the following statements is WRONG? A. In Canada there are 80 similar satellite programs in all. B. These students will have an opportunity to learn more about engineering through the project. C. These high school will have a strong love for discovery and be interested in science. D. This Win-Cube program is very successful in Canada. 45. The best title for this passage may be . A. Manitoba School B. Win-Cube Program C. Space Co-operation D. Satellite Launching 4.读写任务 阅读下面一封信，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文： Dear editor, I 'm writing to tell you about a food poisoning incident. Several days ago, my neighbor family ate a bag of fake food from the market. After the meal, they had stomachaches and brought up what they had eaten as their faces turned pale. Fortunately, another neighbor passed by only to find the accident and immediately called the ambulance, which carried them quickly to hospital. After several hours' treatment they finally escaped from death. From this all of us have realized the importance of food safety. And I do hope the whole society shall begin taking actions to protect people's life safety. Yours Li Hua [写作内容] 你校是一所国际学校校办英文杂志的学生编辑：你看了上面这封信后，也想写一篇关于 该信的感想或评论的文章，内容要点包括： 1、以约 30 个词概括上面这封信的内容要点，并作为你的文章的开头部分： 2、以约 120 个词谈谈你对文中叙述之事的感想和相关的情况，并包括下面要点： 1)你对此事件的看法： 2)解释你的理由并提出你的建议： 3)向受害者表达尽快复康的祝愿： [写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直 接引用原文中的句子；标题自定： 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称： [评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯： [写作辅导] 1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：获得利益 make profits, 非法的 illegal，卫生 hygiene，安全措施 safety measures，控告 charge，和谐的 harmonious,食品安全 food safety. 2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：I' m writing to tell you about a food poisoning incident. / Fortunately, another neighbor passed by only to find the accident and immediately called the ambulance, which carried them quickly to hospital / After several hours' treatment they finally escaped from death. / From this all of us have realized the importance of food safety. 3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子：作 文中“你对此事件的看法”、“解释你的理由并提出你的建议”“向受害者表达尽快复康的祝愿” 为评论性文字和结论性的观点，故用一般现在时或一般将来时态。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ 答案: Safety Ought to Be Paid More Attention to Today, I received a reader's letter about a food poisoning incident, and with others' help, the victims were safe. The responsible reader also referred to the importance of food safety and the necessity of actions to protect people's life. I was shocked at the food poisoning incident. Personally speaking, the government should pay more attention to the food safety and making some necessary laws. As some illegal businessmen are only interested in making profits in the race to become rich quickly, they seldom care about the necessary safety measures and hygiene or care what happens to consumers. They must be charged by law. Only in this way will the whole society have a better and harmonious life. Here, I also wish all the victims recover soon. Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点） 词 汇 词语 辨析 1. used to / would 2. interrupt / disturb / bother 3. assume / suppose / presume 1. alternative n.[c]替换物 adj.选择性的，二中择一的 alternatively adv. 作为 选择，二者择一 2. accuracy n.[u]精确性，正 确度 accurate adj. 正确的， 精确的 inaccurate adj. 不准确的 accurately adv. 正确地， 精确地 inaccurately adv. 不准确地 3. assume vt.假定；设想； 采用；承担 assumption n. 假定， 设想，假装，就职 assumed adj. 假定的， 假装的，装的 4. analysis n.[c]分析，分解 analyse(analyze) vt.分 析，分解 analytical adj.分析的， 解析的 5. significance n. 意义，含 义；重要性，重大 significant adj. 相当数 量的；意义重大的 significantly adv. 意义 深远地，重大地 6. division n.分(开，配，担； 歧，裂)；除(法)；部门 divide vt.分(开)；vi.分 开 词形 变化 7. skill n.[c,u]技能，技巧， 熟练，巧妙 skillful adj. 灵巧的， 熟练的，制作精巧的 skillfully adv. 巧妙地， 技术好地 重点 单词 1. interrupt vt.&vi. 阻断，中断；打岔；插嘴 2. applaud vt. 鼓掌，称赞，赞成 3. accelerate vt. 加速，促进 4. arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意) n.[c]逮捕 部 分 重点 词组 1. regardless of 不管；不顾 2. fed up with 受够了，厌烦 3. look ahead 向前看；为将来谋划 4. date back to... 追溯到……，从……时候就有了 重点句型 1. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 2. Our evidence suggests they did indeed wear clothes made form animal skins. 重点语法 复习现在进行时（见语法部分） 语言要点（模块） Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. used to / would 【解释】 would 与 used to 都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。 would 只能表示反复发生的动作。如果表示过去经常性的状态，就不能用 would，只能用 used to。 used to 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，但现在已经结束。would 则表示有可能再 发生。 【练习】用 used to 或 would 填空。 1). When we were boys we ________ go swimming every summer. 2). He ________ be very poor. 3). People ________ believe that the earth was flat. 4). He ________ go to the park as soon as he was free. 2. interrupt / disturb / bother 【解释】 interrupt 意为“打断，中断”，尤指中断某活动的连续性。 disturb 意为“因焦虑、失望、困惑等情感因素而使人心绪收到明显干扰”。 bother 意为“扰乱某人心绪而使人不能专心或专一”。 【练习】选择 interrupt，disturb，bother 的正确形式填空。 1). She was _______ to hear of your illness. 2). I’ m sorry to _______ the meeting, but there is an urgent long-distance call for Mr. Zhou. 3). Don’ t _______ yourself too much about me. 4). We _________ in the middle of our conversation. 3. assume / suppose / presume 【解释】 assume“假定，设想”，用于逻辑推理，强调一种缺乏证据的结论，以检验某种建议。 suppose 意为“根据一定证据作出的见解”，最不正式。 presume 意为“某人以过去的经验作为依据，对某事作出合乎逻辑的推测”。 【练习】选择 assume，suppose，presume 的正确形式填空。 1). I _______ that he has gone for a walk. 2). We _______ the situation will improve. 3). From the available data it may be _______ that the writer was very famous in the 4th century. Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1. alternative n.[c]替换物 adj.选择性的，二中择一的 alternatively adv. 作为选择， 二者择一 2. accuracy n.[u]精确性，正确 度 accurate adj. 正确的，精确 的 inaccurate adj.不准确的 accurately adv.正确地，精确 地 inaccurately adv. 不准确地 3. assume vt.假定；设想； 采用；承担 assumption n. 假定，设想， 假装，就职 assumed adj. 假定的，假装的， 装的 4. analysis n.[c]分析，分解 analyse(analyze) vt.分析，分 解 analytical adj.分析的，解析的 5. significance n. 意义，含义； 重要性，重大 significant adj. 相当数量的； 意义重大的 significantly adv. 意义深远地， 重大地 6. division n.分(开，配，担； 歧，裂)；除(法)；部门 divide vt.分(开)；vi.分开 7. skill n.[c,u]技能，技巧，熟 练，巧妙 skillful adj. 灵巧的，熟练的， 制作精巧的 skillfully adv. 巧妙地，技术 好地 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式或介词填空。 1). The way was blocked, so we went by an ________ (alternatively) road. 2). The design is slightly ________ (accurate), so we must make some changes. 3). The boss is worried about the ________ (accurate) of the statistics. 4). It’ s impossible to predict the weather _________ (accurate). 5). A lot of people make the ________ (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World. 6). The ________ (analyse) of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police the address. 7). Students need to possess certain basic ________ (skillful) by the time they finish schoo1. 8). He was valued for his skill ________ (介词) raising money for the company. 9). The discovery of the new drug is of great _________ (significant) to people suffering from heart problems. 10). Sometimes there is no simple _________ (divide) between good and evil. Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料） 1. interrupt vt.&vi. 阻断，中断；打岔；插嘴 interruption n. 中断，打断 [典例] 1). Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。 2). It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。 [重点用法] interrupt (sb/sth) (with sth) 打断（某人）讲话；打岔；打扰 [练习] 用 interrupt 的正确形式填空。 1). Electricity _________ (interrupt) in the course of work. 2). Let’ s go somewhere where we can talk without _________ (interrupt). 2. applaud vt. 鼓掌，称赞，赞成 applause n. 鼓掌欢迎，欢呼 [典例] 1). Everyone applauded when the play ended. 演出结束时，大家都热烈鼓掌。 2). I applaud your decision. 我赞成你的决定。 [重点用法] applaud sb. for sth 因某事而赞扬某人 applaud the decision 赞成某个决定 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). She should be applauded ________ her honesty. 2). A crowd of 300 supporters warmly ________ her speech. 3). The candidate’ s promise to improve public schools was greeted with a loud round of ________. 4). I ________ the decision to install more security cameras. 3. accelerate vt.&vi. 加速，促进 acceleration n. 加速度 [典例] 1). We must take measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth. 我们必须采取措施，加速 经济增长。 2). The car accelerated as it overtook me. 那辆汽车一加速就超越了我。 [练习] 用 accelerate 或其同根词的适当形式填空。 1). The driver stepped on the gas and ________ the car. 2). The ________ of train service will bring us great convenience. 3). The bad weather _________ our departure. 4. arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意) n.[c]逮捕 [典例] 1). The criminal was arrested yesterday. 罪犯昨天被捕了。 2). What she did arrested my attention. 她所做的吸引了我的注意力。 [重点用法] be arrested for sth. 因某事而被捕 arrest one’ s attention 吸引某人的注意 under arrest 被捕；被拘留 [练习] 根据句子的意思填入适当的介词或用 arrest 的正确形式填空。 1). I got arrested ________ careless driving. 2). Her Uncle was ________ arrest, but nobody knew the reason. 3). Five youths ________ in connection with the attack. 4). The public applauded the ________ of the criminal suspect. Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料） 1. regardless of 不管；不顾 [典例] 1). I’ ll take the job regardless of the pay. 不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。 2). He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’ s feelings. 他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别 人的情绪。 [练习] 翻译下面的句子。 1). 他不顾危险，跳进河里救那个溺水的小孩。 ____________________________________________________________________________ _______ 2). 不管天气怎样，我都会去。 ____________________________________________________________________________ _______ 2. fed up with 受够了，厌烦 [典例] 1). I’ m fed up with waiting for her to telephone. 我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了。 2). What’ s the matter? You look pretty fed up. 怎麽啦？你显得那麽不高兴。 [短语归纳] feed 短语： feed sb/sth on sth 给（人或动物）食物；喂；饲养 feed on（动物）以……为主食 feed sth to sb/sth 给（人或动物）某物作为食物 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。 1). Several children were feeding bread ________ the ducks. 2). What do you feed your dog ________? 3). Cows feed ________ grass. 4). I’ m fed up ________ the same breakfast every morning. 3. look ahead 向前看；为将来谋划 [典例] Have you looked ahead to what you’ ll be doing in five years’ time? 你是否想过五年後你要做些 什麽? [短语归纳] look 短语： look back 向后看； 回顾 look out 留神；注意 look into 调查 look up 查找；形势好转；看望 look up to sb. 尊敬某人 look through 仔细 查阅 look forward to sth./doing sth. 盼望 look on 旁观；看作 look over 快速浏 览，复习 look down (on/upon sth.) 向下看； 轻视 [练习] 用 look 短语翻译下面的句子。 1). You should ____________________________________.(翻阅字典查查这个生词). 2). I am looking forward to ________________________ as soon as possible. (收到你的回信) 3). _______________ (当心) or you will catch cold. 4). I have to _______________________ (把笔记复习一遍) for the exam. 4. date back to... = date from... 追溯到……，从……时候开始就有了 [典例] The church dates back to the 13th century. 这座教堂从十三世纪开始就有了。 [短语归纳] [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入短语或所给词的适当形式。 1). The custom ________ ________ hundreds of years. 2). Our friendship________ ________ ________ the late 70s. 3). This is a law ________ (date) from the 17th century. Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料） 1. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这说 明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。 [解释]“have been excavating”是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继 续延续至将来。 如：We have been working on this project for over a month now. 到目前为止，我们一直在处理 那个项目，已 经花了一个多月时间了。 注意：区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别。一般来说现在完成时表示已经完成，而现 在完成进行时 表示还没完成还要延续下去或者刚刚完成。试比较： They have built a house. (完成) / They have been building a house. (尚未完成) [练习] 在括号里填入所给词的适当形式。 1). We ________ ________ (work) for two hours by the time she came. 2). Last year he ________ (write) a novel. I don’ t know whether he ________ (finish) now. 3). Since 1977, CCTV ________ (broadcast) English programmes. 2. Our evidence suggests they did indeed wear clothes made form animal skins. 我们的证据表明 他们确实穿了用动物皮做成的衣服。 [解释] suggest 最常用有两个意思： (1)：提议；提出；建议，后接动词要用动词的 ing 形式，后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气 (“should+动词原形”，should 常省略)。如： 1). It’ s noisy here. I suggest changing another hotel. 这里太吵了，我建议换个宾馆。 2). I suggest (that) you (should) ask Mr. Wu. 我建议你问问吴先生。 3). I suggest that the boy be sent to the hospital at once. 我建议立即把小孩送医院。 后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气的词可记为： 一个坚持：insist / 二个命令：command, order / 四个建议：advise, suggest, recommend, propose / 四个要求：ask, demand, request, require (2)：表明，显示，暗示；显出，后接宾语从句(不用虚拟语气)。如： His expression suggests that he has got the job.他脸上的表情表明他已经得到了那份工作。 [练习] 在括号里填入所给词的适当形式。 1). I wrote suggesting that he ________ (come) for the weekend. 2). He demands that he ________ (tell) everything. 课文要点（模块） Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等） 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： A group of students came to Zhoukoudian for a ____1____. An archaeologist showed them around. He told them it was here that they found _____2_____ of the earliest people who lived in this ______3______ of the world, and it was reasonable to ____4_____ they had lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. We had discovered ____5____ in the center of the bones of tigers and bears. It seemed that they might have used _____6______ stone tools to cut ____7_____ the animal and _____8_____ their skin to sew the pieces together. Maybe there was _____9_______ between early people. They didn’t ____10______ their own crops, but picked fruit and killed animals. Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力） 阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。 从会话中，我们可以获取一些关于周口店洞穴信息，和考古学家利用审问技术从他们找 到的物品中获得关于早期人类生活的信息 From the conversation, we can get _____________________________________________________ ___________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：From the conversation, we can get some information about the Zhoukoudian caves and the kind of questioning techniques that archaeologists use to get information about the life of early people from the objects they find. Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力） 1.【原句】You must be aware that it’s here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 你们想必都很清楚，正是这个地方，我们找到了居住在世 界上这个部分最早人类的证据。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：be aware that + it is …that…强调句 【模仿 1】我们必须意识到是政府应该采取措施来关闭那些给我们的生存环境带来污染的工 厂。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】我们应该意识到，没有任何东西比健康更重要，健康是成功的基础。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．【原句】Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit. 拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果、 甜瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步回家了。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：分词状语， + 主句 + with + … 【模仿 1】怀特先生对中国历史感兴趣，所以在当地导游的引领下访问所有博物馆。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】舞狮，象征着兴旺与吉祥，富有浓厚的民族特点和独特的传统艺术，是中华民族 文化中的一颗璀璨的明珠。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 【原句】Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. 拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：主句 + V-ing 分词作状语+宾语从句 + 分词作定语 【模仿 1】我可以说考试对学生是一件好事，可以测试我们对老师所教的知识掌握的有多好。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】深深得益于网络，每天都期待着有大量的信息和宝贝等着我去掏。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 单元自测 （模块） 基础测试 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. Living conditions in the camp were pretty （原始的）. 2. We must stop him seeing her （以某种方式）. 3. A stream marks the (分界线)between the two farms. 4. After another glass of whisky I began to feel （眩晕）. 5. Pay attention to the （标点符号）of this sentence. 6. After a few years, she became very （有技巧的） at drawing. 7. B is scientific study of plants and their structure. 8. C is a class or group of things in a complete system of grouping. 9. When I walked along the shore, I picked up several s . 10. One metre is equal to 100 c . Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 come to a conclusion/cut up/look ahead/arrest one’s attention have no alternative/become skillful at/lie in wait for 1. Whenever we are in trouble, we must and encourage ourselves. 2. Her laughter and we all stared at her. 3. Let’s the meat and share with each other. 4. Ralph was that Martin was only interested in himself. 5. The new method caught on and many peasants it. 6. Little did I know what troubles were me when I got home. 7. If he wants to get to Chicago by tonight he to go by air. Ⅲ. 翻译句子 1. 我们不顾恶劣的 天气继续我们的旅行。 2. 新年伊始，她开始为将来设想，制定长期的工作计划。 3. 我一直学英语已经近六年了。 4. 她的教练宽慰地为她的成功而鼓掌。 Ⅳ.单项填空 从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. After being for days, the water supply returns to normal today. A. cut off B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up 2. —Hi, Tracy, you look tired. —I am tired. I the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 3. He hurried to the hall, only that the meeting had been put off. A. to tell B. telling C. to be told D. being told 4. If only I to Beijing last summer! A. can fly B. could fly C. flied D. had flown 5. He has a talent for and planning everything well. A. looking ahead B. looking behind C. looking up D. looking for 6. The book is of . A. great significance B. very significance C. great significant D. very importance 7. The noise my attention and I stopped my work to see what happened. A. made B. distracted C. arrested D. paid 8. He was never how much money he earned every day. A. realized B. aware for C. aware D. aware of 9. It won’t be easy, but we’ll get across the river. A. somewhat B. somewhere C. somehow D. sometimes 10. I can meet you at eight o’clock; you can call for me. A. incidentally B. actually C. alternatively D. accordingly 1 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 21—30 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 字数：181 完成时间：13 分钟 难度：*** One summer night, on my way home from work, I decided to see a movie. I knew the theatre would be air-conditioned and I couldn't face my 21 apartment. Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the 22 between the two tall heads in front of me. I had to keep changing the 23 every time she leaned over to talk to him. 24 he leaned over to kiss her. Why do Americans display such 25 in a public place? I thought the movie would be good for my English, but as it turned out, it was an Italian movie. 26 about an hour I decided to give up on the movie and 27 on my popcorn. I've never understood why they give you so much popcorn! It tasted pretty good, 28 After a while I heard 29 more of the romantic-sounding Italians. I just heard the 30 of the popcorn crunching (咀嚼) between my teeth. My thought started to wander I remembered when I was in South Korea. I used to watch Kojak on TV frequently. 21. A. warm B. hot C. heated D. cool 22. A. crack B. blank C. break D. opening 23. A. seat B. view C. space D. angle 24. A. while B. whenever C. or D. and 25. A. attraction B. attention C. affection D. motion 26. A. Within B. After C. For D. Over 27. A. set B. chew C. fix D. taste 28. A. too B. still C. though D. certainly 29. A. much B. any C. no D. few 30. A. voice B. sound C. rhythm D. tone 2 语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 31-40 的相应位置上。 词数：177 完成时间：9 分钟 难度：*** Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to our tour. This morning, we're going to take you to some points of 31 (history) interest in the city. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask. If you look 32 the window on your right, you'll see the Grange, 33 of the oldest buildings in the city, it was built for our first mayor 200 years ago, and still has 34 (much)of the original furniture. Perhaps the most interesting thing is that every Saturday afternoon, you can come and watch them 35 (bake) bread the way it was done 200 years ago. On your left is Macquarie University. This university building is just 125 years old. We'll be stopping in a moment at Bridgeton Castle. This castle 36 (build) by Sir Herny Pellat for his young wife. He bought 37 all of the building materials from England. Notice the beautiful glass windows. 38 (fortunate), Sir Henry's young wife became ill and died 39 the castle was completed. Sir Henry became so unhappy 40 he left the castle and returned to England. No family members ever live there. 3.信息匹配(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 下面是一些应用文及其应用场合的信息，请阅读有关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。 41. Active Duty is similar to working at a full-time civilian job. There are hours when soldiers must be training or performing their jobs and then there are off-hours when soldiers can do what they like. For an Active Duty Soldier, length of service can range from two to six years. 42. The Army Reserve is more like a part-time job that enables soldiers to keep their civilian careers while they continue to train near home and serve their country. Many professionals as well as college students are soldiers in the Army Reserve. Soldiers in the Army Reserve typically spend one weekend a month in training, and attend a two-week Field Training Exercise (FTX) once a year. 43. Enlisted Soldiers put plans into action. Much like employees at a company, Enlisted Soldiers perform specific job functions and have the knowledge that ensures the success of their unit's current mission within the Army. An Enlisted Soldier's rank can range from private to sergeant major of the Army. 44. Warrant Officers are highly specialized experts and trainers in their career fields. Warrant Officers remain single-specialty Officers whose career track is oriented toward progressing within their career field rather than focusing on increased levels of command and staff duty positions like their Commissioned Officer counterparts. 45. Commissioned Officers are the managers, problem-solvers, key influencers and planners who lead Enlisted Soldiers. They have the skills, the training and the character needed to inspire and encourage others. They embrace and embody the Core Army Values and apply them to every decision they make and every action they take. An officer's rank can range from Second Lieutenant to General of the Army. 请从下列说明中选出适合 56～60 各题中军队人员级别的选项。 A. They are experts and trainers who are highly specialized. For example, a helicopter, pilot is one of them. B. They are a group of people who can lead Enlisted Soldiers in all situations. C. Just like employees, they perform specific task functions and put every decision into action. D. Ii you are a member of it, you work full-time as those working full time in a civilian job. E. They keep their civilian careers while they continue to train near home and serve their country. F. They are specialized researchers who work in factories or research institutions. 4.基础写作(共 1 小题，满分 15 分) 当前不少文学作品被改编成电影，有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以"Film or book，which do you prefer?"为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文。 1．看电影：省时、有趣、易懂。 2．看原著：细节更多，语言优美。 3．我的看法及理由。 (写作要求) ’ 1．文章的题目和开头已给出，请用 5 句话写短文。 2．参考词汇：原著 original book。 Film or book, which do you prefer? Some of us think that it is better to see films than to read books in the original.___________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________ 答案: Film or book, which do you prefer? Some of us think that it is better to see films than to read books in the original. The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story of a film. Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow. Some others have just the opposite opinion. They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful. Personally, I agree with the second view, I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a situation of my own, and what's more, I am able to better understand the author's ideas in a book.