高考英语语法动词不定式讲义

高考英语语法动词不定式讲义

语法 动词不定式讲义 动词不定式的定义：‎ 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语 动词不定式的用法：‎ 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。‎ 动词不定式的基本形式：‎ 一般形式 to do ‎ 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后 否定形式 not to do 被动形式 to be done 进行形式 to be doing 进行式表示的动作或状态，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态同时发生 完成形式 to have done 完成式表示动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前 一、不定式做主语：‎ ‎1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。‎ e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult work. ‎ ‎ To do such things is foolish.‎ 注: 1 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 ‎2、当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。 ‎ it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：‎ ‎(1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…‎ 注意：在此句型中，adj. 只能用可以修饰 人物的形容词。‎ 例如: kind nice good brave clever wise stupid foolish honest careless cruel generous ‎ eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water It was careless of her to make such a mistake ‎(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…‎ 注意：这里的adj. 不能表示人的性质，只能表示某事或某物的性质。‎ 例如： difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful, useful Eg: It is not difficult for us to learn English well.‎ ‎ It is right for him to work here.‎ ‎(3) it is +a +名词+ to do 例如: pleasure pity duty shame crime 等 Eg : It is a duty to plant trees every day .‎ 注: 在感叹句和疑问句中只能用it作形式主语 Eg : What fun it is to jump into a lake in summer!‎ ‎ How long did it take you to finish the work?‎ 二、不定式做表语：‎ 不定式作表语常表示将来的动作 ‎1.主语是以aim duty hope idea intention mistake plan proposal job suggestion ‎ ‎ wish purpose task 等为中心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容 eg : My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.‎ ‎ Your mistake was not to write that letter.‎ ‎ What I would suggest is to start work at once. ‎ ‎2主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果）‎ ‎ Eg : To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.‎ ‎3 不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain， become , look , sound , taste , smell , feel , 等后作表语．‎ Eg : The plan seems to have been changed . ‎ ‎4 在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “to”，例如：All you have to do is (to )press the button.‎ The only thing I can do is (to) give you as much help as I can.‎ 三 动词不定式作宾语 ‎1、“动词 + 带 to 的不定式结构 常用动词有: like wish hope want try begin start mean plan hate ‎ Agree refuse promise pretend ask choose decide forget hope learn would like intend demand expect fail offer help attempt determine manage remember prepare 等 Eg : We hope to get there before dark. ‎ ‎ The girl decided to do it herself. ‎ ‎2 不定式即可作动词的宾语也可作介词的宾语.‎ 不定式作介词的宾语时,介词之后一般不直接接不定式，一般都是:疑问词+不定式作宾语.‎ 这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句 动词+疑问词+不定式 Eg : I’m worrying about what to do next.‎ ‎ Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.‎ • 这类动词常见的有： tell advise show teach find out decide discuss learn forget inquire know explain remember see understand wonder 等。‎ 疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what where who(m) when how whether ‎ Eg : I don’t know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there.‎ ‎ I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not.‎ ‎ We must find out what to do next / where to put it.‎ 注1 ：如果作宾语的不定式结构后面还有自己的补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置 eg : I find it difficult to understand him.‎ ‎ We thought it wrong not to help her.‎ ‎ They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.‎ 注2 ：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语, 只有在个别场合, 即在含有否定意义的带有介词 except 或 but (=except) 的结构中才能这样用.‎ Eg : He seldom comes except to look at my pictures 注意不定式符号的省略问题！ ‎ do nothing but / except 后的不定式不带to.‎ 需要注意的是,此句型中but/ except 前必须要有实义动词do时，but / except后的不定式to才能省略，否则to则不省.我们用一句话概括就是： 有do无to，有 to无 do．‎ Eg : She has no choice but to wait for the news.‎ ‎ He could do nothing but wait. ‎ ‎ He will do anything for you except lend you money.‎ 注3 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同 remember to do 记住要做某事；‎ remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do 忘记要做某事 ‎ forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事 Eg : I remember seeing you somewhere before. ‎ ‎ Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.‎ 四 不定式结构作宾语补足语 ‎1、只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词 ‎① 表示“希望”“愿望”等心理状态的动词，如：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, encourage, trust 等。‎ Eg : What do you desire me to do?‎ ‎ The director preferred her to act the old lady.‎ ‎②含有“让”“允许”“促使”“致使”等祈使意义的动词，如：let, allow, permit, decide, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, 等。‎ Eg : We mustn’t let this (to) happen again.‎ ‎ His father put him to mind the sheep.‎ ‎③ 带有“请求”“恳求”等感情色彩的动词，如：ask, desire, invite, beg, request, worry 等。‎ Eg : He begged me not to tell his father about it.‎ ‎ She was always worrying her father to take her to Paris.‎ ‎④ 含有“建议”“劝告”等意义的动词，如：advise, persuade, call on, urge 等。‎ Eg : He urged us to accept the compromise.‎ ‎ The dentist advised me to have the bad tooth pulled out.‎ ‎⑤ 含有“命令”“强迫”“禁止”等意义的动词，如：order, command, require, charge, tell, make, oblige, force, drive, forbid, warn 等。‎ Eg : He required us to keep it a secret.‎ ‎ The doctor ordered him to stay in bed for a few days.‎ ‎ I warn you not to do that again ‎⑥ 其他还有：help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, train, depend on 等。‎ Eg : He promised to teach me to swim.‎ ‎ We should train them to make use of reference books.‎ ‎ We are waiting for the train to stop.‎ ‎2、既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：‎ ‎△ see, watch, notice, look at, hear, ‎ ‎ listen to, observe, feel, have;‎ ‎△ imagine, find, discover, like, want,‎ ‎ understand, hate, bring, get, leave, set Eg : Did you see anyone enter the house?‎ ‎ Don’t imagine yourself to be always correct.‎ ‎ We find him to be dishonest.‎ 注 ①：有些动词用不定式与用现在分词作宾语补足语，所表达的意义是有差别的。‎ 不定式表示一次性动作或动作的完成（即全过程）‎ 现在分词表示动作正在进行,即：谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。‎ Eg : Did you see anyone enter the house?‎ ‎ He saw his father talking with his teacher.‎ ‎ I once heard him sing this song.‎ ‎ She heard Mr. White singing in the next room.‎ 注②：使用不定式作宾语补足语时，在有些动词后面，不定式符号to 应当省略 不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to ‎“看”： see, look at, observe, watch, notice ‎“听”：hear, listen to ‎“感觉”：feel 使役动词：have, make, let 但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：‎ They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.‎ The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.‎ 需要注意have, make的用法：‎ have, make用做使役动词 表“让，使，允许”等意，其后的不定式作宾补时，才可省to．‎ 用作一般实义动词, have表示“有”，make表示“制造”，“做”等意义，且后面的不定式作目的状语，定语等时，不定式符号to不能省．‎ Eg : I won’t have him cheat me.　“允许”‎ I have a lot of work to do.　　“有”‎ His story made us laugh.　　 “使”‎ Father made a kite for his son to fly. “做”‎ ‎△feel 在使用 to do 型不定式作宾语补足语时不带 to；‎ ‎ 在使用 to be 型不定式时，要带 to，‎ Eg : He felt them to be right.‎ ‎ Did you feel the earth shake?‎ ‎△ help 一词在使用不定式作宾语补足语时，可以带to，也可以不带 to Eg : Do you often help your mother (to) do the housework?‎ 不定式运用口诀 ‎ 本领最多不定式， 主、表、宾、补、定和状。‎ ‎ 样样成分都能干， 只有谓语它不敢。‎ ‎ 大家千万要当心， 有时它把句型改，‎ ‎ 作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。‎ ‎ 七个感官三使役， 宾补要把to甩开；‎ ‎ 疑问词后接上它， 宾语从句可充当；‎ ‎ 逻辑主语不定式， 不定式前for sb. ;‎ ‎ to前not是否定， 各种用法区别开。‎ 不定式在七个感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, 三个使役动词let, have, make等后作宾补时,to要省略。如 例1： Now, let me go.（go前省掉了to）‎ 例2：I saw her run into the classroom.（run前的to省掉了）‎ 比较She was seen to run into the classroom.‎ 五.作定语:(常常表示将来的动作)‎ ‎（不定式作定语须放在被修饰的名词 或代词的后面）‎ ‎1.不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系 e.g: Have you got anything to do this evening ‎ ‎ I have some fiends to invite.‎ 当名词被 the first , the last, the only 等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式 作定语，而不管动作是否已完成．‎ Eg : He is the only person to know the truth. ‎ ‎ She is always the first to come and the last to leave.‎ ‎2.不定式用于说明被修饰的名词或代词的内容，相当于同位语，可转换成同位语从句。‎ e.g: I have no chance to go abroad. = I have no chance that I will go abroad.‎ ‎3作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着两种逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语 或逻辑宾语．‎ Eg : Alice is always the first student to come to school.‎ ‎ The teacher gave me some English books to read. ‎ The meeting to take place here tomorrow is going to discuss the problem of pollution.‎ Mr. Brown has a large family to　support．　‎ 当被修饰的名词或代词是不定式逻辑上的宾语，而该不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词后加上一个介词以形成逻辑上的动宾关系．‎ Eg : Please pass me some paper to write on.‎ ‎ There’s nothing for us to worry about.‎ ‎ She has a nice pen to write with.‎ ‎ He bought a flat for the family to live in.‎ An office to work in /A child to look after ‎ A river to swim in 六、不定式做状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结果、 条件等。‎ ‎1、表目的 e.g: To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best..‎ He came here to attend an important meeting ‎ 注①：不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语 Eg : He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.‎ ‎ He went home to see his mother.‎ 例外的情况 eg : He opened the door for the children to come in.‎ ‎ They sent a man to mend the window.‎ 注②：为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，特别是在不定式结构前有否定词 not 时，通常可以在不定式符号 to 之前加上 in order 或 so as Eg : He came here in order to see Charlie.‎ ‎ He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.‎ ‎ He went early in order not to miss the train.‎ ‎ I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him.‎ 注③：表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，这也是区别于他功能的标志之一。‎ ‎ 但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上in order，但却不可以加上so as ，‎ Eg : To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.‎ ‎(In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.)‎ ‎ To get the best results, use clean water. ‎ ‎2、表结果 不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型：‎ ‎①    so …as to …‎ ‎ Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?‎ ‎②    such (…) as to …‎ ‎ I’m not such a fool as to believe that.‎ ‎③    enough to …‎ ‎ The boy is old enough to go to school.‎ ‎④    too … to …‎ ‎ His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.‎ ‎ 注意：下列句子中的不表示结果，也无否定含义：‎ ‎ I’m only too glad to go. = I’m very glad to go. ‎ I shall be only too pleased to get home.= I shall be very pleased to get home.‎ ‎ 〖 only too (adv.) 极; 非常; 太;很 〗‎ ‎☆☆不定式结构还能表示一个随后发生的动作，相当于一个并列限定动词词组，这种不定式结构也表示结果 ‎ eg : She woke early to find it was raining.‎ ‎ He got home to learn that his father was ill.‎ ‎ 这种表示结果的不定式结构具有下列几个特点：‎ ‎1 不定式所表示的动作是随后发生的，相当于一个限定动词词组，如：‎ ‎ He arrived late to find the others had gone home.‎ ‎ He arrived late and found the others had gone home.‎ ‎2 不定式所表示的结果往往含有“令人意想不到”的意味，其中以“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。（有时也可以表示令人愉快、惊喜的结果）‎ Eg : He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.‎ ‎3  不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气 ‎ Eg : He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.‎ ‎ They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.‎ 注：不定式结构表示结果或表示目的，往往形式相似，这时，根据词汇意义认真加以区别，‎ 试比较：‎ He arrived late to find the others had gone home.‎ ‎ ( = He arrived late and found the others had gone home.)‎ ‎ He arrived late to avoid meeting Robert.‎ ‎( = He arrived late in order to avoid meeting Robert.)‎ ‎ He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.‎ ‎ He went to the station to inquire about the times of trains.‎ ‎( = He went to the station in order to inquire about the times of trains.)‎ ‎3. 表示原因：（不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作）‎ ‎ eg :I wondered to hear her voice in the next room .‎ ‎= I wondered because I heard her voice in the next room .‎ ‎ She cried to see him in that condition .= She cried because she saw him in that condition . ‎ 注意 在there be结构中，作定语用的不定式如修饰主语时，即使表示被动的意义，也可用主动式来表示．‎ There is a lot of work to do/to be done.‎ Hurry up! There’s no time to lose/to be lost.‎ There are three letters to answer/to be answered this morning.‎ 不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前．‎ I’m glad to have seen your father.‎ She seemed to have heard of it already.‎ So you are the one to have cleaned all these rooms.‎ 主动形式表被动意义的不定式 E.g.: The question is very difficult to answer.‎ ‎ The problem is difficult to deal with.‎ 主语＋be +adj. +to do ‎ 能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult ,easy, comfortable ,fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲劳的) ,interesting, nice , heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.‎ 主语+be +adj. + enough +to do E.g.: The box is light enough to carry.‎ The river water is warm enough to swim in.‎ 主语+be +too +adj. +to do E.g.: The books seemed too heavy to carry.‎ ‎ The ice is too thin to skate on.‎ 七、分裂不定式 ‎　在不定式符号to和动词原形之间可插入一个副词，构成分裂不定式，所插入的副词习惯上常与不定式的动词原形连用，故分裂不定式要合乎习惯，不可滥用，如：‎ ‎　He liked to half close his eyes ‎ It is too heavy for me to even lift. 它很重，我都掀不动它。‎ ‎ I remember to have plainly refused his offer.‎ 八、不定式的独立结构 ‎ 不定式具有它自己的独立主语时，二者即构成不定式独立结构，常用作状语，表伴随情况，如：‎ ‎ I to bear this is some burden.‎ ‎ 我担负此物颇不轻松（ I to bear this 是不定式独立结构）‎ ‎ We divide the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.‎ Exercises ‎1. Tom _____ when they spoke ill of him.‎ A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by ‎ C. happened passing by D. happened to passed ‎2. We all hope ______ scientists.‎ A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became ‎3. We all want _____ the sports meet.‎ A. taking part in B. joining C. to take part in D. to attending ‎4. They expect _____ their mother.‎ ‎ A. to be seen B. to be seeing C. to see D. see ‎5. I happened _____ the article when he asked me about it.‎ ‎ A. having read B. to have read C. to be read D. reading ‎6. I didn’t _____ it until you had explained how.‎ ‎ A. manage to do B. managed to do ‎ ‎ C. manage to have done D. manage doing ‎7. Yesterday I did nothing but ____ TV.‎ ‎ A. watch B. watched C. to watch D. watching ‎ He waited for nothing but _____ the manager.‎ ‎ A. to see B. seeing C. see D. saw ‎8. There is nothing to do but _____ down to have a rest.‎ ‎ A. lie B. lying C. to lie D. lay ‎9. They are planning ______ London next year.‎ ‎ A. visiting B . to visit C. visited D. visit ‎10. Talking about the future career, I’d prefer ____ a teacher ____ be a secretary.‎ ‎ A. being, to B. to be, to C. to be, rather than D. being, more than ‎11. — Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave.‎ ‎ — OK, I’ll remember _____ when I leave ‎ A. to turn off it B. to turn it off C. turning off it D. turning it off ‎12. He found it important _____ the situation all over the world. ‎ A. study B. to study C. studies D. to be studied ‎13. It had no effect except _____ him angry.‎ ‎ A. make B. making C. to make D. made ‎14. Bob did nothing except _____ tennis.‎ ‎ A. play B. to play C. playing D. played ‎15. I’m considering _____ his letter.‎ ‎ A. to answer B. how answering C. to be answering D. how to answer ‎16. We have no idea about _____ next.‎ ‎ A. how doing B. what doing C. what to do D. to do ‎17. The government calls on us ______ our produce.‎ ‎ A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. to increase ‎18. The young man persuaded his father _____ smoking ‎ A. to give up B. giving up C. being given up D. give up ‎19. We can depend on the workers _____ out the plan.‎ ‎ A. carrying B. carry C. to carry D. carried ‎20. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.‎ ‎ A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going ‎21. With his teacher _____ he wanted to try it a second time.‎ ‎ A. helping B. to help C. help D. helped ‎22. The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.(NMET94 25)‎ A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play ‎23. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_____. (NMET95 35) ‎ ‎ A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to ‎24. She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake. (97 上海12)‎ ‎ A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned ‎25. Believe it or not, he was seen ______upstairs just now.‎ ‎ A. to go B. to going C. having gone D. go ‎26．Mrs. Smith warned her husband _____after drinking again and again.‎ ‎ A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never rive ‎27. Little Jim should love _____to the theatre this evening.‎ A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking ‎28. Sandy could do nothing but ___ to his teacher that he was wrong .‎ A .admit B .admitted C .admitting D .to admit ‎ ‎29.With a lot of difficult problems ____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time .(2002 春季上海)‎ A .settled B .settling C .to settle D .being settled ‎ ‎30. Paul doesn’t have to be made ___ . He always works hard .‎ A .learn B .to learn C .learned D .learning ‎31 . This book is said ____ into many foreign languages .‎ A .to have been translated B .to have translated C .to be translated D .having been translated ‎32The classroom needs _____．‎ ‎　A．clean B．cleaned C．to clean　 D．cleaning ‎ ‎33.The patient doesn’t like _____ now．‎ ‎ A．ate　B．eat C．eating　 D．to eat ‎ ‎34.Last summer I took a course on____.‎ A how to make dresses B how dresses be made C how to be made dresses D how dresses to be made ‎35.John was made ____the truck for a week as a punishment.‎ A to wash B washing C wash D to be washing ‎36.The patient was warned ___oily food after the operation.‎ A to eat not B eating not C not to eat D not eating ‎37. _____ with him is a great pleasure.‎ ‎ A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking ‎38. It is nice _____ your voice.‎ ‎ A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. to be hearing ‎39. ______ is to struggle.‎ ‎ A. Living B. Live C. To live D. To be lived ‎40. Her wish is ______ a doctor.‎ ‎ A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come ‎41 Is______ necessary to change trains at Beijing?‎ A. this B. that C. it D. he ‎42. Do let your mother know all the truth . She appears _____ everything .‎ A .to tell B .to be told C .to be telling D .to have been told ‎ ‎43. _____ is easier than to do .‎ A . Saying B . Said C . To Say D . To having said ‎44.It was foolish 　　　　　　　　　his car unlocked. 　A. for him to leave　　B. of him to leave　C. for him leave　D. him to leave ‎ ‎45. He seems _____ the old lady.‎ ‎ A. knowing B. to be known C. to know D. to be knowing ‎46. Mr. Crossett seemed ____ the visitor somewhere before.‎ ‎ A. meeting B. to have met C. to be meeting D. to meet ‎47. He seems ____ here for three years.‎ A. to be living B. to have lived C. to have been lived D. to live ‎48. The last man ____ the sinking ship was the captain.‎ ‎ A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. to have left ‎49. There is a restaurant ______.‎ ‎ A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. to eat at ‎50.At last they found a house _____.‎ ‎ A. to leave his things with B. to leave his things in ‎ C. leaving his things in D. leaving his things ‎51. Last summer I took a course on ______.‎ ‎ A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made ‎ ‎ C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made ‎ ‎52. There is nothing _______.‎ ‎ A. to worry B. to worry about C. worry D. worry about ‎53. We started so early _____ get there before noon.‎ ‎ A. that B. as to C. so as to D. in order to ‎54. Have you got enough room ______ all of us?‎ ‎ A. seating B. to seat B. seated D. to be seated ‎55. It is too dark for us _____ anything in the room.‎ ‎ A. see B. seeing C. to see D. seen ‎56. He bent down _____ the pen lying on the floor.‎ ‎ A. pick up B. to pick up C. picking D. picked ‎57. _______ the room temperature, he added some coal into the stove.‎ ‎ A. To keep up B. So as to keep up C. Keep up D. In order keep up ‎58. He is always the first _____ and last _____.‎ ‎ A. of coming, of leaving B. comes, leaves ‎ ‎ C. to come, to leave D. coming, leaving ‎ ‎59. The teacher did what she could ______ me with my lesson. ‎ ‎ A. help B. helps C. helped D. to help ‎60. The doctor did everything he could _____ the patient.‎ ‎ A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved Key:1---5 BBCCB 6---10 AA(A)ABC 11---15 BBCAD 16—20 CDACA ‎ ‎ 21---25 BAAAA 26---30 AAACB 31—35 ADDAA 36---40 CAACC ‎ 41---45 CDCBC 46---50 BBADB 51—55 ABBBC 56—60 BACDB Exercises ‎1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I don’t know ___.‎ A. to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how to do ‎2. His voice made me _____ terrible.‎ A. To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt ‎3. My parents told me ____ people when they are in trouble.‎ A. never laugh at B. not to laugh at C. don’t laugh at D. not laugh at ‎4. It’s bad manners ____ rude to people.‎ A. to be B. are C. be D. to being ‎5. It’s interesting _____ us to take part in the games.‎ A. of B. to C. for D. at ‎6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ___ it more difficult.‎ ‎ A not make B not to make C not making D do not make ‎7.I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ___ in my new job.‎ ‎ A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects ‎8.Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.‎ ‎ A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning ‎9. I would love ___ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone ‎10. _____ with him is a great pleasure.‎ ‎ A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking ‎11. It is nice _____ your voice.‎ ‎ A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. to be hearing ‎12. ______ is to struggle.‎ ‎ A. Living B. Live C. To live D. To be lived ‎13. Her wish is ______ a doctor.‎ ‎ A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come ‎14. I was just about _____ the office when the phone rang.‎ ‎ A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. to leaving ‎15. I didn’t _____ it until you had explained how.‎ ‎ A. manage to do B. managed to do ‎ ‎ C. manage to have done D. manage doing ‎16. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars. （2005 上海卷） ‎ ‎ A. had B. having C. to have D. have ‎17. Daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ____fun . （2005 重庆卷）‎ A. had B. have C. to have D. having ‎18.Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music. (04全国III)‎ A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear ‎ C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard ‎ ‎19.---- Is Bob still performing? ‎ ‎---- I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official. (2005 江苏卷)‎ A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left ‎20. 31. He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left. ‎ ‎ (2005 广东卷)‎ ‎ A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found Key: 1—5 BBBAC 6---10 BBBBA 11---15 ACCCA 16---20CCDAA Exercises你学会了吗?‎ ‎1. The man wanted __________ (have) a rest.‎ ‎2. The little boy likes ___________________ ( answer) questions.‎ ‎3. Mr. Wang taught me ________ (play) basketball.‎ ‎4. Would you like __________ (join) us?‎ ‎5. The teacher asked him ________(be) earlier next time.‎ ‎6. Please come over to my home ___________ (visit) my parents.‎ ‎7. My watch needs ___________ (repair).‎ ‎8. He was running ___________(catch) the bus.‎ ‎9. Li Ping wanted you __________(call) him.‎ ‎10. Let’s ask him __________(turn) it down.‎ ‎11. I hope __________ (find) a good job.‎ ‎12. He went there ________ ( work) as a teacher.‎ ‎13. She wanted __________ (do) something _______ (keep) herself busy.‎ ‎!4. Mother asked me _______(stay)at home .‎ ‎15 .Let’s ______( have)a rest.‎ ‎16 . I saw him_______ (drop)a book. ‎ ‎17 . He found it very difficult ______(get )to sleep. ‎ ‎18 . She went to the USA ________ . (learn)English.‎ ‎19 . I have much homework _______.(do)‎ ‎20 . I am sorry _______(trouble)you. ‎ ‎21 . He spent 2 hours ______ (mend)_his bike. ‎ ‎22 . Mother taught me _____and ____.(read, write)‎ ‎23 . she is old enough _____(go)to school. ‎ ‎24 . He will tell me before he ______ .(leave)‎ Key: 1 . to have 2. to answer/ answering 3. to play 4. to join 5. to be ‎ 6. to visit 7. repairing 8. to catch 9 to call 10. to turn ‎ 11. to find 12. to work 13. to do , to keep 14 to stay 15 . have ‎ 16 .drop 17 .to get 18 . to learn 19 . to do 20 .to trouble ‎ 21 .mending 22 . to read ,write 23 .to go 24. leaves