分析高考英语全国卷真题

分析高考英语全国卷真题

‎2018年高考英语全国I卷真题解析 试卷导航 语篇 话题 体裁 词数 难度 阅读理解A 活动介绍 ‎ 应用文 ‎264+91=355‎ 易 阅读理解B 烹饪节目介绍 新闻报道 ‎274+141=415‎ 中 阅读理解C 语言的消失 说明文 ‎304+110=414‎ 难 阅读理解D 新旧电子设备能耗 说明性议论文 ‎349+106=455‎ 中 阅读七选五 颜色在房间装饰中的重要作用 说明文 ‎255+ 72 =327‎ 中 完形填空 国际大师通过象棋传授人生技能 记叙文 ‎274‎ 中 语法填空 跑步的好处和注意事项 说明文 ‎196‎ 中 短文改错 寒假去祖父母家感受到的变化 记叙文 ‎113‎ 中 书面表达 告知信 应用文 ‎100(左右)‎ 中 试题解读 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.‎ Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear!‎ Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)‎ Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.‎ Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.‎ Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.‎ Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)‎ Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart ‎ of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.‎ ‎21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?‎ A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.‎ B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.‎ C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.‎ D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.‎ ‎22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?‎ A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.‎ C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.‎ ‎23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?‎ A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights.‎ 语篇解读 关键词 bike tour，Washington, D.C.，explore 主旨概要 本文是一篇应用文，分别介绍了四种骑自行车游览华盛顿的活动。‎ 百科知识 the National Mall：国家广场，是位于美国首都华盛顿特区的一处开放型国家公园。这里是美国国家庆典和仪式的首选地，同时也是美国历史上重大示威游行、民权演说的重要场所。‎ Capitol Hill：国会山，也就是通常说的国会大厦，因其坐落在华盛顿特区海拔25米的全城最高点而得名国会山。‎ 语言知识 重难点词 reserve 预订；view 参观；explore 探索；share 讲述；knowledgeable 知识渊博的；bike v 骑自行车 重难点词块 a guided tour 有导游的观光；bottled water 瓶装水；entertain sb with sth 用某事物使某人快乐；get up close to 靠近；be equipped with 配备；reflective vests 反光背心；book in advance 提前预订 长难句分析 Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear! 句意为：趁樱花正盛，门票未磬，赶紧预订景点！句中availability指“可购得，可买到”的状态。‎ Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. 句意为：无论上午还是下午，无论是初来乍到还是当地居民，如果想要一种健康舒适的方式感受华盛顿，骑车游览都是最佳选择。 ‎ looking to ...作newcomers and locals的后置定语。 ‎ 答案与解析 ‎21. A 事实细节题 根据第一段最后一句，Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear!可知，骑车看樱花是需要提前预定的。‎ ‎22. D 事实细节题 根据第三段第二句，Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知答案。‎ ‎23. D 事实细节题 根据第四段最后一句All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知答案。‎ B Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.‎ In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.‎ ‎“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,” she explains. “I pay £5 for a portion (一份), bur Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”‎ The eight-part series (系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.‎ With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a ‎ budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.‎ ‎24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?‎ A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. ‎ B. She has started a new programme.‎ C. She dislikes working early in the morning. ‎ D. She has had a tight budget for her family.‎ ‎25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?‎ A. He buys cooking materials for her. ‎ B. He prepares food for her kids.‎ C. He assists her in cooking matters. ‎ D. He invites guest families for her.‎ ‎26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?‎ A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. ‎ B. Provide some advice for the readers.‎ C. Add some background information. ‎ D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.‎ ‎27. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart ‎ B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef ‎ D. Cooking Well for Less 语篇解读 关键词 Save Money: Good Food 主旨概要 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了Susanna Reid主持的烹饪节目Save Money: Good Food。这个节目旨在帮助家庭烹饪省钱、美味又营养的食物。‎ 百科知识 ITV (Independent Television): 独立电视台，英国第二大无线电视经营商，于1955年设立。‎ Good Morning Britain 《早安英国》，ITV的王牌节目，主持人是Susanna Reid。‎ 原文出处 选自英国网站EXPRESS，2017年4月8日名为Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid on new cooking on a tight budget的文章。‎ https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/life/789102/Good-Morning-Britain-Susanna-Reid-cooking 语言知识 重难点词 grill vt 追问，盘问 (grill基本义是“烧烤”，当人被反复盘问，就像是放在烧烤架上受煎熬，因此grill衍生为“追问，盘问”)‎ takeaway n 外卖食品；外卖餐馆 (takeaway是由take + away构成的合成名词)‎ value n 划算程度；range 一系列； special n 特别节目；inspiration 好主意；transform 使改变 重难点词块 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事；cook up a storm 尽情 / 起劲地做饭；on a tight budget 预算紧张；put ... into practice 将……付诸实践；follow in the footsteps of 效仿……；give sb advice on ... 给某人某方面的建议；the ‎ vast range of 各式各样的；household expense 家庭开销；come to the aid of sb = come to sb’s aid 来帮助某人；assist sb in (doing) sth 帮助某人 (做) 某事 长难句分析 In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 句意为：在 Save Money: Good Food节目中，她每周拜访一个家庭，在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，为每个家庭准备每天花费不到5英镑的食谱，同时提供如何减少食物浪费的高招。with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt 是插入语，and连接动词visits和offers，while引导时间状语从句。‎ 答案与解析 ‎24. B 推理判断题 根据第一段 ..., but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 和第二段In Save Money: Good Food, she visits ...可推断，Susanna Reid主持了一个新的烹饪节目Save Money: Good Food。‎ ‎25. C 推理判断题 根据第二段 ... with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt ... 及第三段I pay £5 for a portion, but Matt makes them for 26p a portion ... 可推知厨师Matt帮助Susanna做一些烹饪方面的工作。‎ ‎26. C 写作目的题 根据第四段可知Save Money: Good Food这个节目仿效了ITV出品的节目Save Money: Good Health。由此可知，这里作者是想介绍Save Money: Good Food这个节目的背景信息。‎ ‎27. D 主旨大意题 本文主要介绍了Susanna Reid主持的电视节目Save ‎ Money: Good Food。由第一段 ... showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget，第二段 ... offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day和最后一段The team transforms ... with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 可知Save Money: Good Food这个节目旨在帮助家庭用更少的钱做出美味可口的饭菜。‎ C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.‎ Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.‎ At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones ‎ have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.‎ Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.‎ ‎28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?‎ A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.‎ C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.‎ ‎29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?‎ A. Complex. B. Advanced.‎ C. Powerful. D. Modern.‎ ‎30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?‎ A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400.‎ C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.‎ ‎31. What is the main idea of the text?‎ A. New languages will be created.‎ B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.‎ C. Human development results in fewer languages.‎ D. Geography determines language evolution.‎ 语篇解读 关键词 languages, disappear 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展，很多语言逐渐消失。‎ 百科知识 ‎1. 语言多样性是文化多样性的重要组成部分。全世界大约有6800 种语言，但超过400多种语言处于濒危境地，只有为数不多的老人会说这些语言。而每两周就会有一种语言消失，随之湮灭的还有宝贵的文化财富。‎ ‎2. the median number中位数，又称中点数、中值。中位数是按顺序排列的一组数据中居于中间位置的数，即在这组数据中，有一半的数据比它大，有一半的数据比它小。‎ 原文出处 选自美国经济学人The Economist，2004年12月29日名为Bable runs backwards (The world’s languages are disappearing at the rate of one a fortnight. What to do?)的文章。 语言知识 重难点词 populate (某地区) 居住着；hunter-gatherer 游猎采集部族成员； settled 稳定的，固定的；nation-state 单一民族的独立国家；increasingly 不断增加地；distribution 分布；uneven 不均衡的；relatively 相对地；pick 举例 重难点词块 come and go 来来去去；pattern of speech 语言模式；independent of 不受……的影响；soon afterwards ‎ 不久以后；settle down (在某地) 定居下来；compulsory education 义务教育；take over 占上风；mild zones 气候温和地带；hot, wet zones 气候湿热地带；accounts for (数量上、比例上) 占；well over 远远超出；be close to 几乎 (处于某种状态)； at random 随机；have much chance of ……的可能性很大 长难句分析 ‎… and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. 句意为：亚洲和环太平洋地区大概有3200种语言，其中仅巴布亚新几内亚一个国家的语言就远超800种。of which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词3,200。句中的well为副词，意为“相当；远远地”。‎ The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 句意为：所有语言使用者的中位人数仅为6000人，这就意味着世界上有一半的语言，它们的使用人数小于6000人。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子。‎ 写作句型 ‎... none of these seems to have much chance of survival.‎ 答案与解析 ‎28. B 事实细节题 根据第一段第二句和第三句，When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers ... they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，在游猎采集时代，虽然人口很少，但语言种类很多。‎ ‎29. C 词义猜测题 根据第二段最后一句中的increasingly taking over，意为“越来越占据统治地位”，可知dominant意为“占优势的；占支配地位的”。‎ ‎30. B 事实细节题 根据第三段最后一句，The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.以及第四段第一句中的the total of 6,800 languages可知答案。‎ ‎31. C 主旨大意题 通读全文，可知文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展，语言的种类越来越少。‎ D ‎ We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.‎ ‎ To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.‎ ‎ As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.‎ ‎ So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.‎ ‎32. What does the author think of new devices?‎ A. They are environment-friendly. ‎ B. They are no better than the old.‎ C. They cost more to use at home. ‎ D. They go out of style quickly.‎ ‎33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?‎ A. To reduce the cost of minerals.‎ B. To test the life cycle of a product.‎ C. To update consumers on new technology.‎ D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.‎ ‎34. Which of the following uses the least energy?‎ A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.‎ C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.‎ ‎35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?‎ A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.‎ C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.‎ 语篇解读 关键词 throw out old electronic devices ‎ 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明性议论文，作者介绍了新旧电子设备的能耗调查，借此论证新电子设备比过时的旧设备更节能、更环保，呼吁人们为了节能环保不要再使用已经过时的旧电子设备，而使用集多种功能为一体的新电子设备。‎ 百科知识 desktop computers：台式电脑 basic mobile phones:‎ 相对于智能手机 (smart phones) 而言，主要功能为通话和收发短信。‎ box-set TVs：箱式电视机 LCD TVs: ‎ LCD是 Liquid Crystal Display的简称，LCD TVs全称是液晶显示屏电视。‎ tablets:‎ 平板电脑 (Tablet Personal Computer) 的简称，是一种小型、方便携带的个人电脑，以触摸屏作为基本的输入设备。‎ e-readers: 电子书阅读器 TVs with cathode ray tubes: ‎ CRT电视机，CRT是cathode ray tubes (阴极射线管) 的简称。‎ 原文出处 选自美国网站Sciencemag, 2015年2月6日名为Why you should throw out your old TV的文章。 ‎ http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/02/why-you-should-throw-out-your-old-tv 语言知识 重难点词 outdated 过时的；consume 消耗；track vt 跟踪 (track名词的基本义是“足迹”，名词用作动词基本义是“沿着足迹”，即跟踪)；mine 开采；readout 数字读出；evolve 进化，演变；group vt把……分类；把……分组 (group名词的基本义是“组”，名词用作动词意为“分组”)；define界定；accumulate 收集；on-demand 应顾客要求即可提供的；cut 减少 重难点词块 get rid of 丢弃；at the first sight of 一看见……(就)； go out of style 过时；figure out 弄清楚 / 弄明白；sth arrived ‎ on the scene in … 某事物于……出现；show up 出现；throw out 扔掉；sth gets planted in … 某物被放置在…… (plant vt稳固地放置)；contribution to 对……的促成作用；up to 直到；replace … with 用……代替……；no better than 同…… (几乎) 一样；conduct the research 开展研究；the life cycle of a product 产品使用周期；take … apart 把……拆开 长难句分析 We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new. 句意为：我们或许会认为自己有这样的习惯：一看见新科技产品就会扔掉我们在用的旧产品。‎ According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. 句意为：Babbitt的团队分析显示，旧台式电脑显视器和CRT电视机是最糟糕的电器，(因为) 在1992年到2007年期间，它们的能耗和温室效应气体排放量比现在的一倍还多。‎ ‎…, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for ‎ word processing and TV viewing. 句意为：……，不过研究者还探讨了如果消费者把旧的产品替换为多功能的新电子设备会发生什么情况，例如可用来处理文字和看电视的平板电脑。‎ They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 句意为：他们发现，多在平板电脑上点播观看娱乐节目比用电视和台式电脑观看能减少44%的能源消耗。‎ 答案与解析 ‎32. A 推理判断题 根据第一段最后一句That’s bad news for the environment … as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. 可知，做同样的事，过时的电子设备比新设备耗能更多。由此可推断，作者认为新设备更节能、更环保。‎ ‎33. D 事实细节题 根据第二段第一句 To figure out how much power these devices are using, … 可知，Babbitt的团队开展研究是为了查明新旧电子设备的耗能量。‎ ‎34. B 推理判断题 根据最后一段They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 可知，使用平板电脑观看娱乐节目比用电视或台式电脑能减少44%的能源消耗。由此可推断，四种电子设备中，平板电脑的耗能量是最少的。‎ ‎35. A 推理判断题 ‎ 作者开篇提出观点：新电子设备比过时的旧设备更节能、更环保。之后又用Babbitt团队的研究证明自己的观点，文章的最后作者又再次强调具备多功能的新电子设备的确是更节能。由此可推断，作者建议人们不要再用过时的旧电子设备了。‎ 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.‎ Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.‎ ‎ 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.‎ Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment ‎ than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.‎ The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .‎ A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for ‎ C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two ‎ ‎ major ways 语篇解读 关键词 color, home design 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在房间装饰设计中颜色的重要性，并详细说明了小、中、大三种规格的装饰颜色的不同作用。‎ 原文出处 文章选自 HOMEDOO家装设计网，分别由同一位作者写于2004年11月3日和 2014年11月11日。‎ http://www.interiordesignblogs.net/colors-that-you-can-add-to-your-home/‎ http://www.interiordesignblogs.net/color-options-that-will-add-wow-factor-to-the-home/ 语言知识 重难点词 fundamental 十分重要的；grasp领会；approach接近； manage合理地利用；commitment投入；concern与……有关 重难点词块 throw pillow 小靠垫；full of life充满活力，生气勃勃；visual interest 视觉趣味；to be sure诚然，固然； a step up 向前迈出的一步 ‎ 长难句分析 ‎… color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. 句意为：……颜色是让房间成为你想要的那种感觉的关键。you want it to feel是定语从句，修饰先行词way，省略了关系代词 that。 ‎ A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. 句意为：掌握如何在自己的空间里合理利用颜色是营造温馨居住的房间的关键步骤之一。you’ll love to live in是定语从句，修饰先行词room，省略了关系代词that / which。 ‎ 写作句型 Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.‎ It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎36. B 上文提到，Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?‎ ‎ 你想要一间充满活力的房间吗？职业化的？还是在寻找一处忙碌了一整天后放松的地方？可知，接下来将是对上文的总结，无论你找什么样的房间，颜色是关键。且选项B中的looking for和上文的want和looking for相呼应。‎ ‎37. A 空格上一句提到，多年来，有许多不同的工艺帮助设计师达到这一目标。由此可推断，这些工艺都很有用。选项A中的them指代的是different techniques。 ‎ ‎38. D 上一段结尾提到三种选择: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones。接下来分别一一介绍。且该段中作者提到小物品如小靠垫、镜子、篮子等的颜色可以给房间带来视觉上的乐趣，以及其他好处。由此可知，本段介绍的是small color choices。‎ ‎39. G 该空下一句提到中等物品颜色的选择和小物品作比较的两个方面：一是花费，二是对空间感觉的影响。与选项G中的two major ways相呼应。 ‎ ‎40. F 该空上一句提到，大的方面的颜色选择所投入的时间、精力和相关费用都是相当多的。与选项F中的pay相呼应。因而，墙壁、天花板、地板等颜色的选择是你首先要搞定的。‎ 第三部分　语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn ‎ chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him.‎ Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .‎ Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me: “The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.‎ 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay 43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired 44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor 45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant 46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest ‎ 47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat 41. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job 42. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible 43. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe ‎51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare ‎52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally 53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment 54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation ‎55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised ‎56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill ‎57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments ‎58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control ‎59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate ‎60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior 语篇解读 关键词 course, chess, learned life lessons 主旨概要 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在大学期间上了免费的国际象棋课程，从教练那里学到很多受益终身的技能。‎ 百科知识 Maurice Ashley 莫里斯 · 阿什利 (1966. 3.6 -- )‎ 牙买加裔美国人，国际象棋大师，作家，评论员，应用软件设计师，智力游戏发明家，励志演说家。1999年获得象棋大师称号，成为世界上第一位非洲裔美国象棋大师。他还是著名的象棋赛事评论员，并多年执教象棋。2016年4月13日，阿什利入选美国象棋名人堂。 原文出处 选自美国国家公共电台NPR网站，2016年4月23日名为 Chess For Progress: How A Grandmaster Is Using The Game To Teach Life Skills的文章。‎ https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/04/23/475125081/chess-for-progress-how-a-grandmaster-is-using-the-game-to-teach-life-skills 美国公共广播电台KQED网站，2016年4月25日也登载了这篇文章，标题为How A Chess Grandmaster Uses The Game To Teach Life Skills。‎ https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/44802/how-a-chess-grandmaster-uses-the-game-to-teach-life-skills 语言知识 重难点词 grandmaster 大师；best n 最好的人 (或事物)；business重要事情；criteria标准；absolute十足的；绝对的；move n (下棋的) 一步；一着 重难点词块 jump at sth 迫不及待地接受某物，欣然接受某物；more than that 不仅如此；appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力；could hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事；manage to do sth 设法做成某事；apply sth to sth 把某事物应用于某事物；life lessons 人生教益；well beyond 远远超出；put sth to use 利用某事物；ring true 听起来真实 写作句型 In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned.‎ I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.‎ 答案与解析 41. B 根据上文a “free” course和下文谁不想省下几美元推断，作者迫不及待地接受了上课的念头。jump at意为“迫不及待地接受”，符合语境。‎ 42. C 此处和上文a “free” course呼应，能省钱。‎ 43. A 根据上文可知，作者对免费上课能拿学分这件事很感兴趣，而且他想学象棋。此句是even if引导的让步状语从句，因此选择excited，表示即使对学分不感兴趣，教练也足以吸引他。‎ 44. D 此处是指国际象棋课程的教练。‎ 45. D 此空后是对上文an international grandmaster的进一步解释说明，mean (that) ... 意为“意味着”，符合语境。‎ 46. C 根据上文教练是国际象棋大师可知，作者能师从这个项目最好的选手之一，故选择best，意为“最好的人 (或事物)”，符合语境。‎ 47. B 根据上文，教练是国际象棋大师，作者能从中受益良多，因此作者迫不及待地想见到他，故选择meet。‎ 48. D 根据上文returning to teach可知，教练回到母校任职。‎ 49. C introduction一词提示教练向大家讲清楚学分不好挣。‎ 50. B 根据下文的criteria以及write a paper可知此处是说如何顺利学完课程。‎ 51. C what we would learn in class和our future professions形成对比，把课堂所学应用于未来的职业中。apply sth to sth意为“把某事物应用于某事物”，符合语境。‎ 52. A 把课堂所学应用于职业中，最终再应用于生活中，因此选择eventually。‎ 53. C 此处指作者该“课程”得了A。文章第一段的a “free” course亦有提示。‎ 41. B 根据下文作者把课堂所学用于人生可知，作者学到的已经远远超越了课堂的范围。 ‎ 42. A 下文内容都是教练在课上教给作者的。‎ 43. D 作者学习的是国际象棋，再根据下文对下象棋的描述推断此处是在讲最重要的技巧。‎ 44. B 根据下文下每一步棋你都要分析推断，最为重要的是作明智的决定。‎ 45. A 此处是讲下棋时每一步都要分析局势，考虑对手的下法。‎ 46. D 此处指通过分析局势，研究对手的下法，从而评估最好的走法。‎ ‎60. A as a journalist点明作者的社会角色。‎ 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.‎ While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good ‎ running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.‎ 考点分析 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 名词单复数 比较级 词性转换 代词 冠词 介词 定从 名从 状从 并列 ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ 答案与解析 ‎61. longer 根据空白处之后的than可知，此处用long的比较级。‎ ‎62. to see 根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see作目的状语。‎ ‎63. dying 介词后应用die的动名词形式dying。‎ ‎64. is 本文讲述跑步的好处，用的是现在时态，再根据空白处前面的can’t make和says可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用is。‎ ‎65. than 这里是将跑步和其他运动方式作对比，再由上文的more effective可知，此处用than。‎ ‎66. that / which 此处用that / which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。‎ ‎67. causes 根据句意“每天仅仅跑5-10分钟就能降低所有因素导致的心脏病和早逝的风险”以及all可知，cause用复数形式。‎ ‎68. strengthen 此处表明做运动的目的，再根据后面的宾语your leg ‎ muscles判断此处应用及物动词strengthen。‎ ‎69. energetic 本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语。‎ ‎70. it / running give it / sth a try是固定短语，意为“尝试某事物”。‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错 （共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意： 1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.‎ 参考答案 During my last winter holiday, I went to∧countryside with my father ‎ ‎ the to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went ‎ ‎ found there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another ‎ ‎ other animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house ‎ ‎ there to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond∧which they raised ‎ ‎ chickens in或where fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I ‎ ‎ selling felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my ‎ ‎ happy father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.‎ ‎ and 考点分析 ‎ 短文改错与往年类似，难度适中，考点分布均匀，考查动词时态、名词单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、连词以及行文逻辑等。‎ 考查点 数量 冠词 ‎1‎ 动词时态 ‎1‎ 代词 ‎1‎ 行文逻辑（副词）‎ ‎1‎ 名词 ‎1‎ 定语从句/关系词 ‎1‎ 非谓语动词 ‎1‎ 词性（形容词/副词）‎ ‎1‎ 其他 ‎1‎ 行文逻辑（连词）‎ ‎1‎ 答案和解析：‎ 第一句：countryside前加the countryside意为“农村；乡下”，与the连用。‎ 第二句：find → found 本文讲述的是去年寒假的事情，所以应用find的过去式found。‎ 第三句：another → other 此处表示“有狗、鸭子，还有其他的动物”，所以应该用other。‎ 第四句：here → there；chicken → chickens 与第二句中的there对应，here应改为there；dozens of后面应用chicken的复数形式。‎ 第五句：which → where 或 which前加in 本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是pond，关系副词在定语从句中作状语，相当于in which，故which改为where或在其前加in。‎ 第六句：sell → selling 介词后应用动名词形式，故sell改为selling。‎ 第七句：happily → happy 本句中felt是系动词，意为“觉得”，后面应用形容词作表语，故happily改为happy。‎ 第八句：every two years；but → and every two years“每隔两年”是固定搭配，前面不用介词。“我计划每两年回乡下一次”与“我父亲同意了”是并列关系，不表示转折，故将but改为and。‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括:‎ 1. 到达时间；‎ 2. 合适的礼物；‎ 3. 餐桌礼仪。‎ 注意:‎ 1. 词数100左右；‎ 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 试题趋势 今年的书面表达要求考生写一封电子邮件，仍然属于书信应用文，主人公还是千年不变的李华！试题要求告知新西兰朋友Terry在中国家庭做客的基本习俗 (属社交礼仪、饮食范畴)，非常贴近学生生活，且自然地融入中国传统文化。与2017年书面表达所考查的内容如出一辙，去年也是有关中国文化 (汉语、唐诗、唐朝历史)，贯彻了2018年英语高考大纲提出的：在英语学习上重视和突出中华传统价值观，运用中国元素讲好中国故事，重视语言应用。引导学生传承和发扬中华民族优秀传统文化，回归了英语作为语言功能的本质。正如我们去年对2018年试题趋势的分析和预测一样，掌握一些传统文化方面的英语知识势在必行。在备考时，要集中看一些与日常生活和传统文化相关的话题，如学校生活、兴趣爱好、社交礼仪、饮食、体育运动、语言学习、节假日及活动等，按照话题网络化复习 (可参考《新方略》系统进行复习)，效果会更佳。‎ 内容分析 文体 书信体，一种常见的告知信，与去年类同。‎ 人物关系 朋友 问候语及开头语 How are you? / How’s everything going? / How are you doing these days? I’m writing to you about ... / I’m writing to tell you something about ...‎ 写信目的 告知在中国做客的相关习俗 结束语 如：Looking forward to your early reply. / Hope to hear from you soon. / Looking forward to seeing you! / Best wishes! ‎ 个人发挥 适当增加相关细节 语言分析 话题词汇激活 社交礼仪: manner, custom, culture shock, gesture, impress, respect, turn up, drink to, on time, make an appointment with, casual, private 饮食：chopstick, juice, spoon, knife, fork, cuisine。 在平时的学习中要注意话题词汇的积累。‎ 运用高级词块和句式 词块：请某人吃饭 invite sb to dinner，建议某人做某事 advise sb to do sth，做某事讲得通 it makes sense to do sth 句式：since引导的状语从句，do + 动词原形强调句，which引导的非限制性定语从句 参考范文一 Dear Terry, ‎ How are you doing these days? I hear you are invited to dinner at your Chinese friend’s house. As for this I don’t think there is much for you to pay attention to. However, I do have a few suggestions for you. Since some ‎ people are very cautious about time, I strongly advise you to arrive 5 minutes earlier.‎ You may take a gift with you, but it doesn’t have to be something of great value. It makes sense to take some fruit with you. And you’d better practice using chopsticks in advance or let them know ahead of time that you need a fork or spoon.‎ Don’t worry. I believe you can fit into the Chinese family.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 参考范文二 Dear Terry,‎ I learn from your last letter that you are going to pay a visit to your Chinese friend. Here are several relevant details you have to pay attention to.‎ First and foremost, you are supposed to arrive at your friend’s house ten minutes earlier. Additionally, to bring a suitable present is a good choice. You can take some fruit or flowers. Last but not least, you had better eat the food in front of you in that putting your chopsticks in front of others is considered a bad manner. Always keep in mind that you can’t be too talkative when you are eating.‎ I hope these suggestions would be beneficial to you. ‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 值得一提的是，维克多英语押中全国I卷英语书面表达题。‎ 以上书面表达出自维克多英语编写的《高考总复习全效新方略》一书。其中包含社交礼仪和饮食两个话题单元。‎