高考复习句子成分简单句并列句

高考复习句子成分简单句并列句

简单句、并列句和复合句 衡南九中 殷老师编制 学习目标：‎ ‎ 1.熟记简单句的五种基本句型 ‎ 2.会判断简单句的五种基本句型 ‎3.了解英语句子的分类方法 ‎4.会从结构上区别认识简单句、并列句及复合句 简单句的五种基本句型 课前热身 Ⅰ、划分句子成分并判断这些句子的类型 ‎1. She is a very good girl . ( ) ‎ ‎ (__语) (__词) (___语)‎ ‎2. The girl is very good. ( )‎ ‎ (__语) (__词) (___语)‎ ‎3. They ‖ laughed. ( ) ‎ ‎ (__语) (__词) ‎ ‎4. The kites ‖ fly in the sky. ( ) ‎ ‎ (__语) (__词)‎ ‎5. I ‖ bought a new bike. ( ) ‎ ‎ (__语) (__词) (__语)‎ ‎6. He ‖ plays volleyball. ( )‎ ‎ (__语) (__词) (__语)‎ ‎7. She ‖ told me a story. ( ) ‎ ‎ (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)‎ ‎8. He ‖ gave me a good book. ( )‎ ‎ (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)‎ ‎9.He ‖ asked me to help him. ( )‎ ‎(__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)‎ ‎10.He ‖ made me happy. ( )‎ ‎ (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)‎ 学习擂台 英语五种基本句型列式如下：‎ 基本句型一 S.+V. (主＋谓)‎ 基本句型二 S.+V.+P. (主＋系＋表)‎ 基本句型三 S.+V.+O. (主＋谓＋宾)‎ 基本句型四 S.+V.+I.O.+D.O. (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)‎ 基本句型五 S.+V.+O.C. (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)‎ 一、S.+V. (主语＋谓语)‎ 请看下列例句并仿照划分句子成分 ‎1．The sun was shining.‎ ‎2．We all breathe, eat, and drink.‎ ‎3．Who cares?‎ ‎4. What he said does not matter.‎ ‎5．They talked for half an hour.‎ ‎6．The pen writes smoothly.‎ 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。‎ ‎(1)这些动词常见的有：take place，happen，break out，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，come，die，exist，fall，rise，hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等。‎ ‎(2)有些动词如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，draw，cook，read等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。‎ 知识点2‎ 二、S.+V.+P. (主语＋系动词＋表语)‎ 请看下列例句并仿照划开句子成分 ‎1．This is an EnglishChinese dictionary.‎ ‎2．The dinner smells good.‎ ‎3．He fell in love.‎ ‎4．Everything looks different.‎ ‎5．He is growing tall and strong.‎ ‎6．The trouble is that they are short of money.‎ ‎7．Our well has gone dry.‎ ‎8．His face turned red.‎ 归纳提示：在该句型中，句子的谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。连系动词分两类：‎ ‎(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，sit，stand，lie，keep，remain，stay等。‎ ‎(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become，get，grow，turn，go，come，prove等。‎ 知识点3‎ 三、S.+V.+O. (主语＋谓语＋宾语)‎ 请看下列例句并仿照划分句子成分 ‎1．Who knows the answer?‎ ‎2．She smiled her thanks.‎ ‎3．He has refused to help them.‎ ‎4．He enjoys reading.‎ ‎5．They ate what was left over.‎ ‎6．He said “Good morning.”‎ ‎7．I want to have a cup of tea.‎ ‎8．He admits that he was mistaken.‎ 这种句型中的动词为及物动词或者相当于及物动词动词短语。谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。另外，动词或动词短语跟非谓语动词作宾语时，有些只跟不定式，而有些只跟动名词。‎ 跟不定式做宾语的动词有：afford，agree，choose，decide，demand，desire，determine，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seek，threaten，wish，arrange，learn，etc.‎ 跟动名词做宾语的动词和短语有：acknowledge(承认)，admit，appreciate(感激)，avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，prevent，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，practice，quit(放弃)，risk，(can't)stand，suggest，advise等；动词短语有：give up，put off，feel like，set about，insist on等。‎ 四、S.+V.+I.O.+D.O.(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)‎ 请看下列例句并仿照划分句子成分 ‎1．She ordered herself a new dress.‎ ‎2．She cooked her husband a delicious meal.‎ ‎3．He bought you a dictionary./He bought a dictionary for you.‎ ‎4．I showed him my pictures./I showed my pictures to him.‎ ‎5．I gave my car a wash.‎ ‎6．I told him that the bus was late.‎ ‎7．He showed me how to run the machine.‎ 此句型谓语动词是能带双宾语的动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者，即直接宾语和间接宾语。‎ 这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。跟双宾语的动词有：award，give，offer，bring，buy，show，bring，leave，lend，pass，pay，promise，send，take，tell，get，book，fetch，find，make，order等。该句型还可转换为其他两种句型：‎ ‎(1)动词＋宾语＋for sb.(buy，provide)。‎ ‎(2)动词＋宾语＋to sb.(give，offer，show，lend)。‎ 知识点5‎ 五、S.+V.+O.+O.C. (主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ 请看下列例句并仿照划分句子成分 ‎1．They appointed him manager.‎ ‎2．They painted the door green.‎ ‎3．This set them thinking.‎ ‎4．They found the house deserted.‎ ‎5．What makes him think so?‎ ‎6．We saw him out.‎ ‎7．He asked me to come back soon.‎ ‎8．I saw them getting on the bus.‎ 在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语。宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，这是与双宾语的不同之处。‎ 一些动词后面常跟复合宾语，这类动词有：let，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等。‎ 归纳总结 ‎ ‎ ‎1.只有 动词后才会带宾语，双宾语是指 和 ，而复合宾语为 ‎ 的结构 ‎2.只有 动词后才会带表语，所以要牢记这些动词，不要只记得be ‎3. 复合宾语与双宾语的不同之处在于： ‎ ‎4.你能结合下列两个例句分析一下哪个是复合宾语结构吗？‎ I gave my car a wash. ‎ ‎（提示：不能说“我的车子是一个澡”my car is a wash）‎ I saw them getting on the bus.‎ ‎（提示：可以说“他们正上车”They are getting on the bus ）‎ 随堂演练 完成句子并写出句型代码。‎ ‎1．他感到焦虑。‎ He worried.( )‎ ‎2．这孩子看起来像只猴子。‎ The child like a monkey.( )‎ ‎3．你必须保持健康。‎ You must .( )‎ ‎4．这种混合物味道太难尝了。‎ The mixture .( )‎ ‎5．他变得对科学感兴趣。‎ He in science.( )‎ ‎6．现在我的梦想实现了。‎ Now my dream has .( )‎ ‎7．昨晚他显得十分疲倦。‎ He last night.( )‎ ‎8．这项工程持续了4年。‎ The project .( )‎ ‎9．一个农民来到一个妇女家。‎ A farmer a woman's house.( )‎ ‎10．这种事每个晚上都发生。‎ It .( )‎ ‎11．他们正在吃早饭。‎ They .( )‎ ‎12．我希望不久收到到你的来信。‎ I from you soon.( )‎ ‎13．她不喜欢乘飞机旅行。‎ She by air.( )‎ ‎14．他们教我们汉语。‎ They .( )‎ ‎15．记者们把它们交给了编辑。‎ Reporters the editor.( )‎ ‎16．请把信拿给我好吗？‎ Would you please ？( )‎ ‎17．他们打算将入口大厅涂为白色。‎ They are going to the entrance hall .( )‎ ‎18．我不会让你走的。‎ I won't .‎ ‎19．父亲看见他坐在一些鸡蛋上。‎ His father him on some eggs.‎ ‎20．我该把他留在家中吗？‎ Shall I him ？( )‎ 简单句、并列句及复合句 学习擂台 一）句子按照用途来分类 种 类 类 型 例 句 陈述句 肯定句 We love our motherland. ‎ 否定句 They don’t go to work on Sundays. ‎ 疑问句 一般疑问句 Are you a worker? Haven’t you seen the film? ‎ 特殊疑问句 Who is the man? When do you watch TV? ‎ What are they doing now? ‎ 选择疑问句 Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. ‎ Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. ‎ 反意疑问句 They are going to the airport, aren’t they? ‎ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? ‎ 祈使句 肯定句 Be sure to get there at eight. ‎ 否定句 Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. ‎ 感叹句 what + 名词 What great changes we have had these years! ‎ What a fine day it is! ‎ how + 形容词或副词 How brave he is! How hard they are working! ‎ how +句子 How time flies! ‎ How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj. +n How nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! ‎ 二）句子按照句子的结构用途来分类 ‎1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。‎ ‎ He often reads English in the morning.‎ ‎ Tom and Mike are American boys.‎ ‎ She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.‎ 课堂练习 请写出简单句的五种基本句型 ‎① ‎ ‎② ‎ ‎③ ‎ ‎④ ‎ ‎⑤ ‎ 注:其他各种句子都是在简单句的五种基本句型这一种基础扩展、变化或省略而构成。‎ ‎ 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。‎ ‎ You help him and he helps you.‎ The future is bright ; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。‎ ‎◆并列句的分类 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句 ‎1、联合并列句 常用并列词是and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then, or, either…or…, otherwise等连接。‎ Use your head, and you’ll find a way.‎ Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.‎ ‎2、转折并列句 常用的连词有but/yet, however, , while/whereas(而), nevertheless（然而不过），still（可是）等。‎ The film is not perfect , still it’s good这部电影不完美，可是还不错 He wants to be a writer while I want to be a doctor.‎ ‎3、因果并列句 表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。‎ I was late, so we went home.‎ 提示：在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中, 当前后两部分间为承接关系时, 用and;前后意思为相反关系时, 用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句, 但必须将and 或or 去掉.‎ 如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time.‎ 注意：because和so; although, though和but 不能连用 ‎ 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。复合句常由从属连词引导（还有关系代词和关系副词引导）‎ ‎　The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。（同位语从句）‎ A man who doesn't learn from others can't achieve much.‎ 一个不向别人学习的人是不能有多少成就的。（定语从句）‎ The film had begun when we got to the cinema.（状语从句）‎ ‎◆复合句的分类 复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。复合句常由从属连词引导（还有关系代词和关系副词引导）这里不再多说，在以后教材中会有专题学习 补充知识点：‎ 并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。‎ 从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。‎ 大致可分为三大类：‎ ‎1）、that （无词义，不做成分）‎ if，whether （表达是否的意义，但不做句子成分）‎ ‎2）、连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever（有词义，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语）‎ ‎3）、连接副词：when，where，why，how，how 课堂练习 判断下列句子是简单句还是并列句和复合句 ‎1. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.‎ ‎ 2. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.‎ ‎ 3. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.‎ ‎4. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. ‎ 归纳总结 ‎①我们知道简单句是含有一 和 的句子，凡是符合简单句的五种基本句型的都可以判断为简单句 ‎②如果句子可以看做 “简单句+ +简单句”这种整体结构的是并列句 ‎③如果句子可以看是“主句+ +从句”的或者“从属连词+ +主句”的是复合句 所以，区别并列句和简单句一般看 ‎ 请结合下面的句子分析：‎ ‎1．Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.‎ 我在英国上了一年的中学，那是一段我非常开心、非常兴奋的经历。‎ ‎2．We also had different students in some classes，so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.‎ 上某些课的时候，我们班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的长相和名字可是一件难事。‎ ‎3．I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school.‎ 我发现这里的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重。‎ ‎4．I did not realize schools in the UK are so different from schools in China ‎ until I read your article.‎ 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:‎ ‎ 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.‎ ‎ 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.‎ ‎ 3. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.‎ ‎ 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning ‎ and come back home at seven in the evening 课堂练习 ‎1. Train as hard as you can ____ you'll win the swimming competition.‎ ‎ A. then B. but C. and D. or ‎2. （2010·全国卷I·T33） We haven’t discussed yet _________  we are going to place our new furniture.‎ ‎    A. that    B. which C. what    D. where ‎3. （2010·江苏卷·T35）—— I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.‎ ‎ —— That’s _______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.‎ A. where B. how C. when D. what ‎4. （2010·江苏卷·T32）The newly-built cafe, the walls of _______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.‎ A. that B. it C. what D. which ‎ ‎5. （2010·湖南卷·T28） I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------I met in the English speech contest last year.‎ A. who　　B. where　　C. when　　D. which ‎6. （2010·山东卷·T24）That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.‎ A. that B. which C. whose D. what ‎7. （2010·全国卷I·T25） Mary made coffee _________ her guests were finishing their meal.‎ A. so that    B. although C. while     D. as if ‎8. （2010·全国卷I·T30）The little boy won’t go to sleep _________  his mother tells him a story．‎ A. or    B. unless C. but     D. whether ‎9. (2010·全国卷II·T7)Tom was about to close the windows _____his attention was caught by a bird.‎ A. when       B. if          C. and        D. till