高考英语二轮语法专项复习学案动词词义辨析

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高考英语二轮语法专项复习学案动词词义辨析

最新高考英语二轮语法专项复习学案 动词词义辨析 动词是是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中,动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指:1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如:lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意www.ks5u.com义相近的动词之间辨义。如:borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如:advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如:explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如:give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。高.考.资.源.风 ‎(一)易混动词 ‎ 1、lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎):这三个易混动词构成见下表:‎ 中 文 原 形 过 去 式 过去分词 现在分词 说 明 放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词 躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物动词 说谎 lie lied lied lying 不及物动词 ‎ 2、rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。‎ ‎ 3、hear与list高考资源网en to:hear侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listen to是侧重于听的倾向,但hear用于无意中的听见,而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。‎ ‎4、see, watch和look:see用作看电影,剧目;watch则用作看电视比赛,而watch还有在旁观看之意。如:Are you going to play or only watch?;look一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如:The little boy looked me in the face.(小男孩直盯着我的脸。)‎ ‎5、wind和wound:wind意为蜿蜒而行,其过去式与过去分词都是wound,而动词原形wound意为伤害,其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。‎ ‎6、hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。‎ ‎ 7、hear的过去分词born与borne:bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born,borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如:She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲,则一律用borne。‎ ‎ 8、sit与seat:seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如:They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.‎ ‎ 9、borrow, lend与keep:借入英文中用borrow,借出用lend,但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词,不能用于长时间的动作,所以我能借多久应用keep。‎ ‎ 10、win与beat:win作胜、赢讲时其后应接,a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet,但不能接人,如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲,直接接人、队。‎ ‎ 11、steal与rob:steal为偷。rob为抢,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。高.考.资.源.风 ‎ 12、fit与suit:fit与suit均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 ‎ ‎ 13、take, bring 与fetch:英文中拿三个词,即拿来,拿去,去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来,带来是bring,拿去带走是take,而去取回来是fetch。‎ ‎ 14、shut与close:shut与close有时是可以互换的,但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close,而在命令,态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴);又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合,则要用close。‎ ‎ 15、answer与reply:作为回答讲answer是及物动词,如作不及物动词,则意义不同,如answer for,意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词,后跟宾语时,要加上to。‎ ‎ 16、reach,arrive与get to:reach当到达讲是及物动词,而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲,则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。‎ ‎ 17、cost,spend与take:英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take,但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲,主语不能是人,而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如It takes me three hours to finish this work.‎ ‎ 18、lost, gone与missing:作补足语时意为丢失、不见了,可以用lost, gone,但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.‎ ‎ 19、have on, wear, put on及dress:作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态,而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如:I dress my children in the morning every day.‎ ‎ 20、begin与start ‎ begin与Start 均可作开始讲,并无多少区别,同样可接不定式或动名词,但在下面的场合多要用Start:1)机器的开动发动;2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。‎ ‎ 21、allow 与permit ‎ allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词,如接人后再接动词则要用不定式,所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如:People are not allowed to spit.‎ ‎ 22、find与found高.考.资.源.风 ‎ find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found,而found是动词“建立”的原形,其过去式和过去分词是founded,founded,如:The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.‎ ‎ 23、speak, say, talk 与tell ‎ 英文中讲有4个词,speak, say, talk, tell,但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词,但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词,如:Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用作接双宾语,如:Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法,如:在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如:My watch was broken. It couldn’t tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell,如:Can you tell me the difference between the two?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如:The father always speaks well of his son.。‎ ‎ 24、excuse me 与sorry ‎ excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语,而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。‎ ‎ 25、care for 与care to do ‎ care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词,如:Would you care for a cup of tea?但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。‎ ‎ 26、与名词易混的动词有:advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); ‎ ‎ 27、意义相近的动词:ring摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike专指敲钟,打几点,撞击;suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议,advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告;look由视觉得出的印象,seem暗示一定根据的判定,appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discover(发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西,invent(发明)研制出不存在的东西;remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。‎ ‎ 28、动词 + 副词 + 介词:catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with …‎ ‎ 29、动词 + 介词to的词组有:come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to …‎ ‎ 30、与in相结合的动词有:give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …‎ ‎(二)动词短语 ‎ ‎ ‎ 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词,不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点:‎ ‎1、根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律。‎ ‎ (I)动词+副词(不及物)‎ ‎ Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。‎ ‎ (2)动词+副词(及物) w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m ‎ Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。‎ ‎ 注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开。如:She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。如:She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。‎ ‎(3)动词+介词(及物)‎ I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。‎ 注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如:She's got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。‎ ‎ (4)动词+副词+介词 ‎ I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。‎ ‎ 注:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。‎ ‎2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。‎ ‎ (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①hear from收到…的来信,hear of听说。 ②look after照料,look at看,look for寻找。‎ ‎ (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上的差异。如:①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up挂起,举起。‎ ‎ (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:look for寻找, call for去取(某物),去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m ‎ (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上的差异。如:①break out发生,爆炸, carry out进行,开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。‎ 练习、动词词义辨析 ‎1.I can hardly ____ the difference between the two words.‎ A. point B.speak C.say D.tell ‎2.I ____ you will write me back soon.‎ A. wish B.hope C.want D.need ‎3.I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.‎ A. spend B. spare C.save D. share ‎4. Father will not ____ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.‎ A. have B.let C. agree D. allow ‎5.I learned to ____ a bicycle as a small boy.‎ A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run ‎6.I can ____ you to the railway station in my car.‎ A. send B.pick C.ride D.take ‎7.If no one ____ the phone at home, ring me at work.‎ A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives ‎8.1 don't know the restaurant, but it's____ to be quite a good one.‎ A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked ‎9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, you'd better____ them for her.‎ A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch ‎10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ____.‎ A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut ‎11. Careless driving ____ a lot of highway accidents.‎ A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results ‎12. I've____my umbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch it.‎ A. forgot B.left C. remained D.lost ‎13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place will ____ you a lot of good.‎ A. make B.do C.give D.get ‎14. His heart ____ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.‎ A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran ‎15. The cooking chicken ____ very good.‎ A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes ‎16. Most children stay at home until they ____ school age.‎ A. get B.come C. reach D. arrive ‎17. A single mistake here could ____ you your life.‎ A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost ‎18. The boy works hard. I____ him to succeed in the exam.‎ A. like B. expect C. think D.need ‎19. We ____ each other the best of luck in the examination.‎ A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished ‎20. I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like to____a message?‎ A.give B.leave C.carry D.take ‎21. Do you know the girl ____ a red coat?‎ A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on ‎22. The assistant suggested Mary ____ the blue skirt.‎ A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy ‎23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin ____ to America for further study.‎ A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent ‎24. Old Mr Jackson insisted ____ to the Friendship‎ ‎Hospital.‎ A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent ‎25. The father insisted that their son Tom ____ clever enough to study music.‎ A. be B. should be C.was D. would be ‎26.I ____ the television set for 1,500 yuan. w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spent ‎27.I ____ play football than basketball.‎ A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer ‎28. - What are you doing? - I'm looking____ the children. They should be back for lunch now.‎ A.after B.at C.for D.up ‎29. The sports meet will be ____ till next week because of the bad weather.‎ A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down ‎30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can ____ it.‎ A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off ‎31. Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.‎ A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through ‎32. Many foreigners ____ the Great Wall as the World's Seventh Wonder.‎ A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on ‎33.1 can' t hear clearly. Please ____ the radio ____ a little.‎ A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up ‎34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four ____.‎ A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up ‎35. The child is running a high fever. We must____ a doctor at once.‎ A. send in B. send out C. send for D. send up ‎36. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll ____ me at eight and we'll go there togethe;‎ A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up ‎37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to ____. w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them out ‎38. Your composition must be ____ after class.‎ A. handed to B. handed out C. handed in D. handed over ‎39. A new school was ____ in the village last year.‎ A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up ‎40. - When did the plane ____? -At 2 o'clock.‎ A. take off' B. take up C. take away D. take place ‎41. ____! There's danger ahead.‎ A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out ‎42.Let's____ to clean the house. It's too dirty.‎ A.set about B.set out C.set off D.set down ‎43.I used to ____ my teacher when I was in Beijing.‎ A. call in . B. call at C. call for D. call on ‎44. He ____ from his family and settled down in America.‎ A. broke away B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in ‎45. He had to ____ his father's business after his death, though he didn't really want to continue it.‎ A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D. carry on ‎46. The robbers had no trouble in ____ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them. A. breaking out B. breaking into C. breaking up D. breaking away from ‎47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy____ the crops in the fields.‎ A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in ‎48. All the students ____ their holidays to take part in planting trees.‎ A. gave out B. gave in C. gave up D. gave away ‎49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom and ____ the tools.‎ A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after ‎50.____ this article and tell me what you think of it.‎ A. Look up B. Look on C. Look into D. Look through w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m 语法复习九:动词词义辨析 ‎1~5 DBBDA 6~10 CAABA 11~15 CBBAA 16~20 CDBDB 21~25 AADAC ‎ ‎26~30 AACAB 31~35 CDCBC 36~40 ADCBA 41~45 DBDAD 46~50 BDCAD
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