高考英语必考句型48353

高考英语必考句型48353

高考英语必考句型 ‎ 勤学如春起之苗，不见其增，日有所长；辍学如磨刀之石，不见其损，日有所亏。‎ ‎1、as 句型：‎ ‎(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……；正如……”‎ 例：We do farm work as the old peasant teaches us. ‎ As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south. 正如(像) 你们国家一样..‎ ‎(2) as＋形容词／副词原级＋（a ／an）＋名词＋as ; ‎ 否定式：not as/so --- as 例：He is as good a player as his sister．‎ ‎(3) As it is =as things are 照现在的情形看 Leave the house as it is. I’d like to buy it as it is.‎ ‎(4) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……‎ 例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.‎ ‎(5) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……‎ 例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.‎ ‎(6) such --- as--- 象……之类的…… （接名词或定语从句）‎ 例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.‎ 他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。‎ ‎(7) the same ＋名词＋as 和……一样的…… （接名词或定语从句）‎ 例：He is not the same man as he used to be .‎ ‎(8) as 引导非限制性定语从句 例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.‎ ‎(9)引导时间状语从句。 随着。。； 一边。。， 一边。。。‎ 例：We get wiser as we get older. ‎ ‎(10) 引导原因状语从句，与because的用法相近 例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back. ‎ ‎(11) 引导让步状语从句（ 可用though替换）‎ 例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.‎ Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem.‎ Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with his idea.‎ ‎2、prefer 句型：‎ ‎(1) prefer to do sth .I prefer to stay at home. ‎ ‎(2) prefer doing sth. I prefer playing in defence. ‎ ‎(3) prefer sb to do sth. Would you prefer me to stay? ‎ ‎(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……宁愿…...而不愿.…I prefer to stay at home rather than go out ‎ ‎(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth.I prefer watching football to playing it. ‎ ‎(6) prefer sth to sth I prefer tea to coffee. ‎ ‎3、would rather 句型：‎ ‎(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……‎ 例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.‎ ‎(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事 例：I would rather have taken his advice. ‎ ‎(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事 例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.‎ ‎(4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事 例： Who would you rather went with you? 你宁愿谁和你一起 ‎4、when 句型：‎ ‎(1) was/were doing sth ---- when --- ‎ 例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.‎ ‎(2) be about to do sth --- when ---=be on the point of doing sth…..when..‎ 例：We were about to start when it began to rain.‎ ‎(3) had just done ---- when ---‎ 例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.‎ ‎5.刚。。。就。。。句型 ‎(1) had not done sth --- when ---/ hardly --- when ---‎ 例：He had not fallen asleep when the telephone rang.‎ ‎(2)had no sooner done sth.... than ‎ I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead.‎ ‎6.一．。。就。。。句型 as soon as=‎ the moment/ the minute / the instant / the second/ instantly/ immediately/ directly…. ‎ At the sight / thought /sound of….. Jenny will faint at the sight of Blood.‎ ‎ On+ doing/ sth. eg: ‎ ‎7、seem 句型：‎ ‎(1) It +seems + that从句 例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied. ‎ ‎(2) sb seem to do----‎ 例：I seem to have seen him somewhere before.‎ ‎(3) There seems to be ----‎ 例：There seems to be a heavy rain. ‎ ‎(4) It seems as if ----‎ 例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.‎ ‎8.too句型：‎ ‎(1) too．．．to do sth．‎ These pillars are too thin to carry the roof.这些柱子太细,支撑不住屋顶。‎ ‎(2) only too --- to do sth 例：I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家里就非常高兴。‎ ‎(3) too + adj + for sth 例：These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿这双鞋太小了。‎ ‎(4) too + adj + a + n.‎ 例：This is too difficult a text for me. 这篇课文对我来说太难了。‎ ‎(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过 例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.‎ ‎9.before 句型：‎ ‎(1) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间…… ‎ 例：It will be 4 years before he graduates. 他还有四年时间变毕业了。‎ ‎(2) It was +一段时间+ before 过了多久就……‎ 例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country. 还没到两年他们离开了那国家。‎ ‎(3) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……‎ 例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me．‎ (4) 过了多久才……‎ 例：We had walked a long way before we found some water.‎ ‎（5）还有“趁……（还没有）”之意。例如： They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up. ‎ ‎(6) before long是“很快，不久”的意思, 可以用于各种时态。Before long, he went to America. ‎ ‎(7) long before是“很久以前”的意思 Eg: That happened long before. 那件事发生在很久以前。‎ They had known each other long before they got married. ‎ ‎10. since 句型：‎ It is/ has been +时间段+ since…+一般过去时. (到目前为止）干某事有多长时间了 It was + 时间段 + since +过去完成时 （到过去某时间为止）干某事有多长时间了 ‎ Sb/ sth.+ 现在完成时+since+ 过去时。。（ 注意从句的谓语动词是否延续）‎ Eg: It is about ten days since he came back from abroad.‎ It was days since I had left there.‎ 比较一下：‎ He has written to me frequently since I fell ill. 自从我生病以来，他就经常给我写信。‎ He has written to me frequently since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他经常给我写信。‎ ‎11. when 句型：‎ It will be +时间 + when +一般现在时 当某事发生时，时间将会是。。。‎ It was +时间 + when+一般过去时 当某事发生时， 时间是。。‎ Eg: It will be midnight when they get there .‎ It was 1949 when new China was founded.‎ ‎13、强调句型：‎ ‎(1) It is ／was ＋被强调部分＋that（who）．．． ‎ 例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday．是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。‎ ‎(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...‎ 例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗？‎ ‎(3) Where/who/what/how… + is/was it that ...‎ 例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?明天你究竟怎样去看望她？‎ 宾语从句中的强调句 Tell me who it was that you met in the street yesterday afternoon?‎ ‎(4) do +谓语动词（强调谓语）‎ 例：They do know the place well. 他们的确很熟悉那个地方。‎ ‎(5) not until 的强调句型：‎ ‎ It + be not until… that…‎ ‎14、用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型：‎ ‎(1) should like to/ would like to/ would love to have done sth.‎ 例：You should like to have written to your mother.你本应当给你母亲写信。‎ ‎(2) expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish ．．．‎ 常用过去完成时态,在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；‎ 或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式 例：I had wanted to helped you with your homework but I couldn't spare any time.=‎ ‎ I wanted to have helped ….‎ ‎(3) wish that …had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望．‎ 例：I wish he had been here yesterday. 要是他昨天在这儿就好了。‎ ‎(4) 情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，表示 should have done =ought to have done 本应该做而没做 would have done = 本来就会去做某事而没做 could have done = 本可以做某事而没做 might have done 本可以做而没做 例：They ought to have apologized. 他们本该道歉的。‎ ‎15、倍数句型：‎ ‎(1)倍数＋比较级＋than．．．，‎ 例：The room is twice larger than that one．这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。‎ ‎(2)倍数＋as＋原级＋as．．．，‎ 例：The room is three times as large as that one．这个房间是那个房间的三倍。‎ ‎(3)倍数＋the size ／height／length ／weight ／width of．．．‎ 例：The room is three times the size of that one．这个房间是那个房间的3倍大。‎ ‎(4)A + 谓语+倍数+what clause ‎ The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.‎ ‎(5)其它 I'm twice/ double his age. ‎ ‎16.more 句型 ‎(1) The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~ ‎ The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈...愈...）‎ 例：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。 ‎ The more books we read, the more learned we become. ‎ ‎(2) more…. than…与其说…倒不如说 ‎ 例：Smith is more diligent than intelligent. 与其说Smith聪明倒不如说他勤奋。‎ ‎ The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.‎ ‎(3) no more …… than ….. 和…. 一样不…‎ not more ….. than…. …比不上。。。‎ 请比较: This star looks no brighter than that one.  这颗星同那颗星一样暗淡。 This star doesn't look brighter than that one.  这颗星没那颗星亮。‎ no more than / not more than I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱最多不过5元。（言其少）‎ I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于5元。（也许不到5元）‎ ‎17、表猜测的句型：‎ ‎(1) must have done sth 一定做过某事 否定形式：can't have done 例：She must have come here last night. 她一定是昨晚来的。‎ She can't have gone there 她不可能到那儿去。‎ ‎(2) may have done sth 可能做过某事 否定形式：may not have done 例：Philip may have been hurt seriously in the car accident.‎ ‎(3) might have done sth 或许做过某事 否定形式: might not have done 例：She might have known what the bottle contained. ‎ ‎18、动词不定式常用句型：‎ ‎(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.‎ 某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事. ‎ ‎(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth 例：It was careless of Tom to break the cup.‎ ‎(3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……别无选择.=‎ ‎ Sb cannot choose / help but do..‎ ‎ Sb cannot but do…‎ 例句：We had no choice but to take a taxi for we'd missed the last bus.‎ ‎(4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风.‎ 例：lt's not like Jim to be late for class. He regards time as the most important thing in life. ‎ ‎(5) ．．．．形容词／副词＋enough to do sth． ‎ 例：I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa.．‎ ‎(6) too…to do…‎ ‎ 1）too...to结构一般表示否定含义,意为"太...以致于不能" ‎ ‎ eg:He is too old to work.‎ ‎ 2）但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:‎ ‎　 （1）当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时.‎ ‎　　eg: It’s never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。‎ ‎　　 He is too wise not to see that. 他很聪明,不会不懂这一点.‎ ‎ (2）当too后是glad, pleased, happy, delighted, satisfied, ready, willing, kind, apt, good, true, easy, near, careful, well, early, delicious, eager, anxious等形容词或副词时.‎ ‎　　eg: They are too anxious to leave. 他们急于离开.‎ ‎　　 He is too ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人.‎ ‎(7) so…as to do… will you be so kind as to give me a hand?‎ ‎(8) only to do.. He lifted a stone only to drop it on to his own foot.‎ ‎(9) do all he could to do sth / do what he could to do sth / do everything he could to do sth 例：They were doing everything they could to help the fatherland.‎ ‎19、动名词常用句型：‎ ‎(1) ...have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth. (有困难做某事)‎ 例：People from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other. ‎ ‎(2) upon/on doing sth, 一……就……‎ 例：Upon / On hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn't say a word. ‎ ‎(3) There is no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.‎ 例：There is no difficulty in solving this social problem.解决这个社会问题毫无困难。‎ ‎(4) It is no use/ good in doing sth例: It is no use crying over spilt milk.‎ ‎(5) spend/ waste some time/money (in) doing sth ‎(6) It's a waste of time/money/energy doing ‎ It's a waste of time watching TV programme as this. ‎ ‎20、虚拟语气的重点句型。‎ ‎(1) 与过去事实相反 ‎ If+had done sth., s+ could/ would/ might/ should+ have done 例：If the man had pointed with his first finger while he was in Brunei, everyone would have thought that he was very rude.‎ ‎(2) 与现在事实相反 ‎ If+ were/ ved, s+ could/ would/ might/ should + do 例：If I were in your position, I would call the police immediately.‎ ‎(3) 与将来事实相反 ‎ If+ were/ ved, s+ would/ could/ might/ should + do ‎ Were to….‎ ‎ Should…‎ 例：If I had (should have) time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.‎ ‎(4) 虚拟条件句中的倒装：‎ 例：Should it rain, the crops would grow better. ‎ Were he to act like that again, he would be fined.‎ Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk ‎（5）but for--- if it were not for……/ if it hadn’t been for….‎ ‎ ①But for the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t been saved.=‎ ‎ If it hadn’t been for the captain, ,….‎ ‎ ② But for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life.=‎ ‎ If it were not for your rich parents,….‎ ‎21、Not --- until 句型 ‎(1) 陈述句 not --- until --- 直到……才 例：Last night I didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock. 昨晚我11点钟才睡觉。‎ ‎(2) 强调句 It wasn't until…that... 直到……才…….‎ 例：It wasn't until yesterday that I got your letter. 我直到昨天才收到你的来信.‎ ‎(3) 倒装句 Not until...did... 直到……才……. ‎ 例：Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.‎ 直到我开始工作,我才意识到我已蹉跎了很多岁月.‎ ‎22、Only if和if only的用法区别 ‎ If only...!= how I wish… 真希望……!若是……那该多好啊!/ only if= if 引导条件状语从句 ‎(1) 谓语动词用过去式表现在：如：‎ 例：If only I knew his name! 要是我知道他的名字就好了。‎ ‎(2) 谓语动词用过去完成时表过去：如：‎ 例：If only we had followed your advice! 我们要是采纳你的意见就好了。‎ ‎(3) 谓语动词用could/would表将来：如：‎ 例：If only I could see him again! 要是我能再看到他多好啊！‎ If only she would accept my invitation! 要是她接受我的邀请该多好啊!‎ I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard.‎ ‎23、让步状语从句：‎ ‎(1) Adj./n./adv. + as/ though+ Subject（主）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）‎ Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.‎ ‎(2) whether … or not 例：Whether you like it or not, you'll have to do it.‎ ‎(3) even if/though ‎ 例：Even if/Even though the exercise is very difficult, you must do it.‎ ‎(4) 疑问词+ever=no matter +疑问词 Whoever breaks the law will certainly be punished.‎ However great the difficulty is, we can overcome it.‎ ‎24、反常规的冠词位置句型：‎ ‎(1) so/as/that/too/how +adj. + a/an + n.‎ 例：He is as good a student as you. 他和你一样是个好学生。‎ This is too difficult a problem for me.对我来说这是一个太难的问题。‎ You can hardly imagine how clever a boy he is.你几乎想象不到那孩子有多聪明。‎ ‎(2) quite/rather/what/such/many + a/an +(adj) +n 例：She sang quite a beautiful song. ‎ He was such a fool as to believe what she said.‎ ‎(3) all/both/half/twice the + n 例：All the students in her class like her very much.她班上所有的学生都喜欢她。‎ ‎25、表示最高级的句型：‎ ‎(1) Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V ‎ Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V ‎ 例：Nothing is more important than to receive education.‎ ‎(2) 比较级＋than+any other +名词单数，比较级＋than +anything(anyone)else，比较级＋than + any of the others 例：Bamboo probably has more uses than any other plant in the world.‎ ‎(3) 否定词 +比较级 例：It can’t be worse. 这是最糟的 ‎ I can’t agree any more.我非常同意。‎ ‎(4) can never/ can’t/ can hardly 与too, too much, enough, over- ‎ 表示“无论怎样….都不过分”‎ ‎ 1). While you are doing your homework, you can’t be careful enough.‎ ‎ 2). He is such a great man that we can’t praise him too much.‎ ‎ 3). William Hartley was handsome, determined and hardworking, in a word, I couldn’t speak ‎ too highly of him.‎ ‎ 4). The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good ‎ knowledge of English, so we can’t overemphasize the importance of learning English.‎ ‎ 5). Since it is a good thing, we can’t do it too soon.‎ ‎(5) be the last ----‎ 例：This is the last thing I want to do. 这是我最不想干的事。‎ ‎26、特殊的条件句：‎ ‎(1) Suppose/ Supposing/ assuming ---, 假如……‎ 例：Suppose/Supposing he is absent, what shall we do? 假如他缺席，我们怎么办？‎ ‎(2) provided (that)/ providing=as/ so long as =on condition that----- 只要……‎ I will come provided (that) I am well enough. ‎ You may go out providing you do your homework first.‎ ‎(3) given that/ considering+n./ + that…考虑到。。。， 鉴于。。。‎ Given her interest in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.=‎ Given that she is interested in children,…‎ ‎(4) 祈使句+and + 陈述句(表肯定）‎ 例：Give him an inch and he’ll take a mile.= ‎ If you give him an inch, he’ll take a mile. ‎ One more hour and I can finish the task.‎ ‎(5) 祈使句+ or/otherwise +陈述句 (表否定）‎ 例：Start at once, or / otherwise you’ll miss the train. = If you don’t start at once, … ‎ ‎= Unless you start at once, you’ll miss the train.‎ ‎(6) …won't...unless... 除非……否则我不会…….‎ 例句：I won't write to him unless he writes to me first. ‎ ‎27、必须背诵的There be 句型：‎ ‎(1) There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）‎ 例：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. ‎ ‎(2) There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问,……. ‎ 例句：There is no doubt that health is better than wealth. ‎ ‎(3) There's no point in... ……是无意义的.‎ 例句：There's no point in getting angry when things have happened.‎ ‎(4) There's no way... ……绝不可能.‎ 例句：There's no way one could succeed without hard work. ‎ ‎(5)There is no need to do sth.‎ 例：There is no need to spend money mending the broken car.‎ ‎(6) There is some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth ‎ 例：There is no trouble in selling our car. ‎ ‎(7) There is (no) chance / hope/ possibility of doing….…..有可能 ‎ This is a chance that I will be chosen for the team.‎ ‎(8) there be 结构中可以插入一些成分，如：seem to, happen to, is likely to；‎ 还可以用remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等来替换。eg:‎ There seems to be a hunter in the forest. ‎ There stands a tower in the center of the city. ‎ There happened to be nobody in the room when I came in.‎ There used to be a bus station at the corner of the street.‎ There are likely to be more difficulties than expected while we are carrying out the plan.‎ There lives a family of five in the village． There remains nothing more to be done．‎ ‎(9) there be结构的非谓语形式有两种：there being 和 there to be。eg:‎ Don’t wait for there to be a chance in your life. ‎ Do you expect there to be a great change in your career? ‎ It is necessary for there to be great patience in teaching.‎ No one told him about there being a lecture the following day.‎ ‎(10)There be句型的独立主格结构作状语：（有连词，用句子，没有连词，用独立结构）‎ ‎ 1). There being no buses, we had to walk home. = ‎ Because there were no buses, we had to walk home.‎ ‎ 2). There having been no rain for a long time, the crops in the field died.= Because there had been no rain for a long time, the crops in the field died.‎ ‎28、time 句型：‎ ‎(1) the first time 引导的状语从句 ‎ 例：I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. ‎ ‎(2) (the) next time 引导的状语从句 例：The harvest will have been got in (the) next time you come.‎ ‎(3) the last time 引导的状语从句 例：What was the name of the hotel he had stayed in the last time he was in Cairo? ‎ ‎(4) each time/every time 引导的状语从句 ‎ 例：Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.‎ ‎(5) It is ／was the first／last／second ／third time ＋从句（完成时态）‎ 例：This is the first time I have been here 这是我第一次到这儿。‎ ‎(6)It is high time that sb did (should do) sth 该……的时候了。‎ 例句：It is high time that we went to the classroom. ‎ ‎(7) by the time + 从句 就在……时候；到……时候为止 ‎ 例：by the time he got back ,his father had flew to America.‎ ‎(8) It's time for sb to do sth 例：It’s time for me to log off. ‎ ‎29、几种重要的倒装句型：‎ ‎(1) only 倒装句 例：Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.‎ Only when he told me about the news did I know the truth.‎ ‎(2) so 倒装句 ‎ 例：So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it. 　　‎ ‎(3) such 倒装句 ‎ 例：Such was the story he told. ‎ Such a well-known man is he that everyone wants to take a photo with him.‎ ‎(4)含有否定意义的词组提前(little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, no sooner, at no time, by no means, in no case, on no condition/ account….‎ 例：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. ‎ ‎(5)介词短语提前 ‎ 例：Outside the classroom stood an old man. 。‎ ‎(6) 分词提前 例：Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards.‎ ‎ Gone are the days when he could do what he wanted to.‎ ‎(7) not only --- but also 倒装句 ‎ 例：Not only was the city polluted but the streets were crowded.‎ ‎30、表示“也、同样”的句型 ‎(1) too 用于肯定 I like the book, too. 我也喜欢这本书。‎ ‎(2) also 用于陈述句 例：She also speaks a little Italian. 她也会说一点意大利语。‎ ‎(3) either 用于否定句 例：Peter can't go and I can't either. Peter 不能去，我也不能。‎ ‎(4) so 用于肯定的倒装句 例：You speak English well, so does he. 你的英语讲得很好，他讲得也不错。.‎ ‎(5) neither/nor 用于否定的倒装句 例：I have never heard of such a thing, Neither has she.我从来没有听说这件事，她也没有。‎ Tom didn’t finish his homework. Nor did Jane.汤姆没有完成作业，Jane 也没有。‎ ‎(6) as well 用于句末 例：He knows German as well. 他也懂德语。‎ ‎(7) so it is/was with = so it is/was the same with 用于包含不同种类的动词 例：Jack is a student and studies in China. So it is with Green.‎ ‎31.、with复合结构（作状语或定语）‎ ‎(1) with + n + adj. He stared at me with his mouth open. ‎ ‎(2) with + n + adv The boy stood there, with his head down. ‎ ‎(3) with + n + 介词短语 He stood with his hand in his pocket. ‎ ‎(4) with + n + 动词不定式With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.‎ ‎(5) with + n + 现在分词With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.‎ ‎(6) with + n +done With her eyes fixed on the opposite wall, she did not answer immediately. ‎ ‎（7）with+ n+n the work force is made up of 400 wokers, with most of them women. ‎ ‎32、几个难掌握的主语从句和宾语从句 ‎(1) You may take whatever(=anything/everything that)you like.‎ ‎(2) You may take whichever(=any) seat you like. ‎ ‎(3) Whoever(=Anyone who) cuts the trees down must be punished.‎ ‎(4) You may give the note to whomever(=anyone whom) you meet at the office.‎ ‎33、使用现在完成时和过去完成时的常用句型：‎ ‎(1) since句型：主句用完成时 ‎ 例：My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 从1949年.‎ Since when have you planted so many young trees?从什么时候你种植了这么多小树的？‎ ‎(2) This/it is the first (third...) time sb have done sth 例：This is the first time I have been here.‎ ‎(3) by…（到……为止）到过去某个时候为止用过去完成时，到现在为止用现在完成时，‎ 到将来某个时候为止用将来完成时。‎ 例：She will have finished the book by my next birthday.‎ By eleven o'clock yesterday, we had arrived at the airport.‎ 但比较：By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners were seated.‎ ‎(4) in the past time( two days/years...) +完成时 例：In the past 10 years, there have been great changes in our family life.‎ ‎(5) hardly ... when.... (no sooner ... than)句型用过去完成时 例：Hardly had I reached the school when the bell rang.‎ No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.‎ ‎(6) 未实现的愿望打算等等用过去完成时 例：I had thought I could pass the final examination but I failed.‎ ‎34、有关it的几个特殊句型 ：‎ ‎(1) owe it to sb. that…把…归功于… .I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.‎ ‎(2) take it for granted that …想当然 I take it for granted that they will support this idea.‎ ‎(3) keep it in mind that… It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work. ‎ ‎(4). It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，‎ enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, appreciate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, ‎ see to, depend on宾语从句紧跟it之后 ‎ 例; I would appreciate it if you call me back this evening. ‎ You may depend on it that she will pull through and join us soon.‎ ‎(5). It用在不能直接作介词宾语，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外） ‎ 例：I'm for it that you will follow their advice.‎ ‎(6) It has turned out that… 有人已经证实……‎ 例：It has turned out that his theory is right.‎ ‎(7) I t’s no use /good….doing…. It’s no use/ good crying over the spilt milk.‎ ‎(8)It’s a waste of time ….. doing sth. 做。。。是浪费时间的 ‎ ‎(9)It’s a waste of time your talking to him.‎ ‎(10)It's a wonder难得；奇怪的是 It's a wonder you recognized me. ‎ ‎(It's) no wonder 难怪；并不奇怪；当然 No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. ‎ ‎(11） it’s up to sb. to do sth. 该由某人做某事 ‎(12) It occurred to sb that...‎ 例句：It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem. ‎ 联想:A good idea occurred to sb.‎ A good idea came to sb.‎ A good idea struck sb.‎ A good idea ~ed into/ through sb’s mind Sb hit on/ upon a good idea.‎ ‎(13) it remains to be done + 从句 某事有待去做 Travelling is good for the couple, but it remains to be seen whether they enjoy it.‎ There are many problems remaining to be settled.‎ ‎（14）when it comes to…当谈到。。。‎ When it comes to helping his wife with the housework, John never complains.‎