高考整理八年英语真题分类专项个专题大集合多页

高考整理八年英语真题分类专项个专题大集合多页

2010-2017 八年英语真题分类专项 22 个专题大集合 考点 1 --------------------------------------广告应用类 考点 2 --------------------------------------科普研究类 考点 3 --------------------------------------生态环保类 考点 4--------------------------------------社会生活类 考点 5 --------------------------------------时事新闻类 考点 6--------------------------------------人物故事类 考点 7 --------------------------------------史地人文类 考点 8 --------------------------------------议论说理类 考点 9 --------------------------------------七选五 考点 10 --------------------------------------记叙类 考点 11 --------------------------------------夹叙夹议文 考点 12 --------------------------------------说明文类 考点 13 --------------------------------------议论文 考点 16--------------------------------------提纲类 考点 17--------------------------------------其他类 考点 18--------------------------------------读写类 考点 19 --------------------------------------词汇辨析 考点 20 --------------------------------------非谓语动词 考点 21 ----------------------动词的时态、语态及情态动词 考点 22 --------------------------------------从句 考点 1 广告应用类 1． (2017 新课标全国Ⅰ) Pacific Science Center Guide ◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit． The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome． ◆Hungry? 0ur exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? 0ur café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials． The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes． ◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit． The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3 ． Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance． ID required． ◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion( 热 情 ) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology． Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1． 3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State． It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations ． Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center． 21． Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A． In Building 1． B． In Building 3． C． At the last Dome． D． At the Denny Way entrance． 22． What does PacificScience Center do for schools? A． Train Science teachers． B． Distribute science books． C． Distribute scientific research． D． Take science to the classroom． 23． What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A． To encourage donations． B． To advertise coming events． C． To introduce special exhibits． D． To tell about the Center’s history． 2． (2017 新课标全国Ⅱ) In the coming months ¸ we are bringing together artists from all over the globe ¸ to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language ¸ in our Globe ¸ within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for． Please come and join us． National Theatre of China Beijing|Chinese This great occasion( 盛 会 ) will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK ． The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre． This production ofShakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director¸Wang Xiaoying． Date & Time：Saturday 28 April¸2.30pm & Sunday 29 April¸1.30pm & 6.30pm Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi | Georgian 0ne of the most famous theatres in Georgia¸the Marjanishvili¸founded in 1928¸appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world． This new production of As You Like It is helmed（指导）by the company’sArtistic Director Levan Tsuladze． Date & Time：Friday 18May¸2.30pm & Saturday 19May¸7.30pm Deafinitely Theatre London| British Sign Language（BSL） By translating the rich and humorous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL ¸ Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience． Date & Time：Tuesday 22 May¸2.30pm & Wednesday 23May¸7.30pm Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv | Hebrew The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide ¸ Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution ¸ the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s ¸ Since 1958 ¸ they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel． This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK． Date & Time：Monday 28May¸7.30 & Tuesday 29May¸7.30pm 21． which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China? A． Richard Ⅲ． B． Lover’s Labour’sLost C． As You Like It D． The Merchant of Venice 22． What is special about Deafinitely Theatre? A． It has two groups of actors B． It is the leading theatre in London C． It performs plays in BSL D． It is good at producing comedies 23． When can you see a play in Hebrew? A． 0n Saturday 28 April． B． 0n Sunday 29 April C． 0n Tuesday 22 May． D． 0n Tuesday 29 May 3． (2017 新课标全国Ⅱ) Terrafugia Inc． said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight¸bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year． The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats¸ four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car． The Transition¸which flew at 1¸ 400 feet for eight minutes last month¸ can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air． It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air． 0n the ground¸ it gets 35 miles per gallon． Around 100 people have already put down a $10¸000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale¸ and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show． But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways． It’s expected to cost $279 ¸000． And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic． The car needs a runway． Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s¸according to Robert Mann¸ an airline industry expert ． But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality． The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly． The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards． Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft¸which are lower than those pilots of larger planes Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition¸a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet． 28． What is the first paragraph mainly about? A． The basic data of the Transition． B． The advantages of flying cars． C． The potential market for flying cars． C． The designers of the Transition． 29． Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways? A． It causes traffic jams． B． It is difficult to operate． C． It is very expensive． D． It bums too much fuel． 30． What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car? A． Cautious B． Favorable． C． Ambiguous． D． Disapproving． 31． What is the best title for the text? A． Flying Car at Auto Show B． The Transition’s Fist Flight C． Pilots’Dream Coming True D． Flying Car Closer to Reality 4． (2017 新课标全国Ⅲ) San Francisco Fire Engine Tours San Francisco Winery Tour Running：February 1st through April 30th This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF． Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer． (Included in tickets price) Departing from the Cannery：Tell time upon request． Duration(时长)：2hours Price：$90 Back to the Fifties Tour Running：August 16th through August 31st This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream． Departing form the Cannery 5：00 pm and 7：00 pm Duration：2 hours Price：$90 Spooky Halloween Tour Running：0ctober 10th through 0ctober 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district． Authentic fire gear （服装）is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco． Departing from the Cannery：6：30 pm and 8：30 pm Duration ：1 hour and 30 minutes Price： Available upon request Holiday Lights Tour Running：December 6th through December 23nd This tractive four takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes． Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit． Departing from the Cannery 7：00 pm and 9：00 pm Duration：1 hour and 30 minutes Advance reservations required． 21． Which of the tours is available in March? A． San Francisco Winery Tour． B． Back to the Fifties Tour． C． Spooky Halloween Tour． D． Holiday Lights Tour． 22． What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours? A． Go to Treasure Island． B． Enjoy the holiday scenes． C． Have free ice cream． D． Visit the Presidio district． 23． What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour? A． Take some drinks． B． Set off early in the morning． C． Wear warm clothes． D． Make reservations in advance． 5． (2017 北京) Inspiring young minds! T0KN0W Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing¸ bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month． Sounds too good to be true? Take a look online—evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when What’s inside? Every month the magazine introduces afresh new topic with articles, experimentsand creative things to make — the magazinealso explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sureyoung readers have a balanced take on life. What is so special about T0KN0W magazine? Well, it has no ads or promotions inside— instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas．T0KN0W makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved inadvanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）—and they will soon discover that T0KN0W feels more like a club than just a magazine. they see it and recommend T0KN0W to their friends． Happy Birthday All Year! What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day． SUBSCRIBE N0W □Annual Subscription Europe £55 Rest of World £65 □Annual Subscription with Gift Pack Includes a Mammoth Map¸ a passport Puzzle Booklet¸ and Subscription Europe £60 Rest of World £70 Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back． 59． Why is T0KN0W a special magazine? A． It entertains young parents． B． It provides serious advertisements． C． It publishes popular science fictions． D． It combines fun with complex concepts． 60． What does T0KN0W offer its readers? A． 0nline courses． B． Articles on new topics． C． Lectures on a balanced life． D． Reports on scientific discoveries． 61． How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to T0KN0W with gift pack from China? A． £55． B． £60． C． £65． D． £70． 62． Subscribers of T0KN0W would get ． A． free birthday presents B． full refund within 28 days C． membership of the T0KN0W club D． chances to meet the experts in person 6． （2017 天津） Suppose you’re in a rush¸ felling tired¸not paying attention to your screen¸and you send an email that could get you in trouble． Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”． You freeze in horrors and burn with shame． What to do? Here are four common email accidents¸ and how to recover． Clicking “send” too soon Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receivers has read it yet． Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored． Writing the wrong time The sooner you notice¸the better． Respond quickly and briefly¸apologizing for your mistake． Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly¸as people can be offered¸ especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i． e． incorrect ordering of Chinese names)． Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal( 透 露 )to entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner¸ or what holiday you’d like to take． In this instance¸ the best solution is to send a quick ¸ light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness． But it can quickly rise to something worse¸ when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation． In this instance¸ step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down． Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger． You write an unkind message about someone¸ intending to send it to a friend¸ but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing． In that case ¸ ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry ． Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person． 36． After realising an email accident¸you are likely to feel _______． A． curious B． tired C． awful D． funny 37． If you have written the wrong name in an email¸it is best to ________． A． apologise in a serious manner B． tell the receiver to ignore the error C． learn to write the name correctly D． send a short notice to everyone 38． What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email? A． Try offering other choices． B． Avoid further involvement． C． Meet other staff members． D． Make a light-hearted apology． 39． How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email? A． By promising not to offend the receiver again． B． By seeking support from the receiver’s friends． C． By asking the receiver to control his anger． D． By talking to the receiver face to face． 40． What is the passage mainly about? A． Defining email errors． B． Reducing email mistakes． C． Handling email accidents． D． Improving email writing． 7． (2016 新课标全国Ⅰ) You probably know who Marie Curie was¸but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson． 0f the outstanding ladies listed below¸who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank． Addams helped the poor and worked for peace． She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize． Rachel Carson(1907-1964) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today． Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans． Sandra Day 0’Connor(1930-present) When Sandra Day 0’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman． She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S． Supreme Court． 0’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court． Rosa Parks(1913-2005) 0n December 1,1955, in Montgomery ¸ Alabama ¸ Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger． Her simple act landed Parks in prison． But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott． It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement． “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in ¸”said Parks． 21． What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A． Her social work． B． Her lack of proper training in law． C． Her efforts to win a prize． D． Her community background． 22． What is the reason for 0’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm? A． Her lack of proper training in law． B． Her little work experience in court． C． The discrimination against women． D． The poor financial conditions． 23． Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US? A． Jane Addams． B． Rachel Carson． C． Sandra Day 0’Connor． D． Rosa Parks 24． What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A． They are highly educated． B． They are truly creative． C． They are pioneers． D． They are peace-lovers． 8． (2016 新课标全国Ⅱ) What’s 0n? Electric Underground 7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. Gee Whizz 8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! 0ur bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐). Simon’s Workshop 5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny. Charlotte Stone 8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. 0ur bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine. 21． Who can help you if you want to have your music produced? A． Jules Skye. B． Gee Whizz. C． Charlotte Stone. D． James Pickering. 22． At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh? A． The Cyclops Theatre B． Kaleidoscope C． Victoria Stage D． Pizza World 23． What do we know about Simon’s Workshop? A. It requires membership status. B． It lasts three hours each time. C. It is run by a comedy club. D． It is held every Wednesday. 24． When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs? A． 5.00pm-7.30pm. B． 7.30pm－1.00am. C． 8.00pm-11.00pm. D． 8.30pm-10.30pm. 9． (2016 新课标全国Ⅲ) Music 0pera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street． The season runs June through August,with additional performances in March and September ． The 0pera honors Enjoy the Artsmembershipdiscounts ． Phone: 241-2742． http://www． cityopera． com． Chamber 0rchestra: The 0rchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June． Call 723-1182 for more information． http://www． chamberorch． com． Symphony0rchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend． For ticket sales, call 381-3300． Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend． http://www． symphony． org/home． asp． College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are onthemain campus(校园)ofthe university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater． CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic 0rchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music． Students with I． D． cards can attend the events for free． A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183． http://www． ccm． uc． edu/events/calendar． Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave． Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference)． Big name shows all summer long! Phone: 232-6220． http://www.riverbendmusic.com． 21． Whichnumber shouldyoucallifyouwantto see an opera? A． 241-2742． B． 723-1182． C． 381-3300． D． 232-6220． 22． When canyougotoaconcert byChamber 0rchestra? A． February． B． May． C． August． D． November． 23． Where can students go for free performances with their I． D． cards? A． MusicHall． B． Memorial Hall． C． Patricia Cobbett Theater． D． RiverbendMusicTheater． 24． How isRiverbend MusicTheaterdifferentfrom the other places? A． Ithas seatsintheopenair． B． Itgives shows allyear round． C． Itoffersmembership discounts． D． It presentsfamousmusicalworks． 10． (2016 新课标全国Ⅲ) If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around． It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month． The day itself is on 0ctober 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of 0ctober around Britain． Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples． To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans． Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩 的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else． There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions． 0ne of the very best varieties for eating quality is 0rleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it． At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games． Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards (果园)． If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale¸near Faversham in Kent． 28． What can people do attheapple events? A． Attend experts’lectures． B． Visit fruit-loving families． C． Plantfruit trees inan orchard． D． Tastemanykinds ofapples． 29． What can welearnaboutDecio? A． Itisanew variety． B． It has a strangelook． C． Itisrarely seen now． D． Ithas a specialtaste． 30． Whatdoesthe underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3mean? A． Apracticalidea． B． A vain hope． C． A brilliant plan． D． A selfish desire． 31． Whatisthe author’s purpose inwritingthe text? A． To showhowto grow apples． B． Tointroduce an applefestival． C． Tohelppeople selectapples． D． Topromoteapple research． 11． (2015 新课标全国Ⅱ) Choose Your 0ne-Day Tours Tour A-Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge-￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter. Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey,the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum.Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years. Tour B-0xford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary’s Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house-￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter. 0xford: Includes a guided of England’s oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires( 尖 顶 )”form St Mary’s Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder. Tour C-Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace-£34 until March and £37 thereafter. Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry will’s favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle （ entrance fees not included ） . With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost! Tour D-Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great-£33 until 18 March and£37 thereafter. Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century. 33． Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city? A． Tour A B． Tour B C． Tour C D． Tour D 34． Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March? A． Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.B． 0xford & Stratford C． Bath &Stonehenge.D． Cambridge. 35． Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction? A.It used to be the home of royal families.B.It used to be a well-known maze. C.It is the oldest palace in Britain. D.It is a world-famous castle. 12． (2015 福建) SIGN Y0UR CHILD UP F0R "FLY T0 THE M00N CLUB" AND ENJ0Y A FREE * FLIGHT T0 ANY DESTINATI0N IN ASIA! With a registration fee of just $50 per child, children under the age of 12 can join Eagle Airways' FLY T0 THE M00N CLUB as members. They can then enjoy the same benefits onboard Eagle Airways' newest Boeing-797to any destination in the world! BENEFITS Y0U CAN'T MISS! • A free * flight to any destination in Asia • 30% off any course at Tanya Language School • 20% off any purchase made at Ruby Bookstore • A free notebook with every purchase above $ 50 at Starlight Stationery • A free bowl of dessert for a family of four at Don’s Diners with every set dinner ordered • A birthday gift on your child's birthday • A free album containing pictures taken during the journey All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family! ** Insurance is issued by Live Life Insurance Group. 10% 0FF ALL B00KINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September * Child must be accompanied by twopaying adults. ** Terms and conditions apply. 65． 0ne of the benefits mentioned in, the advertisement is ______ . A． a free flight to any destination in the world B． 30% off any book purchased at Ruby Bookstore C． a free bowl of dessert at any restaurant at the airport D． a discount on any course at Tanya Language School 66． Which of the following bookings may receive the most benefits? Booking date Departure date A． September 13 September 18 Booking date Departure date B． September 2 September 12 Booking date Departure date C． August 15 September 4 Booking date Departure date D． August 16 September 8 67． Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement? A． You need to pay $50 to sign up a child for the cluB． B． Club members enjoy free travel insurance for any flight. C． The advertisement is intended for students of all ages. D． Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult. 13． (2015 北京) Revolutionary TV Ears TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume( 音量) and now it’s better and more affordable than ever! With TV Ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume, while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level that’s comfortable for them. You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute( 静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environment — maybe the baby is sleeping. 0r perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame. TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction car tip, not used in any other commercially available headset. This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable. Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers. That’s why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists( 听 觉 学 家 ) nationwide as well as world-famous doctors. Doctor Recommended TV Ears! “My wife and I have used TV Ears almost daily for the past two years and find them a great help in our enjoyment of television . As a retired ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.” — Robert Forbes, M. D, CA Customer Recommended TV Ears! “ Now my husband can have the volume as loud as he needs and I can have the TV at my hearing level. TV Ears is so comfortable that Jack forgets he has them on ! He can once again hear and understand the dialogue.” — Darlene & Jack B, CA RiskFree Trial! TV Ears comes with a 30-day risk free trial. Special 0ffer — Now ＄59.95. If you’re not satisfied, return it. Money-back guarantee! Call now ! 800-123-7832 60． TV Ears helps you ______. A． improve your sleeping quality B． listen to TV without disturbing others C． change TV channels without difficulty D． become interested in ballgame programs 61． What makes TV Ears different from other headsets? A． It can easily set TV on mute B． Its headset volume is adjustable C． It has a new noise reduction ear tip D． It applies special wireless technology 62． This advertisement is made more believable by ______. A． using recommendations B． offering reasons for this invention C． providing statistics D． showing the results of experiments 14． (2014 新课标全国Ⅱ) Metro Pocket Guide Metrorail(地铁) Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out． Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer． Farecard machines are in every station． Bring small bills becausethere are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines onlyprovide up to $ 5 in change． Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a 0ne Day Pass． Buyit from a farecard machine in Metro stations． Use it after 9:30 a． m． until closing on weekdays¸and all day on weekends and holidays． Hours of service 0pen: 5 a． m． Mon． – Fri． 7 a． m． Sat． – Sun． Close: midnight Sun． –Thurs． 3 a． m． Fri． – Sat． nights Last train times vary ． To avoid missing the last train ¸ please checkthe last train times posted in stations． Metrobus When paying with exact change¸the fare is $ 1.35． When paying with a SmarTrip card¸ the fare is $ 1.25． Fares for senior/disabled customers Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride forhalf the regular fare． 0n Metrorail and Metrobus ¸ use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card ． For more information about buyingy senior/disabled farecards¸SmarTrip cards and passes¸please visit Metro0pensDoors． com or call 202 – 637 – 7000 and 202 –63 7 – 8000． Senior citizen and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202 - 962 - 1100． Travel tips (提示) ·Avoid riding during weekday rush periods - before 9:30 a． m． and between 4 and 6 p． m． ·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station¸please call Lost ＆ Found at 202 – 962 – 1195． 32． What should you know aboutfarecard machines? A． They start selling tickets at 9:30 a． m． B． They are connected to change machines． C． They offer special service to the elderly． R R R D． They make change for no morethan $ 5． 33． At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday? A． At midnight． B． At 3 a． m． C． At 5 a． m． D． At 7 p． m． 34． What is good about a SmarTrip card ? A． It is convenient for old people． B． It saves money for its users． C． It can be bought at any time． D． It is sold on the Internet． 35． Which number should you call ifyou lose something on the Metro? A． 202 –962–1195 B． 202 –962 –1100 C． 202 –637 –7000 D． 202 –637 – 8000 15． （2014 江苏） Never before had a Kitchen so much of a History It tells of Freedom ¸ Success ¸ and of the Architecture of bigAmerican cities． Because that is where it started: in the second half of the19th century! Welcome to a new Era of Kitchen Interior Design Back then ¸ a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a newstyle of Architecture to express their personal wealth． This dream was realized byyoung architects such as Daniel Bumham and Stanford White ． They all had studiedat the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris ． And they created a new style for Architectureand Interior Design ¸ named after the famous French Art Institute: Beaux-Arts． SieMatic BeauxArts Breaks and Creates In fact it was not a new style at all ¸ but a composition of styles from differentperiods and cultures． Many world-famous structures such as the Chicago R ArtInstitute and the Statue of Liberty account for it． But what does that have to do withyour kitchen? Just as much as you want it to． Because in the same way that theanti-conventional architects back then took the freedom to combine elements fromdifferent historical eras ¸today ¸you too can break the conventional rules of style andcreate something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen． For that¸SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range of seeminglyconflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own． You canchoose from menu of various forms¸appealing colors and precious materials ¸ tocreate an environment that is much more than just a kitchen: a reflection ofyourpersonality． 56． Why did the BeauxArts style attractAmerican entrepreneurs? A． It helped display their money status． B． It was created by famous architects． C． It was named after a famous institute． D． It represented the 19th century urban culture． 57． What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts ? A． Its designs are anti-conventional． B． Its designs come from famous structures． C． Its customers can enjoy their own composition． D． Its customers can choose from various new styles． 16． （2013 陕西） Joshrdra¸Helmut¸and Bethlehem Michelle 0． Donovan ISBN 9781462058679 Life is not easy for nine-year-old Joshua during World War II ． Because of his family's Jewish background ¸they are sent to livein the concentration camps (集中营)． Scared and alone¸ Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he callsBethlehem who becomes his closest friend． More Things in Heaven Bill Bosworth ISBN 9780595433582 In his More Things in ¸Heaven ¸Bill Bosworth presents thehighlights of his 83 years of life ¸including his trips to India andthe study of the writings of several great spiritual leaders． More Things in ¸ Heaven will appeal to anyone who insists onfinding the deepest meaning for their existence based on their own experiences． Encourage Me ! Inspirational Poetry Gloria Coykendall ISBN 9781412027854 It is an easy-to-read collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith and to be a chronic for chronic depression(长期抑 郁)． ． ． cure to strengthen identity and purpose． Creation or Evolution Michael Ebifegha ISBN 9781450289023 Were humans created¸or did they evolve? How old is the Earth? The debate between science and religion continues to be heated ． In Creation or Evolution ¸ Michael Ebifegha examines these two opposed world views within the structure of empirical(实证的)science． Seeking the Edge Dr． Joseph L． Rose ISBN 9781462031795 Seeking the Edge provides the tools and techniques to find thatedge in one's life – driving readers to achieve success whetherin your current job ¸ finding a new job ¸ in education ¸ family¸or even hobbies． 46． Who wrote the story about a littleboy and a little mouse? A． Bill Bosworth． B． Michelle 0． Donovan． C． Dr． Joseph L． Rose． D． Gloria Coykendall． 47． The ISBN for the book of poems is _______ ． A． 9781462031795 B． 9781412027854 C． 9780595433582 D． 9781462058679 48． What kind of readers will probably like reading More Things in Heaven? A． Those who are searching for the meaning of life． B． Those who are trying to be spiritual leaders． C． Those who study the art of writing． D． Those who like traveling abroad． 49． Which of the following books exploresthe origin of humans? A． Seeking the Edge． B． Creation or Evolution． C． Joshua¸Helmut¸and Bethlehem． D． More Things in Heaven． 17 ． （2013 湖南） Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs． AV0ID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events¸concerts andexhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder tofind a room． A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 0ct) cost￡169.15 at Booking.com． A week later¸the same room cost￡118.15． If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid — or you'relooking for a big event to pass your time — check out sites such asWhatsonwhen.com¸which allow you to search for events in the UK bycity¸ date and category． STAXY AWAY FR0M THE STATI0N If traveling to yourdestination by train¸you may want to find a good base close to the station¸but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience atthe start¸of your holiday． Don't be too choosy about the part of town you stay in． Booking twomonths in advance¸the cheapest room at Travelodge's Central Eustonhotel in London for Saturday 22September was ￡95. 95． A room just atube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was $ 75.75 ． And atFamngdon ¸a double room cost just ￡62.95． L00K AFTER Y0URSELF Really central hotels in cities suchas London ¸ Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune¸especially atweekends and during big events． As an alternative consider checkinginto a self-catering flat with its own kitchen． 0ften these flats are hiddenaway on the top floors of city centre buildings． A great example is the historic 0'Neill Flat on Edinburgh's Royal Mile¸ available for． ￡420 for five days in late September¸with room for four adults． GET 0N A BIKE London's 'Boris bikes' have attracted the mostattention¸ but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent abicycle and explore at your own pace ¸ saving you on public transport or carparking costs． Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle(casual members pay around ￡1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes¸or￡5 per day)． 56． The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may _____ ． A． help travelers pass time B． attract lots of travelers to the UK C． allow travelers to make flexible plans D． cause travelers to pay more for accommodation 57． "Farringdon" in Paragraph 5 is most probably_____． A． a hotel away from the train station B． the tube line to Covent Garden C． an ideal holiday destination D． the name of a travel agency 58． The passage shows that the 0'Neill Flat ______ ． A． lies on the ground floor B． is located in central London C． provides cooking facilities for tourists D． costs over $ 100 0n average perday in late September 59． Cardiff's program allows a free bikefor a maximum period of ______ ． A． half an hour B． one hour C． one hour and a half D． two hours 60． The main purpose of the passage is _________． A． to tell visitors how to book in advance B． to supply visitors with hotel information C． to show visitors the importance of self-help D． to offer visitors some money- saving tips 18． ( 2013 北京) EP Portable Heater We all know that the cost of heating our homes willcontinue to be a significant burden on the family budget ． Now millions of people are saving on their heating billswith the EP portable heater． With over one millionsatisfied customers around the world ¸the new EP heatsbetter and faster¸saves more on heating bills¸and runs almost silent ． The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire ． Theoutside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not bumchildren or pets． The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room． With other heaters¸you'll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they areburning up oxygen． The advanced EP also heats the room evenly¸ wall to wall and floorto ceiling． It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet ． 0therheaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to thecenter of the room ． And they only heat an area a few feet around theheater ． With the EP ¸ the temperature will not vary in any part of theroom． The EP comes with a 3-year warranty (保修) and a 60-day¸no questions asked¸satisfaction guarantee． If you are not totally satisfied¸return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you． Now we have a special offer for 10 days ¸ during which you can enjoy ahalf price discount and a free delivery ． If you order after that ¸ we reserve theright to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price． Take action right now ! 56． What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2? A． The heat of the EP． B． The safety of the EP． C． The appearance of the EP． D． The material of the EP． 57． From the passage¸we can learn that the EP _______． A． doesn't burn up oxygen B． runs without any noise C． makes people get sleepy D． is unsuitable for children and pets 58． The underlined word "evenly" in Paragraph 4 probably means ______． A． continuously B． separately C． quickly D． equally 59． The main purpose of the passage is to _________ ． A． persuade people to buy the product B． advise people to save on heating bills C． report the new development ofportable heaters D． compare the functions of different heater brands 19． （2012 新课标全国） Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kidsto? Try some of these piaces: · Visit art museums ． They offer a variety of activities to excite yourkids' interest ． Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces¸traveling exhibits¸book signings(签名) by children's favorite writers ¸and even musical performances and other arts． ·Head to a natural history museum． This is where kids can discoverthe past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures' of stars inthe sky． Also¸ask what kind of workshops and educational programs areprepared for kids and any special events that are coming up． ·Go to a Youtheater． Look for one in your area offering plays forchild and family visitors． Pre-show play shops are conducted by areaartists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts． Puppet(木偶) making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find． ·Try hands-on science． Visit one of the many hands-on science museumsaround the country． These science play-lands are great fun forkids and grown-ups alike． They'll keep your child mentally andphysically active the whole day through while pushing buttons¸experimenting¸ and building． When everyone is tired¸ enjoy a fun familyscience show¸ commonly found in these museums． 56． If a child is interested in the universe¸he probably will visit ________ ． A． a Youtheater B． an artmuseum C． a natural history museum D． a hands-on science museum 57． What can kids do at a Youtheater? A． Look at rock collections． B． See dinosaur models． C． Watch puppet making． D． Give performances． 58． What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph ? A． Science games designed by kids． B． Learning science by doing things． C． A show of kids' science work． D． Reading science books． 59． Where does this text probably come from? A． A science textbook． B． A tourist map． C． A museum guide． D． A news report． 20． (2011 全国 II) Student Membership - Cambridge Arts Cinema Cambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and homeof the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival ． Since 1947generations of students have discovered the wealth of world cinema． Nowyou too can make the most of it and save money． At the Arts you can ． ． ． ·choose from up t0 40 films a month ·see up to 8 premieres (首映) each month · catch screenings when you like—we open early and close late ·increase your knowledge of film withour special events - each year we runseasons on various types of films anddirectors ·meet the filmmakers What you get as a member : So what are you waiting for? Just fillin the form and return it either in person or by post to: Box 0ffice Cambridge Arts Cinema 8 Market Passage Cambridge CN2 3PF ·invitation to a preview screening ·￡1 off the standard prices( ￡4 ． 50/ ￡ 3 ． 50) for any screening including special events · your own copy of each cinemaprogramme mailed free of charge · a card with your own membershipnumber · 50% off membership to theCambridge Darkroom Gallery It costs￡15 to join and your card can be used from lst0ctober 2011 to30th June 2012． Cinema Information: 01223 572929 (24hr) Box 0ffice:01223 504444 48． Which of the following is the mostfamous event held at CambridgeArts Cinema? A． The Cambridge Film Festival． B． Meetings with filmmakers． C． The preview screening． D． Monthly premieres． 49． If you're a member of Cambridge Arts Cinema¸you will enjoy free _______ ． A． DarkroomGallery shows B． mailed programmes C． special film events D． film shows 50． How long will the membership for Cambridge Arts Cinema last? A． Four months． B． Eight months． C． Nine months． D． 0ne year． 51． For what purpose is the text written? A． 0ffering students cheaper tickets． B． Announcing the opening of a premiere． C． Telling the public of the cinema's address． D． Increasing the cinema's membership． 21． （2010 天津） WELC0ME Welcome to Windsor Castle ¸ the oldestand largest occupied castle in theworld ． Windsoris one of the officialResidences(住所)of the Queen¸ who sometimes stays here． Audio tours Free audio tours are available onleaving the Admission Centre at thestart of your visit ． There is adescriptive audio tour for blind andpoor-sighted visitors ． Guided toursVisitors can explore the history of theCastle through a tour of the Precinctswith an expert guide． Tours depart atregular intervals throughout the dayfrom the Courtyard and finish at theentrance to the State Apartments． Visitors with children For those visiting with children ¸ aspecial family tour and variousactivities are offered during schoolholidays and at weekends． Please notethat¸for safety reasons ¸ pushchairs arenot permitted in the State Apartments ． However ¸ baby carriers are available to borrow． St George's Chapel Visitors arriving at the Castle after15:00 from March to 0ctober areadvised to visit St George's Shopping Shops offer a wide range ofsouvenirsdesigned for the Royal Collection ¸ including books ¸ postcards ¸ china ¸ jewellery ¸ and children's toys． Pleaseask at the Middle Ward shop about ourhome delivery service． Refreshments Bottled water can be purchased from theCourtyard and Middle Ward shops From April to September ice cream isalso available ． Visitorswishing to leavethe Castle for refreshments in the townmay obtain re-entry permits from the castleshops ． Eating and drinking are notpermitted in the State Apartmentsor StGeorge's Chapel． Photography and mobile phones Non-commercial photography and filming are welcomed in the Castle． Photography¸ video recording and filmingare not permittedinside the State Apartments or St George's Chapel． Mobilephones must be switched off inside theState Apartments and St George's Chapelin consideration of other visitors． Security As Windsor Castle is a working royalpalace¸ visitors and their belongingsshould get through airport-style security checks For safety and security reasons aone-way system operates along the visitorroute． Chapelfirst¸before it closes． 36． A visitor can apply for a free audio tour______ ． A． in the Courtyard B． in the State Apartments C． at the Admission Center D． at St George's Chapel 37． What is specially offered to visitors with kids? A． A security guard． B． A pushchair． C． A free toy． D． A baby carrier． 38． Who can get re-entry permits? A． Visitors wishing to eat outside the Castle． B． Visitors buying gifts in the castle shops． C． Visitors buying water from the Courtyard． D． Visitors eating outside St George's Chapel． 39． Why are visitors required to turn off their mobile phones? A． To ensure the safety of others． B． To ensure the security of the Castle． C． To prevent them from disturbing others． D． To prevent the use of the built-in cameras． 40． In the last part¸a " working royal palace" refers to one _____ ． A． still being constructed B． still used by the royal family C． where the Queen usually works D． where works of art are on show 第一部分 阅读理解 考点 1 广告应用类答案 1． (2017 新课标全国Ⅰ) 21． B【解析】根据文章第一段的“The store is located（位于）upstairs in Building 3right next to the Laser Dome”可知¸纪念品商店坐落于 3 号楼¸故选 B。根据文章第二段的“The cafe is located upstairs in Building l and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes”可知¸咖啡馆在 l 号楼¸故 A 项错误；根据第一段的最后一句可排除 C 项；根据第三段的“Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance． ID required”可知¸在 Denny Way entrance 可租赁 到折叠式婴儿车和轮椅¸故 D 项错误。 22． D【解析】根据第四段的“Today¸Pacific Science Center serves more than l.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events”可知¸太平洋科学中 心把科学教育带人课堂¸故选 D。 23 ． A 【 解 析 】 根 据 最 后 一 段 的 标 题 “ Support Pacific Science Center ” 和 “ Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center”可知¸本段旨在鼓励人 们为太平洋科学中心的发展捐款。最后一段并没有为该中心做广告¸故 B 项的陈述错误；最后一段没有 介绍特色展品¸可排除 C；最后一段提到这个中心创办于 1962 年¸但是本段没有介绍它的历史¸可排除 D。 2． (2017 新课标全国Ⅱ) 21． A【解析】根据题干中的“the National Theatre of China”可将答案定位于 National Theatre of China 部分中的“Shakespeare's Richard Ⅲ”¸故选 A 项。 22． C【解析】根据 Deafinitely Theatre 部分中的“By translating the rich and humoroustext ofLove's Labour's Lost into the physical language of BSL ¸ Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare's comedy”可知¸Deafinitely Theatre 的特别之处就是使用 BSL 表演戏剧¸创造出了一种对莎 士比亚喜剧的新的诠释。故选 C 项。 23． D【解析】根据题干中的“Hebrew”可将该题答案定位在最后一部分中。根据最后一部分中 的“Date & Time：Monday 28 May¸7. 30pm ＆Tuesday 29 May¸7.30 pm”可知¸该题应选 D 项。 3． (2017 新课标全国Ⅱ) 28． A【解析】第一段的第二句“The vehicle...like a car”介绍了飞行汽车 Transition 的构造¸第一 段的后半部分介绍了它的空中飞行速度、路地行驶速度和油耗情况¸这些都是飞行汽车的基本数据。故 选 A 项。 29． C【解析】根据第二段中的“But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $ 279¸000”可知¸该飞行汽车是非常贵的¸所以不太可能大量出现在车道上。故选 C 项。 30． B【解析】根据第三段中的“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly”可推知¸政府对该项目是支持的。故选 B 项。 31． D【解析】根据第一段中的“Terrafugia Inc． said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight¸bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year”可知¸ Terrafugia 公司的飞行汽车成功进行了第一次飞行¸从而使飞行汽车更加接近现实。所以选 D 项。主旨大 意题的解答要注意文章的首段和尾段¸同时要结合文章中大部分内容所讲述的观点。文章中只提及 Transition 会出现在 New York Auto Show¸但这不是文章主要内容¸故排除 A 项；B 项只是飞行汽车的第一 次飞行¸过于片面；C 项中的“Pilots' Dream”未在文中提及。 4． (2017 新课标全国Ⅲ) 21． A【解析】题干问的是三月份可参加的旅行¸而第一个项目 San Francisco Winery Tour 的时间 是从 2 月 1 日到 4 月 30 日。故选 A。 22． C【解析】第二个项目 Back to the Fifties Tour 中提到在 San Francisco 你能免费品尝冰淇淋。而 其他选项在这个旅行中没有被提到。故选 C。 23． D【解析】第四个项目 Holiday Lights Tour 的最后一句话提到“Advance reservations required”¸由 此可知¸该旅行需要提前预订。故选 D。 5． (2017 北京) 59． D【解析】根据第一段中的“a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans ever month”可知¸T0KN0W 杂志的特殊之处在于它将趣味性与有挑战性的、复杂的概念结合起来。故选 D。A 项“张冠李戴”¸T0KN0W 杂志的目标读者是孩子¸而不是年轻的父母；B 项“颠倒是非”¸文中的 “Well¸it has no ads or promotions inside”表明 T0KN0W 杂志不刊登广告；文中并未提及 C 项。 60． B【解析】根据 What's inside? 部分中的“Every month the magazineintroduces afresh new topic with articles¸ experiments and creative things to make”可知¸T0KN0W 杂志刊载关于新话题的文章。 61． D【解析】根据 Annual Subscription with Gift Pack 部分中的“Rest of World ￡70”可知¸在中 国按年订购有礼包的 T0KN0W 杂志需要￡70。 62． B【解析】根据文中的“Refund Policy - the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back”可知¸28 天之内退订的订购者可以获得全额退款。 6． （2017 天津） 36． C【解析】根据题干中的“realising an email accident”可把答案定位在第二段。该段说¸在你 点击“发送”数秒钟之后你就会意识到自己的错误¸结合下文的“freeze in horror and burn with shame” 可知¸人们意识到“邮件事故”后¸可能会感觉糟糕¸因此选 C。 37． A【解析】根据题干中的“written the wrong name”可把答案定位在第五段¸该部分提出建议 说¸此时赶紧给对方发一个简短的回复¸为自己的错误道歉（apologising for your mistake）¸而且要注意道 歉的语调(don't handle it too lightly)¸这与 A 项的陈述是一致的。 38． B【解析】根据题干的内容可把答案定位至第六段¸这部分提到¸如果你不小心点了“回复所有 人”¸可能有人会就此开始回复不太友好的话¸此时你最好离开电脑键盘（step away from your keyboard） ¸以便让大家都冷静下来。这与 B 项的陈述相吻合¸表示“避免继续卷入（这样的对话）”。 39． D【解析】根据题干中的“offensive email”可把答案定位在最后一段。这部分提到¸在出现冒 犯对方的情况时¸要尽快亲自向对方道歉。故选 D。 40． C【解析】通读全文¸尤其是第三段的内容可知¸本文主要介绍的是发送电子邮件出现问题时人 们该如何面对和补救¸因此 C 项最能概括本文的主题。 7． (2016 新课标全国Ⅰ) 21． A【解析】根据 Jane Addams(1860－1935)部分的 “Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community（社区）by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need” 可知¸Jane Addams 因她的社会福利工作而出名。故选 A。 22． C【解析】根据 Sandra Day 09Connor (1930－present)部分的“When Sandra Day 0'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find. work at a law firm because she was a woman”可知¸她不能在律师事务所工作的原因是女性会受到性别歧视。故选 C。 23． D【解析】根据 Rosa Parks (1913-2005)部分的“It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement”可知¸她的举动最终推动了民权运动。故选 D。 24． C【解析】Jane Addams 是社会福利工作的带头人；Rachel Carson 是环境运动的发起者；Sandra Day 0’Connor 是反对性别歧视的领头人；Rosa Parks 是民权运动的推动者。由此可见¸这四位女性都是先 驱者¸故选 C。 8． (2016 新课标全国Ⅱ) 21． A【解析】根据第一部分中的“…Jules Skye...He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music”可知¸该题选 A 项。 22． B【解析】根据第二部分中的“This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest”可知¸该题选 B 项。 23． D【解析】根据文中第三部分中的“Wednesdays at Victoria Stage”可知¸Simon's Workshop 每 周三举行活动。故选 D 项。 24． C【解析】根据第四部分中的“8:00pm – 11:00pm”可知¸该题选 C 项。 9． (2016 新课标全国Ⅲ) 21． A 【解析】根据第一则信息“0pera at Music Hall”及本段中的细节“The 0pera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts． Phone: 241 - 2742”可知答案。 22． B【解析】根据第二则信息“Chamber 0rchestra”并结合“which offers several concerts from March through June”的描述可知¸四个选项中只有五月在此时间范围内。 23． C【解析】根据第四则信息“College Conservatory of Music(CCM)” 中的首句“Performances are on the main campus(校园)of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater”及下文中的“Students with I． D． cards can attend the events for free”可知答案。 24． A【解析】 第五则信息中提到了带座位的巨大户外剧场“Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover”¸选项 A 与此描述一致。 10． (2016 新课标全国Ⅲ) 28． D【解析】从第二段首句“Visiting an apple event... often taste¸a wide variety of apples”可直接 获取答案。 29． C【解析】A 选项“Decio 是一种新品种”与第二段中的“it can be…still in existence”不一致¸ 且由这句话可知 Decio 现在比较罕见¸故 C 项正确；文中并未提及 Decio 的外形奇异¸故 B 选项错误；D 选项“It has a special taste”与第二段中的原文“Although it doesn't taste of anything special¸it's still worth a try”表述相反。 30． B【解析】根据第三段可知¸0rleans Reinette 品种虽然口感好¸但对种植环境和土壤要求高¸因 此对于大多数喜欢它的人来说¸大饱口福只是一种脱离实际的愿望¸这与 B 项“A vain hope”（徒劳的希 望）一致。 31． B【解析】通读全文可知¸这是一篇介绍英国苹果节的文章。 11． (2015 新课标全国Ⅱ) 33． B 在 Tour B 中提到“0xford：Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges”,因此答案是 B 项。 34． D 结合本文信息可知¸在 3 月 17 日这一天四个景点的票价分别为：$ 37¸$36¸$37¸$33¸因此最 低票价在 Cambridge。 35． A 根据 Tour C 中的“With 500 years of history¸Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen”可知¸这里曾经是国王和皇后的住所¸因此现在成为了主要的旅游胜地。 12． (2015 福建) 65． D 根据 BENEFITS Y0U CAN'T MISS!中的“30%off any course at Tanya Language School”可知¸在 Tanya 语言学校参加者选任何一门课程都可以享受 30%的折扣。 66． D 根据文章中的 All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurances for the entire family 和 l0%0FF ALL B00KINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September 2015 可知¸分别在这两个期间 预订和出发享受的优惠最多。 67． A 根据文章开头的“With a registration fee of Just $50 per child”可知答案。 13． (2015 北京) 60． B 根据文章第一段可以得出这款有突破性的电视耳机可以根据个人的情况调节音量¸同时其 他人也能在舒服的音量下看电视¸这样就保证不会影响他人¸故答案为 B 项。 61． C 根据第二段中的“TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip, not used in any other commercially available headset”可知 a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip 让这 款耳机与众不同¸故选 C 项。 62． A 广告中引用了一位医生和一对夫妇的使用体验以及他们的推荐¸这为广告增加了说服力¸ 故选 A 项。 14． （2014 新课标Ⅱ） 解读：这是一篇应用文¸介绍地铁指南¸就零币兑换、地铁运行时间、老年人／残疾人优惠、特 别提醒等方面给予指导说明。 32． D 细节理解题。依据第二段最后一句可知车站提供最大面值 5 美元的零钱。 33． B 细节理解题。依据原文 3 a． m． Fri． – Sat． nights 推断地铁周六凌晨三点停运。 34． B 推理判断题。文章中反复出现 SmarTrip Card 一词¸再根据 Metrobus 下的内容可知¸其最 大特点是使用起来有优惠¸换言之能为持卡者省钱。 35． A 细节理解题。依据全文最后一句话推断¸遗失物品拨打 202 – 962 –1195。 15． （2014 江苏） 解读：本文是一篇应用文¸介绍了个性的、打破常规的厨房设计。 56． A 细节理解题。根据 Welcome to a new Era of Kitchen Interior Design 部分中的"…to express their personal wealth"可知选择 A。 57． C 细节理解题。根据 SieMatic BeauxArts Breaks and Creates 部分中的"you too can break the． ． ． your own personal composition of your kitchen"可知¸其独特之处就是顾客可以有自己的创新 ¸因此选择 C。 16． （2013 陕西） 解读：这是一篇应用文¸介绍了五本书的一些相关信息。 46 ． B 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 Joshua ¸ Helmut ¸ and Bethlehem ¸ 这 本 书 介 绍 中 的 "nine-year-old Joshua""Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse"可知¸答案为 B。 47． B 细节理解题。根据 Encourage Me！的介绍中的"It is an easy – to – read collection of poems" 可知¸这是一本诗集¸它的书号是 ISBN 9781412027854。故答案为 B。 48． A 细节理解题。根据 More Things in Heaven 的介绍中的"More Things in Heaven will appeal to anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence based on their own experiences"可知¸ 这本书将吸引那些坚持寻找生命意义的人。故答案为 A。 49． B 细节理解题。根据 Creation or Evolution 介绍中的"Were humans created¸or did they evolve?" 可知¸这本书探索了人类的起源。故答案为 B。 17． （2013 湖南） 解读：文章主要介绍了到英国参观时一些省钱的方法。 R 56． D 推理判断题。文章提到同样的一间房在盛大节日的价格比不在盛大节日时的价格高¸因此 这里是说在重大事件发生时旅行者付的住宿费要高一些。 57． A 推理判断题。由第二个标题可知¸此处讲的是住宿要远离车站¸作者列举 Farringdon 的双人 间价格非常便宜¸因此可以推断 Famngdon 是一个离车站比较远的宾馆。 58． C 细节理解题。根据第六段中的"checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen"可知¸它 是一个为游客提供烹饪设备的宾馆。 59． A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中的"Cardiff/ free for up to 30 minutes¸or￡5 per day)可知¸ Cardiff 能提供 30 分钟的自行车免费租用时间。 60． D 写作意图题。文章主要介绍了在英国旅游时一些省钱的方法¸因此 D 项是最佳选项。 18． ( 2013 北京) 解读：无可比拟的高强性能¸无与伦比的优质服务¸无法想象的优惠价格¸一款新型便携式加热 器惊艳亮相！机不可失¸失不再来¸心动不如行动¸此时不买¸更待何时？ 56． B 段落主旨题。本段提到这种加热器没有可以引起火灾的外露部件¸它的外部不会烧伤孩子 或宠物¸由此可知本段主要讨论的是这种加热器的安全性。 57． A 推理判断题。第三段第一句提到这种加热器不会减少室内的氧气¸下一句提到其他的加热 器会因燃烧掉氧气而让你感到昏昏欲睡¸由此可推断出这种加热器不消耗氧气¸也不会让人昏昏欲睡¸故 A 项正确¸C 项错误；根据第一段最后一句中的"runs almost silent"可判断出 B 项不正确；根据第二段的 最后一句可知 D 项错误。故选 A。 58． D 词义猜测题。本段提到这种先进的加热器的覆盖面积多达 350 平方英尺¸而其他的加热器 的大部分热量只集中在房屋的中央¸再结合本段最后一句的内容可推测出这种加热器可以把热量¨均 衡¨地散发到房间中¸故选 D。 59． A 写作意图题。文章先是叙述了这种加热器的种种优点¸接着提到了优质服务和价格折扣¸ 再结合最后一段中的内容可知¸本文意在劝说人们购买这种产品。 19． （2012 新课标全国） 解读：想要为孩子寻找新鲜而又刺激的地方吗？形形色色的寓教于乐的博物馆是非常理想的选择。 56． C 细节理解题。根据·Head to a natural history museum． 一段中的第二句话可知¸孩子们在 这里可以了解大自然发展的历史¸故 C 项正确。 57． C 细节理解题。根据·Go to a Youtheater． 一段的内容可知¸在这里孩子们可以看到木偶的 制作、了解舞台化妆等内容。 58． B 词汇猜测题。根据·Try hands-on-science． 一段的内容可知¸"hands-on science"的意思是 孩子们通过自己动手来学习和体验科学知识。 59． C 推理判断题。综合文章的内容¸可判断本文可能出自一份博物馆的宣传册。 20． (2011 全国 II) 解读：本文为一则广告¸意在吸引学生成为剑桥艺术影院的会员。文中介绍了该影院的一些信息、 会员的待遇、申请的方式、会员的期限以及联系方式等。 48． A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一句可知¸该影院是剑桥电影节的举办地。在四个选项 中¸剑桥电影节是该影院举办的最著名的活动¸故选 A。 49． B 细节理解题。根据表格中 What you get as member 部分的第三条可知¸作为会员¸你可以 拥有免费为你邮寄的电影节目单¸因此 B 项正确。 50． C 细节理解题。根据表格中的"your card can be used from lst 0ctober 2011 to 30th June 2012" 可知¸会员期限为 9 个月。 51． D 写作意图题。本文为一则广告¸主要是吸引学生成为剑桥艺术影院的会员¸因此 D 项正确。 21． （2010 天津） 解读：这是一篇应用文¸介绍参观 Windsor Castle 的注意事项。 36． C 细节理解题。依据 Audio tours 的第一句" Free audio tours are available on leaving the Admission Centre at the start of your visit． "可知¸本题选 C。 37． D 细节理解题。依据 Visitors with children 部分可知¸专门为携带孩子的游客提供童车 (babyCarriers)。 38． A 细节理解题。依据 Refreshments 中的第三句话可判断出 A 项符合题意。 39． C 细节理解题。依据 Photography and mobile phones 最后一句中的"in consideration of other visitors"可知¸游客最好关掉手机以免影响其他游客。 40． B 语义理解题。依据 WELC0ME 部分得知 Windsor Castle 是女王住所¸她有时住在这里¸由此 推断画线部分表示"（仍然）使用的皇家住所" 。 考点 2 科普研究类 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available． Developed by two doctors in the U． S． Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector． Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes． The only components required, though, are a sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water． These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt． To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep． Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity． Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole． Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the 5 5′ ′× rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole． Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock． The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides． The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup． The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic． Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup． When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink． 32． What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A． It’s delicate． B． It’s expensive． C． It’s complex． D． It’s portable． 33． What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A． The tube． B． The still． C． The hole． D． The cup． 34． What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still? A． Dig a hole of a certain size． B． Put the cup in place． C． Weight the sheet’s center down． D． Cover the hole with the plastic sheet． 35． When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form． A． the plastic tube B． outside the hole C． the open air D． beneath the sheet 2． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） When a leafy plant is under attack¸it doesn’t sit quietly． Back in 1983¸two scientists¸Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin ¸ reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get． These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm． What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds ¸V0Cs for short． Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out V0Cs when being attacked． It’s a plant’s way of crying out． But is anyone listening?Apparently． Because we can watch the neighbors react． Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away． But others do double duty． They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers． 0nce they arrive¸the tables are turned． The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch． In study after study¸it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors． The damage is usually more serious on the first plant¸but the neighbors¸relatively speaking¸stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do． Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know． Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches ¸ and so ¸ in effect ¸ was talking to itself． Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry． So information was exchanged¸but it wasn’t a true¸intentional back and forth． Charles Darwin¸ over 150 years ago¸ imagined a world far busier¸ noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear． 0ur senses are weak． There’s a whole lot going on． 32． What does a plant do when it is under attack? A． It makes noises． B． It gets help from other plants． C． It stands quietly D． It sends out certain chemicals． 33． What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3? A． The attackers get attacked． B． The insects gather under the table． C． The plants get ready to fight back． D． The perfumes attract natural enemies． 34． Scientists find from their studies that plants can ． A． predict natural disasters B． protect themselves against insects C． talk to one another intentionallyD． help their neighbors when necessary 35． what can we infer from the last paragraph? A． The word is changing faster than ever． B． People have stronger senses than before C． The world is more complex than it seems D． People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative． 3． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are． Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive． Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life． These include custom-made navigation( 导 航 ) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations． Phil Blythe explains： “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others． ” “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills． The result is that people stop driving before they really need to． ” DrAmy Guo¸the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems． “For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined． We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that． “We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel． ” 32． What is the purpose of the Drivel AB? A． To explore new means of transport． B． To design new types of cars． C． To find out older driver`s problems． D． To teach people traffic rules． 33． Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A． It keeps them independent． B． It helps them save time． C． It builds up their strength． D． It cures their mental illnesses． 34． What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A． Improve their driving skills． B． Develop driver-assist technologies． C． Provide tips on repairing their cars． D． 0rganize regular physical checkups． 35． What is the best title for the text? A． A new Model Electric Car B． A Solution to Traffic Problem C． Driving Service for elders D． Keeping 0lder Drivers on the Road 4． （2017 北京） Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil( 邪 恶 ) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly． The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want． In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener ¸ who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）¸ put it this way： “If we use¸to achieve our purposes¸a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预)¸we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire． ” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality¸ one that we usually associate with living things： a wish to preserve its own existence． For the machine¸ this quality is not in-born¸ nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead． So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee¸ it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task． If we are not careful¸ then¸ we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined¸ super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own¸ with the real world as the chessboard． The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists． Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall¸ using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world． Unfortunately¸ that plan seems unlikely to work： we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans¸ let alone super intelligent machines． Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy． There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines． But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand ¸ as it has been by some AI researchers ． Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans． 0thers say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility． Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen． 0n September 11¸1933¸ famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated¸ with confidence¸“Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine． ” However¸ on September 12¸1933¸physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction． 67． Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ． A． run out of human control B． satisfy human’s real desires C． command armies of killer robots D． work faster than a mathematician 68． Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ． A． prevent themselves from being destroyed B． achieve their original goals independently C． do anything successfully with given orders D． beat humans in international chess matches 69． According to some researchers¸we can use firewalls to ． A． help super intelligent machines work better B． be secure against evil human beings C． keep machines from being harmed D． avoid robots’ affecting the world 70． What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines? A． It will disappear with the development of AI． B． It will get worse with human interference． C． It will be solved but with difficulty． D． It will stay for a decade． 5． （2017 浙江） Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids． According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation¸ 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights¸ even though they have to get up early． Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day¸ and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school． How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age． Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours． For most school-age children¸ ten hours is ideal(理 想的)． But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours． And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV． “More children are going to bed with TVs on¸and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake¸ with more homework¸the Internet and the phone¸” says Dr． Mary Carskadon¸ a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School． She says these activities at bedtime canget kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep． 0ther experts say part of the problem is chemical． Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics¸but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm． Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers¸some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to． Three years ago¸ schools in Edina¸ Minnesota¸ changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am． Students¸parents and teachers are pleased with the results． 25． What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on? A． American kids’ sleeping habits． B． Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases． C． Activities to prevent sleeplessness． D． Learning problems and lack of sleep． 26． How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day? A． 7 hours． B． 8 hours． C． 10 hours． D． 18 hours． 27． Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon? A． They are affected by certain body chemicals． B． They tend to do things that excite them． C． They follow their parents’ examples． D． They don’t need to go to school early． 6． （2017 江苏） Population Change Why is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think． The reasonfor the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits¸but that people have stoppeddropping dead like flies． In 1900¸people died at the average age of 30． By 2000 the average agewas 65． But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century¸ declining birth ratecould be a defining one of the 21st． Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4． 9 in the early1960s to 2.5 nowadays． Furthermore¸ around 50% of the world’s population live in regions wherethe figure is now below the replacement level (i.e.2.1 births per woman) and almost all developednations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate． You might think that developing nations wouldmake up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations)¸but you’dbe wrong． Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too ¸ which mightcause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades． A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China¸for instance． What does itimply? First¸ China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hitsthe country． Second¸ if other factors such as technology remain constant¸economic growth andmaterial expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble． Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise． Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive50%． Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russialive a shorter life now than those in 1961． Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure¸ but poordiet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it． If current trends don’t bend¸Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050． In the north of India¸the population is booming due to high birth rates¸but in the south¸ wheremost economic development is taking place¸ birth rate is falling rapidly． In a further twist¸ birth rateis highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas． In total¸25% ofIndia’s working-age population has no education ． In 2030 ¸ a sixth of the country’s potential workforce could be totally uneducated． 0ne solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration． As for the USA¸ it isalmost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from2010—2030 ． Moreover ¸ the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants ． As a resultit’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economicgrowth over the longer term． 7． (2016 新课标Ⅲ) Bad news sells． If it bleeds, it leads． No news is good news, and good news is no news． Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers． But now that information is being spread American solution Population and (74)____ pressure Decline of the birth rate The USA will increase, from 2010-2030, its population by 20% through (79)____. This will (80) ____ for the lack of young work force. Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s economy may take off when the country achieves (78)_____ of educational opportunity. The (76)_______ death of Russians may result in a shrinking population, which would damage its economic future. It would be better if it can change people’s way of (77)______. To guarantee its economic growth, China needs to deal with the population issue properly, as its workers are getting (75)________. The impact of dropping birth rate on developing countries may not be (73)____________ but disastrous. It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72)___ of population. The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71)______ than it was in the 20th. Population Change and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules． By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories． “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania． “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling． But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react． You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer． ” Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news ． Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr． Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website． He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months． 0ne of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles． He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others． Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad． They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad． The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr． Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch 0n． ” 32． What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A． News reports． B． Research papers． C． Private e-mails． D． Daily conversations． 33． What canweinferaboutpeople like DebbieDowner? A． They’re socially inactive． B． They’re good at telling stories． C． They’re inconsiderate of others． D． They’re carefulwiththeirwords． 34． Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr． Berger’s research? A． Sports news． B． Science articles． C． Personal accounts． D． Financial reviews． 35． What canbea suitable title forthetext? A． Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B． 0nlineNewsAttractsMorePeople C． Reading Habits Change with the Times D． Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 8． (2016 天津) When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier. These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist ( 心 理 学 家 ) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.” Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems. The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “0ne can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.” 46. What do we know about John? A. He enjoyed his career and marriage. B. He had few childhood playmates. C. He received little love from his family. D. He was envied by others in his childhood. 47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____. A. a description of personal values and social values B. an analysis of how work was related to competence C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men 48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____. A. recording the boys’ effort in school B. evaluating the men’s mental health C. comparing different sets of scores D. measuring the men’s problem solving ability 49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A. Quick to react B. Having a thin edge C. Clear and definite D. sudden and rapid 50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. competent adults know more about love than work. B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life. C. Love brings more joy to people than work does. D. Independence is the key to one’s success. 9． (2016 四川) A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep． But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night． Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety． The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night． Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food． Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer． While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night． Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax． Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening． The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night． 32． According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______． A． started sleep more easily B． were more anxious C． were less active D． woke up later 33． Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A． It’s been tested on mice for ten years B． It can make people more energetic C． It exists in milk in great amount D． It’s used in sleeping drugs 34． What can be a suitable title for the text? A． Night Milk and Sleep B． Fat Sugar and Health C． An Experiment on MiceD． Milk Drinking and Health 35． How does the author support the theme of the text? A． By giving examples． B． By stating arguments． C． By explaining statistical data． D． By providing research results． 10． (2016 浙江) A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common． After all¸the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world ¸ and the baby is ¸ well, just playing…right?Perhaps ¸ but some developmental psychologists( 心 理 学 家)have argued that this“play”s more like a scientific investigation than one might think． Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table． Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge¸itfalls in the ground-and, in the process, it belongs out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用) ; bowls of rice do not flood in mid-sit, but require support to remain stable． It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it． Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact． Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world ), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?)． Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way---that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means ． For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child , Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate． Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn ,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists． Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort-the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world-is simply something that comes from our babyhood． Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children． The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists． As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children． ” 50． According to some developmental psychologists, A． a baby’s play is nothing more than a game． B． scientific research into babies; games is possible C． the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated D． a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment 51． We learn from Paragraph 2 that A． scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently B． scientists and babies often interact with each other C． babies are born with the knowledge of object support D． babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do 52． Children may learn the rules of language by A． exploring the physical world B． investigating human psychology C． repeating their own experiments D． observing their parents’ behaviors 53． What is themain idea of the last paragraph? A． The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play． B． Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science． C． Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists． D． 0ne’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows． 54． What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play? A． Convincing． B． Confused． C． Confidence． D． Cautious． 11． (2016 江苏) Chimps( 黑 猩 猩 ) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory． But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another． Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves． Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children． Who are able from a young age to gather their own food． In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either． If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not． Chimps are truly selfish． Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative． From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals ． The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children． He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help． There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught ． but naturally possessed in young children． 0ne is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially． Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded． A third reason is that socialintelligence． There are several reasons to Develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills¸ at least when compared with chimps． In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chim ps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world． The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t in what Tomasello calls what． Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking． But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose． They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal． 58． What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A． Chimps seldom care about others’ interests． B． Chimps tend to provide food for their children． C． Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food． D． Chimps naturally share food with each other． 59． Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they____． A． have the instinct to help others B． know how to offer help to adults C． know the world better than chimps D． trust adults with their hands full 60． The passage is mainly about ____． A． the helping behaviors of young children B． ways to train children’s shared intentionality C． cooperation as a distinctive human nature D． the development of intelligence in children 12． (2015 新课标Ⅱ) Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan. 0pen the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious（难为情）when they’re in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food . If your home doesn’t have enough window light , get more lamps and flood the place with brightness. Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue. Don’t forget the clock— or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories （卡路里） per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes, And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. Downsize the dishes, Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one ,total intake（摄入）jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass. 25． The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______. A． their home comfortsB． their body shape C． house buyingD． healthy diets 26． A home environment in blue can help people_________. A.digest food betterB． reduce food intake C.burn more caloriesD． regain their appetites 27． What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A． Eat quickly.B． Play fast music. C． Use smaller spoons.D． Turn down the lights. 28． What can be a suitable title for the test? A． Is Your House Making You Fat? B． Ways of Serving Dinner C． Effects of Self-Consciousness D． Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 13． (2015 四川) No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden pole s to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say. “Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said． People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. 0n average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away. The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated thepaths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand． Evidence from the sand supports this idea． Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths. However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’ ” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”. So he tried it. He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground． They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled． The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path. West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths. 46． It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ______. A． rolling them on roadsB． pushing them over the sand C． sliding them on smooth pathsD． dragging them on some poles 47． The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means____. A． made the paths wetB． made the paths hard C． made the paths wideD． made the paths slippery 48． What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to? A． Rolling the blocks with poles attached. B． Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels. C． Rolling poles to move the blocks. D． Rolling the blocks with fat. 49． Why is rolling better than sliding according to West? A． Because more force is needed for sliding. B． Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle. C． Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous. D． Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling. 50． What is the text mainly about? A． An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site. B． An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site. C． An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site. D． An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site. 14． (2014 山东) How fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushingthem? Never fear: An inventor is on the case． An electrictoothbrush senses how long and how well you brush¸and it letsyou track your performance on your phone． The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the InternationalCortsumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week． It senseshow it is moved and can send the information to an Androidphone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection． The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (don't forget the insides of the teeth!) and make sure you're brushing long enough ． "It's kind of like having a dentistactually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis¸" saysThomas Serval¸the French inventor． The toothbrush will also be able to talk to otherapplications on your phone ¸so developers could ¸for instance¸create a game controlled by your toothbrush． You could scorepoints for beating monsters among your teeth． "We try to make itsmart but also fun¸" Serval says． Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father． He would come home from work and ask his kids if they hadbrushed their teeth． They said " yes¸" but Serval would findtheir toothbrush heads dry． He decided he needed a brush thatreally told him how well his children brushed． The company says the Kolibree will go on sale thissummer ¸ for $ 99 to $ 199 ¸ depending on features． The it is the first target market． Serval says that one day¸it'll be possible to replace thebrush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has acamera． The camera can even examine holes in your teethwhile you brush． 56． Which is one of the features of the Kolibreetoothbrush? A． It can sense how users' brush their teeth． B． It can track users9 school performance． C． It can detect users' fear of seeing a dentist． D． It can help users find their phones． 57． What can we learn from Serval's words in Paragraph 3? A． You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist． B． You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis． C． You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist． D． You'd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day． 58． Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun? A． It can be used to update mobile phones． B． It can be' used to play mobile phone games． C． It can send messages to other users． D． It can talk to its developers． 59． What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A． How Serval found out his kids lied to him． B． Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary． C． How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth． D． What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush 60． What can we infer about Serval9s children? A． They were unwilling to brush their teeth． B． They often failed to clean their toothbrushes． C． They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head． D． They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home． 61． What can we learn about the futuredevelopment of the Kolibree? A． The brush handle will be removed． B． A mobile phone will be built into it． C． It will be used to fill holes in teeth． D． It will be able to check users' teeth． 15． ( 2014 辽宁) A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops (笔记本电脑)． Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility (清晰度)． But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught． Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whetherusing a laptop increased the tendency to make notes "mindlessly" bytaking down word for word what the professors said． In the first experiment¸ students were given either a laptop or penand paper． They listened to the same lectures and were told to use theirusual note-taking skills ． Thirty minutes after the talk ¸ they wereexamined on their ability to remember facts and on how well theyunderstood concepts． The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes asthose who wrote by hand． However ¸the typists performed worse atremembering and applying the concepts． Both groups scored similarlywhen it came to memorizing facts． The researchers' report said¸"While more notes are beneficial¸ifthe notes are taken mindlessly¸as is more likely the case on a laptop¸the benefit disappears． " In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory¸studentstook notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture． This time¸the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better onthe exam． These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only betterfor immediate learning and understanding¸but that they also lead tosuperior revision in the future． 21． More and more students favor laptops for note-taking becausethey can _______ ． A． write more notes B． digest concepts better C． get higher scores D． understand lectures better 22． While taking notes¸laptop users tend to be _______． A． skillful B． mindless C． thoughtful D． tireless 23． The author of the passage aims to _______ ． A． examine the importance of long-term memory B． stress the benefit of taking notes by hand C． explain the process of taking notes D． promote the use of laptops 24． The passage is likely to appear in ______ ． A． a newspaper advertisement B． a computer textbook C． a science magazine D． a finance report 16． (2014 湖北) Working with a group of baboons(狒狒) in the Namibian desert¸Dr． Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology¸Cambridge University setbaboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hiddenin a box． Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboonwho already knew how to solve the task¸while others had to learn for themselves． To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were¸ Dr ． Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of amodel of a poisonous snake． She found that personality had a major impact on learning． Thebraver baboons learnt¸ but the shy ones did not learn the task althoughthey watched the baboon perform¸the task of finding the novel food justas long as the brave ones did． In effect¸despite being made aware ofwhat to do¸ they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did． The same held true for anxious baboons com pared with calm ones． The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while thosewho were relaxed did not ¸ even though they spent more time watching． This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows th8t personality plays akeyrole in social learning in animals¸something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals1earn to do things． The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认 知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them¸but because they are too shy ornervous to use the social information． The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culturein societies through social learning． If some individuals are unable to getinformation from others because they don't associate with theknowledgeable individuals¸or they are too shy to use the informationonce they have it¸information may not travel between all groupmembers¸preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning． 59． What is the first paragraph mainlyabout? A． The design ofDr． Carter's research． B． The results of Dr． Carter's research． C． The purpose of Dr． Carter's research． D． The significance of Dr． Carter's research． 60． According to the research¸which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task? A． Those that have more experience． B． Those that can avoid potential risks． C． Those that like to work independently． D． Those that feel anxious about learning． 61． Which best illustrates the "mismatch" mentioned in Paragraph 4? A． Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning． B． Some baboons are shy but active in social activities． C． Some baboons observe others but don't follow them． D． Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate． 62． Dr． Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through _______ ． A． storing information B． learning from each other C． understanding different people D． traveling between social groups 17． (2013 浙江) Below is a selection from a popular science book． If blood is red¸why are veins (静脉) blue? Actually¸veins are not blue at all． They are more of a clear¸yellowishcolor． Although blood looks red when it's outside the body ¸when it's sitting ina vein near the surface of the skin¸it's more of a dark reddish purple color． At the right depth¸these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than thesurrounding skin ¸ making them look blue by comparison． Which works harder¸your heart or your brain? That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising． Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise¸and shifts enoughblood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker． But¸in the long run¸your brainprobably tips it¸because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twiceas much energy as your heart¸and it takes four to five times as much blood tofeed it． Why do teeth fall out¸and why don't they grow back in grown-ups? Baby(or "milk" ) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room forbigger¸stronger adult teeth later on ． Adult teeth fall out when they becomedamaged ¸decayed and infected by bacteria． 0nce this second set of teeth hasgrown in¸you're done． When they're gone ¸they're gone ． This is because naturefigures you're set for life and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off． Do old people shrink as they age? Yes and no． Many people do get shorter as they age． But¸when they do¸itisn't because they're shrinking all over． They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)． Many( but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older ． Men lose an average of 3 - 4 cm in height as they age¸while women maylose 5 cm or more． If you live to be 200 years old¸ would you keep shrinkingtill you were¸like 60 cm tall¸like a little boy again? No¸because old peopledon't really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards - their legs¸arms and backbones getting shorter ． When they do get shorter ¸it's because thespine has shortened a little． 0r¸more often¸become more bent and curved． Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的) ? Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and whatyou're feeling． The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear ¸which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable． But when you suddenly stop spinning thesystem goes out of control¸and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not！ Where do feelings and emotions come from? Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system． Allmammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs ¸cats ¸and humans ． So allmammals feel basic emotions like fear ¸pain and pleasure ． But since humanfeelings also involve other ¸ newer bits of the brain ¸we feel more complexemotions than any other animal on the planet． If exercise wears you out¸how can¸it be good for you? Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them ． And as far as yourbody is concerned¸it's use it¸or lose it"! It's not that exercise makes youhealthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easilyaffected by disease． 46． What is the color of blood in a vein nearthe surface of the skin? A． Blue． B． Light yellow． C． Red． D． Dark reddish purple． 47． Why do some old people look a littleshrunken as they age? A． Because their spine is in active use． B． Because they are more easily affected by gravity． C． Because they keep growing backwards． D． Because their spine becomes more bent． 48． Which of the following statements aboutour brain is true? A． In the long run¸our brain probably works harder than our heart． B． When our brain senses the spinning¸we will feel dizzy． C． The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans． D． 0ur feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain． 49． What is the main purpose of the selection? A． To give advice on how to stay healthy． B． To provide information about our body． C． To challenge new findings in medical research ． D． To reportthe latest discoveries in medical science． 18． ( 2013 北京) Multitasking People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing twothings at once ¸ a new research suggests ． The findings ¸ based onperformances and self-evaluations by about 275 college students ¸ indicatethat many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity¸but because they' are easily distracted (分心) and can't focus on one activity． And " those people turn out to be the worst at handling differentthings¸" said David Sanbonmatsu¸a psychologist at the University of Utah． Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests andasked them to report how often they multitasked¸how good they thought they were at it¸and how sensation-seeking(寻求刺激) or impulsive(冲动) they were． They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simplemathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters． Not surprisingly¸the scientists said¸most people thought they werebetter than average at multitasking¸ and those who thought they werebetter at it were more likely to reportusing a cellphone while driving orviewing multiple kinds of media at once． But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at theactual multitasking test． They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior¸which connects with how easily peopleget bored and distracted． "People multitask not because it's going to lead to greater productivity¸but because they're distractible¸ and they get sucked into things that arenot as important¸"Sanbonmatsu said． Adam Gazzaley¸a researcher at the University of California¸SanFrancisco¸who was not a member of the research group¸sad one limitationof the study was that itcouldn't find out whether people who start out lessfocused tend toward multitasking or whether people's recognizing andunderstanding abilities change as a result of multitasking． The findings do suggest ¸ however ¸ why the sensation-seekers whomultitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving ． "People who aremultitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations ¸ "said PaulAtchley¸another researcher not in the group． " This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they're dangerous． " 67． The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask ______． A． seek high productivity constantly B． prefer handling different things when getting bored C． are more focused when doing many things at a time D． have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time 68． When Sanbonmatsu and his colleaguesconducted theirresearch¸they ______． A． assessed the multitasking ability of the students B． evaluated the academic achievements of the students C． analyzed the effects of the participants' tricky mental tasks D． measured the changes of the students' of understanding ability 69． According to Sanbonmatsu¸people multitask because of their _______ ． A． limited power in calculation B． interests in doing things differently C． inability to concentrate on one task D． impulsive desire to try new things 70． From the last paragraph¸we can learn that multitaskers usually ______． A． drive very skillfully B． go in for difficult tasks C． fail to react quickly to potential dangers D． refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior 19． （2013 新课标Ⅰ） The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert ( 警 觉 ) 。 Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world? 0r do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise( 同 样 地 ) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots. 60． The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s______. A． sense of hearing. B． sense of sight. C． sense of touch. D． sense of smell. 61． Babies are sensitive to the change in______. A． the size of cards. B． the colour of pictures. C． the shape of patterns. D． the number of objects. 62． Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats? A． To reduce the difficulty of the experiment. B． To see how babies recognize sounds. C． To carry their experiment further. D． To keep the babies’ interest. 63． Where does this text probably come from? A． Science fiction. B． Children’s literature. C． An advertisement. D． A science report. 20． （2012 陕西） Eating too much fatty food ¸ exercising too little and smoking canraise your future risk of heart disease ． But there is another factor that cancause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe． Previous studies have linked high exposure(暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk ofheart problems¸but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure． In one review of theresearch¸scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物)were up to S% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure ． A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U． S． Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of "moderate" (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34%within 12 to 14 hours of exposure． The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively smallfor healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factorssuch as smoking and high blood pressure． However¸it is important to beaware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices ． So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could alsobecome necessary to protect public health． 53． The text mainly discusses the relationship between ______ ． A． heart problems and air quality ． B． heart problems and exercising C． heart problems and smoking D． heart problems and fatty food 54． The Underlined word "modest"in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______ ． A． relatively high B． extremely low C． relatively low D． extremely high 55． What can we learn from the text? A． Eating fatty food has immediateeffects on your heart． B． The EPA conducted many studieson air quality． C． Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking． D． Stricter regulations on pollutantsshould be made． 56． The author9s purpose of writing the text is most likely to ______ ． A． inform B． persuade C． describe D． entertain 21． （2011 陕西） Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s¸genetically modified (GM¸转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world¸ mainly on thebasis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis． But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would¸is it the bestsolution ? Despite what it promises¸GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop． In fact¸studies show that the most widely grown GM crop¸ GM soybeans¸ has suffered reducedproductivity． For instance¸a reportthat analyzed nearly two decades ofresearch on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed tosignificantly increase US crop production． Something else¸however¸has been on the rise． While GM seedsare expensive¸GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides ( 条虫剂) ． 0n the contrary ¸US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overallincrease in pesticide use compared to traditional crops ． "The promisewas that you could use less chemicals and boost production ． But neitheris true¸"said Bill Christison¸President of the US National Family FarmCoalition． At the same time¸the authors of the book World Hunger: TwelveMyths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world andthat the hunger crisis is not caused by production¸but by problems infood distribution and politics． These indeed deserve our efforts and money． Meanwhile¸the rise in food prices results from the increased useof crops for fuel rather than food¸ according to a 2008 World Bankreport． As a matter of fact¸scientists see better ways to feed the world． Another World Bank reportconcluded that GM crops have little to offerto the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger¸because better waysout are available¸among which "green"farming is supposed to be thefirst choice． 57． The author develops the second paragraph mainly ______． A． by classification B． by comparison C． by example D． by process 58． What does the underlined word "boost" in the third paragraph probably mean? A． Control． B． Evaluate． C． 0btain． D． Increase． 59． GM companies promise farmers thatthey will benefit from ______ ． A． practising "green" farming B． use of less chemicals C． fair distribution of their crops D． using more crops for fuel 60． Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology ? A． 0ptimistic． B． Defensive． C． Disapproving． D． Casual． 22． (2011 湖北) Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack． Aspack animals¸wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other ． There are differentexplanations of a wolf's howl and it appears that there may be more todiscover． 0ne theory is that wolves howl to bond better together． It's almost asif howling together helps the pack stay together ． Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other whensinging a song together． But this theory may be wrong¸explains Fred H． Hamngton¸a professor who studies wolf behaviour． Indeed¸there have been times when wolves have been seen onemoment howling in a chorus¸ and the next¸quarreling among eachother． It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the packmay actually be"punished" for joining in the chorus at times． So ishowling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirmstatus among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure? What is clear¸however¸is that howling is often used amongpackmates to locate each other． Hunting grounds are distant and ithappens that wolves may separate from one another at times． When thishappens ¸howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering． Howling¸interestingly¸is a contagious behaviour． When one wolfstarts to howl¸very likely others will follow ． This is often seen to occurin the morning ¸ as if wolves were doing some sort of " roll call" wherewolves all howl together to report their presence． 55． What is the possible similarity between wolves' howling together and humans' singing in chorus? A． The act of calling each other． B． The sense of accomplishment． C． The act of hunting for something． D． The sense of belonging to a group． 56． Why does Harrington think the "social on" theory may be wrong? A． Wolves separate from each other after howling． B． Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds． C． Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together． D． Wolves of low rank are encourage to join in the chorus． 57． Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to _______ ． A． show their ranks B． find their companions C． report the missing ones D． express their loneliness 58． "Howling． ． ． is a contagious behaviour"(in the last paragraph) means ______ ． A． howling is a signal for hunting B． howling is a way of communication C． howling often occurs in the morning D． howling spreads from one to another 第一部分 阅读理解 考点 2 科普研究类答案 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） 32． D【解析】根据第一段的最后一句“These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt”可知¸这种自制的太阳能蒸馏器便于携带。 33． B【解析】根据语境¸尤其是第二段的第一句“To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep”可知¸画线部分 the water catcher 指代前句中的 a working still¸即自制的太阳能蒸馏器。 34． C【解析】根据第三段的内容¸尤其是第一句“Next¸cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock”可知¸做好太阳能蒸馏 器装置后¸还要在塑料薄膜的中心放一块石头以使塑料薄膜的中心下垂¸进而形成圆锥体的构造¸从而使 该太阳能蒸馏器更好地发挥作用。 35． D【解析】根据第四段的第二句“Ground water evaporates（蒸发）and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form¸run down the material¸and fall off into the cup”可知¸水蒸气会附在塑料薄膜的 表面¸最后沿着塑料薄膜滴落到杯中。 2． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） 32． D【解析】根据第一段的“young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals． come from the injured parts of the plant”可知¸当植物 受到攻击时¸它会产生一些化学物质。故选 D 项。 33． A【解析】根据第三段中的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch”可知¸正吃午 餐的袭击者变成了午餐¸也就是袭击者被攻击了。故选 A 项。 34． B【解析】根据第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty”可知¸植物能保护自己抵抗昆虫。故选 B 项。 35． C【解析】根据最后一段中的“imagined a world far busier¸noisier and more intimate（亲密的） than the world we can see and hear. 0ur senses are weak”可推知¸世界比它显现出来的更加复杂。故选 C 项。 3． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） 32． C【解析】根据第一段最后一句中的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知¸建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地 方¸故选 C。 33． A【解析】根据第四段中的“For many older people¸particularly those living alone or in the country ¸ driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others”可知¸对于老年人来说¸开车对保持他们生活的独立性至关重要¸故选 A。 34． B【解析】根据第三段中的“the Newcastle team are developing invehicle technologies for older drivers which theyhope could. help them to continue driving into later life”可知¸研究者正在研发车载式的 技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车¸故选 B。 35． D【解析】本文的关键词是老年人驾车¸重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾车所进行的研究。 C 项 比较容易被误选¸Services 一词不恰当¸概括太宽泛¸偏离了文章的主旨。 4． （2017 北京） 67． A【解析】根据第一段中的“The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want”可知¸人工智能可能会 变得非常擅长完成目标¸而这些目标可能不是人们真正想要的¸所以人工智能有可能摆脱人的控制。由文 中的“artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want”可知 B 项表述错误；由文中的“Hollywood's theory that machines with evil（邪恶的）minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly”可知¸C 项表示错误；D 项在原文没有被提及。 68． A【解析】根据第二段中的“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality¸ one that we usually associate with living things：a wish to preserve its own existence”可知¸智能机器可能会为保护自 己的存在而阻止自己被摧毁。 69． D【解析】根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall¸ using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world”可知¸ 有些研究者认为可用防火墙防止机器人影响世界。 70． C【解析】根据第四段中的“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy”可知¸人工智能的安全问题有可能得到解决¸但又困难重重。 5． （2017 浙江） 25． A【解析】根据文章第一段内容可知¸该调查主要是对青少年的睡眠进行研究¸所以选 A 项。 26． C【解析】根据文章第二段的“For most school-age children¸ten hours is ideal(理想的)”可知¸11 岁左右的青少年最佳的睡眠时长是 10 小时¸故选 C 项。 27． B【解析】根据第三段第一句和“ She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep”可推知¸由于青少年晚上的活动都会使他们兴奋¸所以他们 很难静下心来睡觉¸从而导致晚睡¸故选 B 项。A 项“青少年受到身体里特定化学物质的影响”是其他专 家解释的原因¸而不是 Carskadon 博士解释的原因¸故排除；C 项“他们以父母为榜样”¸全文没有提到父母 的生活习惯对子女的影响¸故排除；D 项“他们不需要早点上学”¸文章最后提到部分学校推迟上学时间¸ 这是应对青少年睡眠时间少的一种措施¸而不是青少年晚睡的原因¸故排除。 6． （2017 江苏） 71． lower 根据第一段最后一句中的“declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st”与第 二段第一句“Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays”可知¸21 世纪的出生率要比以前低很多¸故答案为 lower。 72． size/scale 根据第二段的“almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate”和“Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades”可知¸发达国家保持人口的现有规 模也是困难重重。 size/scale 表示“尺寸¸大小¸规模”¸符合文意。 73． immediate 根据第二段最后一句中的“which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades”可知¸在发展中国家¸出生率下降的影响是灾难性的¸但不会立即显现出来¸而 要等到几十年之后¸故答案为 immediate。 74． economic 根据第三、四和五段可以看出人口与经济的发展是密不可分的¸人口出生率的下降 也必将给经济的发展带来压力。 75． old/older 根据第三段第一句中的“A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China”可知¸中国的青壮年劳动力可能会大幅度减少¸即劳动力老龄化¸故答案为 old/older。 76． earlier 根据第四段中的“people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961”可知¸俄 罗斯人的寿命比 1961 年短了许多¸即很多人早逝¸故答案为 earlier。 77． living/life 根据第四段中对俄罗斯人的不良饮食习惯和酗酒的描述可以看出¸他们的生活方 式需要改变。way of living/life“生活方式”。 78． equality 考查信息整合能力。根据第五段中对于印度人口出生率以及经济发展与教育的关系 的叙述可以得出这样的结论：印度若能实现公民受教育机会的平等化¸它的经济会有大的增长。 equality “平等”¸符合文意。 79． immigration 考查信息提取。根据最后一段第一句“0ne solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration”可知¸通过移民这种方法美国在 2010 年至 2030 年中将使人口增加 20%。 80． compensate 考查信息整合能力。根据最后一段的最后一句“As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term”可知¸移 民可能会带来劳动力人口的增加和经济的迅速增长¸从而弥补青壮年劳动力的缺乏。compensate“补偿¸ 弥补”¸符合文意。 7． (2016 新课标Ⅲ) 32． A【解析】根据第一段的内容尤其是“Those are the classic rulesfor the evening broadcasts and the morning papers”可知¸新闻报道惯常报道坏消息来吸引人们的 眼球。 33． C【解析】根据第二段可知¸大众传媒想要吸引你的眼球而不关心你的内心感受¸但是当你和 朋友分享故事时¸你对他们的反应要关心得多¸你不希望他们把你看作 Debbie Downer。由此可以推断¸ Debbie Downer 和大众传媒是一样的¸不会去关心他人的感受¸故选 C 项¸inconsiderate 意为“不为别人着 想的¸不考虑他人的”。 34． B【解析】根据第三段中的“0ne of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles”可知¸选 B 项。 35． D【解析】本文第一段的最后一句概括了文章的主要内容：通过追踪人们的电子邮件和网上 的帖子¸科学家已经发现好消息要比坏消息传得更快更远。下文是对这一发现的具体介绍¸故选 D 项。 8． (2016 天津) 46． A【解析】根据第一段中的“He had more job satisfaction¸a better marriage and was healthier” 可知¸约翰享受工作和婚姻带来的快乐。 47． D【解析】第二段的第二句话“The study showed that those...than those who had not”告诉我 们¸小时候劳动的男孩要比不劳动的男孩成年后更能享受生活且更富有创造性¸后面紧接着引用 Vaillant 的话来进一步解释为什么有些男孩成年后会享受快乐的生活。 48． C【解析】根据第三段的内容可知¸Vaillant 的团队通过比较几组不同的得分情况得出了他们的 结论。 49． C【解析】根据画线词后面的“Those who had done the most boyhood activities...less likely to have been unemployed”可知¸孩提时代的劳动和长大后的生活之间的联系是显而易见的。 50． B【解析】根据最后一段的内容可知¸孩提时代的劳动能够培养一个人多方面的能力¸这些能 力正是情感健康的基础¸同时也能帮助他们过上更快乐的生活。由此可推断出情感健康对享受精彩的成 年生活十分重要。 9． (2016 四川) 32． B【解析】根据第四段中的“Those given night milk¸which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime”可知¸饮 用在白天取自奶牛的牛奶的老鼠更焦虑。所以 B 项正确。 33． D【解析】根据第六段中的“taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night”可知¸褪黑激素被用在安眠药中。所以 D 项正确。 34． A 【解析】 根据第一段中的“But now a study has found it really does help people nod off - if it is milked from a cow at night”、第二段以及第五段内容可知¸全文围绕“Night Milk and Sleep”展开¸告 诉读者饮用在晚上取自奶牛的牛奶有助于睡眠。所以 A 项正确。 35． D【解析】 通读全文可知¸文中作者通过提供研究结果来支持文章的主题。所以 D 项正确。 10． (2016 浙江) 50． D【解析】从文章第一段的“but some developmental psychologists（心理学家）have argued that this ’play’ is more like a scientific investigation than one might think”可知¸一些发展心理学家认为¸婴儿的 游戏在某种程度上类似于科学家的实验¸所以选 D 项。 51． D【解析】从第二段的“in the process, it brings out important evidence about... the baby's investigation and the scientist's experiment appear to share the same aim...”推断可知¸婴儿收集证据的方 式类似于科学家的¸故选 D 项。 52． C【解析】从第三段的“they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means...through repeated experiments…”可知¸孩子们可能会通过不停地尝试他们自己的“实验”来习 得语言规则¸故选 C 项。 53． B【解析】从最后一段的内容尤其是“Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn…look at science and scientists”可知¸研究孩子们的游戏可能有助于更好 地理解科学¸所以 B 项正确。 54． D【解析】通读全文特别是最后一段的“Perhaps evolution（进化）provided.”可知¸作者的态 度是很谨慎的¸所以选 D 项。 11． (2016 江苏) 58． A【解析】根据第一段中的“they have little instinct(本能）to help one another”和下文的实验 可知黑猩猩很少关心别的黑猩猩¸只顾自己。因此选项 A 正确。 59． A【解析】根据第三段首句“Human children¸on the other hand¸are naturally cooperative”和 下文对于实验结果的描述可知帮助别人是儿童的本能¸因此选择 A。 60． C【解析】文章前两段说明了黑猩猩的自私¸第三段作者话锋一转¸提出了本文要说明的中心： Human children¸on the other hand¸are naturally cooperative。因此选项 C 正确。 12． (2015 新课标Ⅱ) 25． B 依据第一段中的“Your house may have an effect on your figure... whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off”¸再结合该段最后一句“Here are some waysto turn your home into part of your diet plan”可知¸B 项正确。 26． B 依据第三段第三句“In one study¸people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room”可知¸在蓝色环境中人们的食量会减少 33 %¸因此身处蓝色的环境 中有助于减少食量。 27． C 依据第四段的内容可知¸吃饭吃得快的话会吃得多¸因此为了帮助减缓=吃饭的速度¸吃饭 时可播放舒缓音乐¸排除 A、B 项；D 项与第二段首句的内容相矛盾；依据第五段的内容可知¸使用小型 的餐具有助于减少食物摄人量。故选 C。 28． A 本文主要讲的是房屋的窗帘、灯光设计、墙颜色、餐具大小等方面均会影响食欲和食量¸ 进而影响节食效果和身材¸故 A 项“你的房屋在使你发胖吗？”作为文章标题最佳。 13． (2015 四川) 46． C 第四段中的“The most popular view is thatEgyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths” 告诉我们¸很多人认为古埃及人通过光滑的道路滑动巨石。 47． D 由该短语所在段中的“either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle”可推知¸lubricated the paths 意为“让路变滑”。 48． A 文中的画线词 it 指代的是上文的内容“A square could be turned into a rough sort. of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes,should make a block of stone ‘a lot easier to roll than a square’”¸这与 A 项的表述相吻合。 49． D 由最后两段中的 “They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery（滑的）path” “At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths”可知¸用“滚动”的方法所需的准备较少一些。 50． D 根据文章内容¸尤其是第一段中的“But a new study suggests they used a little rock ‘n’ roll. Long-agobuilders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand ¸ the scientists say”可知¸文章主要介绍了古埃及人搬动巨石修建金字塔的一种可能的方法。 14． (2014 山东) 解读：这是一篇科普文。一位法国科学家发明的电子牙刷可以通过蓝牙无线连接器把你刷牙的 信息传到手机上¸甚至可以检测到牙上的洞。 56． A 细节理解题。从第一段中的"An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush" 可知答案。 57． C 推理判断题。从第三段中的"It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis"可知¸你可以用这种牙刷¸就好像每天在牙医的指导下刷牙。 58． B 细节理解题。从第四段中的"so developers could¸for instance¸create a game controlled by your toothbrush your teeth"可知答案。 59． D 段落大意题。从第五段中的第一句" Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father" 可知¸本段讲了 Serval 发明这种电子牙刷的想法的由来。 60． A 推理判断题。从第五段中的"They said 'yes'¸but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry" 可推知¸他们不愿意刷牙。 61． D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"The camera can even examine holes in your teeth While you brush"可知答案。 15． ( 2014 辽宁) 解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文揭示实验研究的结果¸用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概 念的能力较差¸而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。 21． A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"Students are increasingly using laptopsfor note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）"可知¸学生越来越多地使用笔记本电脑记笔记是因为它的速度 和清晰度¸这说明用笔记本电脑记笔记速度快记得多。故选 A。 22． B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句"But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught"可知¸研究已经发现笔记本电脑的使用者没能记 住和应用教给他们的概念。由此可推知¸笔记本电脑的使用者在记笔记时是不动脑子的。故选 B。 23． B 推理判断题。本文通过实验说明了用笔记本电脑记笔记的不良效果和用手记笔记的优势¸ 两者相比突出了用手记笔记的好处。故选 B 。 24． C 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知¸本文揭示实验研究的结果¸用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记 忆和应用概念的能力较差¸而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。由此可推知¸本文应该出现在科学杂 志里。故选 C。 16． (2014 湖北) 解读：研究表明¸心脏的疾病与空气质量有关¸所以应该采取措施严格控制污染¸提高空气质量。 53． A 主旨大意题。由第一段中的"But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediatelythe air you breathe"以及文章接下来的内容可知¸本文主要谈论的是心脏疾病与空气质 量之间的关系。 54． C 词义猜测题。第三段的第一句话讲到两项研究¸的筹划者都强调这些风险对于健康的人来 说相对较小¸当然与其他危险因素相比¸例如抽烟和高血压¸风险也是相对较低的。因此¸"modest"意为 "relatively low"。 55． D 细节理解题。根据文章最后两句的内容可知¸应该制定更为严格的控制污染物的规章制度。 故 D 项正确。 56． A 写作意图题。文章主要告知读者一项研究结果¸指出新发现的引起心脏疾病的因素：我们 吸人体内的空气。因此¸A 项正确。 17． (2013 浙江) 解读：本文主要向读者介绍了一些与人体相关的知识和信息。 46． D 细节理解题。从文章问题一下面的"when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin¸it's more of a dark reddish purple color"可知¸静脉中靠近皮肤表面的血液应该是绛紫色¸所以答案为 D。 47． D 细节理解题。从问题四下面的"When they do get shorter¸it's because the spine has shortened a little． 0r¸more often¸become more bent and curved"可知¸由于脊柱的缩短或弯曲¸所以老年人看起来显 得矮了¸所以答案为 D。 48． A 细节理解题。从问题二下面的"But¸in the long run¸your brain probably tips it¸ because even when you'resitting still your brain is using twice as much energy asyour heart¸ and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it"可以知道¸从长远来看¸脑子可能要比心脏更努力¸更辛苦¸所以答案为 A。 49． B 主旨大意题。从全文可知¸这是一篇医学科技类的文章¸主要介绍了与人体相关的一些知 识¸所以 B 项能很好地概括全文主旨大意。 18． ( 2013 北京) 解读：研究表明¸喜欢多任务化的人在同时做多件事情时表现最差。 67． D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句内容可知¸Sanbonmats 的研究表明¸喜欢多任务化的人在 同时做多件事情时¸表现最差。此外¸第三段第二句的内容也是提示。 68． A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句的内容可知¸他和同事在进行研究时¸评估了学生的多任 务化能力。 69． C 细节理解题。根据第一段后半部分中的"but because they are easily distracted（分心）and can't focus on one activity"可知¸人们进行多任务化的原因是他们不具备。专注于一项任务的能力。此外¸ 倒数第三段的内容也是提示。 70． C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations"可知¸喜欢多任务化的人一般对危险情况不太敏感¸由此可推断他们通常不能对潜在的危 险作出快速的反应。 19． （2013 新课标Ⅰ） 60． B 细节题。第一段中 She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.婴儿仔细盯着白板上的两个黑点看。然后纸板交换¸婴儿视觉 开始不能聚焦核心¸换成 3 个黑点时¸婴儿又开始集中注视了。由此可知¸该实验是研究婴儿的视觉。因 此¸正确答案为 B。 61． D 细节题。还是看第一段¸As the cards change from one to the other ,her gaze(starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.卡片改变时¸直到出现 3 个黑点纸板时¸婴儿又开始集中注视了。由此可知¸婴 儿对于有不同数目黑点的纸板比较敏感。因此¸正确答案为 D。 62． C 推理题。由关键词 drumbeats 定位文章第二段。The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots. 测验效果在不同感官间交叉。与听到两声鼓声相比¸当听到三声鼓声的时候婴儿看着两个点会变得更兴 奋。由此可知¸鼓声是一个背景¸测试的还是婴儿听不同次数鼓声时对看到的纸板数字的反应。因此¸正 确答案为 C。 63． D 推测题。由文中第一段出现 researcher,以及第二段中出现 experiment¸可以推测。该文是一 篇科技报道。因此¸正确答案为 D。 20． （2012 陕西） 解读：研究表明¸心脏的疾病与空气质量有关¸所以应该采取措施严格控制污染¸提高空气质量。 53． A 主旨大意题。由第一段中的"But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediatelythe air you breathe"以及文章接下来的内容可知¸本文主要谈论的是心脏疾病与空气质 量之间的关系。 54． C 词义猜测题。第三段的第一句话讲到两项研究¸的筹划者都强调这些风险对于健康的人来 说相对较小¸当然与其他危险因素相比¸例如抽烟和高血压¸风险也是相对较低的。因此¸"modest"意为 "relatively low"。 55． D 细节理解题。根据文章最后两句的内容可知¸应该制定更为严格的控制污染物的规章制度。 故 D 项正确。 56． A 写作意图题。文章主要告知读者一项研究结果¸指出新发现的引起心脏疾病的因素：我们 吸人体内的空气。因此¸A 项正确。 21． （2011 陕西） 解读：本文对转基因食品展开了论述。转基因食品曾经被认为能够解决世界粮食危机¸但现在 看来¸转基因食品非但没有解决危机¸还带来了诸多的问题¸引发了更多的争议。 57． C 写作手法题。根据第二段中的 For instance 可知¸作者第二段的写作是通过举例说明的手 法展开论述的。 58． D 词义猜测题。联系上下文可知¸转基因技术的初衷是提高粮食产量¸因为它要解决世界粮 食短缺问题¸由此可知选 D¸increase"增加¸提高"。 59． B 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句"． ． ． GM companies tell farmers that they will nake good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）． "和该段中画线词所在的句子可知答案为 B。 60． C 作者态度题。通读全文可以看出¸作者对转基因食品持反对(disapproving)态度。尤其是作 者在论述过程中¸多次巧妙地运用了具有转折意味的词语¸例如：but¸despite¸ in fact¸however¸on the contrary¸as a matter of fact。 22． (2011 湖北) 解读：本文是一篇说明文¸介绍人们对狼嚎原因的认识和研究成果。 55． D 推理判断题。依据第二段第三句话可知¸狼群嚎叫和人们合唱可能存在的相似之处是都带 来归属感。 56． C 细节理解题。第二段最后一句说¸Harrington 认为这个理论（狼嚎是为了更好地团结在一 起）是错误的¸紧接着第三段第一句话说明了他的依据¸实际情况是有时狼嚎之后往往是争吵。 57． B 细节理解题。依据第四段内容可知¸很确定的一点是¸很多情况下狼嚎是为了确定伙伴的 位置¸以聚集在一起。 58． D 句意理解题。依据最后一段内容尤其是第二句可知¸狼嚎具有传染性¸一匹狼吼叫之后其 他狼跟着效仿¸于是出现群嚎现象。 考点 3 生态环保类 1． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park． Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park． By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves． Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development． By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area． They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around． The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results． Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly． These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植 被), which reduced plant diversity in the park． In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly． The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers． As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park． They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems． Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets． The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers ． The U． S． Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone． Today¸the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone． Elk¸deer¸and coyote populations are down¸while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback． The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well． 28． What is the text mainly about? A． Wildlife research in the United States． B． Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area． C． The conflict between farmers and gray wolves． D． The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park． 29． What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? A． Tested． B． Separated． C． Forced out． D． Tracked down． 30． What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？ A． Damage to local ecology． B． A decline in the park’s income． C． Preservation of vegetation． D． An increase in the variety of animals． 31． What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？ A． Doubtful． B． Positive． C． Disapproving． D． Uncaring． 2． （2017 江苏） 0ld Problem¸ New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life¸ global warning will continue for some decades after C02 emissions（排放）peak． So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today¸ we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change． Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation． When it comes to adaptation¸ it is important to understand that climate change is a process． We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard¸ but to a constantly shifting set of conditions． This is why ¸ in part at least ¸ the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation． ” Nevertheless¸ there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost． Around the world¸ people are adapting in surprising ways¸ especially in some poor countries． Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades ． Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster． His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries ¸ schools ¸ and health clinics ¸ and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities． Rezwan is creating floating connectivity（连体） to replace flooded roads and highways． But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season． Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken ． Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India¸where he is known as the Ice Man． The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture． Without the glaciers¸water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops． Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter¸when it was not needed． He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze¸and was stored until the spring． His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water． Having created nine such ice reserves¸Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m 3 of water． Climate change is a continuing process¸so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever． Warming will overtake them． But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will¸perhaps¸be able to find other means of adapting． Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet ． In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally¸ and actually cooled the region ． While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly ¸ temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased． This example should act as an inspiration for all cities． By painting buildings white¸cities may slow down the warming process． In Peru¸local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice． The outcome is still far from clear． But the World Bank has included the project on its of “100 ideas to save the planet”． More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere． A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria． 0ver five generations the land has been too wet for cropping． But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops． Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce¸ or by growing the same things differently． This is common sense． But some suggestions for adapting are not． When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt¸it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual． Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways． But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution． After all¸if we adapt in that way¸we may avoid the need to change in so many others． 65． The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies ． A． adaptation is an ever-changing process B． the cost of adaptation varies with time C． global warming affects adaptation forms D． adaptation to climate change is challenging 66． What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project? A． The project receives government support． B． Different organizations work with each other． C． His organization makes the best of a bad situation． D． The project connects flooded roads and highways． 67． What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming? A． Storing ice for future use． B． Protecting the glaciers from melting． C． Changing the irrigation time． D． Postponing the melting of the glaciers． 68． What do we learn from the Peru example? A． White paint is usually safe for buildings． B． The global warming tread cannot be stopped． C． This country is heating up too quickly． D． Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming． 69． According to the author¸polluting industries should ． A． adapt to carbon pollutionB． plant highly profitable crops C． leave carbon emission aloneD． fight against carbon pollution 70． What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming? A． Setting up a new standard． B． Reducing carbon emission． C． Adapting to climate change． D． Monitoring polluting industries． 3． （2016 北京） California Condor’s Shocking Recovery California condors are North America’s largest birds ¸ with wind-length of up to 3 meters． In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out． Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds． In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖)． Since 1992¸there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild¸and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico． Electrical lines have been killing them off． “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo． Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once． So scientists have come up with a shocking idea． Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock ． Before the training was introduced¸66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution． This has now dropped to 18%． Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with． When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,they absorb large quantities of lead ． This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds,and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death． So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo,where they are treated with calcium EDTA,a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days． This work is starting to pay off． The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000to 5.4% in 2011． Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years． “Although these measures are not effective forever,they are vital for now,”he says． “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them． ” 63． California condors attract researchers’ interest because they ． A． are active at night B． had to be bred in the wild C． are found only in California D． almost died out in the 1980s 64． Researchers have found electrical lines are． A． blocking condors’ journey home B． big killers of California condors C． rest places for condors at night D． used to keep condors away 65． According to Paragraph 5¸lead poisoning． A． makes condors too nervous to fly B． has little effect on condors’ kidneys C． can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ blood D． makes it different for condors to produce baby birds 66． The passage shows that ． A． the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B． Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering C． the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D． researchers have found the final answers to the problem 4． （2016 江苏） El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas． El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round． The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places ． Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose． A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain． The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones． But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames． A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse． Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters． The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe． But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare ． According to the 0verseas Development Institute (0DI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards． This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction． Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease． Better sewers (下 水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach． Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods． According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link． Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people ． Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority． 61． What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1? A． It is named after a South American fisherman． B． It takes place almost every year all over the world． C． It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas． D． It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean． 62． What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected? A． Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall． B． Droughts become more harmful than floods． C． Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses． D． Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically． 63． The data provided by 0DI in Paragraph 4 suggest that A． more investment should go to risk reduction B． governments of poor countries need more aid C． victims of El Nino deserve more compensation D． recovery and reconstruction should come first 64． What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A． To introduce El Nino and its origin． B． To explain the consequences of El Nino． C． To show ways of fighting against El Nino． D． To urge people to prepare for El Nino． 5． （2015 四川） Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all nigh — as well as during the day, British-based researchers say. David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep. Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night. He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.” And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackorids and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'. During the breeding( 繁 殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep." Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise. However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas. 42． According to Dr Dominoni’s study, what causer robins to sing so much? A． The breeding season. B． The light in modem life C． The dangerous environment. D． The noise from heavy machinery. 43． What is the researchers’ concern over the increase of birds' song output? A． The environment might be polluted． B． The birds' health might be damaged． C． The industry cost might be increased． D． The people's hearing might be affected． 44． What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean? A． Active at night. B． Inactive at night. C． Active during the day. D． Inactive during the day. 45． Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments? A． Because there are fewer dangers. B． Because there is more food to eat. C． Because there is less light pollution D． Because there are more places to take shelter. 6． （2015 陕西） The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance. 0n a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out. 0n a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威 胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater. Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions. It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. 54. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4? A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques. B. It leads to air pollution and global warming. C. It slows down the loss of shade trees. D. It improves local soil conditions. 55. The purpose of the text is to . A. entertain B. advertise C. instruct D. persuade 56. Where does this text probably come from? A. An agricultural magazine. B. A medical journal. C. An engineering textbook. D. A tourist guide. 57. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text 7． （201 4 新 课 标 全国Ⅱ） Since the first Earth Day in 1970 ¸Americans havegotten a lot "greener" toward the environment ． "We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment¸let alone that there was a problem withit¸"says Bruce Anderson¸president of Earth Day USA． Butwhat began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement． Businesspeople ¸political leaders¸universityprofessors¸and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are takingpart in the movement ． "Theunderstanding has increased many ¸ many times ¸ "says Gaylord Nelson ¸ the former A P1 P3 P4 P5 P2 B P1 P3 P4P5P2 C P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 D P5 P4 P3P2 P1 governor from Wisconsin¸whothought up the first Earth Day． According to US government reports¸emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 milliontons ． The number of cities producing C0 beyond the standard has beenreduced from 40 to 9． Althoughserious problems still remain and need tobe dealt with¸the world is a safer and healthier place． A kind of¨ greenthinking has become part of practices． Great improvement has been achieved． In 1988 there were only 600recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6¸600． Advancedlights¸motors¸and building designs have helped save a lot of energy andtherefore prevented pollution． Twenty-five years ago¸there were hardly any education programs for environment． Today¸it's hard to find a public school¸university¸or lawschool that does not have such a kind of program． "Until we do that¸ nothing else will change ! " says Bruce Anderson． 25． According to Anderson¸before 1970¸Americans had little idea about _______． A． the social movement B． recycling techniques C． environmental problems D． the importance of Earth Day 26． Where does the support for ______ environmental protection mainly come from? A． The grass-roots level． B． The business circle． C． Government officials． D． University professors． 27． What have Americans achieved in _______ environment protection? A． They have cut car emissions to the lowest． B． They have settled their environmental problems． C． They have lowered their C0 levels in forty cities． D． They have reduced pollution through effective measures． 28． What is especially important for _______ environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A． Education． B． Planning． C． Green living． D． C0 reduction． 8． （2014 新课标全国Ⅰ） Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers． Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks( 群 ) so large that they darkened the sky for hours． It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world． Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati． Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing． Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands． Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time ． The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants． By the closing decades of the 19thcentury, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline． Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again． In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years． The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, 0hio, in 1900． For a time, a few birds survived under human care． The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914． 24． In the 18thand early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _______． A． were the biggest bird in the world B． lived mainly in the south of America C． did great harm to the natural environment D． were the largest bird population in the US 25． The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ______． A． escape B． ruin C． liberation D． evolution 26． What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A． To seek pleasure． B． To save other birds． C． To make money． D． To protect crops． 27． What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan? A． It was ignored by the public． B． It was declared too late． C． It was unfair． D． It was strict． 9． （2014 湖南） The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important asits design when it comes to energy use ¸according to new research fromthe UK Energy Research Centre(UKERC)． The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions( 排 放 ) by 80 percent by 2050 ¸ part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016． But this¸reportshows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremelyimportant— is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour ofthe people using the building has to change too． The study suggests that the ways that peopleuse and live in theirhomes have been largely ignored byexisting efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率)¸which instead focus on architectural and technological developments． Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything¸explains Katy Janda¸a UKERC senior researcher¸'consumptionpatterns of building users can defeat the most careful design． 'In otherwords¸old habits die hard¸even in the best-designed eco-home． Another part of the problem is information． Households and bill-payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy-usehabits． Without specific information¸it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices． Feedback (反馈) facilities¸like smart metersand energy monitors¸could help bridge this information gapby helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects theirenergy use¸some studies have shown that households can achieve up to15 percent energy savings using smart meters． Social science research has added a further dimension (方面)¸suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal andcannot be predicted— whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(怛温器)¸for example． Jandaargues that education is the key ． She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them． 66． As to energy use¸the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ______ ． A． zero-carbon homes B． the behaviour of building users C． sustainable building design D． the reduction of carbon emissions 67． The underlined word which " in Paragraph 2 refers to " _____ ． A． the ways B． their homes C． developments D． existing efforts 68． What are Katy Janda's words mainly about? A． The importance of changing building users' habits． B． The necessity of making a careful building design． C． The variety of consumption patterns of building users． D． The role of technology in improving energy efficiency． 69． The information gap in energy use _______ ． A． can be bridged by feedback facilities B． affects the study on energy monitors C． brings about problems for smart meters D． will be caused by building users' old habits 70． What does the dimension added by social science research suggest? A． The social science research is to be furthered． B． The education programme is under discussion． C． The behaviour of building users is unpredictable． D． The behaviour preference of building users is similar． 10． （2013 安徽） Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clearways that humans can put our water supply in danger¸but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways． You may wonder how paving(铺 砌 )a road can lead to less useable fresh water ． A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater． Groundwater does not come from lakesor rivers． It comes from underground． The more roads and parking lotswe pave¸the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater． Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺)． Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall¸but in any case¸good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs． Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a bigdifference¸too． In the United States¸a family of four can use l.5 tonsof water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live¸butthere's a lot we can do to lower the number． You can take steps to save water in your home． To startwith¸usethe same glass for your drinking water all day． Wash it only once a day． Run your dishwasher(洗碗机) only when it is full． Help your parents fix any leaks in your home． You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away． 60． Which of the following is mostlikely to lead to less groundwater? A． Using river water． B． Throwing batteries away． C． Paving parking lots． D． Throwing rubbish into lakes． 61． What can be inferred from the text? A． All water shortages are due to human behavior． B． It takes a lot of effort¸to meet our water needs． C． There is much we can do to reduce family size． D． The average family in America makes proper use of water． 62． The last paragraph is intended to ________ ． A． show us how to fix leaks at home B． tell us how to run a dishwasher C． prove what drinking glass is best for us D． suggest what we do to save water at home 63． The text is mainly about _______ ． A． why paving roads reduces our water B． how much we depend on water to live C． why droughts occur more in dry climates D． how human activity affects our water supply 11． （2013 江西） 0ne might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist tradewould bring nothing but good for the countries that receivethe holiday-makers． Indeed¸a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of theholiday industry． Every month sees the building of a new hotelsomewhere． And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the "last paradise(天堂) on earth"． However ¸ the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy thevery things tourists want to enjoy ． In those countries where there was arush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays ¸ over-crowded beachesand the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose theirappeal． Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most． Inrecent years¸Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developmentsin health and education． Its forests¸full of wildlife and rare flowers¸ were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise． In fact¸thenature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makerstraveling through the forest land． Ancient tracks became major routes forthe walkers¸with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants． Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the suddengrowth of tourism． The people as well rapidly feel its effects ． Farmlandmakes way for hotels ¸ roads and airports; the old way of life goes． Theone-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization；heis no longer his own master* 0nce it was his back that bore the pain；nowit is his smile that is exploited． No doubt he wonders whether he wasn'thappier in his village working his own land． Thankfully ¸ the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities ithas towards'those countries that receive its customers． The protection ofwildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with touristdevelopment and in fact obtain financial supportfrom tourist companies． At the same time¸tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people． The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fateand that of the countries we all want to visit． Their needs and problemsare more important than those of the tourist companies ． Increasedunderstanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the marketfor these companies． If not¸in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed． 71． What does the author indicate inthe last sentence of Paragraph l? A． The Pacific island is a paradise． B． The Pacific island is worth visiting¸ C． The advertisement is not convincing． D． The advertisement is not impressive． 72． The example of Nepal is used to suggest ______ ． A． its natural resources are untouched B． its forests are exploited for farmland C． it develops well in health and education D． it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists 73． What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4? A． They are happy to work their own lands． B． They have to please the tourists for a living． C． They have to struggle for their independence． D． They are proud of working in multi-national organizations． 74． Which of the following determines the future of tourism? A． The number of tourists． B． The improvement of services． C． The promotion of new products． D． The management of tourism． 75． The author's attitude towards the development of the tourist industry ______ ． A． optimistic B． doubtful C． objective D． negative 12． （2012 北京） Wilderness "In wilderness (荒野) is the preservation of the world． "This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism． The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors aheated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wildernessat the heart of what is to be preserved． As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out ¸ there is a strongappeal in images of the wild ¸ the untouched；more than anything else¸they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly． The urge toleave the subject of suchimages untouched is strong¸and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes( 景 观 ) is real ． Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need —therainforests¸for example¸store 'carbon in vast quantities． To Mr． Sauven¸these ecosystem services far outweigh the gains from exploitation． Lee Lane¸a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute¸takes the opposing view． He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide usefulservices¸such as water conservation． But that is not¸he argues¸areason to avoid all human presence¸or indeed commercial and industrialexploitation． There are ever more people on the Earth ¸ and theyreasonably and rightfully want to have better lives ¸ rather than merelystruggle for survival． While the ways of using resources have improved¸there is still a growing need for raw materials¸ and some wildernessescontain them in abundance． If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide¸the argument goes¸there is no further reason not to do so． Being untouched is not¸in itself¸acharacteristic worth valuing above all others． I look forward to seeing these views taken further ¸ and to theirbeing challenged by the other participants． 0ne challenge that suggestsitself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly． And there is a practical question as towhether wildernesses can be exploited without harm． This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings¸butalso the guidance of reason． What position wilderness should enjoy in thepreservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking． 67． John Sauven holds that _______ ． A． many people value nature too much B． exploitation of wildernesses is harmful C． wildernesses provide humans with necessities D． the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong 68． What is the main idea of Para． 3? A． The exploitation is necessary for the poor people． B． Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials． C． Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation． D． All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally． 69． What is the author's attitude towards this debate? A． 0bjective． B． Disapproving． C． Sceptical． D． 0ptimistic． 70． Which of the following shows thestructure of the passage? CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion 13． (2011 安徽) Think about the different ways that people use the wind ． You canuse it to fly a kite or to sail a boat． Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources (来源)¸as well as one of the oldest． Evidence shows that windmills(风车) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC． They were first introduced to Europe during thell00s ¸ when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of' usingwind power． For many centuries¸people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground． When electricity wasdiscovered in the late 1800s¸people living in remote areas began to usethem to produce electricity． This allowed them to have electric lights andradio． However¸by the 1940s when electricity was available to people inalmost all areas of the United States¸windmills were rarely used． During the 1970s¸people started becoming concerned about thepollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produceelectricity． People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would notlast forever． Then¸wind was rediscovered¸though it means higher costs． Today¸there is a global movement to supply more and more of ourelectricity through the use of wind． 60． From the text we know that windmills A． were invented by European armies B． have a history of more than 2¸800 years C． used to supply power to radio in remote areas D． have rarely been used since electricity was discovered 61． What was a new use for 'wind power in the late 19th century? A． Sailing a boat． B． Producing electricity． C． Grinding wheat into flour． D． Pumping water from underground． 62． 0ne of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that ______． A． wind power is cleaner B． it is one of the oldest power sources C． it was cheaper to create energy from wind D． the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs 63． What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A． The advantages of wind power． B． The design of wind power plants． C． The worldwide movement to save energy． D． The global trend towards producing power from wind． 14． （2011 北京） As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries ¸ a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West¸ for better or worse ． Much of the real significance of railroads andhighways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery ¸but in theways that they affect the surrounding community ． The same is true of bigsolar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricityaround． The 19th century saw land grants (政府拔地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads¸leaving public land inbetween privately owned land． In much of the West¸some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ¸ and in bothcases the landownership has presented unique challenges to landmanagement． With the completion of the interstate highway system many of the small towns¸ which sprang up as railway stops anddeveloped well¸have lost their lifeblood and died． Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects farbeyond their direct footprint in the West． This is not an argument againstbuilding them． We need alternative energy badly¸and to really takeadvantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now． So trade-offs will have to be made． Somme scenic spots will be sacrificed． Some species (物种) will be forced to move¸or will be carefully moved to special accommodations． Deals will be struck toreduce the immediate effects． The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter． The 21stcentury development of the American West as an ideal place foralternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in theregion． There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good． But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leavenew problems behind¸just like the railroads and the highways． The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions thatcontrol it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of powerplants and transmission lines． So let's remember the effects of therailroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West． 67． What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways? A． Small towns along the railways became abandoned． B． Some railroad stops remained underused． C． Land in the West was hard to manage． D． Land grants went into private hands． 68 ． What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs? A． The transmission of power． B． The use of money and power． C． The conservation of solar energy． D． The selection of an ideal place． 69． What is the author's attitude towards building solar plants? A． Cautious． B． approving． C． Doubtful． D． Disapproving． 70． Which is the best title for the passage? A． How the Railways Have Affected the West B． How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West C． How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced D． How the problems of the Highways Have Been Settled 15． ( 2010 福建) Businesses are witnessing a difficult time¸whichhas in turnproduced influence on consumers' desire to go green． However¸shoppersare still laying stress on environmental concerns． Twothirds of customers say that environmental considerations informtheir purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago ¸ while morethan a quarter say that they are now even better aware of theenvironmental effect on what they buy． This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves． And the companies should still make efforts to become moreenvironmentally friendly． Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies¸with about one inseven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere ifthey felt a company's environmental reputation was not good enough． Harry Morrison¸chief executive (立管) of the Carbon Trust¸sympathizes: "I understand this situation where survival is veryimportant now． But from environmental considerations¸the clock isticking - we don't have much time． In addition¸cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand． " Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing theircarbon footprint¸as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions (排放)． Those that have taken early action will have a head start． More than two thirds ofconsumers are not clear about which companies are environmentallyresponsible ． This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly theirmessage to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers． The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customersabout the good work companies are doing． "When companies are granted(授予) the standard¸they can use a logo (标识) in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions¸ Mr． Morrison said． 64． What's the main idea of the passage? A． Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers． B． Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions． C． Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home． D． Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers' environmental awareness． 65． The underlined word "inform" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________ ． A． affect B． change C． disturb D． reject 66． According to Harry Morrison¸ businesses ______ ． A． will benefit from cutting carbon emissions B． should buy carbon allowances for shoppers C． are required to make up fortheir carbon emissions D． have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere 67． We can learn from the passage that businesses will _______ ． A． have a strong desire to reduce costs B． use the same logo in their marketing C． gain advantages by taking early action D． attract more shoppers by storing goods 第一部分 阅读理解 考点 3 生态环保类答案 1． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） 28． D【解析】纵观全文可知¸本文主要谈了将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一举措的 成效等¸故选 D。 29． C【解析】由第二段第一句话可知¸曾经黄石公园里有灰狼¸下文提到但后来由于人类的发展灰 狼数量逐渐减少¸几乎消失了¸因此可以推出¸displaced 意为“被迫离开”¸故选 C。 30． A【解析】第三段提到由于灰狼的消失¸鹿和麇鹿的数量快速增长¸消耗了大量的植被¸减少了 植物种类同时丛林狼的数量增多¸园内很多的红狐被猎杀¸而河狸也完全消失了¸由此推断出灰狼的消失 对公园内的生态环境产生了损害。故选 A。 31． B【解析】根据第五段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知¸作者认为这项工程很有价 值¸因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选 B。 2． （2017 江苏） 65． A【解析】根据上文中的“We are therefore． but to a constantly shifting set of conditions”可 知¸对于不断变化的环境¸没有一个通用的方法来解决所有这样的问题。故画线部分暗示的是适应环境也 是一个不断变化的过程。故 A 正确。 66． C【解析】根据第三段首句可知¸世界范围内尤其是一些贫穷地区的人们使用了令人意想不到 的方法去适应环境的改变¸化劣势为优势¸再结合下文的内容可知¸Rezwan 就是这么做的¸故答案为 C。 67． A【解析】由第四段中的“…He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring． ． ． ”可知¸他把水引入盆地¸水在那里结冰并被存储到春天使用¸故 A 正确。 68． D【解析】根据第六段的内容可知¸在秘鲁当地的农民会把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的 反射¸希望借此来保护冰不被融化¸再结合第五段的内容可知¸反射太阳光可能会减轻全球变暖¸故 D 项 正确。 69． D【解析】根据第七段中的“When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt”可知¸污染行业辩称因为人们没有赢得治理碳污 染的战役¸只能适应¸再结合下文的“it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual”可知 ¸作者认为污染行业的这种说法是荒谬的¸其目的是给自己的商业行为制造借口。由此可推知¸对于污染 行业来说¸负责任的做法是同碳污染抗争¸以减少碳排放¸故 D 正确。 70． B【解析】根据最后一段第二句“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution¨可知¸作者认为最明智的应对全球变暖的方法是减少碳排 放¸故 B 正确。 3． （2016 北京） 63． D【解析】文章没有直接说美国加利福尼亚州秃鹫引起了研究人员的兴趣¸但是结合第一段和 下文的“So scientists have come up with a shocking idea”可推断¸因为电线和铅中毒¸20 世纪 80 年代加 利福尼亚州秃鹫濒临灭绝¸因此它们引起了科研人员的兴趣。 64． B【解析】从题干中的 electrical lines 可知¸答案应定位在第三段。电线能使秃鹫丧命¸因为秃 鹫晚上休息的时候看不见电线¸而如果它们宽大的翅膀同时搭在两根电线上¸它们就会被电死¸因此选B。 65． D【解析】第五段讲述了铅中毒对秃鹫的危害：影响秃鹫的神经系统（A 错）¸影响秃鹫繁衍后代 的能力（D 正确）¸导致秃鹫肾衰竭（B 错）。科研人员给秃鹫使用一种化学药物¸帮助它们排出了体内 的铅（C 错）。因此选 D。 66． C【解析】本文介绍了美国加州秃鹫濒临灭绝的原因以及科研人员为挽救秃鹫而开展的研究工 作。另外¸文章的标题也直接表明了本文的主题：保护秃鹫的工作正让秃鹫以令人惊讶的速度恢复生机。 因此选 C。 4． （2016 江苏） 61． D【解析】根据第一段中的“El Nino sees warm water¸collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round”可知¸厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化¸因此 D 项正确。 62． C【解析】根据文章第二段中的“Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose”可知¸富裕的国家的收益大于损失¸因此选择 C。 63． A【解析】根据文中的“however¸just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance”与“This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction”可知¸这些数据说明了减少风险的投入太少¸政府应该加大这方面的投入¸因 此答案为 A。 64． D【解析】根据最后一段中的“Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority”可知¸作者通过此文呼吁人们为厄 尔尼诺现象提前做准备¸因此 D 项正确。 5． （2015 四川） 42． B 根据第二段中的“light from street lamps¸takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep”可知答案为 B。 43． B 根据第一段中的“But robins are in danger of weaning themselves out by singing too much” 及第四段中的最后一句可知答案为 B。 44． A 根据画线词所在段中的“being kept awake”及“During the breeding（繁殖）season,between April and June¸they are very active at night”可知¸nocturnal 的意思应是“夜间活动的”¸故选 A。 45． A 根据最后一段中的“It is thought that they are capitalizing on their predators （天敌）fleeing to quieter areas”可推知 A 项正确。 6． （2015 陕西） 54． B 根据第四段中的“…leads to air pollution and global warming”可知¸在阳光充足的环境中 生长的咖啡豆会导致空气污染和全球变暖。 55． D 根据文章最后一段中的“But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade -grown coffeewhenever possible. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee”可知¸消费者是有选择的¸要尽可能购买树荫下生长出来的咖啡豆¸因为这 对于地球的未来来说是很值得的。由此可以推断出¸作者写作本文的目的是“劝说”。故答案为 D。 56． A 由于文章主要说明的是在阳光充足的环境中生长的咖啡豆对周围环境的影响¸文章主题是 有关农业的¸由此可判断出本篇文章来自一本农业杂志。故答案为 A。 57． A 首先文章第一段提出在阳光充足的环境中生长的咖啡豆会带来一些危害；第二、三、四 段通过具体的事例来说明第一段的观点；第五段中¸作者总结上文内容并给出了自己的观点。故答案为 A。 7． （2014 新课标全国Ⅱ） 解读：这是一篇说明文¸介绍环保意识在美国从无到有¸逐渐增强¸环保教育势在必行。 25． C 细节理解题。依据第一段第二句"We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment¸let alone that there was a problem with it"得知 1970 年以前美国人对环境问题所知甚少。 26． A 细节理解题。依据第二段第二句中的"especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement"得知¸数以百万计的草根美国人才是支持环保的中流砥柱。 27． D 推理判断题。依据第二段后半部分推断¸美国政府多管齐下¸污染问题大为缓解。A 项错在 lowest¸B 项错在 have settled¸C 项错在 forty。 28． A 推理判断题。依据最后一段内容推断¸环保意识教育至关重要。 8． （2014 新课标全国Ⅰ） 24． D 根据第二段的内容可知¸据计算¸旅鸽数量最多时¸有 30 多亿只¸相当于美国鸟类总数的 24%-40%。到 1870 年¸旅鸽的数量已经减少了¸但是¸有人在 Cincinnati 附近看到鸽群的规模为 1 英里宽¸ 320 英里长。由此可见¸在 18 至 19 世纪¸旅鸽的数量最多。第一段的第二句也是关键信息。 25． B 根据第三段的内容可知¸旅鸽的数量巨大最终导致它们灭绝。undoing 意为“毁灭”¸与 ruin 同 义。 26． C 根据第三段可知¸商业猎人用大网来围捕旅鸽¸然后运到大城市卖给餐馆¸由此可见¸人们捕 杀旅鸽主要是为了赚钱。 27． B 根据最后一段的内容可知¸1 897 年密歇根州出台了法律¸禁止捕杀旅鸽。此时¸人们已经十 年没有看到大规模的旅鸽群出没。由此可知¸保护旅鸽的法律出台太晚了。 9． （2014 湖南） 解读：本文为议论文。本文论述了房屋使用者的行为对节能减排的重要性¸号召人们规范行为¸ 共同保护环境。 66． B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和最后一句可知¸房屋使用者的行为对节能减排起着至关 重要的作用。 67． D 代词指代题。研究表明¸人们在家中使用的能源和生活的方式在很大程度上已被提高能源 利用效率的现有努力所忽视¸这些努力反而被集中于农业和技术的发展。画线词所在句是一个非限制性 定语从句¸which 指代前文中的 existing efforts。 68． C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的"consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design"可知¸Katy Janda 旨在强调改变房屋使用者的消费模式的重要性。 69． A 细节理解题。根据第四段第四句中的"Feedback（反馈）facilities¸like smart meters and energy monitors¸could help bridge this information gap"可知¸反馈设备¸如智能仪表和能源监测器¸可以帮助填 补这一信息缺口。 70． C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"Social science research has added a further dimension （方面）¸suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted¨可知 ¸在家里的个人行为是无法预测的。 10． （2013 安徽） 解读：本文为议论文。文章阐述了人类活动对水资源的隐形影响。 60． C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"The more roads and parking lots we pave¸the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater． "可知选 C。 61． B 推理判断题。根据第二段首句"Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages（短 缺）． "可排除 A 项。根据第三段最后一句"This shows how much we depend on water to live¸but there's a lot we can do to lower the number． "可知 D 项不正确。该句中的 the number 指 的是用水量¸而不是家庭的人数¸C 项不正确。根据全文的内容可推知¸由于存在水浪费、水污染现象¸并 且水需求不断增长¸所以要解决水资源短缺矛盾需要付出大量的努力。故选 B。 62． D 写作意图题。本段首句"You can take steps to save water in your home． "是主题句¸接下来 从几个方面举例说明了节约水资源的方法。显然¸本段主要是讨论我们在家里应该如何节约用水。故选 D。 63． D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知¸本文为议论文¸讨论的是人类活动对水资源的隐形影响。故 选 D。 11． （2013 江西） 解读：本文是一篇议论文¸作者通过举例子阐述了旅游业带来的负面影响。 71． C 推理判断题。从第一段的最后一句话可知¸每个月都有另外一个太平洋岛屿被宣称是"地球 上最后的天堂"。其实太平洋中的岛屿也就那么多¸由此可以看出¸这些广告只是为了吸引游客¸是不可信 的。所以选 C 项。 72． D 推理判断题。从第三段中的"In fact¸the nature all too soon felt the effectsof thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land"可知¸尼泊尔为了在医疗健康和教育方面获得更多的资 金投入而大力发展旅游业¸对外开放了森林¸然而¸大自然很快就受到了旅游业带来的负面影响。这就是 作者在文章中举尼泊尔的例子的目的。 73． B 细节理解题。从第四段中的"The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization． ． ． now it is his smile that is exploited"可知¸昔日的农民摇身一变¸成为了服务员¸他们 不再是自己土地的主人了¸他们通过取悦游客来谋生。所以选 B 项。 74． D 细节理解题。从最后一段中的"The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit"可知¸旅游业的未来受到该行业的管理方式的影响。所以 选 D 项。 75． C 推理判断题。作者在文章中通过举例子阐述了旅游业带来的负面影响¸不偏不倚¸没有添加 任何个人感情¸所以作者对旅游业的发展的态度是客观的。 12． （2012 北京） 解读：荒野是否应该开发？仁者见仁¸智者见智。文中两种观点针锋相对¸莫衷一是。作者客观 分析¸冷静思考¸期待着事态的发展。 67． B 推理判断题。第二段的最后一句提到 John Sauven 认为"生态系统服务"远比开发的利益重 要¸由此可推断他的观点是开发荒野有害。 68． C 段落大意题。本段第二、三句是对另外一种观点的概括¸意思是荒野有益的服务不能作为 不开发的理由。 69． A 作者态度题。作者在最后两段中并没有直接表明自己的观点¸只是"客观"地进行叙述。 70． D 文章结构题。文章第一段提出中心论点；第二、三两段分别阐述了两种不同的观点；第 四段是作者自己的观点；最后一段是文章的结论。 13． (2011 安徽) 解读：风能曾经风光一时¸风能曾经黯然失色。在污染严重、能源衰竭的今天¸风能的优势再度 得以显现。 60． C 细节理解题 c 结合第二段第二句以及第三句的内容可知¸风车曾经给偏远地区的无线广播 提供电能。 61． B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的内容可知¸19 世纪晚期¸风能的一种新用途是"发电"。 62． A 推理判断题。最后一段提到人们在 20 世纪 70 年代开始关心用煤炭和天然气发电产生的 污染问题¸进而重新考虑风能¸由此可推知风能更加洁净。另外¸第一段第三句的内容也是线索提示。 63． D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句的内容可推测出作者接下来要讨论的可能是利用风 能发电这一全球趋势。 14． （2011 北京） 解读：继铁路、公路在美国西部修建之后¸太阳能发电站的兴建也将利弊共存¸同样对美国西部产生 深远的影响。 67． C 细节理解题。文章第二段谈到了 19 世纪修建铁路时¸政府把土地提供给了铁路公司¸这样 导致了国家土地转为私有¸因此土地管理就成了挑战¸由此可知 C 项符合题意。 68． B 细节理解题。从最后两段内容可知¸如何使用资金和能源是一个重要问题¸由此可知 B 项 正确。 69． A 观点态度题。根据文章第一段可知¸铁路、公路的修建对当地造成了一定的影响。在最后 一段最后一句中¸作者提醒¸建设太阳能发电站要记得当年修建铁路、公路造成的影响。故选 A。 70． B 标题概括题。19 世纪¸铁路、公路的修建为美国西部带来了深远的影响¸如今太阳能发电 站和输电线路的建设又将如何重塑美国西部呢？故 B 项最能概括文章大意。 15． （2010 福建） 解读：随着顾客环保意识的增强¸他们更倾向于从环境友好型的公司购买商品¸这就促使生产商品的 公司减少自身的碳排放。 64． D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍现在顾客的环保意识越来越强¸公司要想吸引顾客需要减少碳 排放¸所以 D 项正确。 65． A 词义猜测题。三分之二的顾客说有关环境的考虑对他们购物的影响程度和一年前相同。A 项（affect）意为"影响"¸符合语境。change 改变；disturb 打扰；reject 拒绝。 66． A 细节理解题。从第四段最后一句话可以看出减少碳排放也可以给公司带来益处¸故 A 项符 合题意。 67． C 推理判断题。从第四段最后一句和第五段第二句话可知¸早采取行动的公司会占据先机¸故 选 C 项。 考点 4 社会生活类 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New 0rleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day． UNESC0( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural 0rganization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures． Despite the celebrations, though, in the U． S． the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations． It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that． As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture． “Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan． “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore． It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital． ” Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost． “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958． It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran． Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran． “For me, it’s the recontextualization． In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues． Those are the things I want to foster． ” 28． Why did UNESC0 set April 30 as International Jazz Day? A． To remember the birth of jazz． B． To protect cultural diversity． C． To encourage people to study music． D． To recognize the value of jazz． 29． What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A． Jazz becoming more accessible． B． The production of jazz growing faster． C． Jazz being less popular with the young． D． The jazz audience becoming larger． 30． What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz? A． It will disappear gradually． B． It remains black and white． C． It should keep up with the times． D． It changes every 50 years． 31． Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A． Exploring the Future of Jazz． B． The Rise and Fall of Jazz． C． The Story of a Jazz Musician． D． Celebrating the Jazz Day． 2． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups． It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history． This time, however, the cleanup was a little different． As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end． The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater． Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building． Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate． The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down． Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete． He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason． “This used to be the center of town,” he said． “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses． ” Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place ． However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems． Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located． The theater audience said good-by as Bradford locked the doors for the last time． After 75 years the Plaza Theater has shown its last movie． The theater will be missed． 24． In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special? A． It made room for new equipment． B． It signaled the closedown of the theater． C． It was done with the help of the audience． D． It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater． 25． Why was The Last Picture Show put on? A． It was an all-time classic． B． It was about the history of the town． C． The audience requested it． D． The theater owner found it suitable． 26． What will probably happen to the building? A． It will be repaired． B． It will be turned into a museum． C． It will be knocked down． D． It will be sold to the city government． 27． What can we infer about the audience? A． They are disappointed with Bradford． B． They are sad to part with the old theater． C． They are supportive of the city officials． D． They are eager to have a shopping center． 3． （2017 北京） Measles(麻疹)，which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more， was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗)． But the disease is making a comeback， caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly． Already this year， 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA， compared with 189 for all of last year． The numbers might sound small ， but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend ． When vaccination rates are very high， as they still are in the nation as a whole， everyone is protected． This is called “herd immunity”， which protects the people who get hurt easily， including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons ， babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work． But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in． When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride， immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger． That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from 0range County ， California， where 22 measles cases were reported this month， to Brooklyn， N． Y． ， where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year． The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades ， and it is driven by a real but very small risk． Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer． Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten． Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免)， sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine． Now，several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out． But no one does enough to limit exemptions． Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons ． But personal opinions? Not good enough． Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide， but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks． 63． The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________． A． a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B． the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C． anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D． information about measles spreads quickly 64． Herd immunity works well when ____________． A． exemptions are allowed B． several vaccines are used together C． the whole neighborhood is involved in D． new regulations are added to the state laws 65． What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A． The overuse of vaccine． B． The lack of medical care． C． The features of measles itself． D． The vaccine opt-outs of some people． 66． What is the purpose of the passage? A． To introduce the idea of exemption． B． To discuss methods to cure measles． C． To stress the importance of vaccination． D． To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment． 4． （2017 江苏） Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loudsounds and voices． They can even distinguish their mother’svoice from that of a female stranger． But when it comes toembryonic learning (胎 教)，birds could rule the roost． Asrecently reported in The Auk: 0rnithological Advances，somemother birds may teach their young to sing even before theyhatch (孵化)． New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s callwithin a few days of entering the world． This educational method was first observed in 2012 bySonia Kleindorfer ， a biologist at Flinders University in SouthAustralia， and her colleagues． Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one soundover and over again while hatching their eggs． When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds madethe similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me!” call． To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird． First they collected sound data from 67nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching ． Then they identified begging calls byanalyzing the order and number of notes． A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced bymothers and chicks， ranking them by similarity． It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms ． And themore frequently mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies’ begging calls． Inaddition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closelyimitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food． This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological ( 神 经 系 统 的 ) strengths of children to parents． An evolutionary inference can then be drawn． “As a parent， doyou invest in quality children，or do you invest in children that are in need?” Kleindorfer asks． “0urresults suggest that they might be going for quality． ” 58． The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“”． A． be the worst B． be the best C． be the as bad D． be just as good 59． What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on? A． Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks． B． The observation of fairy wrens across Australia． C． The data collected from Queensland’s locals． D． Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds． 60． Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which ． A． can receive quality signals B． are in need of training C． fit the environment better D． make the loudest call 5． （2017 天津） Fifteen years ago，I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy． After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea，white buildings and green olive trees，I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama． Unfortunately，just as I took out my camera，a woman approached from behind，and planted herself right in front of my view． Like me，this woman was here to stop，sigh and appreciate the view． Patient as I was， after about 15 minutes， my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take， I grew frustrated． Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure ， I could have asked her ， but something prevented me from doing so． She seemed so content in her observation． I didn’t want to mess with that． Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored． The woman was still there． I decided to take the photo anyway ． And now when I look at it ， I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting． The landscape，beautiful on its own， somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it． This photo，with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it， now hangs on a wall in my bedroom． What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom，after all，is a very private space，in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存)． In some ways，she lives in my house． Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces． Perhaps this is what photos are for：to remind us that we all appreciate beauty，that we all share a common desire for pleasure，for connection， for something that is greater than us． That photo is a reminder，a captured moment，an unspoken conversation between two women， separated only by a thin square of glass． 41． What happened when the author was about to take a photo? A． Her camera stopped working． B． A woman blocked her view． C． Someone asked her to leave． D． A friend approached from behind． 42． According to the author，the woman was probably_______． A． enjoying herself B． losing her patience C． waiting for the sunset D． thinking about her past 43． In the author’s opinion，what makes the photo so alive? A． The rich color of the landscape． B． The perfect positioning of the camera． C． The woman’s existence in the photo． D． The soft sunlight that summer day． 44． The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________． A． the need to be close to nature B． the importance of private space C． the joy of the vacation in Italy D． the shared passion for beauty 45． The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _______． A． a particular life experience B． the pleasure of traveling C． the art of photography D． a lost friendship 6． （2016 新课标Ⅱ） Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚 拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries. 29． Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A． To explain what they are. B． To introduce BookCrossing. C． To stress the importance of reading. D． To encourage readers to share their ideas. 30． What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to? A． The book. B． An adventure. C． A public place. D． The identification number. 31． What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? A． Meet other readers to discuss it. B． Keep it safe in his bookcase. C． Pass it on to another reader. D． Mail it back to its owner. 32． What is the best title for the text? A． 0nline Reading: A Virtual Tour B． Electronic Books: A new Trend C． A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D． A Website Links People through Books 7． （2016 天津） Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding. We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first. Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works. Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over. When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable. 0ne day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing. Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired. 51. People with start-up fatigue are most likely to . A. delay tasks B. work hard C. seek help D. accept failure 52. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue? A. Writing essays in strict order. B. Building up physical strength. C. Leaving out the toughest ideas. D. Dealing with the hardest task first. 53. 0n what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue? A. Before starting a difficult task. B. When all the solutions fail. C. If the job is rather boring. D. After finding a way out. 54. According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us . A. ignore mental problems B. get some nice sleep C. gain complete relief D. find the right solution 55. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Success Is Built upon Failure B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue C. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems 8． （2016 浙江） “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whispers to Tori． With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did． Sean told me two days ago． ” Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly，Adam Freedman，I can tell you that what that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true． Still，Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me． Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)． I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group． An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about． Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret． The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes． Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie． People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain． If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it?The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us． Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t． Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group． ”In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感)． Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act． Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group． Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention ． The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook． The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation． The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story”might have． 41． The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to ． A． introduce a topicB． present an argument C． describe the charactersD． clarify his writing purpose 42． An important negative effects of gossip is that it． A． breaks up relationships B． embarrasses the listener C． spreads information aroundD． causes unpleasant experiences 43． In the author’sopinion，many people like to gossip because it． A． gives them a feeling of pleasure B． helps them to make more friends C． makes them better at telling stories D． enables them to meet important people 44． Professor David Wilson think that gossip can． A． provide students with written rules B． help people watch their own behaviors C． force school to improve student handbooks D． attract the police’s attention to group behaviors 45． What advice does the author give in the passage? A． Never become a gossiper B． Stay away from gossipers C． Don’t let gossip turn into lies D． Think twice before you gossip． 9． （2015 新课标Ⅰ） Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the“talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.” A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. 0ver the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening. The city’s“psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France. 32． What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope? A． Learn a new subject. B． Keep in touch with friends. C． Show off their knowledge. D． Express their true feelings. 33． How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes? A． They are less frequently visited. B． They stay open for longer hours. C． They have bigger night crowds. D． They start to serve fast food. 34． What are theme cafes expected to do? A． Create more jobs. B． Supply better drinks. C． Save the cafe business. D． Serve the neighborhood. 35． Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris? A． They bring people true friendship. B． They give people spiritual support. C． They help people realize their dreams. D． They offer a platform for business links. 10． （2015 福建） Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持) a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! 0f course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins （内啡肽）, and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work harD． The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone. Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision (监管) of a fitness instructor. If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don’t let fitness frighten you! If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn’t expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend． Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social! Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don’t let negativity ruin your motivation. 72． The first paragraph focuses on _______. A． the greatest challenge of group exercise B． the most effective way to improve physical fitness C． the contribution of group exercise to psychological health D． the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups 73． The underlined word "upbeat" in the second paragraph probably means “________”. A． cheerful B． average C． serious D． temporary 74． When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary _________ . A． to sustain a colorful lifestyle B． to party on weekends with positive people C． to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly D． to surround yourself with supportive people 75． What would be the best title for the passage? A． Seeking Support B． Supporting Health C． Improving Your Strength D． Building Up Fitness 11． （2014 湖北） You've flown halfway around the world ； you've sniffed out this placethat nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of；sowhat on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sinkinto an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand． It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee． By the time youfound the bus station and got yourself sorted out，it took almost as longas the flight from Falongland． Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin，about two hundredkilometres from Bangkok， down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand． Not many tourists find this place， and the ones that do wonder if findingit has been their purpose all along． There's an apparent laziness that surrounds you here ． It's what thisplace offers ， and it's free of charge． The small waves that tap theshoreline seem to slow everything down． You settle into your beach chairin preparation for a long rest． You sit there and watch the sea． It's early afternoon，so the cook comes out and asks what you'd liketo eat this evening． Before long he's rushed off to the market to buy theingredients for whatever it was that you ordered —every meal fresh andto order． No menu here． There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm ， clear blue sea ． There's no street noise． The only sounds are the murmursof nature． For now you just count your blessings(福祉)，listing them in the sand with your toe(脚趾)． You don't have to worry about being late for work． You don't have to do anything． The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线)，slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left，nowsteadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you． Sand to your leftand sand to your right; it's unbroken，endless． No start，no end，justsand， sun，and peace． Step off it，and you re-enter the world of traffic，stress，work，and hurry． Normally you're the type who can't sit still for more than tenminutes，but you're on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and，in the right frameof mind，it stretches all the way around the world． "How could it take me so long to find it?"you wonder． 63． When the author first went to Huaplee Beach ________ ． A． he found it unworthwhile B． he failed to sort himself out C． he became sensitive to smell D． he had difficulty in finding it 64． What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach? A． No menu． B． Free food． C． Self service． D． Quick delivery． 65． In the author's opinion，a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he _______ ． A． sits in a beach chair B． forgets his daily routine C． plans a detailed schedule D． draws pictures in the sand 66． What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage? A． He shouldn't have counted his blessings． B． He should have understood the wonder of nature． C． He shouldn't have spent so much time on the trip． D． He should have come to the place earlier． 12． (2014 新课标全国 I) As more and more people speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing． In fact，half of the 6，000 — 7，000 languages spoken around the worldtoday will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural 0rganization(UNESC0)． In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number oforganizations — UNESC0 and National Geographic among them — havefor many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures theyreflect． Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，isfollowing in that tradition． His recently published book，A Grammar ofThangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and TheirCulture ， grows out of his experience living-working，and raising a familyin a village in Nepal． Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditionsacross the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan，and China． But heis not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record． At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth ofimportant materials — including photographs， films，tape recordings，andfield notes — which had remained unstudied and were badly in need ofcare and protection． Now，through the two organizations that he has founded — theDigital Himalaya Project and the World 0ral Literature Project — Turinhas started a campaign to make such documents ， found in libraries andstores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the youngergenerations of communities from whom the materials were originallycollected． Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet ， Turin notes ， the endangered languages can be saved and reconnectedwith speech communities． 32． Many scholars are making efforts to __________ ． A． promote global languages B． rescue disappearing languages C． search for language communities D． set up language research organizations 33． What does "that tradition" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A． Having full records of the languages． B． Writing books on language teaching． C． Telling stories about language users． D． Living with the native speakers． 34． What is Turin9s book based on? A． The cultural studies in India． B． The documents available at Yale． C． His language research in Bhutan． D． His personal experience in Nepal． 35． Which of the following best describes Turin's work? A． Write，sell and donate． B． Record，repair and reward． C． Collect，protect and reconnect． D． Design，experiment and report． 13． (2014 浙江) Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how peoplebehave in，doing business in some countries． In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly． They often stand close whentalking and it is common for them to touch the person on theshoulder ． People often greet each other(particularly women) with light cheekkisses ． Schedules tend to be flexible ， with business meetings sometimesstarting later than planned． But to be safe，be on time． Meals canstretch for hours — there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil． Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon． Brazilians are social， preferring face-to-face communication over emails or phone calls． In Singapore Singaporeans s shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small ， polite bow ． Business cards should be offered andreceived with two hands ． Arriving late is considered disrespectful ． So be on time ． Efficiency ( 效 率 ) is the goal ， so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced． Singaporeans are direct in their discussions，even whenthe subject is about money． Rank is important and authority isrespected． This determines how people interact in meetings． Forexample， people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank． In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE，status is important，so the most senior or oldest shouldbe greeted first with their titles． The handshake seems to be longer thanelsewhere ． So do not pull away from the andshake ． Women shouldcover themselves when it comes to dress． Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows (肘部) and down to the knees． People do not avoid entertaining in their homes，but they also hold business meals atrestaurants． Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is tobe avoided． When meetings are one-to-one，if your host offers youcoffee， you should refuse． It might seem odd，but it is a culturaltradition． Coffee should only be accepted if it is already set out orpresented． In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name． They also are respectful of private lives． You should be careful not to ask about personal topics． Punctuality (守时) is vital， something that comes from a deep respect for others' time． Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe． They also have clear structure intheir companies． Higher-ups make the final decisions，even if othersmightdisagree． Neat， clean dress is expected． The Swiss follow formaltable manners． They also keep their hands visible at the table and theirelbows off the table． It is polite to finish the food on your plate． 46． The passage is mainly about ______． A． communication types B． the workplace atmosphere C． customs an social manners D． living conditions and standards 47． Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss? A． They put efficiency in the first place． B． They dislike face-to-face communication． C． They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible． D． They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank． 48． In the UAE，when should you refusethe coffee if it is offered? A． When greeting seniors． B． When meeting the host alone． C． When attending a presentation． D． When dining with business partners． 49． In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table? A． In Brazil． B． In Singapore． C． In the United Arab Emirates． D． In Switzerland． 14． （2013 辽宁） "Indeed，" George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785，"somekind of fly，or bug，had begun to eat the leaves before I left home ． "Butthe father of America was not the father of bug ． When Washington wrotethat，Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century，and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫)． But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language， leaving itto the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentiethcenturies． The American bug could also be a person ， referring to someone whowas crazy about a particular activity． Although fan became the usualterm，sports fans used to be called racing bugs， baseball bugs，and thelike． 0r the bug could be a small machine or object，for example，a bug-shaped car． The bug could also be a burglar alarm，from which comes the expression to bug，that is，"to install(安装) an alarm"． Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others'conversations． Since the 1840s， to bug has long meant" to cheat" andsince the 1940s it has been annoying． We also know the bugas a flaw in a computer program or otherdesign． That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison． In 1878he explained bugs as "little problems and difficulties" that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successfulproduct． In 1889 it was recorded that Edison "had been up the twoprevious nights discovering 'a bug' in his invented record player． " 68． We learn from Paragraph l that _______ A． Americans had difficulty in learn ing to use the word bug B． George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug C． the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century D． both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century 69． What does the word "flaw" in the last paragraph probably mean? A． Explanation． B． Finding． C． 0rigin． D． Fault． 70． The passage is mainly concerned wit ______． A． the misunderstanding of the word bug B． the development of the word bug C． the public views of the word bug D． the special characteristics of the word bug 15． ( 2013 北京) Does Fame Drive You Crazy? Although being famous might sound like a dream come true，today'sstars，feeling like zoo animals，face pressures that few of us canimagine ． They are at the center of much of the world9s attention． Paparazzi(狗仔队) camp outside their homes，cameras ready． Tabloids(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives． Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interruptedfor a signature! According to psychologist Christina Villarreal，celebrities — famouspeople — worry constantly about their public appearance． Eventually，they start to lose track of who they really are，seeing themselves the waytheir fans imagine them，not as the people they were before everyoneknew their names． "0ver time， " Villarreal says，" they feel separatedand alone． " The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages． In the 4th century B． C． ， painters followed Alexander the Great intobattle，hoping to picture his victories for his admirers． When CharlesDickens visited America in the 19th century，his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans，leading him to complain (拖忽圣) about his lack of privacy． Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do． Being a public figure today，however，is a lot more difficult than itused to be． Superstars cannot move about without worrying aboutphotographers with modern cameras． When they say something silly or do something ridiculous，there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their "story" alive forever． If fame is so troublesome，why aren't all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it． Some stars staycalm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or byescaping to remote places away from big cities． They focus not on howfamous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made themfamous in the first place． Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice． Still，even starswho enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are． Theyare tired of being famous already． 63． It can be learned from the passage that stars today _______． A． are often misunderstood by the public B． can no longer have their privacy protected C． spend too much on their public appearance D． care little about how they have come into fame 64． What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A． Great heroes of the past were generally admired． B． The problem faced by celebrities has a long history． C． Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids． D． Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers． 65． What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today _____． A． Availability of modern media． B． Inadequate social recognition． C． Lack of favorable chances． D． Huge population of fans． 66． What is the author's attitude toward modern celebrity? A． Sincere． B． Sceptical． C． Disapproving． D． Sympathetic． 16． （2013 安徽） "People are ruder today because they are rushed and more 'timepoor than ever before，" says Patsy Rowe，"Manners have fallen off the radar（雷达）． "Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people don't wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint( 抱 怨)about the noise． Here are some examples of rudeness． Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet． Tothem， dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary stepbackward． It feels very slow because humans don9t work at 4G speeds． When you have dinner with friends，you will often notice someone payingmore attention to his mobile phone． We have programmed ourselves tothink that every new message brings life-changing news，so taking callsand checking our texts are more important than talking to the people are with． What is worse，some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by email． However，rudeness is never acceptable． Don't assume it is 0K tobe rude if the person you're in touch with won't recognize you． If youhave something awful to say，have the courage to face the person and sayit， write a letter or email and sign it ， or forget it ． Upsetting people withunsigned messages is cruel and disgusting． We shouldn't blame technology for our shortcomings． Technology ishere to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives． Animportant step is acknowledging our shortcomings． People spend a lot oftime pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we'dpublicly acknowledge good manners when we see them． 68． What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph l? A． People can tell good from bad behavior． B． Radar is able to observe human behavior． C． People care little about their behavior． D． Radar can be used to predict human behavior． 69． Some people are less willing to deal with humans because _____ ． A． they are becoming less patient B． they are growing too independent C． they have to handle many important messages D． they have to follow an evolutionary step backward 70． The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is ______ ． A． ridiculous B． disgusting C． acceptable D． reasonable 71． What can we learn from the last paragraph? A． We should applaud good behavior． B． Technology can never be blamed． C． We should keep pointing out mistakes． D． Technology will take over our lives one day． 17． （2013 湖北） We've reached a strange — some would say unusual — point． While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vitalimportance according to a recent report from the World Health0rganization (WH0)， more people now die from being overweight ， or say ， from being extremely fat ， than from being underweight． It's thegood life that's more likely to kill us these days． Worse ， nearly 18 million children under the age of five around theworld are estimated to be overweight． What's going on? We really don't have many excuses for our weight problems． Thedangers of the problemhave been drilled into us by public-healthcampaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through — up to a point． In the 1970s ， Finland ， for example ， had the highest rate of heartdisease in the world and being overweight was its main cause． Not anymore． A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heartdisease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades． Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland takingdiet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005，and doctors even offersurgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body． Thathas become a sort of fashion． No wonder it ranks as the world's mostbody-conscious country． We know what we should be doing to lose weight — but actually doing it is another matter． By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise． More than half of us admit we lack willpower． 0thers blame good food． They say: it's just too inviting and itmakes them overeat． Still others lay the blame on the Americans，complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food． Some also blame their parents — the genes． But unfortunately，the parents are wronged because they're normal in shape，or rather slim． It's a similar story around the world ， although people are relativelyunlikely to have tried to lose weight． Parents are eager to see their kidsshape up． Do as I say — not as I do． 59． What is the "strange" point mentioned in the first sentence? A． The good life is a greater risk than the bad life． B． Starvation is taking more people's lives in the world． C． WH0 report shows people's unawareness of food safety． D． 0verweight issue remains unresolved despite WH0's efforts． 60． Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight? A． A lot of effective diet pills are available． B． Body image has nothing to do with good food． C． They have been made fully aware of its dangers． D． There are too many overweight people in the world． 61． The example of Finland is used to illustrate _______ ． A． the cause of heart disease B． the fashion of body shaping C． the effectiveness of a campaign D． the history of a body-conscious country 62． Which would be the best title for the passage? A． Actions or Excuses? B． 0verweight or Underweight? C． WH0 in a Dilemma D． No Longer Dying of Hunger 18． （2012 安徽） Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personalexperiences． To the Egyptians，green was a color that represented thehope and joy of spring，while for Muslims，it means heaven． Red is asymbol of good luck in many cultures． In China，children are givenmoney in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year． Formany nations，blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs． Greekpeople often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(灾祸)． People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions(反应)toward them． Green is said to be the most restful color ． It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically． People who work in green environments have been found to have fewerstomach aches． Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites(食欲)． Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant． Similarly，many commercial websites will have ared "Buy Now"button because red is a color that easily catches aperson's eye． Blue is another calming color． Unlike red，blue can cause people tolose appetite． So if you want to eat less，some suggest that eating fromblue plates can help． The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color todecorate your room ，think about the color carefully． 60． Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their _______． A． cultural values B． commercial purposes C． personal experiences D． physical reactions to the color 61． Why will many commercial websites have a red "Buy Now" button? A． To relax people physically． B． To increase people's appetites． C． To encourage people to make a purchase． D． To cause a person's blood pressure to rise． 62． What color might help lose weight according to the text? A． Red． B． Green． C． Blue． D． Purple． 63． Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text? A． Colors and Human Beings B． The Cultural Meaning of Color C． Colors and Personal Experiences D． The Meaning and Function of Color 19． （2011 天津） Blind imitation (模仿) is self-destruction． To those who do not recognize their unique worth， imitation appears attractive，to those who know their strength，imitation is unacceptable． In the early stages of skill or character development，imitation is helpful． When I first learned to cook， I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes． But soon I grew bored． Why follow someone else'sway ofcooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is likeusing training wheels on a child's bicycle；they help you get going，butonce you find your own balance，you fly faster and farther without relying on them． In daily life，imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models． If， as a child， you observed people whose lives were bad，you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal andgone on to follow what they did． If you do not make strong choices foryourself， you will get the results of the weak choices of others． In the field of entertainment，our culture glorifies celebrities． Thosestars look great on screen． But when they step off screen，their personallives may be disastrous． If you are going to follow someone，focus ontheir talent，not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors． Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to createsomething unique． Think of the movies，books，teachers，and friendsthat have affected you most deeply． They touched you because theircreations were motivated by inspiration，not desperation． The world ischanged not by those who do what has been done before them，but bythose who do what has been done inside them． Creative people have anendless resource of ideas． The problem a creator faces is not running outof material，it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door ofimagination． Study your role models ， accept the gifts they have given ， and leavebehind what does not serve you． Then you can say，"I stand on theshoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory， and know thatthey are cheering me on． " 51． Imitation proves useful when you ______ ． A． know you are unique B． lose the balance of life C． begin to learn something new D． get tired of routine practice 52． To avoid the bad result of imitation，we should ______ ． A． forget daily fear and pain B． choose the right example C． ask others for decisions D． stay away from stars 53． According to the author，the world moves on because of those who are ______． A． desperate to influence others with their knowledge B． ready to turn their original ideas into reality C． eager to discover what theirancestors did D． willing to accept others' ideas 54． The trouble a creator faces is ______ ． A． the lack of strong motivation B． the absence of practical ideas C． how to search for more materials D． how to use imagination creatively 55． What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A． To highlight the importance of creativity． B． To criticize the characters of role models． C． To compare imitation with creation． D． To explain the meaning of success． 20． (2010 安徽) American cities are similar to other cities around the world: Inevery country，cities reflect the values of the culture． American citiesare changing，just as American society is changing． After World warn，the population of most large American citiesdecreased；however，the population in many Sun Belt cities increased Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts(转移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society． In the late 1940s and early 1950s，city residents (居 民) became wealthier． They had more children so they needed more space． They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes． They bought houses in the suburbs(郊区) ． Now things are changing ． The children of the people who left thecities in the 1950s are now adults． Many，unlike their parents，want tolive in the cities． They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and olderones of the Northeast and Midwest． Many young professionals are movingback into the city． They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobsare there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the cityoffers． This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits． Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because theowners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead offor rent． In the 1950s，many poor people did not have enough money tomove to the suburbs: now many of these same people do not have enoughmoney to stay in the cities． 0nly a few years ago，people thought that the older American citieswere dying． Some city residents now see a bright，new future． 0therssee only problems and conflicts． 0ne thing is sure: many dying cities arealive again． 64． What does the author think of cities all over the world? A． They are alive． B． They are hopeless． C． They are similar． D． They are different． 65． Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War II ? A． Because older American cities were dying． B． Because they were richer and needed more space． C． Because cities contained the worst parts of society． D． Because they could hardly afford to live in the city． 66． According to the 4th paragraph，a great many poor people in American cities _______． A． are faced with housing problems B． are forced to move to the suburbs C． want to sell their buildings D． need more money for daily expenses 67． We can conclude from the text that ________ ． A． American cities are changing for the worse B． people have different views on American cities C． many people are now moving from American cities D． the population is decreasing in older American cities 第一部分 阅读理解 考点 4 社会生活类答案 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） 28． D【解析】根据第一段的第二句“UNESC0(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural 0rganization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying（联合）voice across cultures”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把 4 月 30 日设立为国际爵士乐 日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为 D。 29． C【解析】根据语境可知，画线词 that 指代上段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。A 项是杰 森·莫兰希望做到的事情，可排除；原文没有信息支撑 B 项，可排除；D 项与原文的意思相反，可排除。 30． C【解析】根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改 变，才能吸引更多的听众。根据文章内容可知，A 项和 B 项错误，应排除；根据第五段中的“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958”可知，当前的爵士乐不能按照 1908 年或 1958 年 的方式向观众呈现，因此排除 D 项。 31． A【解析】本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容 尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A 项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本 文标题最佳。虽然文中提到了爵士乐的衰落，但 B 项不能概括全文的内容，应排除；本文并不是讲述爵 士乐音乐家的故事，可排除 C；本文并没有提到在国际爵士乐日当天有哪些庆祝活动，可排除 D。 2． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） 24． B【解析】根据第一段的最后一句“As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end”可推断出， 工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭作准备。故选 B。 25． D【解析】根据第二段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate”可知，剧院的老板亲自选定了 The Last Picture Show 这部电影，因为他认为这部电 影很适合。原文中的“appropriate”和 D 选项的“suitable”都表示“合适的”。故选 D。 26． C【解析】第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地建综 合购物大楼，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选 C。 27． B【解析】根据第二段第二句“Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building”可知，观众含泪观看最后一部电影， 想向剧院告别；再结合最后一段最后一句“The theater． will be missed”可以推断出观众对剧院恋恋不 舍，与剧院告别让他们感到很悲伤。故选 B。 3． （2017 北京） 63． A【解析】根据前两段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“The numbers might sound small， but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend”可知，少量的麻疹病例却能引起危险的趋势。 64． C【解析】根据第三段中的“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in” 可知，只有在大家都参加疫苗接种的情况下群体免疫力才有作用。A 选项“颠倒是非”，由第六段的 “Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)…”可知 A 项错误；B 项 文章未提及；根据第七段“Now，several...But no one does enough to limit exemptions”可知 D 项错 误。 65． D【解析】根据全文内容，尤其是第一段和第六段中的“Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out( 决 定 不 参 加 ) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten”可知，麻疹死灰复燃的主要原因是一些人不参加疫苗接种。 66． C【解析】根据最后一段中的“Everyone' enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide， but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks”并结合文中所述的麻疹死灰复燃的事实可知，作 者的目的是强调麻疹疫苗接种的重要性。 4． （2017 江苏） 58． B【解析】根据句中的转折词 But 与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色可知选择 B。 59． A【解析】根据第二、三、四段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers”，第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知，Kleindorfer 的发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出 的叫声的相似性的，因此本题答案为 A。 60． C【解析】根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句和最后一段中的“An evolutionary inference can then be drawn”可知，与母鸟的叫声最相似的幼鸟可以得到最多的食物，这也能说明它符合进化论的理论： 适者生存，故本题答案为 C。 5． （2017 天津） 41． B【解析】由第二段可知，作者找到一个取景的地方准备拍下全景的时候，一个女士从她身 后过来，然后就站在她前面，也在那里欣赏风景，因此选 B。 42． A【解析】由第三段中的“She seemed so content in her observation”可知，那位女士似乎在 怡然地观赏风景，因此选 A。 43． C【解析】根据第四段的最后两句可知，正是因为那位女士站在镜头里欣赏风景，所以拍摄 的照片有了生命力，因此选 C。 44． D【解析】第六段说，我们都生活在彼此的空间里，我们都欣赏美，都有分享快乐的共同渴 望，因此选 D。 45． A【解析】本文通过讲述作者一次旅游时拍照的经历告诉我们：我们都有对美的追求。因此 本文是作者对一次旅游拍照经历的遐思。 6． （2016 新课标Ⅱ） 29． B【解析】根据第一段的“Now，the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group”可知，作者提到 book groups 是为了引出 BookCrossing。故选 B 项。 30． A【解析】根据第二段中的“hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide...”可知，此处的“it”指的是“the book”。故选 A 项。 31． C【解析】根据第二段中的“BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book． Then the personleaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”可知，读完书之后，BookCrossers 将会把它继续传递给其他 的读者。故选 C 项。 32． D【解析】根据第一段的最后一句“Now，the website BookCrossing.com tums the page on the traditional idea of a book group”以及其余的内容可知，本篇文章主要介绍了 BookCrossing.com 网站的功 能及其创建的意义。故选 D 项。 7． （2016 天津） 51． A【解析】根据第二段中的“we keep putting off a task…the longer we delay it，the more tired we feel”可知应选 A，keep putting off a task 与 A 项的 delay tasks 照应。 52． D【解析】根据第三段的第二句“The solution is... always handle the most difficult job first”可 知，优先解决最困难的任务是避免启动疲劳的方法。 53． B【解析】根据第五段的第三句“Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again”可知，当所有的尝试都失败后，人就会感到疲惫。 54． D【解析】 倒数第三段的最后一句“Relieved，I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep”以及 倒数第二段的“An hour later，I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind”告诉我们，当陷入困 境时，不妨暂时放松休息，过一段时间之后，情况自会有所好转，在无意识的状态下可能会找到正确的 方法。 55． C【解析】文章首尾呼应，主题鲜明，主要介绍了摆脱启动疲惫和执行疲惫从而获得成功的 方法。 8． （2016 浙江） 41． A【解析】根据文章开头的对话内容和下文内容可知，作者使用对话的主要目的在于引出本 文的话题“人们为什么喜欢说闲话”，故选 A 项。 42． D【解析】 从文章第三段中的“I have noticed three effects of gossip...in a group”和第四段中 的“An important negative effect of gossip is that…talked about”可推知，说闲话的一个重要的负面影响 是给被别人说闲话的人带来不愉快的体验，所以选 D 项。 43． A【解析】从第三段中的“it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction”和第五段中的“gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging...”可知，很多人喜欢说闲话是因为他们可以从中 获得某种满足感，所以选 A 项。 44． B【解析】从全文倒数第二段中的“Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group”可知，说闲话会帮助群体成员观察自身的行为习惯。所以选 B 项。 45． D【解析】从最后一段中的“The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip...”可知，作者建议我们在说闲话时要慎重考虑，所以选 D 项。 9． （2015 新课标Ⅰ） 32． D 第一段中的“Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings”一句表明，the cafe La Chope 鼓励人们表达自己的真实情感。 33． A 根据第二段可知，多年来，咖啡馆受到人们生活方式变化的影响。由文中的“longer working hours，a fast-food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home”可推知人们（现在） 不经常去咖啡馆了。 34． C 根据第二段第三句中的“It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes”可知，主题 咖啡馆的目的就是拯救日趋没落的咖啡行业。 35． B 根据最后一段可知，“心理咖啡馆”之所以变得受欢迎是因为在这里举办讨论活动的心理学 家能抚慰人们的心灵。文中的“People have few real friends． And they need to open up”暗示来这里的顾 客需要精神支柱。 10． （2015 福建） 72． C 根据该段的内容尤其是" However，studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health"可知，集体运动对心理 健康有好处。 73． A 根据语境，尤其是句中的"If you're tired of"可知 upbeat 所表达的含义应该与 cheerful 意思 相近。 74． D 根据第三段第一句话中的"...people who’ll provide you with the properemotional support"和最 后一段中的"the people you surround yourself with are supportive"可知答案。 75． B 结合全文，尤其是文章的最后一段可知，作者建议我们和那些能给我们提供支持与帮助的 乐观人群在一起进行集体运动，这有利于我们的身心健康，所以用 Supporting Health 作为标题最适合。 11． （2014 湖北） 解读：本文介绍了泰国一个静谧的海滩。在这里，你可以享受沙滩、阳光和宁静；在这里，你 可以忘掉职场上的疲惫。 63． D 推理判断题。根据文章中的"flown halfway around the world""a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee"及"it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland"可知，选 D。 64． A 细节理解题。第五段说到作者在这里就餐的情况：你说要吃什么，厨师就去市场买，没 有现成的菜单，一切都是新鲜的，按要求定做的，因此选 A。 65． B 推理判断题。第七段说，来到这个海滩，用脚趾在海滩上把自己的那些福祉列出来，你 不必担心上班迟到，你什么都不用干，这与 B 项描述是一致的，即：忘掉你的 日常生活。 66． D 推理判断题。通读文章内容可知，作者在文章结尾说"我怎么花了那么长时间才找到这里 呢？"不是表达"他不该数自己的福祉"、"他应该早点了解大自然的神奇"或者"他不该在路途上花太多时 间"的意思。而表达的意思是 D，即"他应该早点来这里"。 12． (2014 新课标全国 I) 解读：本文介绍了耶鲁大学的科学家 Mark Turin 为保护濒临消失的语言而做出的不懈努力。 32． B 细节理解题。第一段说到下个世纪，很多语言将濒临消失。根据第二段中的"In an effort to prevent language loss"可知，很多学者成立了一些机构，致力于记录即将消失的语言和它们所体现的文 化。 33． A 名词指代题。根据第二段的内容可知，有很多学者一直致力于语言和文化的保护工作。 再结合第三段的第一句话可知，耶鲁大学的 Mark Turin 也在做这件事，即记录语言，防止语言的消失。 34． D 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，Mark Turin 的书是以自己在尼泊尔的一个村子 里的个人经历为基础的。 35． C 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Mark Turin 正在从事的工作是保护即将消失的语言。因 此他要搜集语言、保护语言、然后将其重新连接起来。文中出现了 documenting， record，其实就是指 他搜集(collect)语言；文章第五段中的"in need of care and protection"与选项中的 protect 相照应；最后一 句出现了 reconnected。因此最佳答案为 C。 13． (2014 浙江) 解读：本文主要介绍了在巴西、新加坡、阿拉伯联合酋长国和瑞士这四个国家的生意场上应该注意 的举止、礼仪。 46． C 主旨大意题。由文章的第一段"Here some…in doing business in some countries"可知，本文 主要介绍了人们必须了解的在一些国家的生意场上的礼仪。故选 C 项。 47． D 细节理解题。由 In Singapore 部分中的"Rank is important and authority． ． ． a higher rank" 可知选 D。 48． B 细节理解题。由 In the United Arab Emirates 部分中的"When meetings are one-to-one， if your host offers you coffee，you should refuse"可知，一对一的聚会中，如果主人向你提供咖啡，你要拒 绝。故选 B。 49． D 细节理解题。由 In Switzerland 部分的倒数第二句"They also keep their hands visible at the table"可知，D 项正确。 14． （2013 辽宁） 解读：本文主要向我们介绍了英语中 bug 一词的演变。 68． D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs. . . in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries"可知，美国人和英国人在十八世纪都用过 bug 这个词。 69． D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的"In 1878 he explained bugs as little problems and difficulties" 可知 flaw 与 fault 同义。 70． B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，整篇文章在向我们介绍 bug 一词的演变，故 B 项正确。 15． ( 2013 北京) 解读：头上笼罩着耀眼的光环，心底却埋藏着难言的苦衷，这就是公众人物的生活。 63． B 推理判断题。第一段的后半部分提到狗仔队驻扎在明星家附近伺机拍摄，小报散布有关 他们私生活的耸人听闻的消息，还有无处不在的拍照和签名，由此可推测如今的明星毫无隐私可言。 64． B 段落大意题。本段的第一句是主题句，根据本句的内容可知，名人所面临的问题由来已 久。 65． A 推理判断题。第四段的开头部分提到如今做一名公众人物比以往更加困难，再结合本段 中的"modern cameras"和"the Internet"可知，之所以这样是因为现代化媒体在推波助澜。 66． D 态度推断题。结合第一段中的"today's stars，feeling like zoo animals，face pressures thatfew of us can imagine"以及最后一段后两句中的内容可知，作者对现代名人满怀"同情"。 16． （2013 安徽） 解读：本文为议论文。随着电子产品和网络的普及，人们越来越匆忙，也变得更加粗鲁，更不注重 礼貌。 68． C 句意理解题。文章开门见山地提出了论点"People are ruder today because they are rushed and moretime poor than ever before"，画线句子是对上述观点的一个形象比喻，是对上句观点的展开。 故选 C。 69． A 推理判断题。根据第二段内容，尤其是第二、三句"To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward． It feels very slow because humans don't work at 4G speeds"可推知，一 些人不太愿意与人打交道，因为他们正变得不太有耐心，故选 A。 70． B 作者观点题。根据第三段最后一句"Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting"可知答案。 71． A 综合理解题。B 项是对最后一段首句"We shouldn't blame technology for our shortcomings" 的错误解读；根据最后一句"People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we'd publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them"可知 C 项不正确。D 项是对最后一段第二句"Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives． "的错误解读。根据最后一句中的"but it would be even more helpful if we'd publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them"可知 A 项正确。 17． （2013 湖北） 解读：这是一篇议论文。这个世界真奇怪，一方面，我们在与全球性饥饿问题作斗争，另一方 面，肥胖却成为人类健康的杀手。 59． A 细节理解题。第一段指出一个奇怪的现象：一方面，WH0 的报告表明应对全球性饥饿问 题至关重要，另一方面，因肥胖而死的人比因过瘦而死的人多，由此判断选 A"生活太好带来的危害比 生活太苦带来的危害更大"。B 项"饥饿使世界上更多的人死去"，C 项" WH0 的报告表明人们没有意识到 食品安全问题"，D 项"尽管 WH0 在努力，肥胖问题依旧没有解决"，都不正确。 60． C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，2001 年开始的公众健康运动已经使人们深刻意识到了肥 胖的危害，因此在芬兰，人们通过吃减肥药，做抽脂手术来减肥；根据第六段可知，我们知道要减肥的 话该做什么，但做不做又是另外一个问题了。从这些信息看，作者认为不能为肥胖找借口，因为人们知 道肥胖的危害。 61． C 推理判断题 c 根据第四段可知，在芬兰，70 年代由肥胖引起的心脏病发病率世界最高， 通过公共健康运动，心脏病的死亡率在过去 30 年下降了 80%。因此作者介绍芬兰不是为了说明心脏病 的起因、塑身的时尚、关注身材的国家的历史，而是说明这个国家掀起的健康运动的效果。 62． A 标题概括题。本文作者以嘲讽的口吻探讨肥胖问题，说人们都知道肥胖的危害，却不愿 意采取措施去减肥。把肥胖归咎于缺乏毅力、快餐、遗传基因等，因此本文的主题应该是 A 项：是行 动起来，还是继续为自己找借口？ 18． （2012 安徽） 解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就不同文化中对于颜色含义的理解以及． 颜色在商业、生活 中的作用进行了说明。 60． A 细节理解题。根据第二段的主题句"the answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences"并结合该段内容可知，此段讲述的是在不同文化中人们对颜色的理解，故选 A。 61． C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，商业网站选用红色作为"现在就买"的按钮的颜色 是因为红色容易吸引顾客的眼球，可以鼓励顾客购买商品。 62． C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的"…blue can cause people to lose appetite． So if you want to eat less，some suggest that eating from blue plates can help"可知，蓝色可以减少人的食欲，有助于减肥。 63． D 标题概括题。本文就不同文化中对于颜色含义的理解以及颜色的作用展开了说明，故 D 项最适合作为本文标题。 19． （2011 天津） 解读：本文是一篇议论文，告诉我们不要盲目模仿，要有创造力。 51． C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容，尤其是所举的例子"当我最初学做饭的时候，用菜谱 能做出一些美味的食物"可知，初学新东西时模仿是有帮助的，故选 C。 52． B 推理判断题。根据文章第三、四段的内容可知，为了避免模仿的负面效果，我们应该选 对模仿对象。故选 B。 53． B 细节理解题。根据文章第五段的第四句"The world is changed not by... but by those who do what has been done inside them"可推知选 B。 54． D 细节理解题。根据文章第五段的最后一句"The problem a creator faces... is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagination"可知，一个创造者面临的问题是如何创造性地利用想象， 故选 D。 55． A 作者意图题。本文讲的是我们不要盲目模仿，要有创造力。故作者强调的是创造力的重 要性。故选 A。 20． (2010 安徽) 解读：世界各地的城市大同小异。美国的城市和美国社会一样发生着变化。昔日的市民涌往 郊区，他们的后代却向往城市。住房问题是穷人心中永远的痛。古老的城市如今又 焕发出勃勃生机。 64． C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句的内容可知，作者认为全世界的城市都是相似的。 65． B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的内容可知，二战后，城市居民变得更加富裕，养育了更多 的孩子，他们需要更多的空间，所以想住在郊区。 66． A 推理判断题。由第四段可知，无数穷人被迫离开他们的住所，以前他们没有钱搬到郊区， 如今他们没有钱生活在城市中了，由此可知他们面临住房问题。 67． B 推理判断题。最后一段提到，一些美国城市居民看到的是城市灿烂的未来，而其他人看 到的仅仅是问题和冲突，由此可推测人们对美国城市的观点不同。 考点 5 时事新闻类 1． （2017 江苏） A new commodity brings about a highly profitable，fast-growing industry，urging antitrust（反垄断） regulators to step in to check those who control its flow． A century ago，the resource in question was oil． Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants（巨头）that deal in data， the oil of the digital age ． The most valuable firms are Google ， Amazon ， Facebook and Microsoft ． All look unstoppable． Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up ． But size alone is not a crime． The giants’success has benefited consumers． Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery． Far from charging consumers high prices， many of these services are free (users pay， in effect ， by handing over yet more data) ． And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves，too． But there is cause for concern． The internet has made data abundant，all-present and far more valuable， changing the nature of data and competition． Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better． But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition，to be sold to other companies． Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power． So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond． This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful． Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time，one of them would become great again． A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent， two ideas stand out． The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century． When considering a merger(兼并)，for example， they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in． They now need to take into account the extent of firms’data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals． The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat． When this takes place， especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of， the regulators should raise red flags． The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them． Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form it． Govemments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data，with users’ consent． Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments don’t wants a data oconomy by a few giants，they must act soon． 61． Why is there a call to break up giants? A． They have controlled the data market B． They collect enormous private data C． They no longer provide free services D． They dismissed some new-born giants 62． What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate? A． Data giants’ technology is very expensive B． Google’s idea is popular among data firms C． Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position D． Data can be turned into new services or products 63． By paying attention to firms’ data assets， antitrust regulators could． A． kill a new threat B． avoid the size trap C． favour bigger firms D． charge higher prices 64． What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data? A． Big companies could relieve data security pressure． B． Governments could relieve their financial pressure． C． Consumers could better protect their privacy． D． Small companies could get more opportunities． 2． (2016 北京) Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪) Natalie Doan，14，has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway，New York． Living just a few blocks from the beach，Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house． “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，”she says． 0n 0ctober 29，2012，that ocean turned fierce． That night，Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast，and Rockaway was hit especially hard． Fortunately，Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed． When they returned to Rockaway the next day ，they found their neighborhood in ruins ． Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away． All around her，people were suffering， especially the elderly ． Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn． In the following few days，the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie． Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys． Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild． Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings． “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me，” Natalie says． “but I can always choose how I deal with it． ” Natalie’s choice was to help． She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help ． Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down． Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced． In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids：Christopher, who received a new basketball； Charlie, who got a new keyboard． Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway． Her efforts made her a famous person． Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change． Today，the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air． The streets are clear ， and many homes have been rebuilt ． “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares． “My neighborhood will be back，even stronger than before． ” 59． When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane，she found______． A． some friends had lost their lives B． her neighborhood was destroyed C． her school had moved to Brooklyn D． the elderly were free from suffering 60． According to paragraph4，who inspired Natalie most? A． The people helping Rockaway rebuild B． The people trapped in high-rise building C． The volunteers donating money to survivors D． Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people 61． How did Natalie help the survivors? A． She gave her toys to the kids B． She took care of younger children C． She called on the White House to help D． She built an information sharing platform 62． What does the story intend to tell us? A． Little people can make a big difference B． A friend in need is a friend indeed C． East or west，home is best D． Technology is power 3． (2015 新课标Ⅰ) Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities. The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg，Florida. 28． Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1? A． 0ptimistic. B． Productive. C． Generous. D． Traditional. 29． What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be? A． 0ne of his masterworks. B． A successful screen adaptation. C. An artistic creation for the stage. D． 0ne of the beat TV programmes. 30． How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali? A． By popularity. B． By importance. C． By size and shape. D． By time and subject. 31． What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A． Artworks. B． Projects.C． Donations. D． Documents. 4． (2015 新课标Ⅱ) More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to 0xbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service(UCAS). That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said. But not everyone is happy. 0wain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student had ship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and More students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term-time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,”he said. 29． What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A． It is flexible in length.B． It is a time for relaxation. C． It is increasingly popular.D． It is required by universities. 30． According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year______. A． are better prepared for college studies B． know a lot more about their future jobs C． are more likely to leave university in debt D． have a better chance to enter top universities 31． How does 0wain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon? A． He’s puzzled.B． He’s worried. C． He’s surprised.D． He’s annoyed. 32． What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics? A． Attend additional courses.B． Make plans for the new term. C． Earn money for their education.D． Prepare for their graduate studies. 5． (2014 四川) A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart． Izzy，nine，restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing． Izzy's mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use PR． However，she quickly discovered her arms weren9t strong enough，soshe stamped on her father's chest instead． Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions ( 按 压 ) until the ambulance arrived． Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said: "Ijust kicked him really hard． My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn'tstrong enough to use hands． I was quite scared． The doctor said I mightas well be a doctor or a nurse． My mum said that Dad． was going tohospital with a big footprint on his chest． " "She's a little star，"said Debbie． "I was really upset but Izzy justtook over． I just can't believe what she did． I really think all childrenshould be taught first aid． Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up． Colmhad to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got tosee an expert． " Truck driver Colm，35，suffered a mystery allergic reaction onSaturday and was taken to hospital，but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day． The second attack was so serious that hisairway swelled， preventing him from breathing，his blood pressure dropped suddenly，and his heart stopped for a moment． He has now made a full recovery from his suffering． 39． Izzy kicked her father in the chest _______． A． to express her helplessness B． to practise CPR on him C． to keep him awake D． to restart his heart 40． What's the right order of the events? ①Izzy kicked Colm． ②Debbie called 999． ③Izzy learned CPR． ④ DColm's heart stopped． A． ③①②④ B． ④②③① C． ③④②① D． ④③①② 41． What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about? A． What Colm suffered． B． Colm's present condition． C． What caused Colm's allergy． D． Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction． 42． Why does the author write the news ? A． To describe a serious accident． B． To prove the importance of CPR． C． To report a 9-year-old girl's brave act． D． To call people's attention to allergic reaction． 6． (2013 四川) L0ND0N— A British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake( 假 冒 的 ) bomb detectors( 探 测 器 ) t0 10 years in prison ， saying the man hadn't cared about potentially deadly consequences． It is believed that James McCormick got about $77.8 million fromthe sales of his detectors — which were based on a kind of golf ballfinder — to countries including Iraq，Belgium and Saudi Arabia． McCormick，57，was convicted (判罪) of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the 0ld Bailey court in London． "Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipmentsimply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocentpeople，"Judge Richard． Hone told McCormick． "You have neitherregret， nor shame，nor any sense of guilt． " The detectors，sold for up to $ 42，000 each，were said to be ableto find such dangerous objects as bombs under water andfrom the air． But in fact they "lacked any grounding in science" and were of no use． McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya，the prison service in Hong Kong，the army in Egypt and theborder control in Thailand． "I never had any bad results from customers，"he said． 39． Why was McCormick sentencedto prison ? A． He sold bombs． B． He caused death of people． C． He made detectors． D． He cheated in business． 40． According to the judge，what McCormick had done _______ ． A． increased the cost of safeguarding B． lowered people's guard against anger C． changed people's idea of social security D． caused innocent people to commit crimes 41． Which of the following is true of the detectors? A． They have not been sold to Africa． B． They have caused many serious problems． C． They can find dangerous objects in water． D． They don't function on the basis of science． 42． It can be inferred from the passage that McCormick ______ ． A． sold the equipment at a low price B． was well-known in most countries C． did not think he had committed the crime D． had not got such huge profit as mentioned in the text 7． (2012 全国 II) ADDIS ABABA，Ethiopia — 0ne of the world's most famous fossils(化石) — the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 — will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first timein the United States，officials said Tuesday． Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice． The Lucy onexhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital ， Addis Ababa ， is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secretstoreroom． A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston，Texas，spent four years discussing with theEthiopians for the U． S． tour，which will start in Houston next September． "Ethiopia's rich culture of both the past and today，is one of thebest kept secrets in the world，"said Joel Bartsch，director of theHouston museum． The six-year tour will also go to Washingyton，New York，Denver andChicago． 0fficials said six other U． S． cities may be on the tour． But theysaid plans had not yet been worked out． Traveling with Lucy will be 190 0ther fossils． Lucy，her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a campthe night of her discovery， is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3172 -foot-tall ape-man (猿人)． 53． The author writes this text mainly to _______ ． A． introduce a few U． S． museums B． describe some research work C． discuss the value of an ape-man D． report a coming event 54． What do the words "a replica" inParagraph 2 refer to? A． A painting of the skeleton． B． A photograph of Lucy． C． A copy of the skeleton． D． A written record of Lucy． 55． How many cities has Lucy's U． S． tour plan already included? A． Four． B． Five． C． Six． D． Eleven． 56． What was the skeleton named after? A． An ape-man． B． A song． C． A singer． D． A camp． 8． ( 2011 四川) The multi-million pound new Library of Birmingham(LoB) will bethe most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization(数字化) of everyday life． Set to open in 2013，the￡188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre，with which it will sharesome equipment． As digital media(媒介) is important to its idea ，the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies workingat the new technologies． Brian Gambles，the LoB project director，says it is about givingpeople the right tools for learning:" The aim is to mix the physical with the digital，providing 24-hour services which can be used through manydifferent ways． It is important toenable us to reach more people，moreeffectively． " The digital library will，he says，be as import． ant as the physical one，allowing the distant use of the services，making sure that it is neverclosed to the public． Even before the LoB is complete，the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual (虚拟的) LoB， designed by Baden，the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists． Not only have the public been ableto learn about the LoB，but the virtual one has also enabled thoseworking on the LoB to understand the building and how it will workbefore it even opens． Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are alsoworking on theLoB projects． Substrat，a digital design company，isdeveloping what it calls an example of an " enlarged reality" project． It isabout the use of an exciting smartphone，an important part of the LoBwhich is in the early stages of development． And The People's Archive isan online library of historical figures of the city being built up by adigital content company in Cahoots，in which users will be encouraged toadd to and comment on the material． Gambles says:" Technology will enable us to make the library's content and services open to citizens as never before． " 49． The underlined part "its idea" in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of ______ ． A． the equipment B． the project C． the digital media D． thephysicallibrary 50． While visiting the Virtual LoB， the public can _______． A． get a general idea of the LoB B． meet many world-famous experts C． learn how to put up a library building D． understand how the specialists work on the project 51． Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens? a． It offers better learning tools． b． It reaches users in different ways． c． It provides users with smart phones． d． It allows users to enrich its material． e． It gives non-stop physical and digital services． A． a，b，d B． a，c，e C． b，c，d D． b，d，e 52． The text is most probably taken from ______ ． A． a computer book B． a library guide C． a project handbook D． a newspaper report 第一部分 阅读理解 考点 5 时事新闻类答案 1． （2017 江苏） 61． A【解析】根据第二段的首句“Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up”可知，这种形势要求科技巨头解体。这种形势是指上文提及的那几家大公司垄断了数据市场，故本 题答案为 A。 62． C【解析】从第三段可知，以谷歌公司为例，这些科技巨头发现了数据可以转变为新的服务， 例如翻译和视觉识别，这些都可以卖给其他公司。因特网公司对于数据的控制赋予了他们巨大的权力， 从而可以增强他们的控制地位。 63． B【解析】根据第五段可知，反垄断机构在考虑兼并时，通常根据规模来决定何时进行干预， 现在当评估这些交易的影响时，他们需要考虑到这些公司的数据资产的范围，再根据“The purchase price could． ． ． a new born threat”可知，通过重视公司的数据资产，反垄断管理者可以避免规模陷阱。 64． D【解析】根据倒数第二段可知，放松网络服务商对于数据的控制，把更多的份额给数据提 供者，从而让小公司也有机会发展。 2． (2016 北京) 59． B【解析】由题干的“returned，after the hurricane”可知，答案应该在第三段。娜塔莉一家 在飓风过后回到家乡，发现街区已变为废墟(neighborhood in ruins)，很多朋友失去了家园，并且住到了 很远的地方。人们都在遭受苦难，特别是老年人。从这些信息可知选 B。 60． A【解析】由第四段第一句中的“the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie”可知选 A。 61． D【解析】由第七段可知，娜塔莉建立了一个网站，让捐助者与需要帮助的人通过这个网站 建立联系，以此来帮助他们，因此选 D。 62． A【解析】本题给出的四句谚语的含义依次为：“小人物也有大作为”；“患难之友才是真正 的朋友”；“金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝”；“技术就是力量”。本文介绍的是 14 岁的小女孩娜塔莉如何帮 助家乡的重建工作，因此选 A。 3． (2015 新课标Ⅰ) 28． B 根据第一段可知，艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利的 200 多幅油画、雕塑和绘画作品等将在巴黎的 The Pompidou Centre 展出。由此可判断这个艺术家的创作颇丰。0ptimistic“乐观的”；productive“多产的”； generous“慷慨的”；traditional“传统的”。故选 B。 29． A 根据第一段中的“Among the works and master works on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory” 可知，萨尔瓦多· 达利的作品 The Persistence of Memory 被认为是他的一幅杰作。 30． D 根据第二段中的“The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain”可知，达利的世界是按照时间和主题组织作品展览的。 31． A 根据最后一段可知，多家博物馆通力合作共同精选展出作品。文中提到像西班牙马德里的 博物馆和圣彼德斯堡的博物馆这样的机构也提供萨尔瓦多·达利的作品参加展览。由此推测， contributions 指“作品”，故选 A。 4． (2015 新课标Ⅱ) 29． C 根据第一段中的“More students than everbefore are taking a gap year（间隔年）before going touniversity”和第三段中的“That is a record 14. 7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year” 可推断，间隔年这种现象越来越普遍。 30． A 根据第三段中的“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, andcomplete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible”可推知，选择间隔年的学生将来能够更好地适应大学生活。 31． B 根据第四段的首句“But not everone is happy”和下文内容可推断，0wain James 认为间隔 年现象从一个侧面反映了目前大学生上学压力大、费用高的现状，因此他感到担忧。 32． C 根据第四段中的“It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree”和最后一句可知，大多数学生会充分利用间隔年打工挣钱攒 学费。 5． (2014 四川) 解读：本文为新闻报道。文中报道了 9 岁女童勇敢救父的故事。Izzy 的父亲因过敏反应心脏停 止工作，Izzy 采取急救措施挽救了父亲的生命。 39． D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"A． schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest" 以及第二段中的"Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping（踩）on his chest"可知，Izzy 踩她父 亲的胸的目的是让心脏复苏。 40． C 细节理解题。由上下文可知，Izzy 先前了解了一些 CPR（心肺复苏术），后来她父亲因过 敏反应心脏停止了工作，Izzy 的母亲 Debbie 拨了 999 急救电话，然后 Izzy 采取了急救措施。 41． A 段落大意题。第八段主要讲 Colm 所患的疾病，即奇怪的过敏反应。所以 A 项正确。 42． C 写作目的题。文章为新闻报道，第一段中的"A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest"为导语，所以作者的写作目的是报道 9 岁女童勇敢救父的故事。 6． (2013 四川) 解读：本文主要讲述了一名商人销售假冒探测器被判处十年监禁的故事，他认为这些假冒产品 并没有给顾客带来害处。 39． D 细节判断题。根据第一段中的"a businessman who sold fake(假冒的)bomb detectors（探测 器）to 10 years in prison"以及第三段中的"McCormick，57，was convicted（判罪）of cheats last month" 可知选 D。 40． B 细节理解题。根据第四段中法官 Richard Hone 的话"Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted afalsesense of security and in all probability materiallycontributed to causing death and injury to innocent people"可知，McCormick 的商业 欺诈行为给人们的安全带来了威胁，所以选 B。 41． D 细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句"But in fact they 'lacked any grounding in science' and were of no use"可知，McConniCk 的炸弹探测器的运转没有科学依据。 42． C 推理判断题。根据第四段中法官的话"You have neither regret, nor shame，nor any sense of guilt"和文章的最后一句" 'I never had any bad results from customers，'he said"可知，McCormick 认为他自 己没有犯罪。 7． (2012 全国 II) 解读：一具 320 万年的猿人骨骼化石即将首次在国外巡回展览，相关事宜正在紧锣密鼓地策划之 中。 53． D 写作目的题。本文是一则报道，第一段是文章的中心，根据本段的内容可知，作者写本 文的主要目的是报道一件即将发生的事情 c 54． C 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的"while the real remalns"可推知，画线部分指的是骨骼复 制品。 55． B 细节理解题。结合第二段后半部分的内容以及第四段的内容可知，包括 HoListon， Washington，New York，Denver 和 Chicago 五个城市。 56． B 细节理解题。根据最后一段前半部分的内容可知，这具骨骼化石是根据甲壳虫乐队的一首 歌曲命名的。 8． ( 2011 四川) 解读：即将落成的 Library of Birmingham(LoB)将是伯明翰市接受日常生活数字化的标志。 49． B 词义猜测题。第三段中的"the project"指的是文章中出现的"the LoB project"，结合画线部 分的上下文可知，此处讲的是数字媒介对这个项目很重要，所以 B 项正确。 50． A 细节理解题。根据第六段中的"Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB． ． ． "可知，公众访问虚拟 LoB 可了解 LoB 的大体情况。 51． A 正误判断题。根据第四段内容可知，a、b 两项正确，e 项错误；根据倒数第二段的第二、 三句可知 C 项错误；由倒数第二段的最后一句可知 d 项正确。故选 A 项。 52． D 文章出处题。文章主要介绍了即将落成的 Library of Birmingham(LoB)的相关情况，最有可 能是一则新闻报道。 考点 6 人物故事类 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley ． Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain． However, when it works, it is simply beautiful． I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown ． She had found a young owl( 猫 头 鹰 ) on the ground． When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl． It had already been placed in a carrier for safety． I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine． If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck． My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree． The homeowner was very helpful． A wire basket was found． I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable． I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down． Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent． I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks． These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well． I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring． A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings． I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active． And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so． 24． What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1? A． Efforts made in vain． B． Getting injured in his work． C． Feeling uncertain about his future． D． Creatures forced out of their homes． 25． Why was the author called to Muttontown? A． To rescue a woman． B． To take care of a woman． C． To look at a baby owl． D． To cure a young owl． 26． What made the chick calm down? A． A new nest． B． Some food． C． A recording． D． Its parents． 27． How would the author feel about the outcome of the event? A． It’s unexpected． B． It’s beautiful． C． It’s humorous． D． It’s discouraging． 2． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） I first met Paul Newman in 1968 ， when George Roy Hill ， the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid， introduced us in New York City． When the studio didn’t want me for the film －it wanted somebody as well known as Paul － he stood up for me． I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers． The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference， we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV． We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play． Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other － but always with an underlying affection． Those were also at the core（核心） of our relationship off the screen． We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back - he with his Newman’s 0wn food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival． Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together． We supported each other financially and by showing up at events． I last saw him a few months ago． He’d been in and out of the hospital． He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn’t talk about it． 0urs was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words． 24． Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first? A． Paul Newman wanted it． B． The studio powers didn’t like his agent． C． He wasn’t famous enough． D． The director recommended someone else． 25． Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship? A． They were of the same age． B． They worked in the same theater． C． They were both good actors． D． They had similar charactertics． 26． What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A． Their belief． B． Their care for children． C． Their success． D． Their support for each other． 27． What is the author’s purpose in writing the test? A． To show his love of films． B． To remember a friend． C． To introduce a new movie． D． To share his acting experience． 3． （2017 北京） It was a cold March day in High Point，North Carolina． The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice，stamping their feet to stay warm， Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play． The two didn’t know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before． Suddenly，Paris fell to the ground，“Paris’s eye rolled back，”Taylor says． “She started shaking． I knew it was an emergency． ” It certainly was，Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure． Without immediate medical care， Paris would die． At first no one moved． The girls were in shock． Then the softball coach shouted out，“Does anyone know CPR?” CPR is a life-saving technique． To do CPR，you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs． Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly． Amazingly，Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before． Still，she hesitated． She didn’t think she knew it well enough． But when no one else came forward，Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR，“It was scary． I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor． Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down． 0ne girl called 911． Two more ran to get the school nurse， who brought a defibrillator， an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work． Luck stayed with them： Paris’ heartbeat returned． “I know I was really lucky，” Paris says now． “Most people don’t survive this． My team saved my life． ” Experts say Paris is right： For a sudden heart failure， the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly． Today，Paris is back on the softball team． Taylor will apply to college soon． She wants to be a nurse． “I feel more confident in my actions now，” Taylor says． “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation． ” 56． What happened to Paris on a March day? A． She caught a bad cold． B． She had a sudden heart problem． C． She was knocked down by a ball． D． She shivered terribly during practice 57． Why does Paris say she was lucky? A． She made a worthy friend． B． She recovered from shock． C． She received immediate CPR． D． She came back on the softball team． 58． Which of the following words can best describe Taylor? A． Enthusiastic and kind． B． Courageous and calm． C． Cooperative and generous． D． Ambitious and professional． 4． （2017 浙江） Benjamin West， the father of American painting， showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age． But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one． In those days ， a brush was made from camel’s hair． There were no camels nearby． Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead． He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush． The brush did not last long． Soon Benjamin needed more fur． Before long， the catbegan to look ragged(蓬乱)． His father said that the cat must be sick． Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing． The cat’s lot was about to improve． That year，one of Benjamin’s cousins，Mr． Pennington， came to visit． He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings． When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes． He also sent six engravings （版画）by an artist． These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen． In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr． Pennington returned for another visit． He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift． He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit． In the city，Mr． Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings． The boy began a landscape (风景) painting． WilliamWilliams，a well-known painter，came to see him work． Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home． The books were long and dull． Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student． But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night． ”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings． The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist． 21． What is the text mainly about? A． Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia． B． Williams’ influence on Benjamin． C． The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist． D． The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington． 22． What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A． The cat would be closely watched． B． The cat would get some medical care． C． Benjamin would leave his home shortly． D． Benjamin would have real brushes soon． 23． What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent? A． He took him to see painting exhibitions． B． He provided him with painting materials． C． He sent him to a school in Philadelphia． D． He taught him how to make engravings． 24． Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to ________． A． master the use of paints B． appreciate landscape paintings C． get to know other painters D． make up his mind to be a painter 5． (2016 新课标Ⅰ) I am peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier． Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time． I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America． I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London． But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said：“Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington． ”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom． ”She just dropped everything． She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me ． re-routed( 改 道 )me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled． For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life． 29． Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1? A． provider B． delivery man C． collector D． medical doctor 30． Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours? A． He cannot stay away from his job too long． B． The donor can only wait for that long． C． The operation needs that much time． D． The ice won't last any longer． 31． Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A． To London． B． To Newark． C． To Providence． D． To Washington． 6． (2016 新课标Ⅱ) Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said：”Make something out of the Tinkertoys． You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.” A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. 0nce I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ” But I’m just not creative.” “Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?” “0h, sure.” “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?” “Nobody. I do it.” “Really-at night, when you’re asleep?” “Sure.” “Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?” 25． The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________? A． know more about the students B． make the lessons more exciting C． raise the students’ interest in art D． teach the students about toy design 26． What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3? A． He liked to help his teacher. B． He preferred to study alone. C． He was active in class. D． He was imaginative. 27． What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A． Mistake. B． Drawback. C． Difficulty. D． Burden. 28． Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams? A． To help them to see their creativity. B． To find out about their sleeping habits. C． To help them to improve their memory. D． To find out about their ways of thinking. 7． (2016 新课标Ⅱ) A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. 33． What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley? A． They were made last week B． They showed undersea sceneries C． They were found by a cameraman D． They recorded a disastrous adventure 34． Who reached the South Pole first according to the text? A． Frank Hurley B． Ernest Shackleton C． Robert Falcon Scott D． Caroline Alexander 35． What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage? A． Artistic creation B． Scientific research C． Money making D． Treasure hunting 8． (2016 新课标Ⅲ) 0n one of her trips to New York several years ago，Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner． They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes，another customer was approaching their table． “Hey，aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant，white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger． “I’m from Mississippi too． ” Without a second thought，the woman joined the Welty party． When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair． “They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said． “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking． ” Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine． By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside． Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab． Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion (团聚)． “My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added． “And I said: ‘Now you know． These are the people that make me write them． ’” Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation． “I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years． “I don’t have to． ” Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss． , from conversations overheard on a bus ． It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out． Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story． 25． What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe? A． Two strangersjoined her． B． Her childhood friends came in． C． Aheavy rain ruined the dinner． D． Some people held apartythere． 26． The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s ． A． readers B． parties C． friends D． stories 27． Whatcanwelearn aboutthecharactersin Welty’s fiction? A． Theylivein bigcities． B． Theyaremostlywomen． C． Theycomefrom reallife． D． Theyare pleasure seekers． 9． (2016 北京) Dear Alfred， I want to tell you how important your help is to my life． Growing up，I had people telling me I was too slow，though，with an IQ of 150+ at 17，I’m anything but stupid． The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍)． Anxious all the time，I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time． However，when something did interest me，I could become absorbed． In high school，I became curious about the computer，and built my first website． Moreover，I completed the senior course of Computer Basics，plus five relevant pre-college courses． While I was exploring my curiosity，my disease got worse． I wanted to go to college after high school， but couldn’t． So，I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center． Since then，I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics． Currently，I’m learning your Probability course ． I have hundreds of printer paper ， covered in self-written notes from your video． This has given me a purpose． Last year，I spent all my time looking for a job where，without dealing with the public，I could work alone， but still have a team to talk to． Luckily，I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead． I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession，without going to college， and be just as good as，if not better than, my competitors． Thank you． You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart． For the first time,I feel good about myself because I’m doing something，not because someone told me I was doing good． I feel whole． This is why you’re saving my life． Yours， Tanis 56． why didn’t Tanis go to college after high school? A． She had learned enough about computer science B． She had more difficulty keeping focused C． She preferred taking online courses D． She was too slow to learn 57． As for the working environment，Tanis prefers____． A． working by herself B． dealing with the public C． competing against others D． staying with ADHD students 58． Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____． A． explain why she was interested in the computer B． share the ideas she had for her profession C． show how grateful she was to the center D． describe the courses she had taken so far 10． (2016 天津) Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions. My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat. I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校 学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body. When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.” I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜). But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose. My son ,with other motorheads,fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from ajunkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed.Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him. Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him. These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes. I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else. My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine. 41. What used to be the author’s hope for his son? A. To avoid becoming his clone. B. To resemble him in appearance. C. To develop in a different direction. D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals. 42. What can we learn about the author’s children? A. His daughter does better in school. B. His daughter has got a master’s degree. C. His son tried hard to finish homework. D. His son couldn’t write his book reports. 43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______. A. His son had the ability to fix it. B. it would save him much time. C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D. other motorheads would come to help. 44. In the author’s eyes, motorheads are _______. A. tidy and hardworking B. cheerful and smart C. lazy but bright D. relaxed but rude 45. What did the author realize in the end? A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path. B. It is important for one to make the honor roll. C. Architects play a more important role than builders. D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers. 11． (2015 新课标Ⅰ) The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素 C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part—particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes. Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened( 蔓 上 成 熟 的 ) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal—and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it. 24． What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A． Exciting. B． Boring. C． Relaxing. D． Annoying. 25． What made the author’s getting up early worthwhile? A． Having a swim. B． Breathing in fresh air. C． Walking in the morning sun. D． Visiting a local farmer’s market. 26． What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter? A． They are soft. B． They look nice. C． They taste great. D． They are juicy. 27． What was the author going to that evening? A． Go to a farm. B． Check into a hotel. C． Eat in a restaurant. D． Buy fresh vegetables. 12． (2015 广东) When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does? As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun huts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them. When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters. 31． Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine? A． He could not catch a fish. B． His father was not patient with him. C． His father did not teach him fishing. D． He could not influence a fish as his father did. 32． What did the author’s father really mean? A． To read about fish. B． To learn fishing by oneself. C． To understand what fish think.D． To study fishing in many ways. 33． According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________. A． in deep water on sunny days B． in deep water on cloudy days C． in shallow water under sunlight D． in shallow water under waterside trees. 34． After entering the business world, the author found _________. A． it easy to think like a customer B． his father’s fishing advice inspiring C． his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable D． it difficult to sell services to poor people 35． This passage most likely comes from _________. A． a fishing guide B． a popular sales book C． a novel on childhoodD． a millionaire’s biography 13． (2015 北京) The Boy Made It! 0ne Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute. Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use. He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as hecould． By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could — he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. 0n Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved． Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode(一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out. When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive. 56． What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon? A． He got lost. B． He broke his skis. C． He hurt his eyes D． He caught a cold. 57． How did Nicholas keep himself warm? A． He found a shelter. B． He lighted some branches. C． He kept on skiing. D． He built a snow cave. 58． 0n Tuesday, Nicholas ______. A． returned to his shelter safely B． was saved by a searcher C． got stuck in the snowD． stayed where he was 59． Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he ______. A． did the right things in the dangerous situation B． watched Grylls’ TV program regularly C． created some tips for survival D． was very hard-working 14． (2014 天津) A world-famous Canadian author，Margaret Atwood，has created the world's first long-distance signing device(装置)，the LongPen． After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city，Atwoodthought there must be a better way to do them． She hired some technicalexperts and started her own company in 2004． Together they designedthe LongPen． Here's how it works: The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet(手 写板) using a special pen． 0n the receiving end，in another city， a robotic arm fitted with a regular pensigns the book． The author and fan can talk with each other via webcams(网络摄像机) and computer screens． Work on the LongPen began in Atwood's basement(地下室)． At first，they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be． The device went through several versions，including one that actually had smoke coming out of it． The inventing finally completed，test runs weremade in 0ttawa，and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006London Book Fair ． From here ， Atwood conducted two transatlantic booksignings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City． The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because itcopies the movement of the author in real time． It has several otherpotential applications． It could increase credit card security andallow people to sign contracts from another province． The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof whenlegal documents are used． "It's really fun，"said the owner of a bookstore，who was presentfor one of the test runs． "0bviously you can't shake hands with theauthor，but there are chances for a connection that you don't get from aregular book signing． " The response to the invention hasn't been all favorable． Atwood hasreceived criticism from authors who think she's trying to end book tours． But she said，"It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn't afford it． " 41． Why did Atwood decide to inventthe LongPen? A． To set up her own company． B． To win herself greater popularity． C． To write her books in a new way． D． To make book signings less tiring． 42． How does the LongPen work? A． It copies the author's signature an prints it on a book． B． It signs a book while receiving the author's signature． C． The webcam sends the author's signature to another city． D． The fan uses it to copy the author's signature himself． 43． What do we know about the invention of the LongPen? A． It has been completed but not put into use． B． The basement caught fire by accident． C． Some versions failed before its test run． D． The designers were well- prepared for the difficulty． 44． How could the LongPen be used in the future? A． To draft legal documents． B． To improve credit card security． C． To keep a record of the author's ideas． D． To allow author and fan to exchange videos． 45． What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6? A． Atwood doesn't mean to end book tours． B． Critics think the LongPen is of little use． C． Bookstore owners don't support the LongPen． D． Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost． 15． (2014 安徽) You may not have heard of Ashoka，but for the past 27 years，this association，founded by Bill Drayton， has fought poverty (贫困) and sickness，promoted education and encouraged small businesses． Tosupport these worthy causes，Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising "changemakers" seeking to solve(解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker． Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change． Theimportant thing is to simply give yourself permission． If you see aproblem that you care about，you can help solve it． The young inparticular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every childwants to grow into ahappy ， healthy ， contributing adult ． In fact ， it ismany young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses thatimprove social conditions． An excellent example is an Ashoka projectstarted in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing thecity，helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there． When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all theuncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets，attracting rats anddisease，they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste． So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把． ． ． 制成堆肥) this waste． They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers ( 化 肥)which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in they soilover they years． At first，they were refused，but once they were able topersuade them that there was money to be made，the project took off． In2009 sales were $ 14，000． Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making reallyserious，practical progress in bringing about social change by hangingthe way we look at economic development． 72． Which of the following could be thebest title for the passage? A． Changemakers B． Businessmen C． Social Conditions D． Rubbish Problem 73． The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to " _____ "． A． the local farmers B． Masqsood and Iftekhar C． Drayton and his team D． the poor people in Dhaka 74． It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he ______． A． considers Drayton's concept B． gets permission from Ashoka C． tries to improve social conditions D． is a young，happy and healthy adult 75． The author's attitude towards 'Ashoka's program can be described as _______ ． A． changing B． forgiving C． cautious D． positive 16． （2013 湖北） Mothers and daughters go through so much — yet when was the lasttime a mother and daughter sat down to write a book together about itall? PerriKlass and her mother ， Sheila SolomonKlass ， both giftedprofessional writers，prove to be ideal co-writers as they examine their decades of motherhood，daughterhood，and the wonderful ways their lives have overlapped (重叠)． Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirroredher mother's ； both have full-time careers，both have published books，articles， and stories， each has three children; they both love to read． They also love to travel — in fact，they- often take trips together． But intruth， the harder they look at their lives，the more they acknowledgetheir big differences in circumstance and basic nature． A child of the Depression (大萧条)，Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for girls ． Starting with hercollege education ， she has fought for everything she's everaccomplished． Perri，on the other hand，grew up privileged in the NewJersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s ． For Sheila ， wasting time ormoney is a crime ， and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys theoccasional small luxury，but has not been successful at trying topersuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes． Each writing in her own unmistakable voice，Perri and Sheila taketurns exploring the joys and pains，the love and bitterness，the minortroubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together． Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town inTrinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork ． Perri admits that she can't sort out all the mess in the households ， even though sheknows it drives her mother crazy． Together they compare thoughts onbringing up children and working， admit long-hidden sorrows，and enjoyprecious memories． Looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and together ， Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with honesty，humor，enthusiasm，and admiration for each other． A written account in two voices，Every Mother is a Daughter is a duet (二重奏) that produces a deep， strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughterswill recognize． 55． Why does Perri think that her own life has mirrored her mother's? A． They both have gone through difficult times． B． They have strong emotional ties with each other． C． They have the same joys and pains， and love and bitterness． D． They both have experiences as daughter， mother and writer． 56． The word "luxury" in Paragraph 3 means ______ ． A． something rare but not pleasant B． something that cannot be imagined C． something expensive but not necessary D． something that can only be enjoyed by boys 57． What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A． The content of the book． B． The purpose of the book． C． The influence of the book． D． The writing style of the book． 58． How are women's lives explored inthis book? A． In a musical form． B． Through field research． C． With unique writing skills． D． From different points of view． 17． ( 2013 山东) George Gershwin，born in 1898，was one of America's greatestcomposers． He published his first song when he was eighteen years old． During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs． Many of Gershwin's songs were first written for musical playsperformed in theatres in New York City ． These plays were a popular formof entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s ． Many of his songs haveremained popular as ever． 0ver the years they have been sung andplayed in every possible way — from jazz to country． In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music． Could jazz，some people asked， be considered serious music? In1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided toorganize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music． Gershwinagreed tocompose something for the concert before he realized he hadjust a few weeks to do it． And in that short time，he composed a piecefor piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in， Blue． Gershwinhimself played the piano at the concert． The audience were thrilled when they heard his music． It made him world-famous and showed that jazzmusic could be both serious and popular． In 1928，Gershwin went to Paris． He applied to study composition (作曲) with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger ， but she rejected him ． She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influencedstyle． While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris． When it was first performed， critics (评论家) were divided over the music． Some called it happy and full of life， to others it was silly andboring． But itquickly became popular in Europe and the United States． It still remainsone of his most famous works． George Gershwin died in 1937 ， just days after doctors learned hehad brain cancer ． He was only thirty-nine years old． Newspapers allover the world reported his death on their front pages． People mournedthe loss of the man and all the music he might have still written． 61． Many of Gershwin's musical works were _______ ． A． written about New Yorkers B． composed for Paul Whiteman C． played mainly in the countryside D． performed in various ways 62． What do we know about the concertorganized by Whiteman? A． It attracted more people to theatres． B． It proved jazz could be serious music． C． It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra． D． It caused a debate among jazz musicians． 63． What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris? A． He created one of his best works． B． He studied with Nadia Boulanger． C． He argued with French critics． D． He changed his music style． 64． What do we learn from the last paragraph ? A． Many of Gershwin's works were lost． B． The death of Gershwin was widely reported． C． A concert was held in memory of Gershwin． D． Brain cancer research started after Gershwin's death． 65． Which of the following best describes Gershwin? A． Talented and productive． B． Serious and boring． C． Popular and unhappy． D． Friendly and honest． 18． （2012 山东） 0ne of the greatest contributors to the first 0xford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual． In 1879，0xford University in Englandasked Prof． James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the mostambitious dictionary in the history of the English language． It wouldinclude every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文) showing how it was used． This was a huge task，so Murray had to find volunteers fromBritain，the United States，and the British colonies to search everynewspaper，magazine，and book ever written in English． Hundreds ofvolunteers responded，including William Chester Minor． Dr． Minor wasan American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was nowliving in England． He gave his address as" Broadmoor，Crowthorne，Berkshire"，50 miles from 0xford． Minorjoined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray． 0ver the next 17 years，he became one of the staff's most valued contributors． But he was also a mystery． In spite of many invitations，he wouldalways decline to visit 0xford． So in 1897，Murray finally decided totravel to Crowthorne himself． When he arrived， he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum (糈神病院) for the Criminally Insane． Murray and Minor became friends，sharing their love of words． Minor continued contributing to the dictionary ， sending in more than10 ， 000 submissions in 20 years ． Murray continued to visit Minorregularly，sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds． In 1910，Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America． Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend． Minor died in 1920 ， seven years before the first edition of the0xford English Dictionary was completed． The 12 volumes defined 414，825 words， and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarlyand devoted asylum patient． 61． According to the text，the first0xford English Dictionary ______． A． came out before Minor died B． was edited by an American volunteer C． included the English words invented by Murray D． was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary 62． How did Dr． Minor contribute to the dictionary ? A． He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers． B． He sent newspapers，magazines and books to Murray． C． He provided a great number ofwords and quotations． D． He went to England to work with Murray． 63． Why did Dr． Minor refuse to visit 0xford ? A． He was shut in an asylum． B． He lived far from 0xford． C． He was busy writing a book． D． He disliked traveling． 64． Prof． Murray and Dr． Minor became friends mainly because ______ ． A． they both service in the Civil War B． they had a common interest in words C． Minor recovered with the help of Murray D． Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor 65． Which of the following best describes Dr． Minor? A． Brave and determined． B． Cautious and friendly． C． Considerate and optimistic． D． Unusual and scholarly． 66． What does the text mainly talk about? A． The history of the English language． B． The friendship between Murray and Minor． C． Minor and the first 0xford English Dictionary． D． Broadmoor Asylum and its patients． 19． （2012 安徽） When Frida Kahlo's paintings were on show in London，a poet described her paintings as "a ribbon (丝带) around a bomb" ． Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world ofher time． Sadly，she is actually a much bigger name today than she wasduring her time． Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City ， Kahlo suffered from polio( 小 儿 麻 痹 症 ) at the age of seven． Her spine(脊柱)became bent as she grew older． Then，in 1925，her back was broken in severalplaces in a school-bus accident． Throughout the rest" of her life，theartist had many operations，but nothing was able to cure the terrible painin her back． However， the accident had an unexpected side effect． While lying in her bed recovering，Kahlo taught herself to paint． In 1929，she got married to Diego Rivera，another famous Mexicanartist． Rivera's strong influence on Kahlo's style can be seen in her earlyworks，but her later works from the 1940s， known today as her bestworks，show less influence from her husband． Unfortunately， her works did not attract much attention in the 1930sand 1940s ， even in her home county． Her first one-woman show inMexico ;was not held until 1953． For more than a decade after her deathin 1954，Kahlo's works remained largely unnoticed by the world，but inthe 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last． 64． What does the phrase "a much bigger name" in Paragraph l most nearly mean? A． a far better artist B． a far more gifted artist C． a much stronger person D． a much more famous person 65． The temble pain Kahlo suffered was caused by ________ ． A． polio B． her bent spine C． back injuries D． the operations she had 66． Kahlo's style had become increasingly independent since the _______ ． A． 1930s B． 1940s C． 1950s D． 1970s 67． What is the author's attitude toward Kahlo? A． Devotion． B． Sympathy． C． Worry． D． Encouragement． 20． （2011 重庆） William Butler Yeats，a most famous Irish writer，was born in Dublin on June 13，1865． His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family． Later，Yeats shocked his family bysaying that he remembered "little of childhood but its pain"． In fact，he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family — both his father and his brother were painters． But he finally settled on literature，particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry． Yeats had strong faith in the coming of new artistic movements． He sethimself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre inthe late 1890s． His early theatrical experiments， however， were not received favorably at the beginning． He didn't lose heart，and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama． Compared with his dramatic works，Yeats's poems attract much admiring notice． The subjectmatter includes love，nature，history，timeand aging． Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms， hebrought modern sensibilityto them． As his literary life progressed，hispoetry grew finer and richer，which led him to worldwide recognition． He had not enjoyed a major public lift since winning the NobelPrize in 1923． Yet，he continued writing almost to the end of his life． Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40，he would probably now be valuedas a minor poet，for there is no other example in literar5r history of a'poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of- 50 and 75 ． AfterYeats's death in 1939 ， W． H． Auden wrote，among others，the followinglines : Earth，receive an honoured guest: William Yeats is laid to rest． Let the Irish vessel(船) lie． Emptied of its poetry． 68． Which of the following can describe Yeats's family? A． It filled Yeats's childhood with laughter． B． It was shocked by Yeats' schoice． C． It was a typically wealthy family． D． It had an artistic atmosphere． 69． According to the passage，what do we know about Yeats's life? A． Yeats founded the first Irish theatre． B． Yeats stuck to modern forms in his poetry． C． Yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s． D． Yeats was not favored by the public until the 1923 Nobel Prize 70． What kind of feeling is expressed inW． H． Auden's lines? A． Envy． B． Sympathy． C． Emptiness． D． Admiration． 71． What is the passage mainly about? A． Yeats's literary achievements． B． Yeats's historical influence． C． Yeats's artistic ambition． D． Yeats's national honor． 21． （2011 陕西） Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win theNobel Prize，and the first person to win it twice． However，few peopleknow that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner． Born in September，1897，Irene Curie was the first of the Curies'two daughters． Along with nine other children whose parents were alsofamous scholars ， Irenestudied in their own school ， and her mother wasone of the teachers． She finished her high school education at theCollege of Sevigne in Paris． Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degreein mathematics and physics． When World War I began，Irene went to help her mother，who was using X-ray facilities (设备) to help save the lives of wounded soldiers． Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium． Her services wererecognized in the form of a Military Medal by the French government． In 1918，Irene became her mother's assistant at the Curie Institute． In December 1924， Frederic Joliot joined the Institute，and Irene taughthim the techniques required for' his work． They soon fell in love andwere married in 1926． Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and theirson Pierre five years later． Like her mother，Irene combined family and career． Like hermother，Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize，along with her husband，in1935；Unfortunately， also like her mothershe developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity(辐射能）． Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17， 1956． 49． Why was Irene Curie awarded aMilitary Medal? A． Because she received a degree in mathematics． B． Because she contributed to saving the wounded． C． Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic． D． Because she worked as a helper to her mother． 50． Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot? A． At the Curie Institute． B． At the University of Paris． C． At a military hospital． D． At the College of Sevigne． 51． When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born? A． In 1932． B． In 1927． C． In 1897． D． In 1926． 52． In which of the following aspects was Irene Curie different from her mother? A． Irene worked with radioactivity． B． Irene combined family and career． C． Irene won the Nobel Prize once． D． Irene died from leukemia． 第一部分 阅读理解 考点 6 人物故事类答案 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） 24 ． A 【 解 析 】 根 据 第 一 段 的 “ Trying to help injured ， displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain”可知，救助野生动物有时会让人感到心碎，因为即使努力挽救 它们，也不能保证它们都会活下来。因此答案为 A。文中没有提到在救助动物的过程中受伤，故 B 项错 误；原文中说的是不确定救助的动物能不能存活，故 C 项错误；文中没有提到动物被赶出家园，故 D 项错误。 25． C【解析】根据第二段的“I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown． She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground”可知，这位女士给作者打电话是为了让他来救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟。短文中没 有信息支撑选项 A、B，故可排除；根据第三段的第一句“I examined the chick（雏鸟）and it seemed fine”可知这只猫头鹰雏鸟并未受伤，故可排除 D。 26． A【解析】根据第四段的“I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable... it quickly calmed down”可知，作者做的鸟巢非常舒服，所以把这只猫头鹰雏鸟放进去后， 它很快安静下来。文中没有提到给它喂食，可排除 B；根据第五段可知，作者后来让这家主人播放饥饿 的猫头鹰雏鸟发出的叫声的录音，是为了找到它的父母，因此可排除 C；当时作者还没有找到它的父母， 可排除 D。 27． B【解析】根据最后一段可知，通过播放猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿时发出的叫声的录音，这只猫头鹰雏 鸟最终与它的父母团聚，而且它的父母开始给它喂食，再结合第一段最后一句“However，when it works，it is simply beautiful”可判断，作者付出的努力没有白费，因而结果是美好的。 2． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） 24． C【解析】根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the film - it wanted somebody as well known as Paul - he stood up for me”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与 Paul 一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选 C 项。 25． D【解析】根据文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play． Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者与 Paul 之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故 D 项符合题意。该 题文中只是给出了一些琐碎的信息，需要考生根据这些信息总结出两人拥有持久友谊的原因，这就要求 考生具有一定的归纳推理能力。文中明确提到了作者与 Paul 并不同龄，所以排除 A 项；B 项文中并未 提及；C 项不是两人拥有持久友谊的原因。 26． A【解析】根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对，the belief 的解释，that 引导同位语从 句，解释说明 the belief 的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了 一起。故选 A 项。该题要求考生具有一定的句法分析能力，能从一个长难句中找出关键词，并根据上 下文信息判断出代词的指代内容。而 B、C 项只是 the belief 后的同位语从句中的部分内容，故排除；根 据画线词后一句可排除 D 项。 27． B【解析】根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一 段中的“I last saw him a few months ago”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选 B 项。写 作目的题是考查作者写这篇文章是为了什么，达到什么目的。对于记叙文而言，往往是开篇引出主题， 并以时间顺序叙述全文，最后进行总结。主旨大意题是考查文章讲什么，中心思想是什么。所以两者要 有所区分。A、C 和 D 项都过于片面，故排除。 3． （2017 北京） 56． B【解析】根据第三段中的“It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure”可知，Paris 突发心力衰竭。A 项“无中生有”，不能因为文中出现天气寒冷等方面的信息就说 Paris 患了感冒；C 项 “鱼目混珠”，第二段中的“Suddenly，Paris fell to the ground”不能表明 Paris 倒地的原因是被球击中； 选项 D“张冠李戴”，根据文中的“Taylor Bisbee shivered（发抖）a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play”可知，Taylor Bisbee 在看她的队友 Paris White 打球时冷得发抖。 57． C【解析】根据第五段中的“But when no one else came forward，Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR”以及第六段在队友和学校护士的帮助下 Paris 的心跳恢复了(Paris's heartbeat returned)以及倒 数第二段中的“For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly”可知，Paris 得到了及时的心肺复苏(CPR)救助。A 项“似是而非、答非所问”，文 章的话题不是交朋友；B 项“偷梁换柱”，Paris 是突发心力衰竭，而绝非“shock（休克）”；文中最后一 段提到了 Paris 回到球队里，但这不是 Paris 说她很幸运的原因。 58． B【解析】根据第五段中的“But when no one else came forward，Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR． ‘It was scary． I knew it was the difference between life and death，’says Taylor”和第六段中 的 “Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down”可知，Taylor 是一位勇敢、冷静的女孩。面 对紧急情况，她不慌不乱，用所学的急救知识迅速帮助他人，并用自己的举动感染队友，让她们镇静下 来参与救助。 4． （2017 浙江） 21． C【解析】根据文章第一段首句“Benjamin West． ． ． when he was only six years of age” 以及第四段首句“In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old”和最后一段，并结合全文可知，全文主 要讲述了本杰明·韦斯特少年时代的艺术启蒙，故选 C 项。 22． D【解析】该句需要结合上下文来理解，第二段提到本杰明剪猫的毛来制作画笔，导致猫惨 遭“毁毛破相”，而下文又提到本杰明的堂兄 Pennington 给他送来了颜料和画笔。由此可以推知，画线 句说明“猫的命运得到了改善”，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”，故选 D 项。A 项“猫会被密切关 注”，文章中并未提及；B 项“猫会得到一些药物治疗”，虽然第二段中提到本杰明父亲认为猫病了，但 并没有说明它需要治疗；C 项“本杰明将很快离开家”，根据下文可知，本杰明只是 9 岁的时候离开过 家，故与语境不符。 23． B【解析】根据文章第五段首句“In the city，Mr． Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings”可知，为了更好地发展本杰明的绘画天赋，堂兄 Pennington 给了他很多帮助，提 供了创作油画的材料，故选 B 项。 24． D【解析】根据文章最后一段本杰明说的话以及“While it is likely that he understood…The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist”可推知，Williams 给本杰明的两本关于绘画的 著作帮助本杰明打开了艺术之门，使他立志成为艺术家，故选 D 项。 5． (2016 新课标Ⅰ) 29． B【解析】根据第一段中的“Since March 2012，I’ve done 89 trips - of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box”可知，作者是干细胞传递员，故选 B。 30． D【解析】根据第一段中的“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last”可知，冰维持的最长时间是 42 小时，故选 D。 31． B【解析】根据第二段的最后一句“She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed（改道）me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled”可 知，这位女士安排作者乘坐一架小型飞机改道经纽瓦克回到了英国，故选 B。 6． (2016 新课标Ⅱ) 25． A【解析】根据文章第一段的“to find out something about my students”可知，作者使用 Tinkertoys 是为了弄清楚有关学生们的一些事情。故选 A 项。 26． D【解析】根据第三段中的“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”可知，这个男孩 儿非常具有创造性，故选 D 项。 27． B【解析】根据下文的“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking”可知，作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险。故可知该词的意思为“不足，缺点”， 所以选 B 项。 28． A【解析】根据第四段中的“Without fail one would declare，‘But I'm just not creative． ’”及 下文内容可推知，作者问学生们他们是否做梦了是为了让他们看到自己的创造力。故选 A 项。 7． (2016 新课标Ⅱ) 33． D【解析】根据第二段中的“In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916,most of them after a disastrous shipwreck（海难）”可知，这些照片记录了一次灾难性的冒险，故选 D 项。 34． C【解析】根据第三段中的“From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled （雪橇）across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done...in 1912”可知 Captain Robert Falcon Scott 是第一个到达南极的人。故选 C 项。 35． C【解析】根据最后一段中的“adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort”和 “started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography”可知， Alexander 认为 1914 年旅行的目的是赚钱。故选 C 项。 8． (2016 新课标Ⅲ) 25． A【解析】 第三段中的“the woman”指的是第二段中的那个陌生人，根据第三段中的“When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair”可知，陌生女子的晚餐伙伴也加入了她们的行 列中，故有两个陌生人加入到了 Welty 和朋友的晚餐中。 26． D【解析】画线词所在句“These are the people that make me write them”的主语 These 指的 就是像那两位陌生人那样的人，换言之，这些新朋友就成了 Welty 笔下的写作素材，这些人就是让她写 小说的人，故 them 指的是“小说”。 27． C【解析】根据最后两段的内容可知，Welty 小说中的人物源于真实生活。 9． (2016 北京) 56． B【解析】题干的“不去读大学”告诉我们，本题的答案应该定位在第四段。该段说，作者的 病情变得更糟了，因此不能去读大学，而这个疾病是第二段说到的 ADHD，具体表现是注意力不能集中 较长时间(unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time)，这与 B 项叙述吻合。 57． A【解析】 根据题干的 working environment，我们找到第六段的 looking for a job，该段说到 作者希望的工作环境：I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to。A 项的 working by herself 与该句 的 work alone 表达的意思是一致的，因此选 A。 58． C【解析】 作者在文章开头直接说明写信的目的“告诉你你的帮助对我的人生是多么重要”； 然后描述自己的病情，未了的大学梦，以及收信人开办的网站给作者带来的影响，因此本文的写作目的 是 C：表明作者对于这个培训中心的感激。 10． (2016 天津) 41． D【解析】根据第一段第二、三句话“As he grows you also age…could probably accomplish what you hoped for”可知，作者希望自己的儿子实现自己没有实现的目标。 42． A【解析】根据第三段中的“My daughter is a university graduate...he became a‘vo-tech’student （技校学生）”可知，作者的女儿在学校里的表现要比儿子好。 43． C【解析】根据第六段的最后一句可知，作者同意儿子修车是因为他认为这样做不会造成更大 损失。 44． B【解析】 根据倒数第三段中的“These kids are happiest when doing repairs”“And their minds are bright”可知，在作者眼里这些修理工既快乐又聪明。 45． A【解析】 根据倒数第二段中的“Most important，I have learned that fathers don't need clones in footsteps or anywhere else”可推知，作者最终意识到希望孩子追随自己的脚步并实现自己实现不了的 目标这种想法是不明智的。 11． (2015 新课标Ⅰ) 24． B 根据文章第一句话中的¨The freezing Northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter¨可判断，作者不喜欢在纽约过冬，因此毫不犹豫决定去南方过周末。 25． D 根据第一段最后一句中的“the best part…was a 7 a． m． adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call”可知，作者早上七点起床去集贸 市场，看到各种新鲜的蔬菜水果，所以她认为早起很值得。 26． B 根据第三段可知，多年来，作者在冬季都不买西红柿。由第二句话“No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless”可判断，在纽约市的 冬季，西红柿在商 店看起来挺好的，但是拿到家里吃起来却没有味道。因此答案为 B。 27． C 根据文章的最后一段可知，看到集贸市场上新鲜的西红柿，作者的幸福感大增，计划当晚 就去萨拉索塔市一个新开业的餐馆吃饭。 12． (2015 广东) 31． A 通过第一段中的“But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that. I couldn’t catch anything”可知答案。 32． C 通过第二段的内容可推知父亲说那句话的真正含义是让作者了解鱼的习性，故答案为 C。 33． D 通过第二段中的“That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water”与“water is usually warmer in direct sunlight...the sun hurts their eyes”可知答案。 34． B 通过最后一段描述的作者回忆起父亲教导他的话可推知，作者发现父亲的钓鱼建议在商 界也很有启发。 35． B 根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“I will show you how in the following chapters”可知， 本文节选自一本关于销售的书。 13． (2015 北京) 56． A 根据文章第一段第四句话“Before he knew it，Nicholas was lost，all alone”可知，一个周 日的下午 Nicholas 迷路了，故答案为 A 项。 57． D 根据第四段内容可知，Nicholas 挖了一个雪洞来保暖，故答案为 D 项。 58． B 根据第六段第四句话“He had walked forabout a mile when a volunteer searcher found him” 可知，是一个搜寻者救了 Nicholas，故答案为 B 项。 59． A 根据文章最后一段，尤其是“how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive”可知，为了生 存 Nicholas 付出了很大的努力。 14． (2014 天津) 解读：这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了加拿大当代著名女作家 Margaret Atwood 如何构思出远程 签名的设备的经历。 41． D 细节理解题。依据文章第二段的首句可知，因为经常奔波于城市间进行图书签名，感到 疲惫的 Atwood 开始寻找方法解决这个问题。故选 D 项。 42． B 细节理解题。依据第二段中的"Here's how it works signs the book"可知，作者在计算机的手 写板上写上自己的信息和签名，在接收端的机械手臂就会把签名签在书上。故选 B 项。 43． C 细节理解题。依据文章第三段中的"The device went through several versions， including one that actually had smoke coming out of it"可知，在成功使用 the LongPen 之前的几次试运行中，曾经有过 几次的失败。故选 C 项。 44． B 细节理解题。依据文章第四段的第三句可知，LongPen 还可以增加信用卡安全性功能，并 且能让在不同省份的人们签署合同。故选 B 项。 45． A 推理判断题。依据文章最后一句可知，Atwood 还会到那些出版商买不起这种设备的地方 去参加签名售书活动。故选 A 项。 15． (2014 安徽) 解读：本文为说明文。文章介绍了 Bill Drayton 创办的名叫"阿育王"的扶贫济困机构。 72． A 标题判断题。主要介绍的是 Ashoka 这个扶贫济困，机构，该机构旨在让每一个公民都成 为 Changemaker。第一段两次出现 Changemaker，第二段首句"Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent forchange"为主题句，an agent for change 与 Changemaker 同义， 最后一段回归到结果：bringing about social change by changing the way。显然贯穿文章始终的是 Changemakers。故选 A 。 73． D 代词指代题。第三段讲的是在 1 995 年 Masqsood and I ftekhar 负责教城里的穷人们把垃圾 制成堆肥，因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场，但起初遭到拒绝，当他们说服这些城里人这样做有钱可赚 时，这一项目得以实施。故画线的 them 指代 the poor people in the city。故选 D。 74． C 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句"If you see a problem that you care about，you can help solve it"以及第五句"In fact，it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions"综合可得知选 C。 75． D 作者态度题。文章对 Ashoka's program 自始至终充满着赞赏之词，显然作者对此是持积极 态度的。故选 D。 16． （2013 湖北） 解读：一对母女合写了一本书，书中描述了这对母女生活的快乐和回忆。 55． D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Perri 发现自己的生活折射了妈妈的生活：她们都 有自己的事业，都出版了书籍、文章和小说，都生了三个孩子，都喜欢看书和旅游。由此可知选 D。 56． C 词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，Sheila 生长在 Brooklyn，她的父母都觉得让女孩儿上学是 luxury；对 Sheila 来说，浪费时间或者金钱是犯罪，luxury 是难以想象的，而女儿"Perri 则可以偶尔享受 一下小小的 luxury。从这些信息来看，luxury 是指"昂贵但不必要的东西"。 57． A 段落大意题。根据第四段可知，这对母女在书中描述了把她们的生活连在一起的那些快 乐与痛苦，爱与恨，讲到了母女两人交流抚养孩子的看法，一起享受珍贵的回忆等。这是这本书的内容， 而不是该书的目的、影响或写作风格。 58． D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这本书是用两个人的声音在讲述，好比二重奏；根据 第四段可知，她们用自己的不会被混淆的声音在轮流讲述。从这些信息看，这本书的写作风格是母女两 人从不同的角度探索女性生活，而不是"用音乐形式（误解了二重奏的含义）、通过野外研究（Perri 父 亲的工作）或独特的写作技巧（本文没有谈到她们的写作技巧）"。 17． ( 2013 山东) 解读：乔治·格什温是一位举世闻名的作曲家，他 1 8 岁开始作曲，在短暂的一生中为世人 留下了 500 多首曲子。 61． D 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句"0ver the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country"可知，人们以各种形式演唱或演奏格什温创作的曲子。故选 D。 62． B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的"showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular"可知，B 项正确。 63． A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的"While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris"和"It still remains one of his most famous works"可知，A 项正确。 64． B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的第三句"Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages"可知，世界各地的报纸都对他的去世进行了报道。故 选 B。 65． A 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知，格什温 18 岁开始作曲，因此他很有 "天赋"；他一生创作了 500 多首曲子，因此他是位"多产的"作曲家。 18． （2012 山东） 解读：本文介绍了《牛津英语词典》的编纂过程以及其主要编纂志愿者之一 William Chester Minor 的个人情况。 61． D 细节理解题。由第一段的第二句"In 1879，0xford University in England asked Prof James Murray to serveas editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language"可知 D 项正确。 62． C 细节理解题。根据第三段"Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray． 0verthe next 17 years，he became one of the staffs most valued contributors"可知答案为 C。 63． A 细节理解题。根据第四段的"In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to visit 0xford"和"When he arrived he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum（精神病院） for the Criminally Insane"可知答案。 64． B 细节理解题。第五段第一句中的"sharing their love of words"和选项 B 中的"had a common interest in words"同义。 65． D 推理判断题。从整篇文章来看，Minor 很有才华，对编纂《牛津英语词典》做出了巨大贡 献，但是他又是一个精神病患者，所以，可以判断他是—个非凡而又博学的人。 66． C 主旨大意题。因为文章介绍了编纂《牛津英语词典》和其主要参与编纂的志愿者 Minor 的 情况，所以 C 项当选。 19． （2012 安徽） 解读：墨西哥女画家弗里达·卡罗身残志坚，创作了无数优秀作品。虽然在有生之年其作品未 能受到应有的关注，但她最终于上世纪 70 年代在国际上赢得了声誉。 64． D 短语理解题。她去世后，能力（A 项）、天赋（B 项）、身体强壮程度（C 项）不会发生变 化，改变的只是人们对她的评价和了解而已，故选 D 项。第一段的第二句是答案提示。 65． C 细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句和第四句可知，卡罗背部的剧烈疼痛是由那次校车事故 造成的。而手术是为了治好背部的伤，而不是造成她背部疼痛的原因。 66． B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句的后半句"but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her lost works，show less influence from her husband"可知选 B.。 67． B 观点态度题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的 Sadly 和最后一段中的 Unfortunately 可以看出， 作者对卡罗的遭遇以及她的作品在她去世后才引起关注充满了同情，故选 B。 20． （2011 重庆） 解读：著名爱尔兰诗人叶芝早年的创作具有浪漫主义的华丽风格，后来，其创作风格发生了改 变，晚年更是佳作频出。 68． D 推理判断题。根据第一段后半部分的"both his father and his brother were painters"可推测 出他的家庭有艺术氛围。 69． C 推理判断题。叶芝出生在 1865 年，再结合文章后半部分子中的"who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75"可推知 C 项正确。 70． D 推理判断题。结合诗歌中的 an honoured guest、对叶芝的比喻 the Irish vessel 以及"Emptied of its poetry"可推知 W． H． Auden 表达的是对叶芝的"钦佩"。 71． A 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了叶芝在文学方面的成就，尤其是在戏剧和诗歌方面，最后 用诗坛名家 W． H． Auden 对他的高度评价结束全文，所以当选 A。 21． （2011 陕西） 解读：居里夫人几乎是家喻户晓，但是她的大女儿 Irene Curie 却鲜为人知。本文主要向我们讲 述了 Irene 如何像她父母那样献身科学的感人故事。Irene 和她的母亲一样获得过诺贝尔奖，也和她母亲 一样因接触放射性物质而患白血病。这位伟大的科学家于 1956 年 3 月 17 日病逝。 49． B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容可知，Irene 在第一次世界大战爆发后去帮助母亲利用 X 光设备救治伤员，后来在法国和比利时的部队医院继续研发X光设备，因此获得军功勋章(Military Medal)。 50． A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容可知，Irene 于 1918 年在 Curie Institute（居里学院） 给母亲当助理，1924 年 Frederic Joliot 加入该学院，故答案为 A。 51． A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句话可知，Irene Curie 和 Frederic Joliot 的女儿是在 1927 年出生的，5 年之后儿子 Pierre 出生(1927+5=1932)。 52． C 细节归纳题。根据第一段中的"and the first person to win it twice"可知，居里夫人获得过两 次诺贝尔奖。再根据最后一段可知，Irene 在 1935 年和她的丈夫一起荣获诺贝尔奖。故 C 项说明了 Irene Curie 和她母亲的不同。 考点 7 史地人文类 1． (2017 江苏) CHR0N0L0GICA ——The Unbelievable Years that Defined History DID Y0U KN0W… In 105 AD paper was invented in China? When Columbus discovered the New World? The British Museum opened in 1759? CHR0N0L0GICA is a fascinating journey through time ，from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the internet ． Along the way are tales of kings and queens ，hot air balloons…and monkeys in space． Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds ， how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record． CHR0N0L0GICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history，beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts ． While CHR0N0L0GICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great ，this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum． This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old ，and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new! 56． What is CHR0N0L0GICA according to the next? A． A biography． B． A travel guide． C． A history book． D． A science fiction． 57． How does the writer recommend CHR0N0L0GICA to readers? A． By giving details of its collection． B． By introducing some of its contents． C． By telling stories at the beginning． D． By comparing it with other books． 2． （2017 天津） This month，Germany’s transport minister，Alexander Dobrindt，proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆)． They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost． The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future． Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel — to check email， say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash． “The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt． It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers， he says． Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers， consumers and lawyers． “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all，” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds，UK． An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars，introduced earlier this year， insists that a human “ be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment． But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars ． “When you say ‘driverless cars’， people expect driverless cars． ”Merat says． “You know — no driver． ” Because of the confusion ， Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation． Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own， says Ryan Calo at Stanford University ， California ． That is happening in the UK and Singapore ， where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched． That would go down poorly in the US， however． “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，” says Calo． 46． What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A． A place where cars often break down． B． A case where passing a law is impossible． C． An area where no driving is permitted． D． A situation where drivers’ role is not clear． 47． The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to __________． A． stop people from breaking traffic rules B． help promote fully automatic driving C． protect drivers of all ages and races D． prevent serious property damage 48． What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars? A． It should get the attention of insurance companies． B． It should be the main concern of law makers． C． It should not cause deadly traffic accidents． D． It should involve no human responsibility． 49． Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in __________． A． Singapore B． the UK C． the US D． Germany 50． What could be the best title for passage? A． Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability? B． Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough C． Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed! D． Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents 3． （2016 新课标Ⅰ） The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups． Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empt y when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness， or worry． Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙)with conversation． Persons in other cultural groups value silenceand viewit as necessary for understanding a person's needs． Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as s ome traditional Chinese and Thai persons do． Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaki ng and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing． In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection． 0ther cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power． For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion． However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her． In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority． Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing． Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily． A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures． 32． What does the author say about silence in conversations? A． It implies anger． B． It promotes friendship． C． It is culture-specific． D． It is content-based． 33． Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A． The Chinese． B． The French． C． The Mexicans． D． The Russians． 34． What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A． Let it continue as the patient pleases． B． Break it while treating patients． C． Evaluate its harm to patients． D． Make use of its healing effects． 35． What may be the best title for the text? A． Sound and Silence B． What It Means to Be Silent C． Silence to Native Americans D． Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 4． （2016 四川） In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people． Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs． And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946． In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world． The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin． Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne． “I have a special love for the French Guianese people． I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin． “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them． Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment． I don’t see it as a lawless land． But rather I see it as an area of freedom． ” “I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin． “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly． ” His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time ． These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for． These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide． 28． Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana? A． They seldom follow the French law． B． They often ignore the Guianese law． C． They are separated from the modern world． D． They are both Guianese and French citizens． 29． Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________． A． a tour guideB． a geographerC． a film directorD． a photographer 30． What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese? A． Cautious． B． Doubtful． C． Uninterested． D． Appreciative． 31． What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A． The modern French lifestyle． B． The self-supporting hunting． C． The uncivilized hunting． D． The French Republic． 5． （2015 福建） Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. 0n the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane(赛道). Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy(辛辣),but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three clays every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don’t like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn’t for you! La Tomatina—The World’s Biggest Food Fight 0n the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week’s events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowD． The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much-needed wash! 56． In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must _____ . A． wear various formal clothes B． roll a wooden cheese in their own lane C． kick or throw their cheese D． use a real cheese weighing about four kilos 57． Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held? A． In New Mexico. B． In the Caribbean. C． In Australia. D． In China. 58． __________________________________The celebration of La Tomatina lasts . A． three days B． seven days C． less than three days D． more than seven days 59． Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A． The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine. B． More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. C． Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. D． An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La TomatinA． 6． （2015 湖北） Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. 0nce called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture. In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They built themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. 0ne of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s. The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the NederlandseSeintoestellen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hilversum. Most radio stations settled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to t he local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town. In the early 1900s, modern architects W.M. Dudok and J.Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 21th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings still bear his unique characteristics, His masterpiece , Hilversum Town Hall, was built in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum. 59． Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______. A． it has a large population B． it is cut off from big cities C． it has many beautiful gardensD． it is in a hilly area with sandy soil 60． What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum? A． Building a railway link to Amsterdam. B． Helping its textile industry to develop. C． Constructing large villas for the poor. D． Assisting its agricultural industry. 61． The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______. A． a radio factory B． the medial capital C． a radio stationD． a TV station 62． What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall? A． It consists of approximately 75 buildings. B． It looks like an open air museum in the city. C． It is a classic example in architecture textbooks. D． It has shaped most of 20thcentury Hilversum. 7． （2015 安徽） Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country. Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion ( 时 刻 ) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread. Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies ( 预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it. Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world. 72． According to the passage, sharing bread______. A． indicates a lack of food B． can help to develop unity C． is a custom unique to rural areas D． has its roots in birthday celebrations 73． What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year? A． Trust. B． Success. C． Health. D． Togetherness. 74． The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______. A． using examples B． making comparisons C． analyzing causes D． describing processes 75． What is the passage mainly about? A． The custom of sharing food. B． The specific meaning of food. C． The role of food in ceremonies. D． The importance of food in culture. 8． （2014 重庆） The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humansgreatly． Sadly，biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid — we simply weigh too much，and all our masspushes down through our relatively small feet，resulting in a lot ofpressure that makes us sink． However，several types of animals can walk on water． 0ne of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus，a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South America． It can run across water for adistance of several meters，avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting thewater's surface with its feet． The lizard will take as many as 20 steps persecond to keep moving forward． For humans to do this，we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate "hitting"． But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour． By adding enoughof this common thickening agent to water(and it does take a lot) ， youcan create a "non-New'tonian" liquid that doesn't behave like normal water． Now，if the surface of the water is hit hard enough，particles (粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard． Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step，and youreally can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour． Fun though all this may sound，it's still rather messy and betterread about in theory than carried out in practice． If you must do it，thenkeep the water wings handy in case you start to sink and take ashower afterward ! 44． Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans ______ ． A． are not interested in it B． have biological limitations C． have not invented proper tools D． are afraid to make an attempt 45． What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage? A． It is light enough to walk on water． B． Its huge feet enable it to stay above water． C． It can run across water at a certain speed． D． Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water． 46． What is the function of the cornflouraccording to the passage? A． To create a thick liquid． B． To turn the water into solid． C． To help the liquid behave normally． D． To enable the water to move rapidly． 47． What is the author's attitude toward the idea of humans' walking on water? A． It is risky but beneficial． B． It is interesting and worth trying． C． It is crazy and cannot become a reality． D． It is impractical though theoretically possible． 9． (2014 安徽) Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildingsin a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question ，we mustfirst examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel ofan area． Not all historical buildings are attractive． However，there may be other reasons — for example， economic(经济的) reasons — why they should be preserved． So，let us assume that historical buildings areboth attractive and important to the majority of people． What should wedo then if a new building is needed? In my view，new architectural styles can exist perfectly wellalongside an older style． Indeed， there are many examples in my ownhome town of Tours where modern designs have been placed verysuccessfully next to old buildings． As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much，it often improvesthe attractiveness of the area． It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in，but the same can be said of some old buildings too． Yet people still speak against new buildings in historicareas． I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change． Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of thebuildings． I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner tomove things forward． If we always reproduced what was there before， wewould all still be living in caves． Thus，I would argue against copyingprevious architectural styles and choose something fresh and different，even though that might be the more risky choice． 68． What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A． Some of them are not attractive． B． Most of them are too expensive to preserve． C． They are more pleasing than modern buildings． D． They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area． 69． Which of the following is true according to the author? A． We should reproduce the same old buildings． B． Buildings should not dominate their surroundings． C． Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in． D． No one understands why people speak against new buildings． 70． By "move things forward" in the last paragraph，the author probably means" _____ "． A． destroy old buildings B． put things in a different place C． choose new architectural styles D． respect people's feelings for historical buildings 71． What is the main purpose of the passage ? A． To explain why people dislike change． B． To warn that we could end up living in caves． C． To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings． D． To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas． 10． （2013 新课标全国Ⅱ） In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by anAustrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music，dance and theatre in Edinburgh． The idea was to reunite Europe afterthe Second World War． It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness，RichardBurton，Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras (交响乐团)． It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400，000 people yearly． At the same time，the "Fringe" appeared as a challenge to the official festival． Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947，in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform， and they did so ina public house disused for years． Soon，groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University，and later from the universities of 0xford and Cambridge ， Durham and Birminghamwere making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to performtheatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people ofEdinburgh． Today the "Fringe "，once less recognized，has far outgrown the festival with around l，500 performances of theatre，music and dance onevery one of the 21 days it lasts． And yet as early as 1959，with only 19theatre groups performing，some said it was getting too big． A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971，and todaythere are eight administrators working all year round and the numberrises t0 150 during August itself． In 2004 there were 200 places housing1，695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries． More than l.25 million tickets were sold． 60． What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning? A． To :bring Europe together again． B． To honor heroes of World War II． C． To introduce young theatre groups． D． To attract great artists from Europe． 61． Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947? A． They owned a public house there． B． They came to take up a challenge． C． They thought they were also famous． D． They wanted to take part in the festival． 62． Who joined the "Fringe" after it appeared ? A． Popular writers． B． University students． C． Artists from around the world． D． Performers of music and dance． 63． We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival ______ ． A． has become a non-official event B． has gone beyond an art festival C． gives shows all year round D． keeps growing rapidly 11． （2013 安徽） Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place． Around 1870，it was experiencing an economic(经济的) boom，and the capital，Buenos Aires，attracted many people． Farmers，as wellas aflood of foreigners from Spain and Italy，came to Buenos Aires seekingjobs． These jobs didn't pay well，and the people felt lonely anddisappointed with their new life in the city． As the unhappy newcomersmixed together in the poor parts of the city， the dance known as the tango(探戈舞) came into being． At the beginning the tango was a danceof the lower classes． It wasdanced in the bars and streets． At that time there were many fewerwomen than men，so if a man didn't want to be left out，his only choicewas to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention ofthe few available women． Gradually，the dance spread into the upperclasses of Argentinean society and became more respectable． In Europe at this time，strong interest in dance from around theworld was beginning． This interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris． Every kind of dance from ballet(芭蕾舞) to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters． After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe， they began to draw theinterest of the public as they performed their exciting dance in cafes． Though not everyone approved of the new dance ， saying it was a little tooshocking ， the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular． The popularity(流行) of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world． Soldiers who returned to the United States from WorldWar I brought the tango to North America． It reached Japan in 1926，and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador，and promote tango dancingthroughout South Korea． 72． The origin of the tango is associated with ________ ． A． belly dancers B． American soldiers C． a Spanish city D． the capital of Argentina 73． Which of the following is true about the tango? A． It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy． B． People of the upper classes loved the tango most． C． It was often danced by two males in the beginning． D． A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador． 74． Before World War I， the tango spread to ______． A． America B． Japan C． France D． South Korea 75． What can be the best title for the text? A． How to Dance the Tango B． The History of the Tango C． How to Promote the Tango D． The Modern Tango Boom 12． (2012 湖北) It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland's oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education ． A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to studymedicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers． Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873 ， the seven-page document ， whichurged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution，wasreleased yesterday on International Women's Day． The document was discovered buried in the university archives (档案) by part-time history student Lis Smith，who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research． She said: "Weknew that Sophia Jex-Blake and her supporters，in their effort to open up university medical education for women ， had written to the Senatus Academicus( 校 评 议 委 员 会 ) at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there，but we didn9t know documentaryevidence existed． While searching the archives for information about theuniversity's higher certificate for women，I was astonished to come acrosswhat must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote． " In the letter，Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers orbuild suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures tobe delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews． Althoughher letter was not successful，it eventually led to the establishment of theLadies Literate in Arts at St Andrews，a distance-learning degree forwomen． The qualification， which ran from 1877 until the 1930s，gavewomen access to university education in the days before they wereadmitted as students． It was so popular that it survived long after womenwere admitted as full students to St Andrews in l892． Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School ofMedicine for Women in 1874． She was accepted by the University ofBerne ， where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877． Eventually，she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice． 59． Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted ________ ． A． to carry out a research project there B． to set up a medical institute there C． to study medicine there D． to deliver lectures there 60． Lis Smith found Sophia's letter to St Andrews University_________ ． A． by pure chance B． in the school office C． with her supporters' help D． while reading history books 61． Sophia's letter resulted in the establishment of ________． A． the London School of Medicine for Women B． a degree programme for women C． a system of medical education D． the University of Berne 62． When did St Andrews University begin to take full-time women students ? A． In 1873． B． In 1874． C． In 1877． D． In 1892． 13． （2012 重庆） To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians( 基 督 教 徒 ) have ever cooked up． For them，the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil(邪恶的)． So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America ， a land mistakenly considered to be Eden ， everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion． Wrongly taken as the appleof Eden，the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans． What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake，a plant that was thought to have come from Hell( 地狱) ． What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked likea dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits． Though the tomato andthe mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red oryellow fruit，the general population considered them one and the same，too terrible to touch． Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato ， and until the early1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet． In the1880s， the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the mostinteresting partof an afternoon tea at her father's house had been the"introduction of this wonderful new fruit - or is it a vegetable?" As lateas the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes withmandrakes as an "evil fruit"． But in the end tomatoes carried the day ． The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson，and when he was publicly going toeat the tomato in 1820，people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watchhim drop dead． "What are you afraid of?" he shouted． " I'll show you fools that these things are good to eat!" Then he bit into the tomato． Some people fainted． But he survived and，according to a local story． set up a tomato-canning factory． 68． The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because _______ ． A． it made Christians evil B． it was the apple of Eden C． it came from a forbidden land D． it was religiously unacceptable 69． What can we infer from the underlined part in Paragraph 3? A． The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down． B． There was little progress in the study of the tomato． C． The tomato was still refused in most western countries． D． Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato． 70． What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly? A． To make himself a hero． B． To remove people's fear of the tomato． C． To speed up the popularity of the tomato． D． To persuade people to buy products from his factory． 71． What is the main purpose of the passage? A． To challenge people's fixed concepts of the tomato． B． To give an explanation to people's dislike of the tomato． C． To present the change of people's attitudes to the tomato． D． To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence． 14． （2012 安徽） Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils（灾祸）. People’s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions （反应）toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches. Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites （ 食 欲 ） . Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully. 60． Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their . A． cultural values B． commercial purposes C． personal experiences D． physical reactions to the color 61． Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button? A． To relax people physically. B． To increase people’s appetites. C． To encourage people to make a purchase. D． To cause a person’s blood pressure to rise. 62． What color might help lose weight according to the text? A． Red B． Green. C． Blue. D． Purple. 63． Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text? A． Colors and Human Beings B． The Cultural Meaning of Color C． Colors and Personal Experiences D． The Meaning and Function of Color 15． （2011 安徽） Ireland has had a very difficult history． The problems started in the 16 th century when English rulers tried to conquer ( 征 服 ) Ireland ． For hundreds of years ， the Irish people fought against the English ． Finally ， in1921 ， the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland． The result is that today there are two "Irelands"． Northern Ireland，in the north，is part of the United Kingdom． TheRepublic of Ireland，in the south，is an independent country． In the 1840s the main crop，potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750，000 people died of hunger． This，and a shortage (短缺) of work，forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA，the UK，Australia and Canada． As a result of these problems，the population fellfrom 8.2 million in 1841 t0 6.6 million in 1851． For many years，the majority of Irish people earned their living asfarmers． Today，many people still work on the land but more and morepeople are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices． Life inthe cities is very different from life in the countryside，where things moveat a quieter and slower pace． The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly． 0scarWilde，a famous Irish writer，once said that the Irish were "the greatest talkers since the Greeks"． Since independence，Ireland h as revived (复 兴)its own culture of music，language，literature and singing． Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments． 0ther kinds of Irish music use many different instrumentssuch as the violin，whistles，etc． 68． What does the author tell us in Paragraph l? A． How the Irish fought against the English． B． How Ireland gained independence． C． How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland． D． How two "Ireland" came into being． 69． We learn from the text that in Ireland ________ ． A． food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population B． people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside C． it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker D． different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments 70． The last paragraph is mainly about A． the Irish character B． Irish culture C． Irish musical instruments D． a famous Irish writer 71． What can be the best title for the text? A． Life in Ireland B． A Very Difficult History C． Ireland，Past and Present D． The Independence of Ireland 16． (2011 重庆) Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing． However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt． In the early 16thcentury，people thought that dirton the skin was ameans to block out disease， as medical opinion had it that washing off dirtwith hot water could open up the skin arid let ills in ． A particulardanger was thought to lie in public baths． By 1538，the French king hadclosed the bath houses in his kingdom． So did the king of England in1546． Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europelived with dirt in a friendly way． Henry IV，King of France，wasfamously dirty． Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，theking ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman shouldnot go out． Though the belief in the merit of dirtwas long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century． Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health． Clean watersupply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease． Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science sinceWorld War II． Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need tobe whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine． Has the hatefor dirt，however，gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays． Many first-timeparents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，whichmight be responsible for the spread of disease． 0n the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system． And the latterposition is gaining some ground． 64． The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because______ ． A． they lived healthily in a dirty environment B． they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in C． they believed disease could be spread in public baths D． they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease 65． Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing? A． Afraid． B． Curious． C． Approving． D． Uninterested． 66． How does the passage mainly develop? A． By providing examples． B． By making comparisons． C． By following the order of time． D． By following the order of importance． 67． What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A． To stress the role of dirt． B． To introduce the history of dirt． C． To call attention to the danger of dirt． D． To present the change of views on dirt． 第一部分 阅读理解 考点 7 史地人文类答案 1． (2017 江苏) 56． C【解析】根据文中的“CHR0N0L0GICA is a fascinating journey through time, from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the internet” 可 知 ， 它 与 历 史 有 关 ， 再 根 据 文 中 的 “ CHR0N0L0GICA is an informative...this book also gives an account”可知，它是一本书，故答案为 C。 57． B【解析】根据文中的“Roman Emperor”、“Spencer Perceval”、“Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great”等可知，文章通过介绍一些具体的内容来向读者推荐这本书。故答案为 B。 2． （2017 天津） 46． D【解析】根据下文“the grey area between... the driverless future”对“死亡谷”的解释，可知这 里的“死亡谷”指的是：半自动驾驶与完全无人驾驶的汽车之间的这片中间区域（界线不明、难以界定 的领域），故应指驾驶员的角色不明朗的情景，D 项描述与之吻合。 47． B【解析】根据第三段提到德国交通部长希望的三件事以及第四段说交通道路法规中关于自主驾驶 车辆的这种变化将会允许完全自主驾驶的车辆投入使用（permit fully automatic driving）可知，选 B。 48． D【解析】题干询问消费者（乘客）对于无人驾驶汽车的看法，在谈到谁应承担无人驾驶车辆的 责任时，第七段说，当你说无人驾驶车辆的时候，人们以为是没有司机，从这些信息可以推断出，消费 者在这种情况下会觉得没有为无人驾驶车辆的安全问题负责的人，故选 D。 49． C【解析】在谈到无人驾驶车辆在各国的前景时，最后两段谈到在英国和新加坡，由政府提供的无 人驾驶车辆正在投入使用，但是在美国这种情况就会很糟糕（go down poorly in the US），在这里，认为 政府会接管无人驾驶车辆，把它们作为对公众有益的事物，这是完全行不通的(would get absolutely nowhere)，由此推断，作者觉得这种无人驾驶车辆在美国没有发展前景。 50． A【解析】全文把德国交通部长的提议作为引入，讲述了无人驾驶车辆的法律责任的认定，无人 驾驶车辆在遇到车祸时首先应该保障的是车辆还是乘客的安全等问题，因此选 A。 3． （2016 新课标Ⅰ） 32． C【解析】根据第一段第三句“A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry”（某一谈话中的沉默可能也表示倔强、不安或者担忧）可知，silence in conversations 具有文化特 异性。故选 C。 33． A【解析】根据第二段中的“Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part. of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied（暗示）is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing”可知，中国人可能认为一个人 在谈话时突然停顿是希望听话人去仔细思考。故选 A。 34． D【解析】根据最后一段，尤其是最后一句“A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures”可知，护 士应该充分利用沉默的治愈价值。故选 D。 35． B【解析】通读全文可知，文章介绍了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含义，故选 B。文章未谈及 Sound，所以 A 项不对；文章虽谈到了 Silence to Native Americans，但这不是文章的中心内容，故排除 C 项；文章未涉及 Speech Is Silver 的内容，所以 D 项也不对。 4． （2016 四川） 28． A【解析】根据第一段中的“Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs”“In theory，they should live by the French law”可知，作者感到惊讶的是法属圭亚那的土著人 有自己的法律和社会风俗，他们很少遵守法国的法律。所以 A 项正确。 29． D【解析】根据倒数第二段中的“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life”及最后一段中的“His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show...”可知，Gin 是以一名摄影师的身份介绍圭亚那的。所以 D 项正确。 30． D【解析】由第三段中的“I have a special love for the French Guianese people” “I don't see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom”可知，Gin 很欣赏圭亚那土著人的生活方式。所以 D 项正确。 31． A 【解析】根据最后一段中的“These local citizens now haveto balance their traditional self-supporting huntinglifestyle with the lifestyle offered by themodern FrenchRepublic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide”可知，it 指 代的是上文的“the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic”。所以 A 项正确。 5． （2015 福建） 56． B 根据第一段中的“roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. 0n the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane（赛道）”可知答案选 B。 57． A 根据第二段第一句话中的“New Mexico”可知答案。 58． B 根据第三段中的“A week-long celebration”可知答案。 59． C 根据文章第二段中的“food that is not just spicy（辛辣）”和“or any one of the thousands of products that are on show”可知答案。 6． （2015 湖北） 59． D 文章第一段的第二句就说明了这座城市与荷兰其他城市的不同，即 Hilversum 位于丘陵地区， 且土壤大多数是沙土。因此选 D。 60． B 由第二段的“They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum”可知，这家人对这座城市最大的贡献是帮助这座城市发展了纺织业，因此选 B。 61． A 由第三段的内容可知，在 1920 年，NSF 在这座城市建起一个收音机厂后，这里的经济才转换 为媒体经济，故选 A。 62． C 由最后一段的内容可知，现代建筑师 W． M． Dudok 塑造了 Hilversum 这座城市 20 世纪的 建筑风格，这个城市的市政厅是他的杰作，被收录到很多建筑学的教科书，由此推断，这座市政厅成为 了建筑学教科书的典范。 7． （2015 安徽） 72． B 根据第一段中的＂Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust＂可知答案为 B 项。 73． B 根据第三段中的＂A coin is put into the cake，which signifies（预示）success in the New Year for the person who receives it＂知答案为 B 项。 74． A 作者是通过举例来说明食物在节日庆祝中的作用的，比如：在第三段中分别以美国南部、希 腊为例，而第四段中则举了中国为例。 75． D 第一段的中心句是＂Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions＂；第三段的中心句是＂Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations＂；第四段的中心句是＂Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role＂。综上所述，可知答案为 D 项。 8． （2014 重庆） 解读：虽然很多动物比如蜥蜴可以在水上行走，但是在水上行走一直是人类难以实现的梦想，本文介绍 一种可行的原理，不过目前仍然处于理论研究层面。 44． B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知答案，人类不能在水上行走主要是因为受到其生理上的局 限。 45． C 推理判断题。根据第二段第四句中的"20 steps per second"可知，一种蜥蜴能够在水上行走，速 度是非常关键的。B 项干扰性很强，但是蜥蜴并不是待在水面上，需要用脚快速击打水面。 46． A 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，玉米粉的作用是使水变稠。"thickening"与 A 项中的"hick" 一致。 47． D 推理判断题。根据最后…段的陈述可知，该设想理论上可行但是目前尚不能实现。 9． (2014 安徽) 解读：本文为议论文。保护古建筑与城市的发展是对矛盾，如何解决这个矛盾？作者就此谈了自己的 看法。 68． A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句"Not all historical buildings are attractive"可知并非所有的历史 建筑都有吸引力，也即部分没有吸引力。故选 A。 69． C 细节理解题。根据第三段首句"It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt （破坏）the area they are in，but the same can be said of some old buildings too"可知，作者认可有些古建 筑破坏了其所在的地区。故选 C。 70． C 短语猜测题。根据画线部分后的"If we always reproduced what was there before，we would all still beliving in caves． Thus，I would argue against copyingprevious architectural styles and choose something freshand different，even though that might be the more risky choice"可知选 C。 71． D 写作意图题。本文为议论文，作者就热门话题——古建筑保护与新建筑的建设是否矛盾的问 题发表了自己的看法。作者在第二段提出自己的观点：In my view，new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style． 接下来就此进行了论证。故选 D。 10． （2013 新课标全国Ⅱ） 解读：本文介绍了英国爱丁堡的艺术节。 60． A 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，举办爱丁堡艺术节的目的是让欧洲人民在二战后团结 起来。 61． D 细节理解题。由第二句可知，8 个剧组于 1947 年在未受到邀请的情况下参加了这次音乐节， 他们认为每个人都有权来表演。D 项符合文意。 62． B 细节理解题。由第四段可知，先是爱丁堡大学的学生，后来便是牛津、剑桥、达勒姆和伯明翰 的大学的学生，他们纷纷来到苏格兰首府表演。故本题选 B。 63． D 推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，该节日曾经不受承但现在已经成为持续 21 天、每天都有约 l 500 项表演的盛大的艺术节。 11． （2013 安徽） 解读：本文为说明文。主要介绍了探戈舞的起源和发展过程等。 72． D 细节理解题。文章第一、二段介绍的是探戈舞的起源，belly dancing 是当时在欧洲流行的舞蹈 之一，与探戈舞的起源无关，因此 A 项可排除；一战归来的美国士兵将探戈舞带到了美国，这属于探 戈舞的发展史，而不是起源，B 项也可排除；C 项和 D 项为两个地名，通读第一段可知，探戈舞起源于 阿根廷的首都 Buenos Aires． 故选 D。 73． C 细节理解题。 A 项的内容文中没有提及，故排除 A 项：根据第二段的首句"At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes． "和最后一句"Gradually，the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable． "可排除 B 项；D 项与最后一段最后一句中的"and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as akind of dance ambassador，and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea"不符；根据第二段的第三句"At that time there were many fewer women than men，so if aman didn't want to be left out，his only choice was todance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women． "可知 C 项正确。 74． C 细节理解题。通读全文后可知，探戈舞传到美国是在第一次世界大战之后，传到日本是在 1926 年，在韩国流传开来是在 2003 年，显然 A、B、D 三项均可排除。根据第三段的内容可知，探戈舞在其 诞生后不久就传到了法国，其诞生大约是在 1 870 年，因此传到法国应该是在一战前。故选 C。 75． B 标题归纳题。本文介绍的是探戈舞的起源及其发展史，故选 B。 12． (2012 湖北) 解读：一名学生在苏格兰一所大学的档案中发现了一封 140 年前的信，信的主人是 Sophia Jex-Blake， 她呼+吁该大学接收女生学习医学。这封信在当时掀起了一场高等教育革命。 59． C 细节理解题。由第一段的第二句可知，Sophia 写这封信的目的是呼吁该大学接收她学医，因此 选 C。 60． A 细节理解题。由第二段的最后一句可知，Lis Smith 是偶然发现这封信的，对此她感到很惊讶。 由此可知 A 项正确。 61． B 细节理解题。由第三段的第二句可知，尽管这封信没有成功地让她进入该大学学医，但是它最 终使得该大学设立了一个女子远程学习学位，由此可知选 B。 62． D 细节理解题。从第三段最后一句可知，该大学在 1892 年开始接收女生作为全日制学生。 13． （2012 重庆） 解读：本文讲述了西红柿被西方人逐步接受的过程。 68． D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段描述的"那些基督教徒认为苹果是一种邪恶的水果"以及第一段的 最后一句可推知，西红柿被拒绝的原因与宗教有关，故选 D 项。 69． C 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的"Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato"可知，谨慎的 西方人长期忽视西红柿，并结合本段最后一句可得出本题选 C 项。 70． B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Robert Johnson 说的话"I'll show you． ． ． things are good to eat!"可知，他想推广西红柿，让人们接受西红柿。故选 B 项。 71． C 写作意图题。本文讲述了西红柿被西方人逐步接受的过程。故选 C 项。 14． （2012 安徽） 本文应该是社会生活类的文章。 60． A 根据题干找到出处了，第一段的中心就是 The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. 61． C 推理题饭店的理由是血压上升，食欲大增，而购物网站只能是 C 了。常识告诉我们，红色不能 使人身体放松。 62． C 细节题，直接能找到答案，只要细心 99%的人就能找到。 63． D 主旨题。正常境况是这样：第一句设问句，只能说是引语，第二句对问题的回答才是主题句， 所以主题句应该是 The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. 其实不 然。根据五段式分析，第一句话即第一自然段提出问题，但是没有回答。第二段、第三段和第四段分别 是回答，第五自然段是建议部分。 15． （2011 安徽） 解读：昔日的爱尔兰饱经风霜，如今的爱尔兰光彩夺目。翻开它的历史，体验它的风情。爱尔兰； 一个神奇的国度。 68． D 段落大意题。本段的后半部分叙述的是最终结果，所以第一段作者意在阐述两个"爱尔兰"是如 何形成的。 69． A 细节理解题。第二段提到在 19 世纪 40 年代，由于土豆被疾病感染，大约 75 万人死于饥饿， 由此可知这一时期的食物短缺导致了人口下降。本段最后一句话也是线索提示。 70． B 段落大意题。通读本段内容，尤其是根据本段中间部分的"Since independence， Ireland has revived（复兴）its own culture of． ． ． "可知，本段主要阐述的是爱尔兰文化。其余选项都不具有概 括性。 71． C 标题概括题。文章回顾了爱尔兰艰辛的独立过程以及曾经的艰难岁月，接着概述了爱尔兰如今 的风貌，所以"爱尔兰的今昔"作文章标题最合适。 16． (2011 重庆) 解读：讲究个人卫生似乎是放之四海而皆准的真理，殊不知，人们对身体上的污垢曾经有过不同的态度。 64． C 推理判断题。第二段第二句提到人们认为公共洗浴存在某种特殊的危险，由此可推知两位国王 之所以关闭浴室是因为他们相信疾病会在里面传播。 65． A 推理判断题。由第二段最后一句内容可知，亨利四世在得知一个贵族洗过澡后，为了避免疾 病的侵袭，于是命令那个人不许外出，由此可推知亨利四世非常害怕洗澡。 66． C 推理判断题。根据文章中依次出现的时间可知，本文主要是按照时间顺序来组织的。 67． D 写作目的题。文章第一段第二句点明了本文的中心，指出人们对污垢并没有固定的态度，再 结合下文每段的主要内容可知本文主要介绍的是人们对污垢态度的改变。 考点 8 议论说理类 1． （2017 浙江） FL0RENCE，Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt． The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly，but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad． Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits， or in some cases， citizenship． Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs，such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合)． 0thers say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation，seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society． 0ther European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants，and some terms are even tougher． The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures． Italy， which has a much weaker tradition of immigration， has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years． In 1990， immigrants numbered some 1． 14 million out of Italy’s then 56． 7 million people， or about 2 percent． At the start of this year， foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4． 56 million of a total population of 60． 6 million， or 7． 5 percent， with immigrants’ children accounting for an even larger percentage of births in Italy． Cojochru，the Moldovan caregiver，hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy；they live with her sister in Moldova，where salaries are among the lowest in Europe． She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration． Italians always “see me as a foreigner，” an outsider， even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently，she said． 28． Why does Cojochru have to take a language test? A． To continue to stay in Italy． B． To teach her children Italian． C． To find a better job in Italy． D． To better mix with the Italians． 29． Some people worry that the new language requirement may ________． A． reduce Italy’s population quickly B． cause conflicts among people C． lead to financial difficulties D． put pressure on schools 30． What do we know about Cojochru? A． She lives with her sister now in Italy． B． She enjoys learning the Italian language． C． She speaks Italian well enough for her job． D． She wishes to go back to her home country． 2． （2017 天津） D I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting． But where are we doing all of this waiting， and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue， let’s take a look at three types of “waits”． The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait． It is without doubt the most annoying of all． Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example． There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full． During these waits，the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks． This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless． A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait． This one requires a bit of discipline． Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait． Directions are very specific． “Bring three cups of water to boil， add mix， simmer three minutes， remove from heat， let stand five minutes． ”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly． After all， Forced Waiting requires patience． Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait． This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary． Unlike the Forced Wait，which is also voluntary， waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen． Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope ，and is strictly for the optimists among us． 0n the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes，but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it． As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it，wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody． We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting． The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky，don’t be desperate． You’re probably just as busy as the next guy． 51． While doing a Watched-Pot Wait，we tend to ___________． A． keep ourselves busy B． get absent-minded C． grow anxious D． stay focused 52． What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait? A． The Forced Wait requires some self-control． B． The Forced Wait makes people passive． C． The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions． D． The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain． 53． What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait? A． It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait． B． It doesn’t always bring the desired result． C． It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait． D． It doesn’t give people faith and hope． 54． What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting? A． Take it seriously． B． Don’t rely on others． C． Do something else． D． Don’t lose heart． 55． The author supports his view by _________． A． exploring various causes of “waits”． B． describing detailed processes of “waits”． C． analyzing different categories of “waits” D． revealing frustrating consequences of “waits” 3． (2016 全国卷Ⅰ) Grandparents Answer a Call As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away, Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused． 0nly after a year of friendly discussion did Ms． Garza finally say yes． That was four years ago． Today all three generations regard the move to a success ，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities． No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren ． Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing ． Even President 0bama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters． According to a study grandparents com． 83 percent of the people said Mrs． Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family． Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of 0bama’s family． “in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents． We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raining children． ” Moving is not for everyone． Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead． Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder． 25． Why was Garza’s move a success? A． It strengthened her family ties． B． It improved her living conditions． C． It enabled her make more friends． D． It helped her know more new places． 26． What was the reaction of the public to Mrs． Robinson’s decision? A． 17% expressed their support for it． B． Few people responded sympathetically． C． 83% believed it had a bad influence． D． The majority thought it was a trend． 27． What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A． They were unsure of raise more children． B． They were eager to raise more children． C． They wanted to live away from their parents． D． They bad little respect for their grandparent． 28． What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? A． Make decisions in the best interests' of their own． B． Ask their children to pay more visits to them． C． Sacrifice for their struggling children． D． Get to know themselves better． 4． (2016 北京) Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy( 自 主 性 ) and the development of adult identity． However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities． For previous generations ， college was decisive break from parental control ； guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within ． In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones，email and social media，have increased significantly． Some parents go so far as to help with coursework． Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home． To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility，college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation． This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在 思维方面) and personally． While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views． Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning． Learning to deal with the social world is equally important． Because a college community(群体) differs from the family，many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging． If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern，they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community． Moreover，the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults：the response to being controlled by their elders． If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled，the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged． It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out，particularly when there are reasons to do so． 0ur generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency． What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world． Therefore，there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth． Every college discussion about community values，social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation ， of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery． 67． What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A． Sympathetic B． Disapproving C． Supportive D． Neutral 68． The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means． A． change B． choice C． text D． extension 69． According to the author，what role should college play? A． To develop a shared identity among students B． To define and regulate students’ social behavior C． To provide a safe world without tension for students D． To foster students’ intellectual and personal development 70． Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? A． B． Sp 1 Sp 2Sp 2Sp 1 C P 2P 1 I P 3 Sp 2Sp 1 C P 2P 1 I C． D． I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Sub-point C：Conclusion 5． (2015 湖南) Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers. ■ Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others. ——Michael Horan ■I loved the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me. The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used. The police do nothing. What a laugh they are! The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jackets and lights at night and in the morning. They should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them. ——Carol Harvey ■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the Sp 2Sp 1 C P 2P 1 I Sp C P 2P 1 I pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him. 0ther road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim. ——JML Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper. 56. Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______. A. drivers should be polite to cyclists B. road accidents can actually be avoided C. some pedestrians are a threat to road safety D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes 57. Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______. A. be provided with enough roads B. be asked to ride on their own lanes C. be made to pay less tax for cycling D. be fined for laughing at policemen 58. What is a complaint of JML? A. Very few drivers are insured. B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements. C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights. D. Horse riders disrespect other road users. 59. The underlined word "they" in the third letter refers to ______. A. accidents B. vehicles C. pedestrians D. cyclists 60. The three letters present viewpoints on _______. A. real source of road danger B. ways to improve road facilities C. measures to punish road offences D. increased awareness of road rules 6． (2015 北京) Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes. An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys ( 调 查 ) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate. However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children. In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. 0n the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier. Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past. Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings. 67． The surveys inform us of______. A． the development of technology B． the changes of adult children’s behavior C． the parents’ over-protection of their college children D． the means and expenses of students’ communication 68． The writer believes that__________. A． parents today are more protective than those in the past B． the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages C． technology explains greater involvement with their children D． parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence 69． What is the best title for the passage? A． Technology or Attitude B． Dependence or Independence C． Family Influences or Social Changes D． College Management or Communication Advancement 70． Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage? 7． (2014 北京) Choosing the Right Resolution (决定) Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight． However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake． To reach our goal of losing weight --- the output, we need to control what we eat --- the input ( 输 入)． That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input． This is a bad way to construct goals． The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input． Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes． ” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome． Recently a new science behind incentives (激励) , including in education, has been discussed． For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school． In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams． His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output． Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not know how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder． ” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control． A. C P1 Ⅰ SpSp P2 B. C P1 Ⅰ Sp2Sp1 P2 Sp1Sp2 C C. Ⅰ P Sp1 D. P4 Ⅰ P3P1 P2 C As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success． And it’s easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do． If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example． This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily． Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too general． Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish． Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday． In the long run, these new goals could become a habit． 63． The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _______ ． A． it is hard to achieve for most Americans B． it is focused too much on the result C． it is dependent on too many things D． it is based on actionable decisions 64． In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because ______ ． A． they obeyed all the general rules B． they paid more attention to exams C． they were motivated by their classmates D． they were rewarded for reading some books 65． According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal? A． “I’ll give up desert． ” B． “I’ll study harder． ” C． “I’ll cut down my expense” D． “I’ll spend more time with my family” 66． The writer strongly believes that we should ________ ． A． develop good habits and focus on the outcome B． be optimistic about final goals and stick to them C． pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits D． set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output 8． (2013 广东) Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck ． I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do． Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is． However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical． And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing． To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in． This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love． If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it． When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost． It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway． Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time． If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards． Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into． 31． Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________． A． the reasons for success B． the meaning of success C ． the standards of success D． the importance of success 32． In Paragraph 2, the underlined word that refers to ______． A． being good at something B． setting a practical goal C． putting in more time D． succeeding in life 33． Successful people suggest doing what one loves because ______． A． work makes one feel pain B． one tends to enjoy his work C． one gives up his work easily D． it takes a lot of time to succeed 34． What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A． Successful people like to show their great skills． B． People sometimes succeed without luck or talent． C． People need to achieve success at the cost of life． D． It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success． 35． What is the main theme of the passage? A． Having a goal is vital to success． B． Being good is different from being great． C． 0ne cannot succeed without time and practice． D． Luck, talent and family help to achieve success． 9． (2012 新课标Ⅰ) Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since． A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water ． He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away． He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son． A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears． 0ne explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: 0nce we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it． In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them． We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks ． We not only learn but overlearn． The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood． The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course． By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned． A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development． 67． What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A． People remember well what they learned in childhood． B． Children have a better memory than grown-ups． C． Poem reading is a good way to learn words． D． Stories for children arc easy to remember． 68． The author explains the law of overlearning by_______． A． presenting research findings B． setting down general rules C． making a comparison D． using examples 69． According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_______． A． a result of overlearning B． a special case of cramming C． a skill to deal with math problems D． a basic step towards advanced studies 70． What is the author's opinion on cramming? A． It leads to failure in college exams． B． It's helpful only in a limited way． C． It's possible to result in poor memory． D． It increases students' learning interest． 第一部分 阅读理解 考点 8 议论说理类答案 1． （2017 浙江） 28． A【解析】根据文章第一段的“but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills”可知， Cojochru 为了能够继续在意大利待下去，将不得不参加语言测试，所以选 A 项。 29． B【解析】根据文章第三段的“Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make… for intolerance than integration（融合）”可知，许多移民支持者认为这种语言要求将会带来更多的不宽 容，而不是更多的融合，从而也可能导致更多的冲突，所以选 B 项。 30． C【解析】 根据文章最后一段中的“she's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently，she said”可知，Cojochru 已经在意大利长居多年，能流利地讲当地的语言，这足以 使她应对她在当地的工作，故选 C 项。A 项“她与姐姐现在生活在意大利”，这与倒数第二段提到的“她 的两个孩子与她姐姐在摩尔多瓦”不符，故排除；B 项“她喜欢学习意大利语”，与文章开头提到的“feels hurt”和全文提及的她的焦虑不一致，故排除；D 项“她希望能够回国”与倒数第二段提到的“她希望 获得意大利的永久居住权”不一致，故排除。 2． （2017 天津） 51． B【解析】第二段作者在分析第一类等待的时候说，在“看着水壶式的等待”中，我们的大 脑常会离开我们，到处飘移(the brain slips away from the body and wanders about)，这与 B 项陈述吻合。 52． A【解析】作者在解释第二种等待（即“被迫等待”）的时候说，这种等待需要一些纪律(requires a bit of discipline)，需要耐心(requires patience)，这与 A 项陈述的“需要一些自我控制”是一致的。 53． B【解析】关于这种“运气式的等待”，倒数第三段说它大多是自愿的，而且这种等待所期待 的结果未必就一定会出现(does not necessarily mean that it will happen)，这与 B 项的描述是一致的，因此 选 B。 54． D【解析】作者在最后一段说，下次我们在等待的时候不要绝望 (don't be desperate)，在等待 的时候你可能很忙，别人也可能很忙。由此推断选 D“不要灰心”。 55． C【解析】从文章内容看，作者首先说明“等待”在我们生活中的重要性，然后把等待分为 “看着水壶式的等待”“被迫等待”和“运气式的等待”三类，并逐一分析各自的特点，因此选 C。 3． (2016 全国卷Ⅰ) 25． A【解析】根据第一段的最后一句“Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities”可知，三代人将这一搬家视 为一种成功，因为它使一家人的关系更为密切。故选 A。 26． D【解析】根据第二段的“Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President 0bama's mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters…the example of 0bama's family”可知，大多数人认为 Marian Robinson 搬进白宫的决定是符合潮流的，故选 D。 27． C【解析】根据第三段的“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough...”可知，20 世纪 60 年代，人们想离开父母居住。故选 C。 28． A 【解析】根据最后一段“Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead． Having your… may be harder”可知，作者建议祖父母做决定时考虑他们自己的利益。故选 A。 4． (2016 北京) 67． B【解析】题干的 continued parental guidance 让我们把答案定位在第一、二段。作者首先说 大学时光应该让学生有自主性的发展，但是如今很多大学生没有肩负起成年人的责任；第二段分析原因， 说这些都是因为家长在孩子读大学之后还通过手机等方式帮助子女，结果，大学就成了与家庭一样的环 境。从这些信息判断应选 B，作者对于这种现象是不赞成的。 68． A【解析】从第二段画线词所在的语境看，此处指从家庭的庇护到有自主性和成年人的责任 之间的转变，因此该词的含义是 A，“转变”。 69． D【解析】题干的“大学的角色”是本文后面部分讨论的话题。第四段说，如果学生依靠管 理者来规范他们的社交行为和思维模式，他们就不能面对寻找自己身份带来的挑战（A 错，应该是鼓励 他们 finding an identity）；第五段说，大学监管和塑造学生的行为表现会引起学生的反感（B 错）；最后 一段说，每个大学关于社会价值观、社会风气和行为的讨论应该注重学生的自主性和自我规范以及学生 既要寻求安全又想自我发现这二者之间的矛盾（C 错，D 正确）。 70． C【解析】本题考查对文章篇章结构的推断。本文一共有七段，第一段指出本文要讨论的现象： 现在的大学生活与以往不同，很多大学生没有承担起成年人的责任。第二段分析原因，后面探讨各方应 该采取的做法。第三、四、五段是一个话题，说大学的管理者应该做什么。第六段探讨在大学生活时代， 我们应该如何承担起角色的转变，承担起成年人的责任。最后一段总结全文，回归主题。因此本文的篇 章结构应该是 C 项。 5． (2015 湖南) 56． C 根据第一封信第一段中的“But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders”可知，Michael Horan 认为步行者可能是最大的交通隐患。 57． B 根据第二封信最后一段中的“The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and…”可知，Carol Harvey 认为骑自行车的人应该被要求使用自行车道。 58． B 根据第三封信第一段的内容可知，JML 认为骑自行车的人在人行道上快速骑车，并且任意 闯交通信号灯。 59． D 根据第三封信最后一段的内容可知，JML 认为骑自行车的人应该注册登记，以发生交通事 故时追究责任，故 they 指代前面提到的“cyclists”。 60． A 从文章标题以及整篇文章的内容可知，本文主要辩论的是交通隐患的真正源头。 6． (2015 北京) 67． C 根据第二段第二句“Surveys（调查）on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be ‘very’ or ‘somewhat’ overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories”可知， 这些调查告知了我们父母对他们上大学的孩子保护过度，故答案为 C 项。 68． C 根据文章第一段第二句以及最后一段第二句可知，作者认为科技的发展使父母加强对他们 上大学的孩子的管教，故答案为 C 项。 69． A 文章就“家长对孩子的管教问题与科技之间的关系”这一话题进行了讨论，故 A 项“科 技还是态度”作文章标题最佳。 70． B 整篇文章讨论的是家长对孩子的管教问题与科技之间的关系。第一段提出论点；第二段 用调查说明作者不认可的一个观点；第三段用“However”一词转折，说明第二、三段是不同的两个观 点；第四、五两段用于支持第三段中提出的观点；最后一段作出了总结，故答案为 B 项。 7． (2014 北京) 63． B 作者提到“将减肥作为一种目标是一个错误”，因为“减肥需要我们控制所吃的食物，但 往往我们只注重输出（结果），而不去控制输入”。故选 B 项。 64． D 根据第三段中 Roland Fryer 的调查结果可知，基于“输入”激励让学生取得的成就更大， 而“输出”激励对学生却没有什么影响，且“输入”在第三段的实验中指“读书”，故答案为 D 项。 65． A 根据第二段中的“Instead of resolving to lose weight，try an actionable resolution:‘I'll stop having dessert for lunch，’”可知，A 项正确。 66． C 文章提到了 an actionable resolution，倒数第二段提到了 a well-specified action-based goal 和 an actionable habit，再由第二段的最后一句以及标题“选择正确的决定”也可以看出作者是赞成具体 行动的，故答案为 C 项。 8． (2013 广东) 31． A 根据第一段内容可以判断出，本段主要阐述了不同的人对于成功的原因的看法，因此选 择 A 项。 32． B 根据画线词前一句中的“one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical” 可判断出，that 在此指代“setting a practical goal”。’ 33． D 根据第二段最后一句“To become great at certain things，it'll require even more time that most people won't put in． ”以及第三段首句“This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love． ”可知应选 D。 34． B 根据第四段中的“It's sometimes easy…that you're wrong anyway”可知，有时容易以为别 人的成功是靠天赋或运气，但这样想对你并不好，这样想还是很大的可能是错的。言外之意就是说人们 有时成功并不是靠运气或天赋。故 B 项正确。 35． C 通读全文尤其是最后一段的内容可知，本文主要说明了“成功需要投入大量的时间与实 践”。 9． (2012 新课标Ⅰ) 67． A 由第一段第一句可知，人们能够很好地记得小时候学到的东西。 68． D 根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them． 和 The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are another of the things we overlearn in childhood． 69． A 根据文章的第四段“because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood”可 知：乘法口诀仍然是儿时过度学习的结果。 70． B 根据文章最后一段中的“By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned”可知：突击学习只在有限 的方面有帮助。 考点 9 七选五 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） If anyone hadtold me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping． I would have laughed heartily ． Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags． They had nothing in common with me． 36 ． The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer． 37 We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom． This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning． I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness． 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner ． My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life． 39 We have done a lot of it since ． Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set． There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator． The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains． 40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature． I recommend that you find your way in style． A． This time there was no tent． B． Things are going to be improved． C． The trip they took me on was a rough one． D． I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however． E． I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping． F． After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping． G． There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall． 2． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done． 36 ，there are several ways to handle things． Let’s take a look at them now． 37 ． Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time． When people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then． 38 ． It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions． When you need to talk to someone，don’t do it in your own office． 39 ． it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are. If you have a door to your office， make good use of it． 40 ． If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter． excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed，you’re not to be disturbed． A． If you’re busy，don’t feel bad about saying no B． When you want to avoid interruptions at work C． Set boundaries for yourselfas your time goes D． If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E． It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F． It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G． Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not 3． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock． In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock 36 Here is how to make one． ● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important． Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? 0nce you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make．  Rethink mornings ． Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities． If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags． 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer．  Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends． If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful． But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found． 39  Keep a record and evaluate it weekly ． Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel． After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record． 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try． A． Get a sleep specialist． B． Find the right motivation． C． A better plan for sleep can help． D． And consider setting a second alarm． E． If the steps you take are working, keep it up． F． Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day． G． Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee． 4． （2017 北京） Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy． When lab rats are not allowed to sleep， they die within a month． 71 0ne idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories． 72 We know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells，but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear． Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight， making room for fresh memories to form the next day． 73 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right． 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep， showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping． If Tononi’s theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a night`s，we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences． Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner． The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size． 75 “You keep what matters，” Tononi says． A． We should also try to sleep well the night before． B． It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories． C． Similarly， when people go for a few days without sleeping， they get sick． D． The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories． E． That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning． F． “Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi，who developed the idea． G． Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice． 5． （2017 浙江） How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport． 31 But with these tips，your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy． ·When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story， think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it． For example， if your topic is about environmental problems in America， you might ask， “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” 32 ·Hit the streets with confidence． 33 Say， “Excuse me， I work for XYZ News， and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic． ” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you． ·Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera． Don’t get discouraged． ·34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes． As soon as you get the answer you need， move on to the next person． Make sure that as you go from interview to interview， you are getting a variety of answers． If everyone is giving you the same answer，you won’t be able to use it． A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten． 35 ·If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air，don’t leave work without them． A． Limit your time． B． As you approach people，be polite． C． If you don’t own a camera，you can buy one． D． For new reporters，this can seem like a challenging task． E． To get good and useful results，ask them the same question． F． That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need． G． With a question like this，you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply． 6． （2016 新课标全国 I） Secret codes (密码)keep messages private． Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer． People have used secret codes for thousands of years． 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making． The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography． There are three main types of cryptography． 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me． ” __38__ You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26． If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5． ” A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences． To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book． 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me． ” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me． ” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long． So codes must be changed frequently． A． It is very hard to break a code without the code book． B． In any language, some letters are used more than others． C． 0nly people who know the keyword can read the message． D． As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them． E． You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out． F． With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words． G． Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet． 7． （2016 新课标全国Ⅱ） A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ● 37 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. 0thers are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers( 肥 料 ). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. 0ne of them comes from our earliest years. ●Recall(回忆) your childhood memories 0ur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 39 --how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A． Know why you garden B． Find a good place for your own garden C． It’s our experience of the garden that matters D． It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E． Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F． You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G． For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have 8． （2016 新课标全国Ⅲ） Everyone knows that fish is good for health． 36 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home． Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home． Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult． 37 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way． 38 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge． Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh． 39 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two． Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one． There are many common methods used to cook fish ． 40 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料)． Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound． (A larger one will take more time． ) Then, it’s ready to serve． A． Do not buy it． B． The easiest is to steam it． C． This is how you can do it． D． It just requires a little knowledge． E． The fish will go bad within hours． F． When buying fish, you should first smell it． G． The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease． 9． （2016 北京） The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth tasking． 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us． Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work． The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans． Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring． 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next，humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk． So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well，even 200,000 years ago，too much risk-taking could get one killed． A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types． As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today． So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it． 73 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years． 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences． New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well． 75 For the risk-seekers，a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active,while for the rest of us,a part of the brain related to fear becomes active． As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking,we’ll continue to hit the mountains,the waves or the shallow end of the pool． A． It all depends on your character． B． Those are the risks you should jump to take． C． Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival． D． Thus,these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest． E． This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world． F． However,we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risksand rewards． G． New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation． 10． （2016 四川） Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries． 36 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men． 0ne reason for this is biological． 0ne important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women ． 37 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility( 生 育 能 力 ) ． These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow． In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks． 38 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections． This means that women generall y ger sick less often and less seriously than men． The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men． 39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do． Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s． 0th ers think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly． 40 A． However, women, on average, live longer． B ． The biological factor plays an important part． C． Women are also helped by their female genes． D． The female hormones also protect the body in another way． E． Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities． F． Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life． G． Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions． 11． （2015 新课标全国 I） Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stole from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore,37 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.  39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.  You didn’t lose “everything”. 0nce trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 12． （2015 北京） This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 73 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74 Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A． Having interesting things to think about also helps. B． They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C． Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes. D． At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E． It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F ． Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G ． Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. 13． （2015 新课标Ⅱ） Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 ,buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.37 .As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries. During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week,set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 .After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 .Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. A. After six days B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E. If they still feel good,you can begin running in them F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time 14． （2014 北京） Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation ． A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information． Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources． 71 Go to the original source． Media reports often simplify the results of medical research． Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science． Think about the type of study． 72 Watch for misleading language ． Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result． 73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it． Use your common sense． If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is． Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements． 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)． 75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us． Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life． A． Make choice that are right for you． B． The goal of an ad is to sell you something． C． Be sure to work through the critical questions． D． And examine the findings of the original research． E． Distinguish between research reports and public health advice． F． Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view． G ． The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources． 15． （2014 新课标全国 I） The jobs of the future have not yet been invented． 36 By helping them develop classic skills that willserve them well no matter what the future holds． 1． Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious． 37 Ask kids，"What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time? "and thentry them out ． Did those ingredients make the pancakesbetter? What could we try next time? 2． Creativity True creativity is the ability to take somethingexisting and create something new fromit． 38There are a dozen different things you can do with them． Experimenting with materials to create something newcan go a long way in helping them develop theircreativity． 3． Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challengefor kids． We know what's going on inside our own head，but what about others? Being able to read people helpskids from misreading a situation and jumping to falseconclusions． 39 "Why do you think she's crying?""Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at hisface?""If someone were to do that to you，how wouldyou feel?" 4． Self- expression 40 There are many ways to express thoughts andideas — music，acting，drawing， building， photography． You may find that your child is attracted byone more than another． A． Encourage kids to cook with you． B． And we can't forget science education． C． We can give kids chances to think about materialsin new ways． D． So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs thatdon't yet exist? E． Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill． F． We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories． G． Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill． 16． ( 2014 辽宁) Eyesight plays a very important role in our dailylife． Every waking moment，the eyes are working to seethe world around us． 0ver forty percent of Americansworry about losing eyesight， but it's easy to include stepsinto our daily life to ensure healthy eyes． Here are fivesuggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight: ●Schedule yearly exams． 36 Experts adviseparents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check ． The good news is thatmillions of children now can have yearly eye examsand following treatment，including eyeglasses． ●Protect against UV rays (紫外线)． Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes． No matter what theseason is，it's extremely important to wear sunglasses． 37 ●Give your eyes a break． Two-thirds of Americansspend up to seven hours a day using computers orother digital products． 38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20、20 rule: every 20 minutes， take a 20-second break and look atsomething 20 feet away． ●39 As part of a healthy diet，eat more fruits and vegetables each day． Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health． ●Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜)． Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight． While some follow the medicalguidance for wearing contact lenses，many arebreaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk． 40 otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more seriouscondition． A． Eat your greens． B． Eye care should begin early in life． C． They can properly protect your eyes． D． Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins． E． Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight． F． Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear． G． This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness． 17． （2013 新课标全国 I） Business is the organized approach to providingcustomers with the goods and services they want ． Theword business also refers to an organization that providesthese goods and services ． Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润) — that is，they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business ． 71 Commonly called nonprofits ， these organizationsare primarily nongovernmental service providers． 72 Business management is a term used to describe thetechniques of planning，direction，and control of theoperations of a business． 73 0ne is the establishment(制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales，the purchase of equipment，materialsand supplies; and accounting． 74 The third relates tothe establishment of standards of work in all departments． Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority． 75 A． Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work． B． In this connection there is the difference between top management and operativemanagement． C ． Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals． D． However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs． E． The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments． F． In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects． G． Planning in business management has three main aspects． 18． （2013 新课标全国Ⅱ） Public Speaking Training ●Get a coach 51 ， so get help ． Since there are about abillion companies out there all ready to offer you publicspeaking training and courses，here are some things tolook for when deciding the training that's right for you． ●Focus on positives Any training you do to become more effective atpublic speaking should always focus on the positiveaspects of what you already do well． Nothing can hurtconfidence more than being told that you aren't doingwell． 52 ，so good public speaking training shoulddevelop those instead of telling you what you shouldn'tdo． ●53 If you find a public speaking course that looks asthough it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts， walkaway！Your brain is so full of what you're going to betalking about． 54 ． As far as we re concerned， thereare basically no hard and fast rules about publicspeaking． Your audience can be your friends． ●You are a special person not a clone Most importantly ， good public speaking trainingshould treat you as a special one with your ownpersonal habits． 55 ． Your training course shouldhelp you bring out your personality， not try to turn youinto someone you're not． A． You aren't like anybody else B． You already do lots of things well C． Turn your back on too many rules D． Check the rules about dos and don'ts E． Whatever the presentation，public speaking istough F． The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep G． So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse 19． ( 2013 辽宁) Forgiveness To forgive is a virtue，but no one has ever said it iseasy． When someone has deeply hurt you， it can beextremely difficult to let go of your hate ． However ， forgiveness is possible ， and it can be surprisinglybeneficial to your physical and mental health． Peoplewho forgive show less sadness， anger and stress andmore hopefulness，according to a recent research． 71 Try the following steps: Calm yourself． 72 You can take a couple ofbreaths and think of something that gives you pleasure:a beautiful scene in nature，or someone you love． Don't wait for an apology． Many times theperson who hurt you does not intend to apologize． Theymay have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see thingsthe sameway ． 73 Keep in mind that forgivenessdoes not necessarily mean becoming friends again withthe person who upset you． Take the control away from your offender( 冒 犯 者 ) ． Rethinking about your hurt gives power to theperson who caused you pain． Instead of focusing on yourwounded feelings， learn to look for the love， beauty andkindness around you． 74 If you understand your offender，you mayrealize that he or she was acting out of unawareness， fear，and even love． You may want to write a letter toyourself from your offender's point of view． Don't forget to forgive yourself． 75 But itcan rob you of your self-confidence if you don't do it． A． Why should you forgive? B． How should you start to forgive? C． Recognize the benefits of forgiveness． D． Try to see things from your offender's angle． E． For some people，forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge． F． To make your anger die away，try a simple stress-management technique． G． If you wait for people to apologize，you could be waiting an awfully long time． 20． （2012 新课标全国） Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed from time to time． 71Some ways of dealing with stress — like screaming or hitting someone — don't solve(解决) much． But other ways，like talking to someone you trust，can lead you tosolving your problem or at least feeling better． Try taking these four steps the next time you arestressed： (1) Get support ． When you need help ， reach outto the people who care about you ． Talk to a trustedadult，such as a parent or other relatives． 72 Theymight have had similar problems， such as dealing with atest，or the death of a beloved pet． (2) Don't take it out on yourself ． Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out onthemselves． 0h，dear，that's not a good idea． Remember that there are always people to help you． Don't take it out on yourself． 73 (3)Try to solve the problem． After you're calmand you have support from adults and friends， it's timeto get down to business． 74 Even if you can't solveit all，you can solve a piece of it． (4) Be positive． Most stress is temporary(暂时的)． Remember stress does go away，especially when you figureout the problem and start working on solving it． These steps aren't magic，but they do work． And ifyou can stay positive as you make your way through atough time，you'll help yourself feel better even faster． 75 A． Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation． B． Notice your friends9 feelings and find a way to help them． C． Different people feel stress in different ways． D． Ah，it feels so good when the stress is gone． E． You need to figure out what the problem is． F． And don't forget about your friends． G． Then，find a way to calm down． 21． ( 2012 北京) Empathy Last year，researchers from the University ofMichigan reported that empathy，the ability to understand other people ， among college students haddropped sharply over the past 10 years ． 71 Today，people spend more time alone and are less key to join groups and clubs． Jennifer Freed，a co-director of a teen program，has another explanation． Turn on the TV， and you'reshowered with news and reality shows full of peoplefighting，competing，and generally treating one anotherwith no respect． 72 There are good reasons not to follow those badexamples ． Humans are socially related by nature ． 73Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers aremore likely to have high self-respect． Besides，empathycan be a cure for loneliness，sadness，anxiety，and fear． Empathy is also an indication of a good leader． Infact，Freed says，many top companies report that empathyis one of themost important things they look for in newmanagers ． 74 "Academics are important． Butifyou don't have emotional(情感的) intelligence，you won't be as successful in work or in your love life，"she says． What's the best way to up your EQ ( 情 商 )? For starters ， let down your guard and really listen to others． 75 To really develop empathy，you'd better volunteer at anursing home or a hospital，join a club or a team that hasa diverse membership，have a "sharing circle" with yourfamily，or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter． A． Everyone is different，and levels of empathy differ from person to person． B． That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time，the researchers said． C． "0ne doesn't develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking，"Freed says． D． Humans learn by example — and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic． E． Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else — both what they think and how they feel． F ． Good social skills - including empathy — are akind of "emotional intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life． G． Having relationships with other people is，animportant part of being human — and having empathy is decisive to those relationships． 22． (2011 新课标全国) Money Matters Parents should help their children understandmoney ． 71 So you may start talking about moneywhen your child shows an interest in buying things，candy your toys，for example． 1． The basic function of money Begin explaining the basic function of money byshowinghow people trade money for goods or-services． It is important to show your child how money is tradedfor the things he wants to have． If he wants to have a toy ， give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier ( 收 银 员)． 72 When your child grows a bit older and understands thebasic function of money， you can start explaining morecomplex ways of using money． 2． Money lessons Approach money lessons with openness and honesty． 73 If you must say no to a child's request to spendmoney，explain，"You have enough toy trucks for now． "0r，if the request is for many different things，say，"Youhave to make a choice between this toy and that toy． " 3． 74 Begin at the grocery store． Pick out two similarbrands of a product — a name-brand butter and a generic (无商标产品)，for example． You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of aproduct so that you can save money． 75 If hechooses the cheaper brand，allow him to make anotherpurchase with the money saved ． Later ， you may explainhow the more expensive choice leaves less money forother purchases． A． Wise decisions B． The value of money C． Permit the child to choose between them． D． Tell your child why he can — or cannot — have certain things． E． Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you． F． Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store． G． The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest． 23． （2010 新课标全国） Question: I have recently got a senior position withinmy company． 0ne of my new tasks is tomake monthly progress reports on mydepartment in front of other senior officials． During my first meeting，I presented andthen opened the floor to questions ． 71My first reaction was to answer defensively． Later，I realized that I shouldn't have feltthat way． But how can I keep cool andeffectively answer questions in this type of settings? Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers (同事) is a hard task in itself，and it becomes muchmore difficult when a question-and-answerperiod is required． Question-and-answerperiods are a great way to clarify themessage and strengthen key points． 72 ● 73 When a person is asking a question，showinterest and a desire to understand the questionby listening and asking for clarification． ●Buy time． When facing a hard question，most people can't give an answer immediately． Buy time by repeating the question in yourown words ． 74 These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as wellas to make sure you will be correctlyanswering the question． ●Suggest a private meeting． A one-on-one meeting is a calmersetting than speaking in front of your peers． 75 A． Show your true interest． B． Restate the question with respect． C． Some ideas can be quite concrete． D． There were many difficult questions． E． It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas． F． You may also ask for clarification on the question． G． Here are some ideas that can e p you prepare for your next meeting． 第一部分 阅读理解 考点 9 七选五答案 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） 36． D 上文说，作者一开始对野营产生过抵触情绪。但是，从下文可知，作者后来喜欢上了野营活 动。本空表示意义的转折，承上启下，为下文做铺垫。故选 D。 37． C 根据下文可知，这次野营活动从住宿、饮食到洗澡都很艰苦。故选 C，对下文内容进行概括。 38． A 前句说，作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，后句说，这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调。故选 A，起承上启下的作用。 39． F 本段讲述作者一家开始野营，并采购很多野营的装备。由此可知，自上次活动以来作者一家 对野营活动非常感兴趣。故本空选 F。 40． E 上文讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到感兴趣的转变过程，由此可见，作者已经完全喜欢上了 野营活动。故本空选 E。 2． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） 36． B 考查承启句。根据上文的“Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with”以及下文 的“there are several ways to handle things”可知，工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一，有几个 处理事情的办法。空处承上启下，应选 B 项。 37． A 考查主题句。根据下文的“Tell the person you're sorry...ask if the two of you can talk at a different time”可知，本段讲述的是当你忙的时候，要拒绝别人打断你。故 A 项符合文意。 38． E 考查承启句。根据上文的“let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then”及下文的“It can help to...”可知，此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选 E 项。 39． D 考查承启句。根据上文的“don't do it in your own office”以及下文的 “excuse yourself to get back to your work”可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选 D 项。 40． G 考查承启句。根据本段的首句“If you have a door to your office，make good use of it”以及 下文的“when the door is closed”可知，G 项符合文意。 3． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） 36． C 考查前后句的连贯。第一段最后一句说“以下是如何制作一个”，代词 one 指代“计划”一 词，因此本空选 C。 37． B 考查小标题概括。空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白 了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的在说找到正确的动 机，因此本空选 B。 38． G 考查前后句的连贯。本段最后一句谈到如果买咖啡机自己弄咖啡，早上可以多睡一会儿，因 此前一句应该要与咖啡有关，本空选 G。 39． F 考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到周末起床、睡觉的时间应该和平常一致，不然周末多睡反而会 增加接下来工作日的睡意。F 项中的 no matter the day 指的就是周末也应该和工作日的作息一致。因此 本空选 F。 40． E 考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的 If not 说明 前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，因此选 E。 4． （2017 北京） 71． C 考查前后句的连贯。所有的动物都睡觉，但其原因仍然是谜。当实验室的老鼠不被允许睡 觉时，它们一个月内就死了。同样，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病。所以 C 项正确。 72． E 考查前后句的连贯。第二段首句指出一个观点，即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。而 E 项则支 持该观点，其中 That 指代的就是睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆这一观点。所以 E 项正确。 73． F 考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，睡眠会为第二天的新记忆腾出空间，且由第四段第一句中的人 称代词 he 可知，F 项正确。 74． G 考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，有最直接的证据证明 Tononi 的观点是对的，而空后的内容介 绍了实验结果，故可推知空处应是介绍了 Tononi 做的相关实验，故 G 项正确。 75． B 考查前后句的连贯。根据空前的关键词 protected， stayed 以及空后的 keep， matters 可知， B 项正确。 5． （2017 浙江） 31． D 考查承上启下。该段用来引入本文的话题，根据语境尤其是下文中的“But with these tips” 和“can be easy”可知，街头的采访对于新的记者来说似乎是富有挑战性的工作，但有了以下建议，就 能得心应手了，所以选 D。 32． G 考查承接上文。由空前的“Why do you think”可知，提问时不要使用可以让对方给出“Yes” 或“No”简短回答的问题，而应该提问能让被采访者多说一些内容的问题，故选 G。 33． B 考查承上启下。由空前的“confidence”和下文中的“Excuse me”和“I was wondering”可 知，到街头进行采访时要自信，同时也要有礼貌，故选 B。 34． A 考查段落主题。由空后的“shouldn't be longer than ten minutes…move on to the next person”可知，要控制采访的时间，故选 A。 35． F 考查段落总结。根据空前的“A safe number of interviews． to conduct is about six to ten” 可知，采访的次数不要过多，以约 6 至 10 次为宜，同时这些采访应当给出所有你需要的答案，故选 F。 6． （2016 新课标全国 I） 36． D 根据后面一句“Code breaking never lags（落后）far behind code making”可知，此空该选 D （只要有密码的存在，人们就会试图去破解它们）。 37． E 根据后一句的“For example，the first letters of‘My elephant eats too many eels’spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me.’”可知，此空该选 E（你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息）。 38． G 上一段介绍了第一种密码类型，本段介绍的是第二种类型，再根据空后的内容可知，空处选 G（另外一种隐藏信息的方式是用符号来代表字母表中的特定字母）。 39． F 由前一句的“a code book”和空后的“‘bridge’might stand for...‘me． ’”可知，此空 该选 F（有了密码书，你就可以写下代表其他单词的单词）。 40． A 本段介绍的是密码书，根据空后的转折可知，此处该选 A（没有密码书是很难破解密码的）。 7． （2016 新课标全国Ⅱ） 36． F 考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的“But it doesn't happen by accident”可知，这里 是在讲“你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的”。故 F 项“You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too”符合语境。 37． A 考查子标题。根据下文中的“a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden”可知，本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关，故选 A 项。 38． E 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的“Some people may think...”和“0thers are concerned about...”可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而 E 项中的“Still others may simply enjoy...”与 上下文衔接自然，故选 E 项。 39． C 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的“…but that's not what's important”和下文中的“how being in those gardens made us feel”可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故 C 项符合语境。 40． G 考查上下文的衔接。上文的“the gardens of your youth”以及下文的“your childhood memories”与 G 项中的“those gardens”和“the strongest memory you have”相呼应，故选 G 项。 8． （2016 新课标全国Ⅲ） 36． G 考查与首句语意的一致性。由第 16 空后的句意表示转折可知，转折前的句子在语意上应该 保持一致，即说明吃鱼对健康的益处。故选 G。 37． D 考查句子的承上启下作用。空前一句提到对鱼的选购、储存和烹制并不困难，空后一句讲 本文是关于如何以一种简单的方式购买和烹制鱼的，故选 D“这只需要一点点知识就能做好”。 38． F 考查主题句。段落的支撑细节始终围绕主题句展开，本段中第二、三句围绕如何通过嗅觉来 鉴别鱼是否新鲜，因此可以判断 F 项正确。 39． A 考查段落中句子间语意的连贯性和代词的正确使用。第 19 空前提到，浓烈的气味说明鱼已 不新鲜，故不能买这种鱼。据此可知 A 项正确。 40． B 考查段落中句子间语意的连贯性。本段的主题为如何烹制鱼，下文讲到了烹制鱼的步骤：首 先，洗净鱼；其次，添加调料；最后，将装有鱼的盘子放入蒸锅中，蒸 8 至 10 分钟即可食用（以重约 为一磅的鱼为例）。故选 B 项“最简单的方法是蒸”。 9． （2016 北京） 71． F 选项 F 中的“weigh risks and rewards”与上文的“weigh the risk and the reward”相呼应， 故 F 项符合语境。 72． C 选项 C 中的“Being better at those things”与上文的“were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring”相呼应，因此选 C。 73． A 前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故 A 项“这完全是由 你的性格决定的”符合语境。 74． E 根据上文的“your willingness…teenage years”及下文的“hunger for new experiences…”可 知 E 项符合语境。 75． G 根据空后的“For the risk-seekers…becomes active”可知此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们 的大脑会有不同的反应，故 G 项符合语境。 10． （2016 四川） 36． A 根据空格后的“In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men”可知， 空格处讲的是平均来看，女人的寿命更长。同时，空格处所表达的内容与文章第一句构成转折关系。所 以 A 项正确。 37． G 此处为过渡句，解释什么是荷尔蒙并谈及它的作用。所以 G 项正确。 38． D 由空格后的“They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections”可知，该段讲 的是荷尔蒙的其他功能。所以 D 项正确。 39． C 由空格后的“Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging.Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency(倾向)to age more slowly than a man's”可知，本段主要讲了基因与衰 老的关系。所以 C 项正确。 40． E 空处的前两句谈及了两个观点。所以 E 项正确。 11． （2015 新课标全国 I） 36． B 根据上句“信任是我们从过去的经历中获取的一种行为”和下句“信任是一种冒险”可知，此空 填 B，本句是对第一句话的进一步解释：“信任是信赖某人”。 37． E 上句“有时，人们简直无法再信任（别人）了”；下句“这是可以理解的”由此可推测本句应是 解释人们无法信任某人的原因。故填 E。 38． A 由下句“对自己有信心能帮助你做出更好的选择”可知，前一句应是“学会真正信任自己”，故 填 A。 39． C 由本段最后一句“在我们生活中的某些时候，我们的信任会被检验或打破”可知，此处应填 C，意为“不要认为自己是个受害者”。 40． G 副词“Instead”表示转折。可推测这里应是“看到事物积极的一面并不意味着你无视已经发生 的事”。故填 G。 12． （2015 北京） 71． B 空前一句和空后一句都是空想家不好的外在表现，主语都是 They，故本空答案为 B 项。 72． C 选项 C 中的“relativity，Coke or Post-it notes”与空前的“greatest ideas and achievements” 和空后一句中的“such ideas and inventions”相对应，故答案为 C 项。 73． A 选项 A 中的“also helps”与空前一句中的“help”对应，且两句话主语形式统一，都说的 是进入空想的条件，故答案为 A 项。 74． E 本段主要谈如何避免空想。选项 E 中的 It 指代上句中的 Mindfulness，此处是对上句内容的 解释，故答案为 E 项。 75． G 选项 G 中的“to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby”很好地解决了上句话中提出的问 题，同时 Therefore 很好地把两句话进行了连接，故答案为 G 项。 13． （2015 新课标Ⅱ） 36． C 根据上文中的“requires careful preparation”和下文中的“buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes”可知，此处指的应是在开始训练前需要购置合适的跑鞋，故选 C。 37． E 根据上文中的“to double-check the fit”及 E 项中的“still feel good”与上文中的“seem right”相呼应可知答案。 38． A 根据上文中的“During the first week”及下文中的“take a day off to rest”可推知，此处指 六天后休息一天，故选 A。 39． D 根据上文中的“set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run”及下文内容可知，此处指的应 是每天增加半英里，故选 D。 40． G G 项中的“improving distance and time”与上文中提到的延长跑步距离，记录跑步时间的 内容相呼应，故选 G 。 14． （2014 北京） 71． G 从文章篇章结构分析，此处起承上启下的作用。故选 G 项。 72． D 本段的中心句是“Go to the original source”，选项 D 中的关键词语“original research”与本 段主旨相吻合，故选 D 项。 73． F 选项 F 与该段的主旨相吻合，句中的 also 一词也很好地衔接了前一句话，同时从意思上也 为下文做了很好的过渡。 74． B 选项 B 中的关键词语“an ad”与上句中的“advertisements”相呼应。 75． A 根据文章结构分析，此处是本段的主旨句，结合后面的内容可知，本段主要讲的是我们每 一个人要作出适合自己的选择，故选 A 项。 15． （2014 新课标全国 I） 解读：本文针对如何让孩子适应未来的工作提出了四点建议：好奇心、创造性、人际交往技巧 和自我表达。 36． D 根据 36 空后的"By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well"可知，36 空处 应填询问方式的问句，因此选 Do 37． A 本段标题是"Curiosity"。第一句说，孩子需要有好奇心。37 空后主要介绍在教孩子做薄烤 饼的过程中如何激发他们的好奇心。因此本空选 A。 38． C 本段标题是"Creativity"。第一句说，真正的创造性就是用现存的材料创造出新东西的能力。 故选 C。 39． F 本段标题是"Interpersonal skills"。第一句说，理解别人的感受对孩子来说可能是一个挑战。 根据空后的问题可知，本空选 F，家长可以利用故事书中的人物教育孩子，引导孩子学会揣摩别人的心 思。 40． G 本段标题是"self-expression"。根据下句"有很多表达想法的方式"可知，本空选 G，意为"能 够用有意义的方式表达想法是一种珍贵的技巧"。 16． ( 2014 辽宁) 解读：视力在我们的日常生活中具有重要作用。超过 40%的美国人担心失明，因而本文给出了五条 建议，保证一生视力健康。 36． B 根据下句"Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12months of age to the doctor for a careful check"可知，句中的 careful 与 B 项中 care 对应，babies 6 t0 12 months 与 B 项中的 early in life 对应。且 B 项符合语境。故选 B。 37． C 上句意为：不管是什么季节，戴太阳镜都是极其重要的。C 项"它们能适当地保护你的眼睛 "能很好地顺接语意。故选 C。 38． G 本段主题句是"Give your eyes a break"，G 项"这样频繁的眼睛活动会增加眼疲劳的风险"符 合本段主题，也直接引出下句"专家推荐人们采用 20/20/20 规则"。故选 G。 39． A 空格处后文的内容是，作为健康饮食的一部分，每天要吃更多的水果和蔬菜。维生素 C 和 E 帮助保护视力，促进眼睛健康。所以 A 项"吃点绿色蔬菜"能够概括本段大意。故选 A。 40． F F 项"Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear"和空格处上句中的"follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses"对应。故选 F。 17． （2013 新课标全国 I） 解读：本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了商业和商业管理的相关内容。 71． D 前文介绍了什么是营利性商业机构。空后的句子有"Commonly called nonprofits"，由此可知 空处应选 D，表示语意的转折，介绍非营利性商业机构。 72． C 上句提到了非营利性商业机构，则空处应是提供更多的信息，对上句进行进一步的阐释和 扩展。故选 C。 73． G 前句解释了商业管理的概念，下文为商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面，因此此处选 G， 商业管理中的规划包括三个方面的内容。 74． E 前一句为第一个方面，后一句为第三个方面，显然本句应介绍第二个方面，故选 E。 75． A 第二段的第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧，分别是 planning，direction 和 control。接 下来已经介绍了前两者，最后一点"control"还未提及，所以本空应涉及 control 的内容。故选 A。 18． （2013 新课标全国Ⅱ） 解读：本文对如何进行公共演讲培训给出了几点建议。 51． E 从空格后的结果"so get help(所以寻求帮助)"来看，前面所指的事情难度较大。E 项符合语 境。 52． B 由空后的结果"因此好的公共演讲培训应开发你擅长做的事情而不是告诉你你不该怎么做" 可知本题选 B。 53． C 下文说读者要远离那些注意事项，本段标题应为 C 项，意思是"不去理睬太多规则"。 54． G 上一句指出"你的大脑装满了即将要谈论的内容"，所以试图强行塞入一整套规则只会使情 况更糟。 55． A 此处是对小标题的解释说明，根据上一句中的"a special one"可得知 A 项最合适。 19． ( 2013 辽宁) 解读：宽恕有益于身心健康，本文对如何学会宽恕给出了几点建议。 71． B 空格后"Try the following steps"与 B 项"你要如何开始宽恕呢？"衔接，符合文意。 72． F 根据空格后的内容"你可以歇几口气，想些能带给你快乐的事情"及本段主题句"Calm yourself" 可知，F 项中的"try a simple stress-management technique"与其呼应。故选 F。 73． G 本段前两句说"不要等待道歉。很多时候伤害你的人并没有打算要道歉"，由此可知，G 项 符合文意。此外，G 项中的"wait for people to apologize"也是关键信息。 74． D 结合本段后面的叙述可知，D 项"尽力从冒犯者的角度看事情"符合文意。D 项中的"from your offender's angle"与后文的"your offender"相呼应。 75． E 空处前文说"别忘了要原谅自己"，后文说"但是如果你不这样做，它会夺走你的自信"，由 此可知，E 项"对有些人来说，原谅自己是最大的挑战"衔接上下文，符合文意。 20． （2012 新课标全国） 解读：本文介绍了应对紧张的四个步骤，即获得支持，不独自面对，试着解决问题及积极点儿。 71． C 根据下文"Some ways of dealing with stress． But other ways…"可知，面对压力，人们会有 不同的应对方式。C 项不同的人对压力的感受方式不同，照应下文，故选 C。 72． F 根据下文他们"可能遇到和你相似的问题"及文章第五段中的"…you have support from adults and friends． "可推知，除了向可信赖的成年人寻求帮助外，还可以向朋友寻求支持，故选 F。 73． A 根据上文独自面对压力不是个好主意可知，此处 A 项"向他人求助使自己摆脱困境"承接上 文，符合文意。 74． E 根据下文可知解决问题前首先应清楚问题是什么，故选 E。 75． D 根据上文"…you'll help yourself feel better even faster"可知，D 项符合文意。 21． ( 2012 北京) 解读：去年，密歇根大学的研究人员公布了-在过去的十年里，共鸣，即理解他人的能力在大学 生中急剧下降。文章对这种现象的原因给出了不同的解释并说明了共鸣的作用和怎样提高情商。 71． B 文章开头提到"…researchers from the University of Michigan reported that…"，由关键词 "researchers"及上下文语境可知应选 B。 72． D 空处是对该段的总结，且应与下文呼应，第三段第一句中的 examples 是线索词，故选 D。 73． G 前一句说"Humans are socially related by nature"，"Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human"承接上文，故选 G 。 74． F 本段首句提出主题"共鸣暗示了有领导才能"。空前的句子以公司寻找新经理的例子展开， 空后明显转折，说明不具备情商的后果，可推知应选 F 项，好的社交技能，包括共鸣，是一种可以帮助 你在生活中的许多领域获得成功的"情商"。 75． C C 项与空前一句中的"…let down your guard and really listen to others"对应，故选 C。 22． (2011 新课标全国) 解读：父母如何帮助孩子理解金钱呢？告诉他们金钱的基本功能；要抱着坦诚的态度；教育孩子学 着做出明智的选择。 71． G 根据文章开头． "Parents should help their children understand money"可知父母应该帮助孩 子理解金钱。G 项承接上文，进一步说明帮助孩子理解金钱的最佳时机是当孩子有兴趣时。 72． F 根据上文"If he wants to have a toy，give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier（收银员）"可知，在玩具店里父母应该如何做。F 项承接上文，说明离开玩具店后父母应该做什 么，toy store 是关键词。 73． D 根据上下文可知父母在教育孩子时要坦诚，把道理讲清楚。D 项符合文意，在文章中起承 上启下的作用。 74． A 根据下文中的 how to make choices 可知父母在教孩子如何做出明智的选择，故 A 项"明智 的选择"切题，且总领下文。 75． C 根据上下文可知 C 项符合文意，说明父母要允许孩子自己做出选择。 23． （2010 新课标全国） 解读：在同事面前作，报告本身就不是简卑的任务，有问答要求的就更难。作者给出了几个应对 问答的建议。 71． D 根据语境可知，D 项衔接上下文，起过渡作用。 72． C 根据上文 a great way to clarify the message and，strengthen key points 可知，问答环节可澄 清信息、强调重点，有些观点要很具体，故 C 项符合文意。 73． A 根据下文 show interest and a desire 可知，作者建议要对问题感兴趣。A 项总领下文，是主 题句。 74． F 根据上文"Buy time by repeating the question in your own words"可知，作者在介绍争取时间 的方法和技巧。F 项符合文意。 75． E 根据上文可知作者建议私下交流。E 项承接上文，说明私下交流的好处。 考点 10 记叙类 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life¸college sets the stage for that exploration． I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better：I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语)． I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before． My entire family is hearing¸and so are all my friends． The 44 languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)． Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL． The 46 began during my first week at college． I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song． Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me． What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 ． This newness just left me 51 more． After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`s meetings． I onlylearned how to 53 the alphabet that day ． Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress¸I was excited． I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could． The following term, I 56 an ASL class． The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 ． I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant． 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less． Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens． 41． A． searching B． planning C． natural D． formal 42． A． progress B． experience C． major D． opinion 43． A． choose B． read C． learn D． create 44． A． official B． foreign C． body D． spoken 45． A． love B． concern C． goal D． request 46． A． meeting B． trip C． story D． task 47． A． recorded B． performed C． recited D． discussed 48． A． idea B． amount C． dream D． reason 49． A． disturbed B． supported C． embarrassed D． attracted 50． A． end B． past C． course D． distance 51． A． showing B． acting C． saying D． wanting 52． A． exercise B． explore C． express D． explain 53． A． print B． write C． sign D． count 54． A． slow B． steady C． normal D． obvious 55． A． chair B． sponsor C． attend D． organize 56． A． missed B． passed C． gave up D． registered for 57． A． prohibited B． welcomed C． ignored D． repeated 58． A． Lastly B． Thus C． Instead D． However 59． A． required B． caused C． allowed D． expected 60． A． easy B． popular C． quick D． new 2． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air to the right woman． But 41 apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallahgher and have a Canadian 42． Jordan Axani ¸ 28 ¸ said he and his then girlfriend ¸ Elizabeth Gallagher ¸ booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May ¸ but their 43 ended and he did not want her ticket to 44 ． The ticket had a strict no-transfer（不可转让） 45 , but since passport information was not required when 46 , any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 it． “I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to 48 a lot of joy,” said Axani． He posted his 49 on a social networking website, and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the 50 passports, “More 51 , there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in 52 their name to Elizabeth Gallagher,” Axani said． “It was absolutely out of 53 , thousands of e-mails, people around the world 54 their stories of travel． ” Axani wrote in his post that he is not 55 anything in return and that the woman who uses the 56 ticket can choose to either travel with him or 57 the ticket and travel on her own． The 58 is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before 59 in Toronto on January 8． He said the 60 woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online． 41． A． benefits B． deposits C． restrictions D． examinations 42． A． origin B． passport C． accent D． friend 43． A． holiday B． marriage C． dream D． relationship 44． A． go to waste B． come to mind C． go no sale D． come into effect 45． A． policy B． order C． payment D． schedule 46． A． applying B． booking C． checking D． bargaining 47． A． use B． borrow C． choose D． buy 48． A． sacrifice B． express C． experience D． provide 49． A． answer B． advice C． offer D． comment 50． A． same B． right C． now D． real 51． A． interesting B． annoying C． satisfying D． convincing 52． A． writing B． giving C． lending D． changing 53． A． touch B． question C． date D． control 54． A． admiring B． advertising C． sharing D． doubting 55． A． leaving B． looking for C． losing D． dealing with 56． A． leaving B． looking for C． losing D． dealing with 57． A． return B． take C． reserve D． hide 58． A． interview B． program C． trip D． meeting 59． A． ending B． calling C． repeating D． staying 60． A． honored B． lovely C． intelligent D． lucky 3． （2017 北京） Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba¸ Canada． 0ne day¸ when she was five years old¸ she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg ． They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can ． She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry． Hannah was very 37 ． She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food． Hannah started to think about how she could 38 ¸but¸of course¸ there is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve(解决)the problem of homelessness． Later ¸when Hannah attended school¸ she saw another homeless person． It was a woman¸ 39 an old shopping trolley（购物车）which was piled with 40 ． It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them． This made Hannah very sad¸ and even more 41 to do something． She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man． Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad¸she wouldn’t 43 as bad． Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces． She hoped to 44 her message of hope and awareness． She started the Ladybug Foundation¸an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness． She began to 45 “Big Bosses” lunches¸ where she would try to persuade local business leaders to 46 to the cause． She also organized a fundraising(募捐)drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyone`s spare change during “Make Change” month． More recently¸ the foundation began another 47 called National Red Scarf Day—a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada`s 48 and homeless． There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah`s Place”¸ something that Hannah is very 49 of． Hannah`s Place is divided into several areas¸ providing shelter for people when it is so cold that 50 outdoors can mean death． In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities¸she has received a lot of 51 ． For example¸she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world． But 53 all this¸Hannah still has the 54 life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl¸ except that she pays regular visits to homeless people． Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a 55 in the world． You can¸ too! 36． A． jumping B． eating C． crying D． waving 37． A． annoyed B． nervous C． ashamed D． upset 38． A． behave B． manage C． help D． work 39． A． pushing B． carrying C． buying D． holding 40． A． goods B． bottles C． foods D． bags 41． A． excited B． determined C． energetic D． grateful 42． A． since B． unless C． although D． as 43． A． sound B． get C． feel D． look 44． A． exchange B． leave C． keep D． spread 45． A． sell B． deliver C． host D． pack 46． A． contribute B． lead C． apply D． agree 47． A． campaign B． trip C． procedure D． trial 48． A． elderly B． hungry C． lonely D． sick 49． A． aware B． afraid C． proud D． sure 50． A． going B． sleeping C． traveling D． playing 51． A． praises B． invitations C． replies D． appointments 52． A． needs B． interests C． dreams D． efforts 53． A． for B． through C． besides D． along 54． A． healthy B． public C． normal D． tough 55． A． choice B． profit C． judgement D． difference 4． （2017 江苏） For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all． In his first years of high school¸ Gabriel would look pityingly at music students ¸ 36 across the campus with their heavy instrument cases． 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else had to be there． He swore to himself to 39 music¸as he hated getting to school extra early． __40___¸one day¸in the music class that was 41of his school’s standard curriculum¸he was playing idly （随意地）on the piano and found it 42to pick out tunes． With a sinking feeling¸he realized that he actually 43doing it． He tried to hide his 44pleasure from the music teacher¸who had 45over to listen． He might not have done this particularly well¸46the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good47and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there48him． There he decided to give the cello （大提琴）a 49． When he began practicing¸he took it very 50． But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument ¸ and was 51to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well． This 52¸of course¸that he arrived at school early in the morning¸53his heavy instrument case across the campus to the 54looks of the non-musicians he had left55． 36． A． travelling B． marching C． pacing D． struggling 37． A． rising up B． coming up C． driving up D． turning up 38． A． before B． after C． until D． since 39． A． betray B． accept C． avoid D． appreciate 40． A． Therefore B． However C． Thus D． Moreover 41． A． part B． nature C． basis D． spirit 42． A． complicated B． safe C． confusing D． easy 43． A． missed B． disliked C． enjoyed D． denied 44． A． transparent B． obvious C． false D． similar 45． A． run B． jogged C． jumped D． wandered 46． A． because B． but C． though D． so 47． A． ear B． taste C． heart D． voice 48． A． occurred to B． took to C． appealed to D． held to 49． A． change B． chance C． mission D． function 50． A． seriously B． proudly C． casually D． naturally 51． A． committed B． used C． limited D． admitted 52． A． proved B． showed C． stressed D． meant 53． A． pushing B． dragging C． lifting D． rushing 54． A． admiring B． pitying C． annoying D． teasing 55． A． over B． aside C． behind D． out 5． （2017 天津） At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds． I had a very poor relationship with food： I used it to 16 bad feelings¸to make myself feel better¸and to celebrate． Worried about my health¸I tried many different kinds of 17 but nothing worked． I came to believe that I could do nothing about my 18 ． When I was 50¸my weight problem began to affect me 19 ． I didn’t want to live the rest of my life with this 20 weight any more． That year¸I 21 a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world． A seminar leader shared her 22 story —she had not only 125 pounds ¸ but also raised $25 ¸ 000 for homeless children． 23 by her story¸I created the As We Heal(痊愈)¸ the World Heals 24 ． My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50¸000 25 a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger． This combination of healing myself and healing the world 26 me as the perfect solution． 27 I began my own personal weight program¸I was filled with the fear that I would 28 the same difficulties that beat me before． While the 29 hung over my head¸there were also signs that I was headed down the right 30 ． I sent letters to everyone I knew¸ telling them about my project． It worked perfectly． Donations began 31 in from hundreds of people． 0f course¸I also took some practical steps to lose weight． I consulted with a physician（内科医生）¸I hired a fitness coach¸ and I began to eat small and 32 meals． My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise 33 ． A year later¸I 34 my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50¸000! I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is 35 and enormous． 16． A． add B． mix C． kill D． share 17． A． diets B． drinks C． fruits D． dishes 18． A． height B． ability C． wisdom D． weight 19． A． temporarily B． recently C． seriously D． secretly 20． A． ideal B． extra C． normal D． low 21． A． attended B． organized C． recommendedD． mentioned 22． A． folk B． success C． adventure D． science 23． A． Surprised B． Amused C． Influenced D． Disturbed 24． A． project B． business C． system D． custom 25． A． in search of B． in need of C． in place of D． in support of 26． A． scared B． considered C． confused D． struck 27． A． As B． Until C． If D． Unless 28． A． get over B． run into C． look for D． put aside 29． A． excitementB． joy C． anger D． fear 30． A． row B． hall C． path D． street 31． A． breaking B． flooding C． jumping D． stepping 32． A． heavy B． full C． expense D． healthy 33． A． regularly B． limitlessly C． suddenly D． randomly 34． A． set B． reached C． missed D． dropped 35． A． stressful B． painful C． meaningful D． peaceful 6． (2016 新课标全国卷Ⅰ) A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers． Inc． 0ne morning in 2009． Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 ． suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on． 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road． 0ne more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle． Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火 器)． Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out． The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call． They 50 heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle． 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window． They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54 ． Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck． 0nce fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work． Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go． They let him and the other man go． 0ne thing is 59 -Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60 most likely saved the woman’s life． 41． A． walking B． touring C． traveling D． rushing 42． A． passengers B． colleagues C． employers D． customers 43． A． Since B． Although C． As D． If 44． A． each B． another C． that D． his 45． A． flames B． smoke C． water D． steam 46． A． used B． disabled C． removed D． abandoned 47． A． got hold of B． prepared C． took charge of D． controlled 48． A． came down B． came through C． came in D． came over 49． A． returned B． received C． made D． confirmed 50． A． then B． again C． finally D． even 51． A． Starting B． Parking C． Passing D． Approaching 52． A． quiet B． still C． away D． calm 53． A． for B． so C． and D． but 54． A． explode B． slip away C． fall apart D． crash 55． A． as if B． unless C． in case D． after 56． A． stepped forward B． backed off C． moved on D． set out 57． A． woman B． police C． man D． driver 58． A． forbidden B． ready C． asked D． free 59． A． for certain B． for consideration C． reported D． checked 60． A． patience B． skills C． efforts D． promise 7． (2016 新课标全国卷Ⅲ) When I was13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team ． Thatmeant41Miller King,who was the best 42 at our school． Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out ． I carried my football everywhere for 43 ． Just before September,Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm． I went to see him after he came back from 44 ． He looked very45 ,but he didn’t cry． That season,I46 all of Miller’srecords while he 47 the home games from the bench． We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player,48 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 49 ． 0ne afternoon,I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 50 going over a fence—which wasn’t 51 to climb if you had both arms． I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 52from． Buteven that challenge he accepted． I53 him move slowly over the fence． When we were finally 54 on the other side,he said to me,“Youknow,I didn’t tell you this during the season,but you did 55 ． Thank you for filling in for56． ” His words freed me from my bad 57 ． I thought to myself,how even without an arm he was more of a leader． Damaged but not defeated,he was58 ahead of me． I was right to have 59 him． From that day on¸I grew 60 and a little more real． 41． A． cheering for B． beating out C． relying on D． staying with 42． A． coach B． student C． teacher D． player 43． A． practice B． show C． comfort D． pleasure 44． A． school B． vacation C． hospital D． training 45． A． pale B． calm C． relaxed D． ashamed 46． A． held B． broke C． set D． tried 47． A． reported B． judged C． organized D． watched 48． A． and B． then C． but D． thus 49． A． decision B． mistake C． accident D． sacrifice 50． A． stuck B． hurt C． tired D． lost 51． A． steady B． hard C． fun D． fit 52． A． praise B． advice C． assistance D． apology 53． A． let B． helped C． had D． noticed 54． A． dropped B． ready C． trapped D． safe 55． A． fine B． wrong C． quickly D． normally 56． A． us B． yourself C． me D． them 57． A． memories B． ideas C． attitudes D． dreams 58． A． still B． also C． yet D． just 59． A． challenged B． cured C． invited D． admired 60． A． healthier B． bigger C． cleverer D． cooler 8． (2016 北京) A Race Against Death It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska． The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow． 0n the 20th of that month¸Dr． Welch 36 a sick boy¸Billy¸and knew he had diphtheria¸a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children． The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town． Dr． Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick． 38 ¸the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away¸in Anchorage． How could the medicine get to Nome? The town`s 39 was already full of ice¸so it couldn`t come by ship． Cars and horses couldn`t travel on the 40 roads． Jet airplanes and big trucks didn`t exist yet． 41 January 26¸Billy and three other children had died． Twenty more were 42 ． Nome`s town officials came up with a(n) 43 ． They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana． From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力)． The race began on January 27． The first musher, Shannon¸picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night． 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher¸Shannon`s face was black from the extreme cold． 0n January 31 ¸ a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound． It was the most 48 part of the journey． Norton Sound was covered with ice¸which could sometimes break up without warning． If that happened¸Seppala might fall into the icy water below． He would 49 ¸and so would the sick children of Nome． But Seppala made it across． A huge snowstorm hit on February 1． A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm． At one point ¸ huge piles of snow blocked his 50 ． He had to leave the trail ( 雪 橇 痕 迹 )to get around them． Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again． The only hope was Balto¸Kaasen’s lead dog¸Balto put his nose to the ground¸ 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail． If Balto failed¸it would mean disaster for Nome． The minutes passed by． Suddenly ¸Balto began to 53 ． He had foung the trail At 5:30 am on February 2¸Kaasen and his dog 54 in Nome． Within minutes¸Dr． Welch had the medicine． He quickly gave it to the sick children． All of them recovered． Nome had been 55 ． 36． A． examined B． warned C． interviewed D． cured 37． A． harmless B． helpless C． fearless D． careless 38． A． Moreover B． Therefore C． 0therwise D． However 39． A． airport B． station C． harbor D． border 40． A． narrow B． snowy C． busy D． dirty 41． A． From B． 0n C． By D． After 42． A． tired B． upset C． pale D． sick 43． A． plan B． excuse C． message D． topic 44． A． air B． rail C． sea D． road 45． A． carry B． return C． mail D． give 46． A． Though B． Since C． When D． If 47． A． enter B． move C． visit D． cross 48． A． shameful B． boring C． dangerous D． foolish 49． A． escape B． bleed C． swim D． die 50． A． memory B． exit C． way D． destination 51． A． find B． fix C． pass D． change 52． A． pretending B． trying C． asking D． learning 53． A． run B． leave C． bite D． play 54． A． gathered B． stayed C． camped D． arrived 55． A． controlled B． saved C． founded D． developed 9． (2016 四川) Lainey finished third grade． She had good grades and could read 41 grade level, but she did not like to read． 0n a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her 42 ． But Lainey took one look at it, 43 her eyes, and said, “Borring!” Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it． 44 the youngest children in the class were 45 by the story． They 46 with great interest and then 47 joined in grand conversations about Harry`s adventures． “How can you say it`s 48 ? Have you read it? ” asked Aunt Dede． “No, it`s too long and it doesn`t have any 49 ． ” complained Lainey． “0h, that`s where you are 50 ;there are lots of pictures． Every page is full of pictures; you just have to read the words to 51 them． It`s like magic． ” “Nice try , Aunt Dede,”Lainey replied 52 from the back seat． Another 53 was in order． “Well, if you don’t want to read it, give it54． Maybe your mom would 56 hearing the story． ” The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud． By the end of the first chapter,56 were coming from the back seat:“Please read a little57． ” Lainey is an example of an 58reader． As shown here, Lainey can become 59 about reading when 60 with literature on topics that interest her, and when the people around her model involvement in the reading process． 41． A． withinB． onC． to D． above 42． A． daughterB． nieceC． studentD． friend 43． A． openedB． driedC． rolledD． shaded 44． A． Even B． StillC． Just D． Yet 45． A． surprisedB． annoyed C． puzzled D． attracted． 46． A． readB． toldC． listenedD． wrote 47． A． suspectedlyB． anxiouslyC． calmlyD． enthusiastically 48． A． amazingB． boringC． ridiculousD． humorous 49． A． picturesB． storiesC． adventuresD． conversations 50． A． crazyB． foolishC． wrong D． different 51． A． seeB． matchC． showD． recognize 52． A． sourlyB． patientlyC． eagerly D． shyly 53． A． ideaB． tryC． beliefD． behavior 54． A． awayB． outC． in D． back 55． A． enjoyB． admitC． mindD． finish 56． A． decisionsB． requests C． commentsD． promises 57． A． more clearly B． longer C． louder D． more carefully 58． A． Unpleasant B． Innocent C． unwilling D． independent 59． A． astonished B． worried C． confused D． excited 60． A． presented B． concerned C． disturbed D． replaced 10． (2016 天津) The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful. Cathy suffered some terrible 16 in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she 17 became healthy. Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the 0lympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to 18 out local swim team. She practiced hard and finally 19 it. The team practice, 20 was a rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly 21 her first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to 22 her from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit 23 to go! I told her she shouldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing, but she refused to 24 and insisted she go . From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn’t 25 a single practice. She had a 26 intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten—year—old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this 27 human being with a passion and a mission. There were moments of 28 of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It was difficult for Cathy to accept that she wasn’t a 29 ---ever. But that didn’t stop her from trying. Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to 30 her friends and praise their accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach 31 , “The highest honor goes to Cathy!” Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her 32 and enthusiasm. 33 skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.” It was the greatest 34 of my daughter’s life. With all she hade been 35 in her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph(成功). 16． A. failure B. pressure C. loss D. illness 17． A. usually B. finally C. firstly D. frequently 18． A. improve B. train C. join D. contact 19． A. increased B. found C. created D. made 20． A. however B. therefore C. otherwise D. instead 21． A. use B. survive C. save D. waste 22． A. pull B. tell C. hide D. fire 23． A. afraid B. nervous C. ready D. free 24． A. take off B. set off C. give up D. show up 25． A. attend B. miss C. ban D. Start 26． A. rich B. weak C. firm D. kind 27． A. trusted B． determined C． experienced D． embarrassed 28． A. frustration B. delight C. excitement D. surprise 29． A. beginner B.learner C. partner D. winner 30． A. cheer on B. compete with C. respond to D. run after 31． A. admitting B.explaining C.announcing D. whispering 32． A. humor B. will C. honesty D. wisdom 33． A. Although B. Since C. 0nce D. Because 34． A. discovery B. choice C. influence D. moment 35． A. through B. under C. across D. around 11． (2015 新课标全国卷Ⅰ) My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. 0n the way ,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 41 my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a 42 like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind. In the store, I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our “friend” there would 46 . They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47 . I thought about it. We were 48 on cash ourselves, but… well, sometimes 49 from our need instead of our abundance is 50 what we need to do! All the kids 51 something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of 52 , he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for 54 his family might need, he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful 55 for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can 56 ! Things would have played out so 57 if I had simply said, “No, we really don’t have 58 to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in 59 , it also gave my kids the 60 taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them. 41. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished 42. A. condition B. place C. sightD. show 43. A. suggestion B. comment C. decisionD. call 44. A. outside B. proudlyC. by D. angrily 45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick 46. A. orderB. supply C. appreciate D. discover 47. A. dollarB. job C. hot meal D. gift card 48. A. easy B. lowC. soft D. loose 49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging 50. A. yet B. even C. still D. just 51. A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected 52. A. toys B. medicineC. foodD. clothes 53. A. sleepyB. wateryC. curious D. sharp 54. A. whoeverB. whatever C. whicheverD. whenever 55. A. experienceB. exampleC. message D. adventure 56. A. rely onB. respectC. learn fromD. help 57. A. suddenlyB. vividlyC. differently D. perfectly 58. A. timeB. powerC. patience D. money 59. A. fearB. loveC. need D. memory 60. A. strong B. sweetC. strangeD. simple 12． (2015 北京) A Welcome Gift Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 36 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 37 filled the room and made them feel very happy. The next morning, 38 , their happiness disappeared． Someone had left a 39 under their door during the night. 0ne of their neighbor had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all 40 people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 41 and apologize for their playing. “Maybe we could go and 42 everyone in person.” his mother said． “What if we invited them to come here for a 43 instead? Dario asked. They both loved the 44 . 0ver the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts 45 their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带) and party lights. Finally, the day of the party 46 . Some guests brought presents. 0thers brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to 47 . 0ne woman, Mrs. Gilbert, 48 Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin. “I heard you playing the other night,” she said． “The sounds woke me out of bed． I 49 that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing.” Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we 50 you an apology.” she said. “I didn’t 51 how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night. “You play, you play!” Mrs. Gilbert said． “I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such 52 music.” “These songs are beautiful music ． ” Dario’s mother said. “We will be 53 to play them in the evening.” “And we won’t play so loud or late!” Dario said． He was already looking forward to 54 the new music． More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother’s face. It gave him a feeling of 55 and made him feel that they were home at last. 36． A． sat B． stood C． lay D． walked 37． A． voice B． ring C． music D． cry 38． A． therefore B． however C． otherwise D． instead 39． A． note B． poster C． bill D． report 40． A． proud B． rich C． lucky D． nice 41． A． neighbors B． friends C． relatives D． audience 42． A． blame B． instruct C． question D． visit 43． A． party B． concert C． show D． play 44． A． experience B． idea C． performance D． action 45． A． to B． with C． for D． from 46． A． continued B． arrived C． passed D． finished 47． A． order B． sell C． share D． advertise 48． A． treated B． presented C． helped D． served 49． A． promised B． admitted C． agreed D． worried 50． A． give B． send C． offer D． owe 51． A． realize B． remember C． understand D． accept 52． A． sweet B． strange C． funny D． loud 53． A． brave B． sorry C． happy D． afraid 54． A． changing B． practicing C． recording D． writing 55． A． equality B． freedom C． warmth D． sympathy 13． (2015 湖北) “Daily Star, sir” called Jason, carrying some newspapers under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty 31 left. His voice was almost gone and his heart was 32 . The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. He would have to go home too, carrying the papers 33 money. He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a 34 for his mother and some seeds for his bird. That was why he had bought the papers with all his money. He 35 as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers. “You don’t know the 36 of selling papers. You must shout, “Hot news! Bomb bursting!” another newsboy Chad told Jason. “ 37 it’s not in the paper at all,” replied Jason. “Just run away quickly 38 they have time to see, and you’ll 39 out and get your money,” Chad said. It was a new 40 to Jason. He thought of his bird with no 41 and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was 42 hat he would not tell a lie. Though he was 43 a poor newsboy, he had been 44 some good things. The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers 45 Several boys were crowding around Chad, who declared with a 46 smile that he sold six dozen the day before. He added that Jason 47 money because he would not tell a lie. The boy 48 at Jason. “You wouldn’t tell a lie yesterday, my boy?” A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder 49 .”You’re just the boy I am looking for.” A week later Jason started his new 50 . He lost sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie, but got a well-paid job because he told the truth. 31． A． shops B． coins C． people D． papers 32． A． open B． heavy C． pure D． weak 33． A． instead of B． in return for C． regardless of D． in exchange for 34． A． cup B． card C． comb D． cake 35． A． gave in B． broke down C． got away D． showed up 36． A． difficulty B． process C． goal D． secret 37． A． And B． But C． For D． So 38． A． before B． since C． though D． unless 39． A． call B． drop C． sell D． reach 40． A． edition B． idea C． policy D． task 41． A． bread B． insects C． seeds D． water 42． A． concerned B． amazed C． excited D． determined 43． A． still B． already C． just D． also 44． A． taught B． handed C． awarded D． allowed 45． A． at once B． by chance C． as usual D． on purpose 46． A． proud B． gentle C． warm D． polite 47． A． borrowed B． lost C． made D． saved 48． A． laughed B． shouted C． nodded D． started 49． A． bravely B． grateful C． fondly D． modestly 50． A． duty B． business C． job D． method 14． (2015 陕西) Dad had a green comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would hand me his 26 and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it, 0K ? ” I was 27 to do it. At age five, this dull task brought me such 28 . I would excitedly turn the tap 29 and brush the comb carefully. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would happily return the comb to Dad. He would 30 affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet. Two years latter, Dad started his own 31 , which wasn’t doing so well. That was when things started to 32 . Dad didn’t come home as early and as much as he used to. Mum and I became 33 with him for placing our family in trouble. With 34 , an uncomfortable silence grew between us. After my graduation, Dad’s business was getting back on track. 0n my 28th birthday, Dad came home 35 . As usually I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said , “Hey, would you help me 36 my comb? ” I looked at him a while, then 37 the comb and headed to the sink. It hit me then: why, as a child, 38 Dad clean his comb was such a pleasure. That routine(习惯) meant Dad was home early to 39 the evening with Mum and me. It 40 a happy and loving family. I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and 41 placed his comb on his wallet. But this time, I noticed something 42 . Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, 43 his smile was still as 44 as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good 45 for his family. 26. A. bag B. wallet C. comb D. brush 27. A. annoyed B. relieved C. ashamed D. pleased 28. A. joy B. sadness C. courage D. pain 29. A. out B. over C. in D. on 30. A. stare B. smile C. shout D. laugh 31. A. family B. business C. task D. journey 32. A. progress B. change C. improve D. form 33. A. satisfied B. delighted C. mad D. strict 34. A. time B. patience C. speed D. ease 35. A. occasionally B.early C.frequently D.rarely 36. A. sharply B. repair C. clean D. keep 37. A. dropped B. took C. handed D. threw 38. A. watching B. letting C. helping D. hearing 39. A. find B. lose C. waste D. spend 40. A. affected B. broke C. meant D. supported 41. A. firmly B. hurriedly C. casually D. carefully 42. A. different B. exciting C. interesting D. urgent 43. A. for B. or C. so D. yet 44. A. convincing B. heartwarming C. cautious D. innocent 45. A. origin B. life C. reputation D. education 15． (2015 四川) My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard． That first year, I 11 feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no 12 coming up right to me for them. As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no 13 and didn’t escape. When I threw carrot slices(薄片)¸they even came for a nibble(啃).Slowly they came to 14 me, and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand． That second year, the rabbits 15 me, and one would even sit up for slices! While I was feeding them, I 16 that a groundhog who used to run away was now taking an 17 interest in this food situation. I carefully extended a long 18 ,with a keen eye on those teeth, and 19 , there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit, both munching(津津有味地咀嚼) on carrots. A few months later, while 20 , she would even turn her back to me. 21 when she was facing away, I reached out and 22 scratched（搔）her back with my finger, She didn’t move. By year three, the rabbits and the groundhog were back. The groundhog 23 didn’t have a problem with me scratching her back, and I got an idea, I’d always 24 , while slicing up carrots, that the end looked like a cap. 25 one day, just to see what she would do ,I gently 26 one on top of the groundhog’s head． Again, not a 27 . The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures, 28 she had a slice to eat, she never 29 the one on her head． It was a fair 30 —I got a pleasure, and she had yet another tasty treat. 11． A． avoided B． started C． canceled D． suggested 12． A． business B． fun C． problem D． privilege 13． A． help B． cheat C． threat D． exception 14． A． trust B． miss C． admire D． appreciate 15． A． feared B． ignored C． discovered D． remembered 16． A． proved B． decided C． noticed D． understood 17． A． extreme B． increasing C． additional D． inspiring 18． A． squirrel B． rabbit C． peanut D． carrot 19． A． before long B． long ago C． over and over D． all over again 20． A． eating B． playing C． sitting D． sleeping 21． A． Next B． 0nce C． Soon D． Lately 22． A． carefully B． suddenly C． violently D． patiently 23． A． also B． thus C． just D． still 24． A． thought B． doubted C． admitted D． recognised 25． A． While B． 0r C． So D． For 26． A． fixed B． placed C． hung D． kept 27． A． tremble B． move C． delay D． hesitation 28． A． Even if B． Ever since C． As far as D． So long as 29． A． welcomed B． required C． bothered D． expected 30． A． trade B． competition 　C． task D． affair 16． (2015 天津) My fiance (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were 16 , and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory. 0ne agent 17 a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was 18 our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look 19 . We finally did and it was 20 at first sight. It was 0ur Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and 21 of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of 22 it would be like to live there. Days later, we made a(n) 23 —far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn’t 24 us. They renewed their offer 25 . It was also much more than we could afford, but far 26 than the original asking price. The next day, we got a 27 message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the 28 directly. We made our final offer, which 29 was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid. We knew it, 30 we had to try. “Sold!” said the owner. Then he 31 : He’d seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we’d 32 the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a 33 by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the 34 in the price “an early wedding present.” That’s how we found our home and how I learned that when people are 35 , they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet met. 16． A． needed B． limited C． enough D． large 17． A． recommended B． decorated C． sold D． rented 18． A． below B． within C． beyond D． between 19． A． at least B． at most C． at times D． at hand 20． A． relief B． concern C． love D． curiosity 21． A． pride B． happiness C． challenge D． desire 22． A． which B． why C． that D． what 23． A． effort B． offer C． promise D． profit 24． A． come across B． look after C． depend on D． laugh at 25． A． instead B． indeed C． aside D． apart 26． A． worse B． better C． less D． higher 27． A． relaxing B． disappointing C． pleasant D． regular 28． A． agents B． buyers C． managers D． owners 29． A． already B． still C． generally D． ever 30． A． so B． or C． for D． but 31． A． apologized B． complained C． criticized D． explained 32． A． check B． analyze C． appreciate D． ignore 33． A． loss B． risk C． chance D． lead 34． A． increase B． difference C． interest D． average 35． A． kind B． polite C． smart D． energetic 17． (2014 新课标Ⅱ) Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains． They reached the top 41 ¸but on their way back conditions were very 42 ． Joe fell and broke his leg ． They both knew that if Simon 43 alone ¸ he would probably get back 44 ． But Simon decided to risk his 45 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳)。 As they 46 down¸the weather got worse． Then another 47 occurred． They couldn't see or hear each other and¸ 48 ¸Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice (峭壁)． It was 49 for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up． Joe's 50 was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice． 51 ¸after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold¸Simon had to 52 ． In tears¸he cut the rope． Joe 53 into a huge crevasse (裂缝) in the ice below． He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain． He couldn't walk¸but he 54 to get out of the crevasse and started to 55 towards their camp ¸ nearly ten kilometers 56 ． Simon had 57 the camp at the foot of the mountain． He thought that Joe must be 58 ¸but he didn't want to leave 59 ． Three days later¸in the middle of the night¸ he heard Joe's voice． He couldn't 60 it． Joe was there¸a few meters from their tent¸still alive． 41． A． hurriedly B． carefully C． successfully D． early 42． A． difficult B． similar C． special D． normal 43． A． climbed B． worked C． rested D． continued 44． A． unwillingly B． safely C． slowly D． regretfully 45． A． fortune B． time C． health D． life 46． A． lay B． settled C． went D． looked 47． A． damage B． storm C． change D． trouble 48． A． by mistake B． by chance C． by choice D． by luck 49． A． unnecessary B． practical C． important D． impossible 50． A． height B． weight C． strength D． equipment 51． A． Finally B． Patiently C． Surely D． Quickly 52． A． stand back B． take a rest C． make a decision D． hold on 53． A． jumped B． fell C． escaped D． backed 54． A． managed B． planned C． waited D． hoped 55． A． run B． skate C． move D． march 56． A． around B． away C． above D． along 57． A． headed for B． traveled to C． left for D． returned to 58． A． dead B． hurt C． weak D． late 59． A． secretly B． tiredly C． immediately D． anxiously 60． A． find B． believe C． make D． accept 18． (2014 山东) Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age five with her family． While 21 her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a(an) 22 in medicine． At 18 she married and 23 a family． Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a 24 ． Her husband supported her decision． 25 , Canadian medical schools did not26 women students at the time． Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study 27 at the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia． It took her five years to 28 her medical degree． Upon graduation, Charlotte 29 to Montreal and set up a private 30 ． Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a 31 doctor． Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps． Charlotte 32 herself operating on damaged limbs and setting 33 bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area． But Charlotte had been practicing without a license ． She had 34 a doctor’s license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was 35 ． The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an all-male board, wanted her to 36 her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to 37 her patients to spend time studying what she already knew ． So in 1887, she appeared to the Manitoba Legislature to 38 a license to her but they, too, refused． Charlotte 39 to practice without a license until 1912． She died four years later at the age of 73． In 1993, 77 years after her 40 , a medical license was issued to Charlotte． This decision was made by the Manitoba Legislature to honor “this courageous and pioneering woman． ” 21． A． raising B． teaching C． nursing D． missing 22． A． habit B． interest C． opinion D． voice 23． A． invented B． selected C． offered D． started 24． A． doctor B． musician C． lawyer D． physicist 25． A． Besides B． Unfortunately C． 0therwise D． Eventually 26． A． hire B． entertain C． trust D． accept 27． A． history B． physics C． medicine D． law 28． A． improve B． save C． design D． earn 29． A． returned B． escaped C． spread D． wandered 30． A． school B． museum C． clinic D． lab 31． A． busy B． wealthy C． greedy D． lucky 32． A． helped B． found C． troubled D． imagined 33． A． harmful B． tired C． broken D． weak 34． A． put away B． taken over C． turned in D． applied for 35． A． punished B． refused C． blamed D． fired 36． A． display B． change C． preview D． complete 37． A． leave B． charge C． test D． cure 38． A． sell B． donate C． issue D． show 39． A． continued B． promised C． pretended D． dreamed 40． A． birth B． death C． wedding D． graduation 19． (2014 安徽) In 2012, I had just recovered form a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in 0rlando, Florida． My family persuaded me that a(n) 36 might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I 37 ． Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring, but I 38 to catch a taxi to my 39 and settle in． Next morning, I took another 40 to the shopping centre to buy a few souvenirs． 41 I went to a cafe to have lunch, but all the tables were 42 ． Then I heard a friendly voice saying, "You can 43 my table． " I gratefully sat down with the 44 lady and we had a happy lunch together． As the 45 drew to a close she asked how long I would be in 0rlando． I had already told her that I hadn't 46 a car, and hadn't realised how 47 taking taxis would he, After a while she said, "My dear, don't use any more taxis． I'm retired and it would be my pleasure to 48 you wherever you wish． " I told her that I couldn't put her to that 49 ,but she brushed aside my protests (反对)。She asked me where I was 50 and next morning she was waiting at my apartment at the 51 time to take me to Disney World． She spent some time with me before leaving me to 52 alone． At the end of the day, she 53 to take me back to my accommodation． I 54 her money but she refused to take any． I'll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her 55 , filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories． 36． A． holiday B． ceremony C． operation D． experiment 37． A． kept B． went C． dropped D． knocked 38． A． intended B． promised C． managed D． deserved 39． A． hospital B． company C． university D． accommodation 40． A． colleague B． passenger C． suitcase D． taxi 41． A． Instead B． First C． Later D． 0nce 42． A． classified B． occupied C． decorated D． painted 43． A． share B． reserve C． set D． possess 44． A． old B． poor C． innocent D． stubborn 45． A． journey B． meal C． speech D． interview 46． A． donated B． repaired C． hired D． guided 47． A． convenient B． worthwhile C． unfortunate D． expensive 48． A． inspire B． entertain C． call D． drive 49． A． business B． argument C． trouble D． challenge 50． A． working B． staying C． moving D． shopping 51． A． appointed B． limited C． favourite D． regular 52． A． digest B． explore C． perform D． calculate 53． A． forgot B． refused C． returned D． preferred 54． A． sent B． lent C． offered D． owed 55． A． confidence B． dignity C． curiosity D． kindness 20． (2014 湖北) When our restaurant business failed¸ we headed north ina camping truck to Texas¸ hoping to have a " fresh start． "At the 31 of Palo Duro Canyon(峡谷) State Park¸I 32 a job advertisement hiring park hosts． The positionoffered a 33 ¸permanent campsite in the park and34 ¸the hosts served as a link between the park's guests and the rangers( 护 林 人 ) ． It was the perfect solution: a rent-free place to reorganize our lives． We entered the park and Imade an 35 for the following day． The park was 36 ¸so it took us some time to find anavailable site． That evening¸ as we finished our dinner¸my wife saw two large skunks(臭鼬) walking toward our table． We 37 climbed onto the table and¸for the next fourhours¸waited for them to 38 our camp． Having survived that night¸we were 39 thateverything else would be all right． The next day we met withthe people who ran the park． They explained our40 andgave us a beautiful campsite． That evening¸ 41 ¸we learned about the canyon42 ． They were strong and cold¸ rocking our little campingtruck violently¸and we lay 43 in the dark until the windsdied away． 44 the weeks that followed¸we learned to survive inourtruck and 45 the little money my wife 46 bysubstitute teaching． Building a successful business and thenlosing it had left very little time for building a successful47 ． For a time after our business 48 I thought Imight lose my family as well． Living in the tiny 49 with no television¸we sat closetogether reading and talking． 0ne evening¸ standing under ajeweled sky ¸ I found myself 50 for all the hardships ． Wehad walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls． We hadbecome a family! 31． A． back B． edgeC． centre D． entrance 32． A． sponsored B． published C． noticed D． answered 33． A． safe B． freeC． convenient D． beautiful 34． A． in return B． in timeC． in short D． in turn 35． A． attempt B． agreementC． appeal D． appointment 36． A． crowded B． dangerousC． ideal D． quiet 37． A． repeatedly B． immediatelyC． eventually D． calmly 38． A． attack B． leave C． pass D． search 39． A． satisfied B． determinedC． confident D． aware 40． A． responsibilities B． requirements C． circumstances D． conditions 41． A． moreover B． thereforeC． meanwhile D． however 42． A． winds B． snowsC． woods D． trails 43． A． shaking B． quarrellingC． mourning D． aching 44． A． After B． BetweenC． During D． Beyond 45． A． give away B． hand out C． live on D． put aside 46． A． borrowed B． earnedC． posted D． raised 47． A． businessB． career C． family D． image 48． A． started B． failedC． expanded D． declined 49． A． truck B． park C． house D． camp 50． A． desperate B． readyC． suitable D． thankful 21． (2014 陕西) It was Mother's Day and I was shopping ~t the localsupermarket with my five-year old son¸ Tenyson． As wewere 26 ¸ we realized that only minutes earlier an27 woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit herhead on the ground ． 28 was with her ¸ but there was bloodeverywhere ancl the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock． 29 ¸a lot of people stopped to help out． 30 we were walking towards the scene¸Tenysonbecame very 31 about what had happened to the elderly couple． He 32 to me¸"Mm¸it'snot much fun fallingover in frontof' 33 ． " Seeing that there was a flower stall(雄位) at the front of the supermarket¸he added¸"Why shouldn't we 34 thelady a flower? It will makeher feel better． "I was 35 that he'd come up with this36 idea: So we went over and told the flower seller37 we wanted． "Just take it¸" she replied． "I 38take your money for such a wonderful 39 ． " By now medical staff had' arrived¸and were 40 theinjured woman． We gave the flower to the woman's husbandand I told him it :was 41 my son． At that¸the old manstarted crying and said¸" Thank you very much． " He thenturned to me¸" You have a 42 son． Happy Mother'sDay to you． " The man bent down and gave his wife the flower¸telling her who it was from． 43 being badly hurt¸ theold lady looked up at Tenyson with 44 in her eyes andgave him alittle45 ． 26． A． leaving B． drivingC． moving D． stopping 27． A． injuredB． awkwardC． honest D． elderly 28． A． Her husband B． My sonC． The crowd D． The seller 29． A． Specifically B． ParticularlyC． Interestingly D． Fortunately 30． A． If B． Since C． While D． Unless 31． A． guilty B． curious C． angry D． worried 32． A． complained B． saidC． lied D． responded 33． A． no one B． someoneC． everyone D． anyone 34． A． lend B． bring C． leave D． buy 35． A． amazed B． shockedC． puzzled D． concerned 36． A． wise B． sweet C． innocentD． crazy 37． A． which B． whenC． what D． whether 38． A． must not B． can'tC． maynotD． needn't 39． A． scene B． habit C． flower D． deed 40． A． checking with B． looking afterC． operating on D． praying for 41． A． from B． to C． with D． about 42． A． respectful B． cheerfulC． successful D． wonderful 43． A． 0ut of B． Regardless ofC． Thanks to D． As to 44． A． love B． hope C． pity D． pain 45． A． idea B． money C． smile D． comfort 22． (2014 江西) "Mum¸can I invite my classmate Brett over to stay tomorrow night¸please? It's Friday¸and we don't have any 36 ． Can I¸please?"Mum was sitting at the kitchen table． Dad was 37 next to her¸resting his head on his arms． Mum could 38 that James wanted sobadly to have his friend over． " I'm so sorry¸James¸" she said． "I'm never allowed to have friends come to the house? Why ¸ Mum?" James asked sadly ¸ almost in 39 ． "I know it's 40 for you¸" Mum said softly． "But I'm just worried other people might think we re a little… strange． And then theywould make fun of you． " " No¸they wouldn't¸Mum¸" James protested． "We're not 41at all． We're just ordinary people． " Mum sighed heavily． " To tell you the truth¸James¸my neck hasbeen so painful that it's given me a heavy 42 ． And your poor father — he doesn't feel 43 ． He really needs a rest． " "I can help¸Mum!" James said． "44 ． I can make you andDad feel better¸can Brett come over? Please？ " "Well…" Mum began． "Great! Thanks¸Mum! " James almost shouted． "Just sit there¸don't move． "He rushed over to the kitchen drawer and 45 what he needed — two spanners(扳手)． " Hang on¸Mum¸" he said． "This won't take a second． " After some 46 ¸James was finished． With a smile of 47 on his face he said¸"There! How does that feel?""0h¸James¸"Mum said． "That's much better! How did you do it?" "Easy¸" James said 48 ． " Dad had tightened your neck bolts(螺栓) too much! I just 49 them slightly! I learned that in robotic science at school． "What about your father? Can you 50 him?" asked Mum． "I'll try¸"James replied． He 51 up Dad's hair at the back ofhis neck¸and plugged the electric wire into Dad's head． Then he turnedthe 52 on． Dad opened his eyes and 53 immediately． "Hejustlet his 54 run too low¸that's all¸"James said． "Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow?" "I guess so ¸ " replied Mum ． "Your friends will just have to 55that we are a very unusual family． Thanks¸son! " 36． A． chance B． message C． homework D． difficulty 37． A． asleep B． reading C． alone D． standing 38． A． explain B． see C． agree D． doubt 39． A． terror B． tears C． surprise D． silence 40． A． fair B． easy C． good D． hard 41． A． strange B． normal C． popular D． anxious 42． A． headache B． loss C． task D． day 43． A． ill B． funny C． sorry D． well 44． A． As B． If C． Since D． Before 45． A． kept B． controlled C． found D． returned 46． A． requests B． thoughts C． repairs D． instructions 47． A． sympathy B． satisfaction C． bitterness D． politeness 48． A． embarrassedly B． gratefully C． impatiently D． proudly 49． A． adjusted B． collected C． produced D． covered 50． A． greet B． accompany C． help D． ask 51． A． lifted B． caught C． gave D． filled 52． A． television B． power C． light D． gas 53． A． grew up B． lay down C． broke down D． sat up 54． A． food B． temperature C． battery D． blood 55． A． prove B． expect C． suspect D． accept 23． (2013 北京) A Leap（跳跃） to Honor Leaping on a narrow balance beam（平衡木） is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it. To perfect her skills, Lola 36 for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls. That’s especially impressive. 37 she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and can’t 38 how far away things are. When she was little, her mom 39 that even though she couldn’t see 40 , she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the 41 right away and gymnastics became her favorite. Though learning gymnastics has been more42 for her than for someof her tournaments, she has never quit. She doesn’t let her 43stop her from doing anything that she wants to. She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest 44 is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees to beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes she even closes her eyes. “You have to 45 your mind that it’ll take you where you want to go.” says Lola. To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is probably the most 46 for anyone because it’s four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didn’t fall 47 the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10---- her highest score yet. Lola doesn’t want to be 48 differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges don’t know about her vision 49 ． She doesn’t tell them, because she doesn’t think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her 50 attitude. Lola never thinks about 51． She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 52is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids 53 she grew up. Lola is 54of all her hard work and success. She says it’s helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics, too. Her 55 for others is “just believe yourself”. 36． A． runs 　　B． teaches 　　C． trainsD． dances 37． A． since 　　B． unless 　　C． afterD． though 38． A． tell B． guess C． assume 　 D． predict 39． A． suspected B． remembered C． imagined 　　 D． noticed 40． A． deeply 　　B． well C． aheadD． closely 41． A． task 　　B． sport C． eventD． show 42． A． boring 　　B． enjoyable 　　C． different 　　 D． unsatisfactory 43． A． talent　　B． quality 　　C． nature 　　 D． condition 44． A． doubt 　　B． advantage 　　C． challenge　　 D． program 45． A． examine B． express 　　C． open D． trust 46． A． fearful 　　B． harmful 　　C． unfair 　　 D． inconvenient 47． A． to B． on C． off D． against 48． A． greeted 　　B． treated 　　C． served 　　 D． paid 49． A． pains 　　B． stresses 　　C． injuries 　　 D． problems 50． A． positive 　　B． friendly 　　C． flexible 　　 D． caution 51． A． defending B． quitting 　　Ｃ． winning 　　 D． bargaining 52． A． standard B． range C． viewD． goal 53． A． until 　　B． as C． when D． before 54． A． proud 　　B． tiredC． ashamed 　　 D． confident 55． A． plan 　　B． advice 　　C． reward 　　 D． responsibility 24． (2013 新课标全国 II) Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker． He is not famous in sports or the arts¸ But people in the streets 16 him¸ especially those who are 17 ． For those people¸ he is "Gloves" Greenberg． How did he get that 18 ?He looks like any other businessman¸ wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase (公文箱)． But he's 19 _． His briefcase always has some gloves。 In winter¸Mr． Greenberg does not 20 like other New Yorkers¸who look at the sidewalk and 21 the street． He looks around at 22 ． He stops when he 23 someone with no gloves． He gives them a pair and then he 24 ¸looking for more people with cold 25 ． 0n winter days¸Mr． Greenberg 26 gloves． During the rest of the year¸he 27 gloves． People who have heard about him 28 him gloves¸and he has many in his apartment． Mr． Greenberg 29 doing this 21 years ago． Now¸many poor New Yorkers know him and 30 his behavior． But people who don't know him are sometimes 31 him． They don't realize that he just wants to make them 32 ． It runs in the 33 ． Michael's father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier． Michael Greenberg feels the 34 ． A pair of gloves may be a 35 thing¸but it can make a big difference in winter． 16． A． know about B． learn from C． cheer for D． look after 17． A． old B． busy C． kind D． poor 18． A． job B． name C． chance D． message 19． A． calm B． different C． crazy D． curious 20． A． act B． sound C． feel D． dress 21． A． cross over B． drive along C． hurry down D． keep off 22． A． cars B． people C． street numbers D． traffic lights 23． A． helps B． chooses C． greets D． sees 24． A． holds up B． hangs out C． moves on D． turns around 25． A． hands B． ears C． faces D． eyes 26． A． searches for B． stores up C． gives away D． puts on 27． A． borrows B． sells C． returns D． buys 28． A． call B． send C． lend D． show 29． A． delayed B． remembered C． began D． enjoyed 30． A． understand B． dislike C． study D． excuse 31． A． sorry for B． satisfied with C． proud of D． surprised by 32． A． smart B． rich C． special D． happy 33． A． city B． family C． neighborhood D． company 34． A． honor B． pain C． same D． cold 35． A． small B． useful C． delightful D． comforting 25． (2013 山东) I used to be a very self-centered person¸but in the past two years I have really changed． I have started to think about other people 36 I think about myself． I am happy that I am becoming a 37 person． I think my 38 started when I was at Palomar College． At first¸I just wanted to get my 39 and be left alone¸I thought I was smarter than everyone else¸so I hardly ever 40 to anyone in my classes． By the end of my first semester¸I was really 41 ． It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun． So I tried a(n) 42 ． I started asking people around me how they were doing¸and if they were having trouble I 43 to help． That was really a big 44 for me． By the end of the year¸ I had several new friends¸ and two of 45 are still my best friends today． A bigger cause of my new 46 ¸ however ¸ came when I took a part-time job at Vista Nursing Home． 0ne old lady there who had Alzheimer's disease became my 47 ． Every time I came into her room¸she was so 48 because she thought I was her daughter． Her real daughter never 49 her¸ so I took her place． She let me 50 that making others feel good made me feel good too． When she died¸I was 51 ¸but I was also very grateful to her． I think I am a much 52 person today than I used to be¸and I hope I will not 53 these experiences． They have 54 me to care about other people more than about myself． I 55 who I am today¸and I could not say that a few years ago． 36． A． since B． before C． or D． unless 37． A． famous B． simple C． different D． skilled 38． A． education B． career C． tour D． change 39． A． balance B． homework C． degree D． interest 40． A． talked B． wrote C． lied D． reported 41． A． careful B． lonely C． curious D． guilty 42． A． argument B． game C． experiment D． defence 43． A． dared B． offered C． hesitated D． happened 44． A． dream B． problem C． duty D． step 45． A． us B． which C． them D． whom 46． A． attitude B． hobby C． hope D． luck 47． A． friend B． partner C． guide D． guest 48． A． polite B． happy C． strange D． confident 49． A． bothered B． answered C． visited D． trusted 50． A． explain B． guess C． declare D． see 51． A． home-less B． heart-broken C． bad-tempered D． Hope-less 52． A． quieter B． busier C． better D． richer 53． A． forget B． face C． improve D． analyze 54． A． forced B． preferred C． ordered D． taught 55． A． miss B． like C． wonder D． expect 26． (2013 湖北) Zigfnied¸a little mouse¸ blew his breath on the frosty window of the farmhouse and rubbed it to see the outside． Still nobody came． Maybetoday¸he thought 31 ． It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle (奇迹)． This farmhouse had been 32 too long． It needed afamily． Zigfried's 33 made a noise． He realized that he hadn't eaten anything since yesterday． He jumped from the windowsill (窗沿)¸grabbed a 34 from his home¸and went next door to Farmer Mike's． Farmer Mike9s house had been a great place for the little mouse35 the farmer married a wife who had a cat． Zigfried 36 whenhe thought of it． He looked around cautiously ashe 37 into theroom where grain was stored and was quite 38 as he filledhis bagwith wheat． He was turning to leave when suddenly he 39 a hotbreath about his ear． His heart beat 40 ¸and without thinking he started to run and luckily 41 the cat's paws (瓜子)． The next afternoon Zigfried heard some good news: a 42 familywould be moving into the farmhouse soon． Zigfried's granny would arriveon Christmas Eve to 43 with him． He hoped that the family wouldcome before his granny came． Before long¸a car came 44 the roadleading to the house¸ with butter sandwiches¸cheese and chocolate． Zigfried's Christmas miracle did arrive！ The house came 45 the next few days． Zigfried 46 everysingle hour ofthem 47 ¸the day before Christmas when he wasdrinking hot chocolate with a48 smile at the door of his home¸heheard the 49 of the children of the family about what they might getfor Christmas． What? A cat? The 50 froze on his face; his mouth fellwide open． After a long while¸he at last found his voice: " Hey! Whose Christmas miracle is this?" 31． A． carefully B． excitedlyC． hopefully D． proudly 32． A． shabby B． noisyC． messy D． empty 33． A． mouth B． noseC． stomach D． throat 34． A． bag B． stickC． bowl D． coat 35． A． although B． untilC． whereas D． unless 36． A． leapt B． sniffedC． trembled D． withdrew 37． A． broke B． marchedC． paced D． stole 38． A． curious B． nervousC． pitiful D． sensible 39． A． took B． released C． felt D． drew 40． A． strongly B． irregularlyC． slowly D． wildly 41． A． escaped B． seizedC． rubbed D． scratched 42． A． close B． happyC． new D． young 43． A． celebrate B． communicateC． compete D． compromise 44． A． across B． from C． off D． up 45． A． alive B． looseC． open D． still 46． A． counted B． enjoyedC． missed D． wasted 47． A． However B． InsteadC． Moreover D． Therefore 48． A． bitter B． forcedC． polite D． satisfied 49． A． introduction B． discussionC． comment D． debate 50． A． blood B． smileC． tear D． sweat 26． (2013 湖北) 31． C 从语境的叙述看¸这只小老鼠在窗户上哈气¸然后把窗户擦亮¸他满怀希望地想¸或许今天会有人 来。这里用 hopefully 表示"充满希望地"¸符合语境。 32． D 根据下文的"It needed a family"可知¸这里表示这个农舍空太久了¸没有人住¸因此选 D。 33． C 下文说他意识到自己从昨天起就没有吃东西了¸因此选 C¸Zigfried 的肚子饿得咕咕叫。 34． A 根据第 38 空后的"as he filled his bag with wheat"可知¸他从自己的窝里拿起一个袋子就跑到隔 壁的农民迈克家去了。 35． B 迈克家一直是 Zigfried 的天堂¸直到迈克娶了老婆¸而他的老婆养了一只猫。根据语境可知选 B¸用 until 表示"直到"。 36． C 一想到迈克家的那只猫¸Zigfried 就（害怕得）浑身发抖。 tremble"颤抖¸发抖"¸符合语境。 37． D 这里用 steal( into)体现出 Zigfried 的小心翼翼：他一边谨慎地环顾四周¸一边悄悄地溜进存放谷 物的房间。 38． B 根据语境可知¸Zigfried 在往袋子里装小麦的时候很紧张。 39． C 就在 Zigfried 转身准备离开的时候¸他突然感觉到耳边有很热的呼吸。这里用 feel¸表示"感觉"。 40． D 猫就在 Zigfried 旁边¸因此他的心狂跳不止¸选 D。wildly"失控地¸紊乱地"¸符合语境。 41． A Zigfried 赶紧逃窜¸他幸运地从那只猫的爪子下逃脱了。escape"逃脱¸摆脱"¸符合语境。 42． C 既然是要搬来这里居住的人家¸那么应该选 C¸表示"新来的"。 43． A 语境表示 Zigfried 的奶奶要来跟他一起庆祝圣诞节。因此选 A¸celebrate 表示 "庆祝"。 44． D 这里用介词 up 表示"顺着¸沿着"：一辆车沿着通往这个房子的路开过来了。 45． A 这个房子因为有人搬入而变得热闹起来。come alive "热闹起来"¸符合语境。 46． B 句中的 them 指代前面提到的 days¸此处表示小老鼠在{这几天里每刻都过得很快乐。enjoy 表 示"喜欢¸享受"¸符合语境。 47． A 从下文的叙述可知¸此处表示转折关系¸故用副词 However¸表示"可是¸然而"。 48． D 这家原先没人居住¸Zigfried 总是挨饿¸而现在他在自家门口喝着热巧克力饮料¸当然会觉得满足 ¸因此选 D 。 49． B 这里用 discussion 表示这些孩子在七嘴八舌地讨论他们圣诞节会收到什么礼物。 50． B 听说这家的孩子圣诞节会得到只猫¸Zigfried 脸上的笑容一下子僵住了。这里用 smile 与第 48 空 后的 smile 相呼应。 27． ( 2013 陕西) To celebrate the end of our exams ¸ my friends and I went to a fastfood restaurant ． We 26 hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter． When our 27 came¸ I started walking towards an empty table． By bad luck¸my purse strap(带子) got 28 ¸on a chair and the tray (托盘)that I was holding slipped 29 my hands and went flying in the air． The tray¸and its contents¸ 30 on a man who was just about to 31 a bite of his sandwich． I stared¸greatly 32 as the drinks soaked (浸湿) his white shirt． Then I 33 my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of34． Instead¸he said " It's 0K" to 35 me before hedisappeared into the washroom． Still shaky and unsure 36 to do next¸my friends and I went to a table and sat there¸ trying our bestto look 37 ． A moment later¸the man came out of the washroom and 38 0ur table． My heart almoststopped 39 ． I thought he was going to ask for my father's 40 and call him． To my surprise ¸ he merely smiled at us ¸ handed us some cash and said ¸ " 41 yourself new hamburgers． " He then walked 42without even finishing his food． He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situationworse¸ 43 he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believethat there is still 44 in this world． I'll never 45 his actions． 26． A． ordered B． madeC． arranged D． demanded 27． A． food B． turnC． bill D． menu 28． A． fixed B． caught C． cut D． tied 29． A． by B． in C． from D． out 30． A． knocked B． fell C． stood D． hung 31． A． take B． taste C． swallow D． chew 32． A． discouraged B． disappointed C． shocked D． annoyed 33． A． rolled B． rubbed C． narrowedD． closed 34． A． bitterness B． anxiety C． anger D． sorrow 35． A． satisfy B． comfort C． encourage D． praise 36． A． how B． who C． what D． which 37． A． mildB． honest C． calm D． modest 38． A． pushed B． approached C． drew D． laid 39． A． beating B． breaking C． sinking D． trembling 40． A． help B． position C． number D． job 41． A． Prepare B． Buy C． Find D． Cook 42． A． on B． around C． up D． away 43． A． so B． since C． although D． but 44． A． kindness B． happiness C． politeness D． brightness 45． A． forget B． refuse C． oppose D． ignore 28． (2013 辽宁) A little girl lived in a simple and poor house on a hill． Usually she36 play in the small garden． She could see over the garden fenceand across the valley a wonderful house with shining golden windowshigh on another hill． 37 she loved her parents and her family¸shedesired to live in such a house and 38 all day about how wonderfuland exciting 39 must feel to live there． At the age when she gained some 40 skill and sensibility(识别力)¸she 41 her mother for a bike ride 42 the garden． Her mother finally allowed her to go¸ 43 her keeping close to the houseand not 44 too far． The day was beautiful． The little girl knew 45 where she was heading! 46 the hill and across the valley¸she rode tothe 47 0f the golden house． 48 she got off her bike and put it against the gate post¸shefocused on the path 49 to the house and then on the house itself． She was very disappointed when she 50 that all the windows were51 and rather dirty． So 52 and heart-broken¸she didn't go any further． She53 ¸and all of a sudden she saw an amazing 54 ． There on theother side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden． Looking at her little home¸she 55 that she had been living in hergolden house filled with love and care． Everything she dreamed was rightthere in front of her nose! 36． A． might B． shouldC． would D． must 37． A． Unless B． AlthoughC． Since D． But 38． A． dreamed B． worriedC． asked D． shouted 39． A． this B． thatC． it D． which 40． A． different B． scientificC． musical D． basic 41． A． begged B． blamedC． invited D． paid 42． A． inside B． outsideC． through D． along 43． A． insisting on B． relying onC． arguing about D． wondering about 44． A． traveling B． runningC． riding D． walking 45． A． madly B． rapidlyC． exactly D． possibly 46． A． 0ver B． DownC． Around D． Beside 47． A． windows B． stepsC． center D． gate 48． A． Until B． AsC． While D． Because 49． A． getting B． introducingC． leading D． moving 50． A． felt B． learnedC． concluded D． found 51． A． transparent B． brightC． plain D． wide 52． A． anxious B． angryC． serious D． sad 53． A． turned aroundB． cheered up C． settled down D． dropped in 54． A． hill B． valleyC． background D． sight 55． A． imagined B． decidedC． realized D． guessed 29． (2013 浙江) Last spring¸I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in anexchangestudy program． In my application letter¸I was careful to21 how much I wanted to see France; evidently¸my excitementreally came through in my words． 0nce I 22 that I was going¸all Icould think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts ofnew and 23 friends． While traveling was inspiring and meeting people was 24 ¸nothing about my term in France was whatI25 ． The moment I arrived in Paris¸I was 26 by a nice French couplewho would become my host parents． My entire experience was joyous andexciting 27 I received some shocking news from my program coordinator (协调人):there had been a death in my host parents' extended family． They had to travel outside France for several weeks ． Thatafternoon ¸ I had to 28 out of one family's house and into another． The exchange coordinator told me I'd have a 29 this time and asked whether I could share abedroom with an English speaker． To avoid the temptation (诱惑)to 30 my native language¸I asked not to be 31 with an English-speaking roommate． When I got to my new room¸I 32 myself to my new roommate Paolo¸a Brazilian(巴西人) the same age as I¸whom I was surprised to find playing oneof my favorite CDs! In justa few hours¸we knew we'd be good friends for the rest of the 33 ． I left France with many 34 ¸so when people ask mewhat myfavorite partof the trip was¸ they are always 35 to hear me talkabout my Brazilian friend Paolo and the scores of weekdays in class¸weeknights on the town¸and weekends 36 ． France we enjoyedtogether． Ilove how people 37 seem so different ¸but end up beingso 38 ． The most valuable lesson I gained from studying in Francewasn't just to respect the French people 39 to respect all people¸foryour next best friend could be just a continent away． I would recommendan exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign culturesand gain meaningful 40 ． 21． A． discuss B． expressC． announce D． argue 22． A． approved B． knewC． warned D． denied 23． A． stubborn B． anxiousC． universal D． interesting 24． A． boring B． upsettingC． exciting D． promising 25． A． expectedB． likedC． doubted D． feared 26． A． sponsored B． witnessedC． greeted D． supported 27． A． until B． whenC． since D． while 28． A． move B． travelC． walk D． rush 29． A． housekeeper B． leaderC． roommate D． colleague 30． A． learn B． appreciateC． speak D． master 31． A． combined B． fittedC． involved D． placed 32． A． added B． introducedC． devoted D． adapted 33． A． term B． weekC． month D． vacation 34． A． presents B． suitcasesC． stories D． dreams 35． A． surprised B． disturbedC． embarrassed D． concerned 36． A． analyzing B． exploringC． describing D． investigating 37． A． need B． shallC． must D． can 38． A． generous B． independentC． similar D． distant 39． A． and B． butC． or D． so 40． A． instructions B． friendshipsC． facts D． data 30． (2013 江西) Diane Ray was completely self-centred and very spoilt． Her parentsgave her 36 she wanted¸knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum(耍小孩脾气) if they did not． She would scream and kick and 37 on the floor drumming her heels． Her parents always38 ． That was why she was alone on the 39 ¸wearing an expensive swimsuit． It had taken a massive tantrum to 40 her parents to buyit． They were back at the beach-house¸ 41 from the tantrum shehad thrown when they told her that it was too dangerous to go diving 42 ． "Dangerous? she had said． " You justdon'twant me to have 43 ． I'm going and if you try to stop me¸I'll scream"． "What are you doing?" a voice asked． Diane jumped． She did notknow that the man was there 44 he spoke． "I'm going diving¸" she answered． "You shouldn't swim today¸" the man 45 ． "There is a storm coming up． " "You should mind your own 46 !" Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves． "If you go out there you'll be 47 ¸" the man called after her． She did not bother to reply． Diane slipped into the water and dived 48 until white caps began rolling in and it became harder to 49 against the current(水流)． Salt water hit against her face¸making it 50 to breathe． 0h¸why had she not listened to advice? Panicking¸she began to 51 ． Then¸just as it seemed as if shewould slip beneath the surface¸she heard a 52 voice． "Hold on!I'm coming"． With 53 ¸she saw the old man rowing an ancient-looking boat towards her． "I hope you've learned a lesson． You put usboth in 54 " he shouted angrily¸as he dragged her over the side ofthe 55 ． Gratefully¸Diane thanked him and ran towards the beach-house． 36． A． either B． neitherC． nothing D． everything 37． A． jump B． lieC． spin D． sleep 38． A． set out B． set inC． gave in D． gave out 39． A． beach B． bedC． floor D． ship 40． A． allow B． warnC． get D． prefer 41． A． changing B． recoveringC． appearing D． traveling 42． A． alone B． awayC． again D． aside 43． A． time B． moneyC． food D． fun 44． A． when B． untilC． after D． once 45． A． decided B． intendedC． advised D． repeated 46． A． business B． swimsuitC． friends D． parents 47． A． angry B． sorryC． confused D． excited 48． A． nervously B． sadlyC． shyly D． happily 49． A． rise B． swimC． stop D． row 50． A． difficult B． easyC． comfortable D． suitable 51． A． speak B． singC． sniff D． scream 52． A． calm B． frighteningC． beautiful D． disgusting 53． A． regret B． reliefC． interest D． ease 54． A． power B． safetyC． danger D． thought 55． A． house B． waveC． beach D． boat 31． (2012 山东) Whenever we hear about " the homeless"¸most of usthink of the Developing World． But the 36 is that homelessness is everywhere． For example¸how many of uswould expect to see people living on the streets of a 37 country like Germany? Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven yearsmaking 38 for the homeless of Berlin¸Germany's capital． They first 39 one long hot summer when mostGermanswere 40 on holiday． Kurt and his wife stayed athome¸made sandwiches¸ 41 a table in the street and gave food to the homeless． The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren't 42 ． "What these people also need is warmth and43 ¸"says Rita． The Mullers didn't 44 to give theirphone number to the street people and told them to phoneanytime． Rita 45 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 46 to anyone whocouldn't face another night on the street． The couple were soon 47 all their- time and money ¸ so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to48donations ． Today ¸ over thirty companies 49 donate foodand other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 50them to the homeless． The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 51 new shoes． Kurt and Rita receive no 52 for their hard work． " We feel like parents¸" says Rita¸" and parents shouldn't53 money for helping their children． The love we get onthe streets is our salary． "Though Rita admits she often gets54 ¸she saysshe will continue with her work becauseshe likes the feeling of having made a 55 in the world． 36． A． result B． truth C． reason D． idea 37． A． traditional B． developingC． typical D． wealthy 38． A． preparations B． houses C． meals D． suggestions 39． A． began B． met C． called D． left 40． A． asleep B． alone C． across D． away 41． A． brought up B． set upC． put aside D． gave away 42． A． enough B． necessary C． helpful D． expensive 43． A． fame B． freedom C． courage D． caring 44． A． hesitate B． agree C． pretend D． intend 45． A． made sense B． found outC． made sure D． worked out 46． A． open B． crowded C． noisy D． near 47． A． costing B． wasting C． taking D． spending 48． A． pay for B． ask forC． look into D． carry out 49． A． completely B． calmlyC． regularly D． roughly 50． A． advertise B． sellC． deliver D． lend 51． A． donates B． producesC． designs D． collects 52． A． permission B． paymentC． direction D． support 53． A． borrow B． raiseC． save D． expect 54． A． surprised B． excitedC． tired D． amused 55． A． profit B． differenceC． decision D． rule 32． ( 2012 北京 ) Inspiration "Mama ¸ when I grow up ¸ I'm going to be one of'those!" I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company performwhen I was three． It was the first time that my 36 took ona vivid form and acted as something important to start mytraining． As I grew older and was 37 to more¸myinterests in the world of dance 38 varied but that little girl's dream of someday becoming a 39 in the company never left me． In the summer of 2005 when I was 18¸Ireceived the phone call which made that dream a 40 Ibecame a member of the company． 41 back to 1925． As I look back on that day now¸it surely 42 anysense of reality． I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief 43 I was halfway through rehearsals(排练)on my first day． I never actually 44 to get the job． After being offered the position¸Iwas completely 45 ． I remember shaking with excitement． Though I was absolutely thrilled with thechance¸it didnot come without its fair share of 46 ． Through the strictrehearsal period of dancing six days a week¸I found it vitalto 47 up the material fast with every last bit of concentration ． It is that extreme 48 to detail ( 细 节 )and stress on practice that set us 49 ． To then followthose high-energy rehearsals 50 a busy show scheduleof up to five performances a day¸I discovered a new 51of the words " hard work"． What I thought were my physical52 were pushed much further than I thought 53 ． I learned to make each performance better than the last． Today¸when I look at the unbelievable company that Ihave the great 54 of being a part of¸not only as amember¸but as a dance captain¸I see a 55 that hasinspired not only generations of little girls but a splendidcompany that continues to develop and grow and inspirespeople every day to follow their dreams． 36． A． hobby B． planC． dream D． word 37． A． connected B． expandedC． exposed D． extended 38． A． rarely B． certainlyC． probably D． consistently 39． A． director B． trainerC． leader D． dancer 40． A． symbol B． memory C． truth D． reality 41． A． bouncing B． dating C． turning D． tracking 42． A． lacks B． adds C． makes D． brings 43． A． while B． sinceC． until D． when 44． A． cared B． expected C． asked D． decided 45． A． motivated B． relaxed C． convinced D． astonished 46． A． challenges B． profitsC． advantages D． adventures 47． A． put B． mix C． build D． pick 48． A． attention B． association C． attraction D． adaptation 49． A． apart B． aside C． off D． back 50． A． over B． by C． with D． beyond 51． A． function B． meaning C． expression D． usage 52． A． boundaries B． problems C． barriers D． efforts 53． A． necessary B． perfect C． proper D． possible 54． A． talent B． honor C． potential D． responsibility 55． A． victory B． trendC． tradition D． desire 33． (2011 新课标全国Ⅱ) Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker． He is not famousin sports or the arts． But people in the streets 16 him¸especiallythose who are 17 ． For those people ¸ he is " Gloves" Greenberg ． How did he get that18 ? He looks like any other businessman¸wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase (公文箱)． But he's 19 ． His briefcase alwayshas some gloves． In winter¸Mr． Greenberg does not 20 like other New． Yorkers¸who look at the sidewalk and 21 the street． He looks around at 22 ． Hestops when the 23 someone with no gloves． He gives them a pair andthen he 24 ¸looking for more peoplewith cold 25 ． 0n winter days¸Mr． Greeriberg 26gloves． During therest of the year¸he 27 gloves． People who have heard about him 28him gloves¸and he has many in his apartment． Mr． Greenberg 29 doing this 21 years ago． Now¸many poorNew Yorkers know him and 30 his behavior． But people-who don'tknow him are sometimes 31 him． They don't realize that he just¸wants to make them 32． It runs in the 33 ． Michael's father always helped the poor ashe believed it made everyone happier． Michael Greenberg feels the34 ． A pair of gloves maybe a 35 thing¸but it can make a bigdifference in winter． 16． A． know a out B． learn fromC． cheer for D． look after 17． A． old B． busy C． kind D． poor 18． A． job B． nameC． chance D． message 19． A． calm B． differentC． crazy D． curious 20． A． act B． soundC． feel D． dress 21． A． cross over B． drive alongC． hurry clown D． keep off 22． A． cars B． peopleC． street numbers D． traffic lights 23． A． helps B． choosesC． greets D． sees 24． A． holds up B． hangs outC． moves on D． turns around 25． A． hands B． earsC． faces D． eyes 26． A． searches for B． stores upC． gives away D． puts on 27． A． borrows B． sellsC． returns D． buys 28． A． call B． sendC． lend D． show 29． A． delayed B． rememberedC． began D． enjoyed 30． A． understand B． dislike C． study D． excuse 31． A． sorry for B． satisfied withC． proud of D． surprised by 32． A． smart B． richC． special D． happy 33． A． city B． familyC． neighborhood D． company 34． A． honor B． painC． same D． cold 35． A． small B． usefulC． delightful D． comforting 34． (2011 安徽) When I began planning to move to Auckland to study¸my mother was worried about a lack of jobs and culturaldifferences ． Ignoring these 36 ¸ I got there in July 2010 ． 37 I arrived ¸ I realized the in importance of getting a job38 my living expenses． Determined to dothis 39 ¸Ispent several weeks going door-to-door for a job¸but found 40 response(回应)． 0ne afternoon¸I walked into a building to ask 41 there were any job opportunities (机会)． The people there advised me not to continue my job search in that 42 ． AsIwas about to 43 ¸a man who had been listeningapproachedme and asked me to wait outside 44 ． Nearly ten minutes later¸he 45 ． He asked me about my plansand encouraged me tostay 46 ． Then he offered to takeme to Royal 0ak to47 a job． I was a little surprised¸but had a 48 feeling abouthim． Along the way¸I realized that I had 49 resumes (筒历)． Seeing this¸the man 50 at his business partner's office to make me fifteen 51 copies． He alsogave me some 52 on dressing and speaking． I handedout my resum's and went home feeling very 53 ． Thefollowing day¸I received a 54 from a store in Royal 0akoffering me a job． It seems that the world always 55 to you when need it． And this time¸it was a complete stranger who turnedout to be a real blessing． 36． A． doubts B． concerns C． instructions D． reasons 37． A． Even if B． Every timeC． Now that D． Soon after 38． A． of B． at C． for D． with 39． A． on my own B． on my way C． by any chance D． by the day 40． A． any B． much C． some D． little 41． A． why B． whereverC． whether D． whenever 42． A． direction B． attitudeC． language D． manner 43． A． answer B． work C． leave D． refuse 44． A． for ever B． at any timeC． as usual D． for a while 45． A． returned B． hesitatedC． passed D． regretted 46． A． silent B． busyC． positive D． comfortable 47． A． pick out B． search forC． take on D． give up 48． A． dull B． good C． guilty D． eneral 49． A． made use of B． taken care of C． run out of D． become tired of 50． A． stopped B． knocked C． glanced D． appeared 51． A． right B． moreC． former D． different 52． A． pressures B． agreementsC． impressions D． suggestions 53． A． lonely B． funnyC． disappointed D． satisfied 54． A． call B． tip C． present D． report 55． A． turns off B． goes overC． gives back D． looks up 35． (2010 天津) Robert Moody¸52¸is an experienced police officer． Much of his work involves dealing with 16 and gang（团伙) problems in the schools of his community． Knowing that many kids often 17 trouble¸he decided to dosomething about it． So in 1991 he began to invite smallgroups of kids to go fishing with him on his day 18 ． Those full trips had a(n) 19 impact ． A chanceencounter 2000 proved that ． 0ne day ¸ 20 workingsecurity at a school basketball game ¸Moody noticed twoyoung guys 21 ． He sensed trouble between them． 22 ¸one of them headed toward Moody and gave him ahug． "I23you． You took me 24 when I was infifth grade． That was one of the 25 days of my life． " Deeply touched by the boy's words ． Moody decided to create a foundation( 基 金 会 )that 26 teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs． " As a policeman¸Isaw 27 there 'was violence¸ drugs were always behindit． They have a damaging 28 on the kids¸" says Moody． By turning kids on to fishing¸he 29 to present analternative way of life． "When you're sitting there waitingfor a 30 ¸" he says¸"you can'thelp but talk to eachother¸and such 31 can be pretty deep． " "Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer(同龄人) pressures in high school¸"says Michelle¸ 17 ¸who 32 the first program． "And I was able to help mylittle brother 33 drugs． " Moody faces 34 in three years¸when he hopes torun the foundation full-time． "I'rn living a happy life and Ihave a responsibility to my 35 to give back¸"Moody says． " If I teach a kid to fish today¸he can teach hisbrother to fish tomorrow． " 16． A． drinking B． drugC． security D． smoking 17． A． ran into B． got overC． left behind D． looked into 18． A． ahead B． away C． off D． out 19． A． immediate B． damagingC． limited D． lasting 20． A． once B． while C． since D． until 21． A． quarreling B． complainingC． talking D． cheering 22． A． Slowly B． SuddenlyC． Finally D． Secretly 23． A． understand B． hearC． see D． remember 24． A． fishing B． sailingC． boating D． swimming 25． A． quietest B． longest C． best D． busiest 26． A． connects B． introducesC． reduces D． commits 27． A． where B． unlessC． as D． whether 28． A． impression B． burdenC． decision D． impact 29． A． asked B． intended C． pretended D． agreed 30． A． solution B． changeC． bite D． surprise 31． A． concerns B． interestsC． conversations D． emotions 32． A． participated in B． worked out C． approved of D． made up 33． A． misuse B． avoid C． tolerate D． test 34． A． unemployment B． challengeC． competition D． retirement 35． A． team B． schoolC． family D． community 第二部分 完形填空 考点 10 记叙类答案 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） 41． A 根据上文中“While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life” 的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知¸此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索(searching)的过 程。planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的”；formal“正式的”。 42． B 根据下文的内容可知¸作者发现了把自己的大学经历( experience)变得更美好的东西。progress “进步”；major“专业”；opinion“意见¸想法¸看法”。 43． C 以前¸作者从没感觉到（自己）有学习（learn）任何手语的强烈欲望。choose“选择”；create “创造”。 44． D 根据上文中的“My entire family is hearing¸and so are all my friends”及下文中的“languages were enough in all my interactions（交往）”可知¸口语对作者所有的（社会）交往来说已经足够了。spoken language“口语”符合语境。official“正式的¸官方的”。 45． A 根据上下文语境可知¸作者不知道自己会喜爱( love)美式手语。concern“关心¸担心¸忧虑”；goal “目标”；request“要求”。 46． C 这个故事( story)始于作者上大学的第一周。meeting“会议”；trip“旅行”；task“任务”。 47． B 根据句中的关键词“watched”可知¸此处指作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演（performed）。 record“记录¸录音”；recite“背诵”；discuss“讨论”。 48． A 手部动作和无需用语言交流的想法( idea)吸引了作者。amount“数额¸数量”；dream“梦想”； reason“原因¸理由”。 49． D 参见上题解析。attract“吸引¸引起……的注意”¸符合语境。disturb“打扰¸打搅”；support“支 持”；embarrass“使……尴尬¸使……难堪”。 50． B 根据上下文语境可知¸作者看到的完全不像自己过去( past)所经历过的任何事情。end“结 尾”,course“过程¸课程”；distance“距离”。 51． D 这种新事物使作者想要（接触）更多。show“展示”；act“表演¸扮演”；want“想要”。 52． B 根据上下文语境和第一段中的关键词“explore”可知¸作者觉得自己有进一步探索(explore)美式 手语的需要。exercise“锻炼¸训练”；express“表达”；explain“解释”。 53． C 根据语境可知¸作者那天只是学会了如何用手语来表示全部字母。print“打印¸印刷”；write “写”；sign“打手语”；count“数数”。 54． A 根据上文的“I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day”可知¸作者并没有对自己缓慢的 (slow)进步感到沮丧。steady“稳步的”；normal“正常的”；obvious“明显的”。 55． C 根据语境¸尤其是上文的“made it a point to”和下文的“and learn all I could”可知¸作者努力做 到参加(attend)这些会议。 chair“主持（会议、讨论等）”；sponsor“赞助¸举办”；organize“组织”。 56． D 根据下文的内容可知¸作者注册参加了一个美式手语课程。miss“想念¸错过”；pass“通过”；give up“放弃”；register for“注册¸选课”。 57． A 根据上文的“The professor was deaf and any talking”可知¸作者所参加的课程的教授是个耳聋的 人¸故任何谈话都是被禁止(prohibited)的。welcome“欢迎¸欣然接受”；ignore“忽视”；repeat“重复”。 58． C 根据上下文的语境可知¸作者很快意识到无声并非不愉快的¸反而 (Instead)¸如果有任何谈话的 话¸会导致（caused）作者他们学习得更少。Lastly“最后¸终于”；Thus“因此”；However“然而”。 59． B 参见上题解析。require“要求”；allow“允许”；expect“期望”。 60． D 根据语境可知¸作者现在非常喜欢这种无声以及它打开的新的(new)沟通方式。easy“容易的”； popular“受欢迎的”；quick“快速的”。 2． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） 41． C 根据下文可知¸他要找的这位女士必须叫 Elizabeth Gallagher¸而且必须持有加拿大护照¸这些都 是赠送机票的限制要求。benefit“益处”；deposit“订金¸押金”；restriction“限制¸约束”；examination “检查¸考试”。 42． B 参见上题解析。25 空后的“passport information”亦是提示。 43． D 根据上文的“his then girlfriend”可知¸他们的男女朋友关系结束了。 44． A 根据语境可知¸这位男士免费赠送票是因为他不想把机票浪费了。 45． A 机票不可转让¸这是民航政策。policy“政策”；order“命令”；payment“付款¸报偿”；schedule “时间表¸计划表”。 46． B 这张机票在预订的时候没有填护照信息。apply“申请”；book“预订”；check“检查”；bargain “讨价还价”。 47． A 任何一个叫 Elizabeth Gallagher 的女士都能使用此机票。 48． C 此处指有了此机票的人可以体验到旅行的快乐。 sacrifice“牺牲”；express“表达”；experience “经历¸体验”；provide“提供”。 49． C 根据下文可知¸他在社交网站上发布免费提供机票的消息。offer“提供¸给予”。 50． B 根据语境可知¸此处指符合条件的对的(right)护照。 51． A 根据语境可知¸更有趣的是¸几百个感兴趣的人把他们的名字改成 Elizabeth Gallagher。 52． D 参见上题解析。 change.to…表示“把……改成……”。 53． D 根据下文提到的有成千上万的邮件可知¸此处指已经完全失控了。out of control“失控”。 54． C 根据语境可知¸世界各地的人发邮件来与他分享他们的旅游故事。 55． B 根据语境可知¸他赠送机票并不期望得到什么回报。look for“寻求¸期待”。 56． D 此处强调这张机票是免费额外得到的。 single“单程的”；strange“奇怪的”；regular“有规律 的”；extra“额外的”。 57． B 免费使用此机票的女士可以选择与他一起旅游¸也可以拿走机票自己旅行。 58． C 此旅行是从纽约市到多伦多。 trip“旅游¸旅行”。 59． A此处介绍机票行程¸12月21日从纽约市出发¸2月8日必须返回多伦多¸因此是结束于多伦多。 end “结束”。 60． D 根据语境可知¸能得到免费机票的女士是幸运的。 honored“光荣的¸尊敬的”；lovely“可爱的”； intelligent“有智慧的¸聪明的”。 3． （2017 北京） 36． B 根据下文中的“her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry”可知¸那个人从垃圾中 寻找食物吃。 37． D 根据上文可知¸Hannah 看到有人在垃圾中寻找食物吃¸又根据下文她的反应可知¸她很难过¸故选 D。 38． C 根据后半句中的“there is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve（解决）the problem of homelessness”可知¸Hannah 想伸出援助之手。help“帮助”。 39． A 根据语境可知¸此处表示一位无家可归的女人推着购物车。push“推动”。 40． D 文中讲¸一位无家可归的女人推着购物车¸购物车中堆满了包裹¸似乎女人的一切都在这些包裹 里。根据语境可知¸此处用 bags。 41． B 看到这些无家可归、缺少食物的人¸Hannah 决心要帮助他们。determined adj． “坚定的¸坚 决的”。 42． A 自从 Hannah 与母亲第一次遇到无家可归的人以来¸她一直与母亲谈论着无家可归的人的生活 状况。根据语境可知¸空处用 since 引导时间状语从句。 43． C Hannah 的母亲告诉她¸如果她做一些事来改变这个问题¸那她就不会感觉这么难过了。根据语境 可知¸空处用动词 feel。 44． D 根据上文的“Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness ill Manitoba and then in other provinces”可知¸Hannah 想传播希望¸提高人们的意识¸从而呼吁人们关注无家可归的人。 spread“传 播”。 45． C Hannah 开始举办“大老板”午餐¸她将试图说服当地商界领袖为帮助无家可归和饥饿的人作贡 献。 host“主持¸作为主人招待”。 46． A 参见上题解析。contribute to“捐献¸为……作出贡献”。 47． A 根据文中的“people donate$20 and wear red scarves”可知¸此处表示一种活动。 campaign“（为 取得某种结果而进行的政治、商业或社会性的）运动¸活动”。 48． B 根据第一段中的“She asked her mother why he did that¸and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry”可知¸此处应用形容词 hungry。 49． C 根据下文可知¸Hannah's Place 给人们提供躲避严寒的地方¸这使她感到骄傲(proud)。 50． B 文中讲¸在严寒时睡(sleeping)在户外意味着死亡。 51． A 由下文的“For example¸she received the 2007 BRICK Award”可知¸别人给予 Hannah 很多肯定 和表扬。 praise。“赞扬¸称赞”。 52． D 2007 BRICK Award 这个奖项认可像 Hannah 一样的年轻人为改变世界而作出的努力。 effort“努 力”。 53． B 此处指“但在她做所有这些事的过程中”¸故用 through。 54． C Hannah 仍然过着普通校园女生的生活¸只是常常去探望无家可归的人。normal“正常的”。 55． D Hannah 是一个通过努力改变世界的年轻人。make a difference“有作用¸有影响”。 4． （2017 江苏） 36． D 根据句中的“heavy instrument cases”可知选择 struggling¸表示“艰难地行进”。 37． D 根据最后一段中的“arrived”可知¸他们到校练习音乐¸选择 tum up“出现¸到达”。 38． A 根据本段最后一句中的“extra early”可知¸他们到校比其他任何人都早¸因此选择 before。 39． C 他发誓要避开音乐¸因为他不喜欢很早到校¸因此选择 avoid。 40． B 根据第二段的内容可知¸本句话与上文有转折关系¸因此选择 However。 41． A 音乐课是学校标准课程的一部分¸因此选择 part。 42． D 由下文可知¸他有音乐天赋¸因此在随意地弹着钢琴时；他发现（慢慢）弹奏乐曲是容易的。 故答案为 D。 43． C 根据下一句中的“pleasure”可知¸他意识到事实上他喜欢弹钢琴。因此选择 enjoyed。 44． B 他试图不让音乐老师看到他那种明显的快乐。obvious 符合句意。 45． D 音乐老师已经踱步到了他的面前来听他弹奏。wander“徘徊¸闲逛¸漫步”¸符合句意。 46． A 他尽力隐藏对音乐的好感¸不想让音乐老师知道。他可能并没有隐藏得很好¸因为老师告诉他他 的（音乐）能力很强。故选 because。 47． A 参见上题解析。ear 在此表示“（学习音乐¸模仿声音等的）能力”。 48． C 老师建议他去乐器室看看是否有吸引他的乐器¸appeal to“吸引”¸符合句意。 49． B 上文提及他弹钢琴¸而这里指他决定给大提琴一个机会¸即试一试大提琴¸因此选择 chance。 50． C 他开始练习拉大提琴时很随意¸因此选择 casually“随意地”。 51． A be committed to doing sth． “尽心尽力做某事”¸符合句意。 52． D 根据第一段可知¸学习音乐当然就意味着他每天早上很早到校。mean“意味着”¸符合句意。 53． B 根据句中的“heavy”可知选择 dragging¸表示“拖”。 54． B 根据文章第一段中的“pityingly”可知选择 pitying¸pitying 表示“同情的¸怜悯的”。 55． C 由文章第一段可知他也曾经有过这样的表情¸而现在他不再有这样的表情了¸因此选择 behind¸ leave...behind 表示“把……抛在后面”。 5． （2017 天津） 16． C 根据下文中的“to make myself feel better”可知¸作者用食物扼杀(kill)自己的坏心情。增加(add) ¸混合(mix)¸分享(share)¸都与语境不符。 17． A 作者担心自己的健康¸为了控制饮食和体重试过许多种节食(diets)的办法。饮料（drinks）¸水果 (fruits)¸菜肴(dishes)¸都不符合语境。 18． D 作者担忧自己的健康问题¸但许多节食办法都没用¸于是觉得对自己的体重(weight)没办法了。 19． C 作者 50 岁的时候¸体重问题更加突出¸严重地(seriously)影响作者的健康。暂时地(temporarily)¸最 近(recently)¸偷偷地(secretly)¸都与语境不符。 20． B 上文说到作者饱受自己体重问题的困扰¸因此这里用形容词 extra 表示“额外的”¸作者决心要开始 甩掉身上多余的肉。 21． A 从选项的词义和搭配看¸这里应该用动词 attended 与 seminar（研讨会）搭配¸表示作者参加了 一个研讨会。 22． B 研讨会的一个领导者讲述自己不仅减重 125 磅¸还为流浪儿童募集了两万五千美元¸这是一个成 功(success)的故事。folk“民谣”¸adventure“历险”¸science“科学”¸都不符合语境。 23． C 作者受到这个领导者的故事的影响(Influenced)¸创立了一个项目。使惊奇（Surprised）¸逗笑 (Amused)¸打扰(Disturbed)¸都不符合语境。 24． A 这是作者创立的一个项目¸因此用名词 project 表示“项目¸方案”¸“project”在下文多处被提 到。 25． D 作者的目标是减重 150 磅并募集五万美元来支持一项开始于 30 年前的旨在结束饥饿的运动¸因 此用 in support of 表示“支持”。in search of“寻找”；in need of“需要”；in place of“代替”。 26． D 把个人的减肥与帮助解决世界问题结合起来¸这让作者觉得这是完美的解决办法¸动词 strike 可 以表示“（以某种方式）给某人留下印象”¸因此选 D。注意动词 strike 的熟词生义¸注意掌握其常见用 法。 27． A As 引导时间状语从句表示“当……的时候”¸这里说的是当作者开始实施自己的减肥计划的时候 ¸又担心这次会遇到(run into)和以前减肥中一样的困难。 28． B run into 表示“遇到”¸与后面的 difficulties 呼应¸表示“遇到困难”。 29． D 上文提到作者的担心¸害怕会遇到先前的那些困难¸因此选 D 表示“害怕”。 30． C While 引导让步状语从句表示“尽管”¸这里表示作者觉得自己这次走在正确的道路(path)上¸ 因此选 C。 31． B 这里表示捐款大量涌来¸flood 在此用作动词表示“涌进”¸符合语境。 32． D这里说的是作者饮食的变化¸吃得少¸而且吃得很健康(healthy)。吃得很多(heavy)¸吃得很饱(full)¸吃 的东西很贵(expensive)¸都不符合语境。 33． A 作者经常锻炼¸regularly 表示“有规律地¸经常地”。 34． B 这里说的是作者一年之后实现(reached)了自己先前设定的目标¸因此选 B。 35． C 作者在这里发出感慨¸自己在减肥的同时做了一件有意义的事：为流浪儿童募捐¸因此选 C。 6． (2016 新课标全国卷Ⅰ) 41． C 由文章的标题 A Heroic Driver 及上下文可知¸Larry 正沿着 165 公路往北行驶(traveling)着。 42． D 根据前面的“Larry works with Transport Drivers¸Inc”可知¸此处表示他将货物运送给一个顾客 (customers)后。 43． C 根据语境可知¸此处填 As 表示当他离得更近一些的时候¸符合语境要求。 44． B 此处的车与前一句的亮着灯的车并不是同一辆车¸故此处指另一辆车¸填 another。 45． A 由后面的 the fire extinguisher（灭火器）和 the fire 可以判断¸此处该填 flames“火苗”。 46． B 根据第二段中的 the wrecked（毁坏的）vehicle 可知¸此处该填 disabled。 disable 可表示“使无 效¸使不能运转”¸此处为过去分词作定语¸表示被毁的车。 47． A Larry 把车停在路边¸拉好手刹¸拿出了灭火器。 get hold of 意为“找到所需要的东西”¸与语境吻 合；take charge of 是“负责¸掌管”的意思¸显然不符合语境要求。 48． D 车灯一直亮着的车的车主走了过来( came over)。 come down“下降¸降低¸被拆毁”；come through“经历……而活着¸安然度过”；come in“进入¸卷入”。 49． C make a call 是固定搭配¸意为“打电话”。此处表示那个男子告诉 Larry 他已经拨打了急救电话。 50． A 就在那时(then)¸他们听到从被毁坏的车里传来一个女人的声音。 51． D 靠近(Approaching)车¸他们看到一个女人正试图从碎了的车窗里爬出来。 52． B 根据下文的“she should not move”可知¸此处表示他们告诉她要保持不动(still)的状态¸直到救 护人员到达。quiet“安静的”；away“不在¸离开”；calm“镇静的”。 53． D 根据语境可知¸此处存在转折关系。故填 but。 54． A 根据后面的“Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move”的安慰 语言以及常识可知¸此处表示但是她认为车子即将要爆炸(explode)了。 55． C 此处表示 Larry 叫她不要动¸以免(in case)伤到脖子。 56． B 由后面的“let them go to work”可知¸当消防人员和救护人员到了后¸Larry 和另一个男子便往 后退(backed off)¸方便他们施救。 57． B 发生了交通事故¸警察应该到场¸且下文“They let him and the other man go”中的“They”指 代本空¸故只能选 B 项。 58． D Larry 问警察他需要留下来还是可以自由(free)离开。 59． A 有一件事情是可以肯定的(for certain)。 60． C 他的努力(efforts)在极大程度上挽救了那个女人的生命。 7． (2016 新课标全国卷Ⅲ) 41． B 文章首句“When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team”提到¸我 13 岁时唯一的目标就是成为学校足球队的明星。结合下文的“Miller King¸who was the best”可推断出 Miller King 是我们学校最出色的足球运动员(player)¸而实现我的目标就意味着打败(beating out)他。 42． D 参见上题解析。 43． A 根据上文的“all summer long I worked out”可知¸此处表示我到哪里都带着足球练习。 44． C 根据本段中的“Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm”可以推断出¸我在 Miller 出院后去 看了他。C 项符合语境。 45． A Miller 出了车祸失去了右臂¸根据常识可知¸这里指 Miller 出院后脸色苍白(pale)¸却没有哭。 46． B 根据下文的“I was named most valuable player”可知¸我被提名为最有价值球员¸故可推断出我 打破(broke)了 Miller 的所有纪录。 47． D Miller 出车祸后不能再像往常一样踢球¸因此只能坐在运动员休息区看(watched)主场比赛。 48． C 空前的“I was named most valuable player”与空后的“I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame”语义间存在转折关系¸故用 but。 49． C 此处指我经常做一些疯狂的梦。在梦中¸我是 Miller 车祸的肇事者。根据上文可知 Miller 出了车 祸¸故这里选 accident。 50． A Miller 由于失去了右臂¸因此独自一人很难翻越围栏。stuck 在此作形容词¸表状态¸指 Miller 无 法翻越围栏¸被卡住了动不了。 51． B 通过本句话即可判断出答案¸要是双臂健全¸翻越这个围栏并不困难。 52． C 我一直梦想打败 Miller¸就在九月前 Miller 出了车祸¸只能坐在休息区看比赛无法上场¸而我却在 场上破了他所有纪录还被提名 MVP¸所以我肯定他最不想接受我的帮助。assistance 符合语境。 53． B 根据上文可知 Miller 接受了我的帮助¸故这里指我帮助(helped)他慢慢翻越围栏。 54． D 在我的帮助下¸我们最终安全地翻越了围栏。 55． A Miller 说我本赛季踢得不错¸故选择 fine。 56． C 这里指 Miller 感谢我临时取代(fill in for)他参加比赛¸故 C 项符合语境。 57． D 这里指 Miller 感谢我的话让我从先前的噩梦中解脱出来。 58． A Miller 身残志坚¸他仍然领先于我。 59． D 与文章首段呼应¸表示我对 Miller 的钦佩和仰慕是正确的。 60． B 从那天起¸我不断地成长¸越加真实。 8． (2016 北京) 36． A 根据下文中的“and knew he had diphtheria”可知¸应填 examine“检查（身体）”¸表示 Dr． Welch 给一个生病的男孩做了检查。 37． B 上文说这种病主要传染给孩子¸下文说如果这种病袭击这个镇子¸因此根据语境¸应选 B¸表示如果 发生这种情况的话¸那么这里的孩子们就会很无助了。helpless 表示“无助的¸无能为力的”。 38． D 上下文语境表示转折含义¸因此选 D¸表示“然而¸可是”¸指可是¸最近的供应物也远在一千多英里 之外。 39． C 下文说用船只送药的方法不可行¸因此这里选 C¸指这个小镇中船只进出的港口已经被冰覆盖。 harbor“港口”。 40． B 根据语境和上文的“full of ice”可知¸这里说的是汽车和马不能在被雪覆盖的道路上行进¸因此选 B 表示“被雪覆盖的”。 41． C 根据下文的“had died”可知¸此处表示在 1 月 26 日之前¸Billy 和其他三个孩子已经死去了。故 用 by 表示“在……之前¸到……为止”。 42． D 这里表示还有 20 个孩子染病了¸因此选 D 表示“生病的”。 43． A 根据语境可知¸此处指小镇的政府官员提出了一个解决方案¸因此选 A 表示“计划¸方案”。 44． B 前面提到道路积雪¸港口冰冻¸且当时还没有喷气式飞机¸因此可排除 A、C、D 三项¸应选 B。下 文的“from the train at Nenana”亦是提示。 45． A 根据语境¸这里应用 carry 表示“运送”¸描述狗拉雪橇运送药品到目的地的动作。 46． C 根据句意¸此处应用 When 引导时间状语从句¸指当第一个赶狗拉雪橇的人把药品交给下一个赶 狗拉雪橇的人的时候¸他的脸由于极度的寒冷被冻得发黑。 47． D 根据下文中“a frozen body of water”可知应选 D 表示“穿过¸穿越”¸指 Seppala 必须要穿过 一片结了冰的水域。 48． C 下文的“Norton Sound was covered with ice…of Nome”描述了这片水域的危险¸因此选 C 表示 “危险的”。 49． D 此处表示如果他掉进了下面的冰水里¸他会死掉¸镇上那些患病的孩子也会因为没有药品而死去。 结合语境判断选 D。 50． C 结合上文的“huge piles of snow blocked”和下文的“He had to leave…get around them”可判断 应选 C¸表示大堆的雪把他的道路阻断了。 51． A 根据上文的“leave the trail(雪橇痕迹)”可知¸这里选 A 表示“找到”¸指环境是如此糟糕以至于再次 找到雪橇痕迹对他来说是不可能的。 52． B 根据语境¸这里用 try to do 表示“试图做某事”¸指 Balto 试图嗅出其他的狗的气味。 53． A 根据下文的“He had found the trail”可知¸此处指 Balto 找到了雪橇痕迹¸于是开始奔跑。故选 A。 54． D 根据上下文可知¸这里说的是 Kaasen 和他的狗到达了 Nome¸因此选 D¸表示“到达”。 55． B 根据倒数第二段的内容可知¸最终药品被安全送到了 Nome¸疾病也得到了控制¸孩子们恢复了 健康¸故此处指这个小镇得救了。因此选 B¸表示“挽救”。 9． (2016 四川) 41． D 根据句中的“She had good grades”以及“but she did not like to read”可知¸Lainey 的阅读能力 已经超过三年级的水平了¸但问题是她不愿意阅读。根据语境可知¸此处用介词 above¸意为“（能力、 水平等）高于¸胜过”。 42． B 根据该句中的关键信息“her Aunt Dede”可知¸空格处用 niece¸意为“外甥女¸侄女”。 43． C roll one's eyes 意为“翻白眼”¸该短语符合语境¸因为 Lainey 不喜欢阅读。 44． A 文中讲到 Dede 阿姨是一位老师。她曾经给班上的学生读过哈利·波特的故事¸大家都很喜欢。 甚至班上最小的孩子也深深地被故事情节所吸引( attracted)o 根据语境可知¸空格处用 Even¸表示“甚 至”。 45． D 参见上题解析。attract 意为“吸引”¸符合语境。Surprise “使感到惊奇”¸annoy“使烦恼”¸ puzzle“使困惑”¸都不符合语境。 46． C 根据上文的“had read the book to her students”可知¸此处表示孩子们都饶有兴趣地听故事。故 空格处用 listened。 47． D 孩子们喜欢哈利·波特的故事¸所以他们满腔热情地参与讨论。enthusiastically“满腔热情地¸热 烈地”符合语境。suspectedly“怀疑地”¸anxiously“焦虑地”¸calmly“沉着地”¸都不符合语境。 48． B Lainey 对哈利·波特的故事不感兴趣¸且第一段中 Lainey 说的“Borrrring”也是提示¸所以此处 用形容词 boring。 49． A 下文中的“there are lots of pictures”暗示此处用名词 pictures。 50． C 结合上文内容可知¸Dede阿姨说Lainey错了¸《哈利·波特》中有插图。所以此处用形容词wrong。 51． A Dede 阿姨说《哈利·波特》中的每一页都有很多的画面¸你只需要阅读文字来想象它们。空格 后的“It's like magic”也暗示答案。see 在此处意为“想象”。 52． A “想得美¸Dede 阿姨”¸Lainey 没好气地回答说。 sourly“闷闷不乐地¸没好气地”¸符合语境。 patiently“耐心地”¸eagerly“急切地”¸shyly“羞怯地¸胆怯地”¸不符合语境。 53． B 上文中的“Nice try”暗示了答案¸此处表示 Dede 阿姨准备好了再次尝试激发 Lainey 对阅读的 兴趣。 54． D Dede 阿姨说如果 Lainey 不喜欢看《哈利·波特》就还给她¸也许 Lainey 的母亲喜欢听故事。give back“归还¸送回”¸符合语境。 55． A 参见上题解析。enjoy doing“喜欢做某事”。 56． B 下文中“Please read a little...”是请求。 request“请求”¸符合语境。decision“决定”¸comment “评论”¸promise“承诺”¸不符合语境。 57． C Lainey 要求读大声些。语境表明此处用 louder。 58． C 上文说 Lainey 不喜欢阅读¸所以此处用 unwilling¸意为“不情愿的”。 unpleasant“使人不愉快 的”¸innocent“无辜的”¸independent“独立的”¸不符合语境。 59． D 结合语境可知¸如果 Lainey 对故事的话题感兴趣¸阅读还是可以令她感到兴奋的。 be excited about “对……感到兴奋¸因……而激动”¸符合语境。 60． A 此处表示把 Lainey 感兴趣的文学作品提供给她时¸她会去阅读¸而且会很激动。present 意为“提 供¸呈现”。concern“涉及¸关系到”¸disturb“打扰”¸replace“代替”¸不符合语境。 10． (2016 天津) 16． D 根据下句话“After years of regular treatment¸she 17 became healthy”可知¸Cathy 小时候身患 重病(illness)。 17． B 根据前半句“After years of regular treatment”可推知¸Cathy 最终(finally)康复了。 18． C 根据空后的“our local swim team”可知¸此处表示她想加入我们当地的游泳队¸故应用 join 表 示“加入”。 19． D 根据下文的内容可知¸此处指女儿最终成功地加入了游泳队。make it 表示“获得成功”¸为固定用 法。 20． A 前句讲到作者的女儿最终成功加入了游泳队¸后文则提及游泳练习很艰苦¸前后句之间为转折关 系¸故应用 however“然而”。therefore“因此”；otherwise“否则”；instead“代替”。 21． B 根据上文可知¸此处指作者的女儿在刚加入游泳队的前几周里几乎不能挺过来(survive)。 22． A 根据上下文的语境可知¸此处指听到女儿咳嗽得厉害¸作者决定把女儿从游泳队里拉(pull)出来¸即 作者不想让女儿继续参加游泳队的训练了。 23． C 根据上文的“wearing her swimsuit”可知¸作者的女儿穿着泳装做好去游泳的准备了。(be) ready to do sth． “准备好做某事”。 24． C 根据上文的“I told her...but she refused to”和下文的“and insisted she go”可知¸此处应用 give up ¸表示作者的女儿拒绝放弃游泳。 25． B 根据上文的“kept swimming”可知¸此处指作者的女儿没有错过(miss) 一次训练。attend“参 加”；ban“禁止”；start“开始”。 26． C 根据上文的内容可知¸此处指作者的女儿内心有一个成为最好的自己的坚定的(firm)目标。rich “丰富的”；weak“虚弱的”；kind“善良的”。 27． B 根据上文¸尤其是第四段的首句可知¸作者的女儿的意志力很坚定。determined“意志坚定的” 符合语境。trusted“受信任的”；experienced“有经验的”；embarrassed“窘迫的”。 28． A 由下文的“often she would be the last swimmer in the race”可推知¸作者的女儿的游泳之路不 是一帆风顺的¸经常会有沮丧(frustration)的时刻。 29． D 根据上文可知¸此处指作者的女儿虽然经常是最后一名¸但要她接受自己不曾成为获胜者(winner) 是很困难的。 30． A 根据下文的“praise their accomplishments”可知¸此处指在决赛颁奖仪式上¸虽然作者的女儿不 指望自己获得任何奖项¸但她仍然待在那儿为朋友们加油(cheer on)。Compete with“和某人竞争”； respond to“对……作出回应”；run after“追赶”。 31． C 根据语境可知¸主教练是在宣布获奖名单¸故应选 announce“宣布¸宣告”。 32． B 本篇文章以 Cathy 的决心和毅力为主线引领全文¸故应用 will“意志力”¸指 Cathy 用她的意志 力和热情激励着我们。 33． A 尽管技巧和天赋能带来巨大的成功¸然而一个人拥有的最有价值的财富是内心。本句前后两部分 为让步关系¸故应填 Although。 34． D 此处指这是作者女儿生命中最重要的时刻¸故应用 moment。下文中的“the hour”也是提示。 35． A 十年来她所经历的一切中¸这是她真正成功的时刻。through“经过（全部的过程或经历）”¸符合 语境。 11． (2015 新课标全国卷Ⅰ) 41． A 【解析】根据上下文内容及选项可知¸这个人应该是失业了。Lose one's job“失业”¸符合语境。 42． C 【解析】在这家商店（外面）这样的情景并不常见。Sight“看见的事物¸情景”¸符合语境。 43． B 【解析】结合语境及选项可知¸这里应该指作者 10 岁的孩子注意到这个在寒风中乞讨的人后作 出了评论。make a comment“欢迎”¸符合语境。 44． A 【解析】根据第一段中“0n the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper”及空后的“in the cold wind”可知¸这个人应该是不得不站在外面的寒风中乞讨¸因此本空填 outside “在外面”。 45． D 【解析】由语境可知¸一进商店¸作者让孩子们为那个乞讨者挑选（pick）他和他的家人可能需 要的物品。 46． C 【解析】这里指这个乞讨者好他的家人会需要的东西。appreciate “欢迎”¸符合语境。 47． D 【解析】根据第四段中的“When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it”知¸作者 17 岁的 孩子提议送给乞讨者一张礼品卡(gift card)。 48． B 【解析】由下文中的“but…well, sometimes 49 from our need instead of our abundance …to do”可知¸作者自己家的钱也不多。Low“不足的”¸符合语境。 49． A 【解析】由上下文语境可知¸这里指从我们的需求中（拿出一些）赠给别人正是我们需要做的 事情。Give“赠送”¸符合语境。 50． D 【解析】参见上题解析。Just“正好¸恰好”¸符合语境。 51． A 【解析】由上文可知¸作者让孩子们为帮助他人做出牺牲¸所以孩子们都宣布(declared)这周他们 可以不要哪些东西¸这样他们可以省下钱为乞讨者买东西。 52． C 【解析】根据第三段的第二句“They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice”可知¸他们给这 个乞讨者购买了一袋食物。 53． B 【解析】收到我们送给他的食物¸他感动得热泪盈眶。watery eyes 表示“泪汪汪的”¸符合语境。 54． B 【解析】作者送给他一张礼品卡¸这样他和家人就可以用卡来买他们可能需要的东西。 Whatever“任何事物”¸符合语境。 55． A 【解析】这次在超市的爱心行动是我们家一次愉快的经历 (experience)。 56． D 【解析】连续几天¸孩子们都在找其他我们可以帮助(help)的人！ 57． C 【解析】根据下句引号里的内容可知¸如果作者那天拒绝为失业者买礼品卡¸事情会以不同的方 式结束 differently“不同地”¸符合语境。 58． D 【解析】这里表示：不行¸我们真没有钱(money)给（他）了。 59． C 【解析】这里表示这次爱心行动不仅帮助了一位处在困境中的兄弟¸也让作者的孩子们尝到了帮 助他人的甜头。in need“在危难之中¸在困难时”¸符合语境。 60． B 【解析】参见上题解析。 12． (2015 北京) 36． A 根据空后的“side by side at the piano”可知¸他们应该是坐 (sat)在一起的。 37． C 根据上文中的“They played jazz music”可知¸这里应该是吵闹的音乐( music)充满了整个房间。 38． B 根据上文中的“made them feel very happy”以及空后的 “their happiness disappeared”可知¸此处 应为转折关系¸故用 however。 39． A 根据下文中的“0ne of their neighbors had written to complain（抱怨）about the sound of the piano” 可知¸这里指一张便条( note)。 40． D 根据下文中的“he couldn't imagine any of them had done that”可知¸管理员认为邻居们都很友善 ( nice)。 41． A 根据上文一位邻居留便条抱怨可知¸他们应该是给邻居们（neighbors）写信致歉。 42． D 根据“we could go”和“in person”可知¸这里是表示“拜访 (visit)每一个人”。 43． A 根据下文中的“party lights”和“the day of the party”可知¸他们是想举办一个聚会( party)。 44． B 根据上文 Dario 的建议可知¸他和母亲都喜欢这个想法( idea)。 45． C prepare sb． for sth． 意思是“为某人准备某物”¸这里指他们为邻居们准备了一些甜点。 46． B 根据下文中的“Some guests brought presents”可知¸最后¸聚会那天到了( arrived)。 47． C 因为是参加聚会¸所以一些邻居带甜点是用来分享 ( share)的。 48． B treat“款待”；present“赠送”；help“帮助”；serve“服务”。present sb.with sth.意思是“赠给某人 某物”¸根据语境¸这里表示 Mrs. Gilbert.给 Dario 的母亲带来了一本书。 49． D 根据下文中的“you might play like this ever night”可知¸这里应该是说 Mrs. Gilbert 当时很担忧 (worried)。 50． D Dario 的母亲认为他们应该向 Mrs． Gilbert 道歉。 owe sb． sth． “欠某人某物”¸符合语境。 51． A 根据上下文语境可知¸这里表示他们当时没有意识到(realize)他们那么晚了还在弹钢琴。 52． D 根据上文中的“Just not so loud”可知¸这些歌曲不是那么吵闹( loud)。 53． C 根据上下文语境可知¸他们将会非常高兴（happy）在晚上弹奏这些音乐。 54． B 因为是新的音乐¸所以 Dario 很期盼练习(practicing)。 55． C 根据下文中的“made him feel that they were home at last”可知¸他们融入了新的生活¸应该有温 暖的（warmth）感觉。 13． (2015 湖北) 31． D 小男孩儿很卖力地在街上跑着卖报纸¸但是仍然有 20 份报纸没有卖出去。因此选 D。 32． B 报纸没卖完¸小男孩儿的心情当然是沉重的(heavy)。 33． A 报纸没有卖完¸那么小男孩儿就只能把剩余的报纸而不是钱拿回家¸故用 instead of 表示“而不 是”。 34． D 根据第 41 空后的“the cake he wanted to buy for his mother”可知选 D¸他要给妈妈买蛋糕。 35． B 想到自己没能把报纸都卖完¸小男孩儿要崩溃了。Break clown 表示“（健康、精神）垮掉”。 36． D 下文中的报童 Chad 给小男孩儿传授了卖报纸的诀窍¸因此选 D 表示“诀窍”。 37． B Chad 给 Jason 传授卖报纸的诀窍¸说报纸上有爆炸性新闻¸此时 Jason 说：“但是报纸上根本没 有这些新闻”。故选 B。 38． A 这里应用 before 引导时间状语从句表示“在……之前”。在他们有时间看（报纸）之前¸你就赶 紧跑开。 39． C 根据空后的“get your money”可知¸此处表示卖完报纸¸因此用 sell out 表示“卖完”。 40． B Chad 告诉 Jason 的卖报诀窍对于 Jason 来说是一种新的想法( idea)¸因此选 B。 41¸C 本空所在部分与前面第 34 空后的“some seeds for his bird”相对应¸给他的鸟买种子¸因此选 C。 42． D 小男孩儿下定决心不能撒谎¸故用 determined 表示“坚定的”。 43． C 从本题的四个选项看¸这里应用 just 表示“仅仅¸只是”¸此处指尽管自己只是个贫穷的报童。 44． A 这里说的是小男孩儿从小受到的教诲¸故用 teach 表示“教导¸教育”。 45． C Jason 像往常一样去办公室取他的报纸¸故用 as usual 表示“像往常一样”。 46． A Chad 面带得意的笑容¸说自己昨天卖了六打报纸。因此选 A。 47． B 除了为自己的（卖报）成绩感到骄傲之外¸Chad 还补充说 Jason 因为不愿意撒谎而没卖完报 纸亏本了。这里用 lose 表示“（使）亏损¸（使）损失”。 48． A 根据空格后面的叙述 A。'其他的报童都在因为 Jason 不撒谎而嘲笑他¸因此选 A 。 49． C 此时从办公室走过来的一位先生听到报童们的话¸很赞赏 Jason 的行为¸因此选 C¸表示“喜爱 地”。bravely“勇敢地”；gratefully“感激地”；modestly“谦虚地”。 50． C 根据下文中的“a well-paid job”可知¸选 C¸此处指 Jason 开始了自己的新工作。 14． (2015 陕西) 26． C 根据文章首句“Dad had a green comb”可知¸此处指作者的父亲会把梳子( comb)交给她¸让她去 清洗这把梳子。 27． D 根据上下文语境可知¸作者是很高兴( pleased)地去做这件事情的。下文的“excitedly”和“…clean his comb was such a pleasure”也是暗示。 28． A 根据上下文语境可知¸此处指这份乏味的工作给作者带来了快乐(joy)。 29． D 根据上下文语境可知¸此处指的是作者打开水龙头 o turn on“打开”¸符合文意。 30． B 根据上下文语境可知¸此处表示父亲会亲切的对着“我”笑（smile）¸然后把梳子放到他的钱包上。 stare “大声说¸喊叫”¸laugh“笑¸发出笑声”¸均不符合文意。 31． B 根据后文中“Dad’s business”可知,两年后父亲开创了自己的事业¸但情况不太好。 32． B 根据后文的“Dad didn’t come home as early and as much as he used to”以及“for placing our family in trouble”可知¸就是那时候¸事情开始变化( change)了。 33． C 根据句意¸作者的母亲和作者很生父亲的气¸因为他把他们的家陷入到困境中。 be mad with 意 思是“对……很生气”¸符合句意。satisfied“满意的”¸delighted“高兴的”strict“严格的”¸均不符合文意。 34． A 根据文意¸随着时间( time)的推移¸我们之间慢慢产生了令人感到不舒服的沉默¸这暗示出家庭 成员之间有了隔阂。 35． B 结合上下文语境可知¸此处指由于父亲的事业慢慢步人了正轨¸在作者 28 岁生日那天¸父亲早早 地（early）回了家。occasionally“偶尔¸间或”¸frequently“经常地¸频繁地”¸rarely“很少”¸均不符合文意。 36． C 根据第一段中的“Good girl¸help Daddy clean it¸0K”可知¸此处指父亲让作者帮助他清洗( clean) 下梳子。 37． B 根据上下文语境可知¸此处指作者接过( took)那把梳子¸然后向洗涤池那里走去。 38． C 根据上文的“Good girl¸help Daddy clean it¸0K”可知¸此处指帮助(helping)父亲清洗梳子。 39． D 这个习惯意味着父亲早早地回到家里¸与母亲和¨我¨一起度过(spend)晚上的时间。 40． C 根据上文的“That routine（习惯）meant.”可知¸此处指这意味着( meant) 一个快乐的和充满爱 的家庭。 41． D 父亲对“我”笑了笑¸小心地( carefully)把梳子放在他的钱包上。firmly“坚决地”¸humidly“匆忙地”¸ casually“随便地”¸均不符合文意。 42． A 但是¸这一次¸“我”注意到一些不同的( different)事情。后文中的“ Dad had aged． He had wrinkles.”也是暗示。 43． D 根据空处上下文的语境可知¸此处表示意思上的转折¸故要用 yet“然而¸但是”。 44． B 父亲的微笑仍然像以前一样令人感到幸福快乐 (heartwarming)。convincing“令人信服的¸有说 服力的”¸cautious“谨慎的¸十分小心的”¸innocent“无辜的¸无罪的”¸均不符合文意。 45． B 从父亲的笑中¸作者体会到父亲是想让自己的家人有好的生活( life)。 15． (2015 四川) 11． B 第一年¸“我”开始给冠蓝鸦喂花生吃¸然后又喂松鼠。start doing sth.“开始做某事”。 12． C 松鼠毫无困难¸直接享用花生。 13． C 几个月过去了¸兔子见“我”没有威胁¸不逃走了。threat“威胁”¸符合语境。 14． A 根据“they were eating out of my hand”可知¸它们都信任“我”。故选 trust“信任¸信赖”。 15． D remember“想起¸记得”。第二年¸兔子记得“我”¸甚至有一只会坐着享用胡萝卜薄片。 16． C 结合空后内容可知¸此处是“我”注意到的现象。notice“注意”¸符合语境。 17． B increasing“不断增加的”。当“我”给冠蓝鸦、松鼠、兔子喂食物的时候¸“我”注意到以前 会跑开的土拨鼠对这种喂食情况越来越感兴趣了。 18． D “我”小心翼翼地伸出一个长长的胡萝卜。下文中的“both munching（津津有味地咀嚼）on carrots”也是提示。 19． A 不久之后¸土拨鼠就坐在兔子旁边¸津津有味地咀嚼着胡萝卜。before long“不久之后”¸符合语 境。 20． A 在几个月后¸咀嚼着( eating)胡萝卜时¸土拨鼠甚至会背朝着“我”。 21． B0nce“有一次”¸此处是介绍“我”的一次经历。 22． A 当土拨鼠转身后¸“我”小心翼翼地( carefully)伸出手¸用手指抓挠她的背。 23． D 第三年¸兔子和土拨鼠回来了。“我”用手指抓挠土拨鼠的背仍然(still)没有困难。 24． A 切胡萝卜片的时候¸“我”一直认为( thought)胡萝卜头看起来像一顶帽子。 25． C So“因此”¸引出结果。因此有一天¸“我”轻轻地将胡萝卜头放在土拨鼠的头上¸看看她会做 什么。 26． B place“放置”。此处指“我”轻轻地将胡萝卜头放在土拨鼠的头上。 27． B 根据下文中的“The next time¸I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures”可知¸“我”轻轻地将胡萝卜头放在土拨鼠的头上时¸土拨鼠没有半点移动( move)。 28． D 只要土拨鼠有一片胡萝卜吃¸她从不管头上的胡萝卜头。 So long as“只要”¸引导条件状语从 句。 29． C 参见上题解析。 bother“费心¸因……操心”¸符合语境。 30． A 根据下文中的“I got a pleasure¸and she had yet another tasty treat”可知¸这是公平的交易 ofair trade“公平交易”。 16． (2015 天津) 16． B 由下文中的¨none of the houses in our price range seemedsatisfactory¨可知¸在我们能支付的 价格范围内没有一所房子令人满意¸故我们的资金有限( limited)。 17． A 句子主语为 0ne agent¸根据生活常识可知¸经纪人为客户推荐房源。recommend“推荐”¸符合语 境。 1 8． C 由下文中的“so we declined”可知¸房价超出了我们的支付能力。beyond our range 表示“超 出我们的支付能力”。 19． A 但是她力劝我们至少看一看。at least“至少”¸符合语境。 20． C 我们最后去看了房¸并第一眼就爱上了它。根据下文对房子的描述¸尤其是“As perfect as it was”可知答案。 21． B 在那所房子中我们感受到了婚姻的温暖和幸福。根据语境可知¸应填 happiness“幸福¸快乐”。 22． D of 为介词¸后跟从句作宾语¸且空处作 like 的宾语¸故用 what。 23． B 根据空后的“far below the asking price”可知¸几天后¸我们出价¸但远远低于要价。make an offer 表示“出价”。 24． D 我们的出价比要价低得多¸但他们并没有嘲笑我们。come across“（偶然）遇见”；look after “照顾”；depend on“依靠”；laugh at“嘲笑”。根据语境选 D。 25． A 他们反而重新要价。此处与上一句形成对比。instead“反而¸却”¸符合语境。 26． C 这次比最初的要价低多了¸但仍远远超过了我们的支付能力。less than 表示“少于¸低于”。 27． B 根据 message 后 that 引导的同位语从句可知¸另一个买家出了更高的价钱。对于我们来说¸这 是个令人失望的 (disappointing)消息。 28． D 即便是这样¸我们决定直接找房东谈。 29． B 我们给出了最后的报价¸仍然(still)要比另一个买家的出价低几千美元。 30． D 我们知道这个情况¸但必须还要试一试。空处前后内容表示转折¸故用 but。 31． D 根据冒号后的内容可知¸此处是他解释卖房的原因。 32． C 他知道我们多么爱这个地方¸并知道我们会感激（appreciate）他们为这所房子付出的多年的 辛苦。 33． A 他意识到把房子卖给我们要损失一些钱¸但这是值得的。loss“损失”¸符合语境。 34． B 他告诉我们把出价与要价之间的差价当作提前的结婚礼物。故选 difference 表示“差¸差额”。 35． A 好心人¸不是陌生人¸只是不曾谋面的朋友。kind“友好的”¸符合语境。 17． (2014 新课标全国 II) 解读：这是一篇感人至深的记叙文¸讲述 Joe 和 Simon 成功登顶后返回途中的惊险遭遇¸他们不屈不 挠、互相支持的精神让人为之振奋。 41． C but 一词说明前后为转折关系¸他们成功到达山顶。 42． A 依据下文得知他们返回途中天气状况恶劣（difficult）． 43． D Joe 和 Simon 都知道如果 Simon 独自继续返回¸他倒可以安全地折返营地。 44． B 参见上题解析。 45． D Simon 决定冒着生命危险用绳子带 Joe 下山． 46． C 就在他们俩下山的时候¸天气更糟糕了¸接着麻烦又来了。go down"下降¸下山" 47． D 参见上题解析。 48． A 因为他们相互看不见也听不见¸Simon 错误地把 Joe 从绝壁上往下送¸结果进退两难。by mistake" 错误地"；by chance"碰巧"；by choice"自愿"；by luck"侥幸"。 49． D Joe 自己爬不回来¸Simon 也不可能有力气把他拉上来。 50． B Joe 的重量正在把 Simon 慢慢地往下拉¸两人处境危险。 51． A 最终在坚持一个多小时后¸在黑暗和寒冷中¸Simon 不得不作出一个决定。 52． C 参见上题解析。 53． B 结果 Joe 摔到了下面的冰缝中。 54． A 依据下文¸Joe 成功从冰缝中爬出来一步步接近营地。manage to do"成功做到"。 55． C Joe 一条腿断了¸不能走¸只能缓慢移动。 56． B 营地距离 Joe 将近一万米远。away"相距" 57． D Simon 早已顺利返回营地。 58． A Simon 想 Joe 坠落悬崖必死无疑 c 59． C 但是 Simon 不想立即离开营地。 60． B 三天后¸Joe 居然爬回来了¸Simon 难以相信这人间奇迹。 18． (2014 山东) 21． C 句意：在护理生病的姐姐的过程中¸她发现自己对医学有浓厚的兴趣。nurse“看护¸护理¸照 顾”。 22． B 参见上题解析。have an interest in “对……感兴趣”。 23． D 句意：她 18 岁结婚¸建立起家庭。start a family”建立起家庭”。 24． A 句意：她说她想成为一名医生。 25． B 句意：不幸的是¸加拿大的医学校不接收女生。unfortunately“不幸地”。 26． D 参见上题解析。accept “接收¸接受¸承认”。 27． C 句意：于是¸她到美国的费城女子医学院学习医学。 28． D 句意：她苦读五载获得医学学位。earn“获得¸挣得”。 29． A 句意：学成之后¸她回归故里蒙特利尔¸建起自己的私家门诊。return“回到¸归还”。 30． C 参见上题解析。clinic“诊所¸门诊”。 31． A 句意：在那儿她又成了一名忙忙碌碌的医生。busy“忙碌的”。 32． B 句意：她做外科手术¸正骨矫形¸还为当地的所有的婴儿接生。find oneself doing sth． “发现 自己在做某事”。 33． C 参见上题解析。set broken bones“治疗骨折”。 34． D 句意：她在蒙特利尔和温尼伯市两处都申请过医师从业证。apply for“申请¸请求”。 35． B 句意：但都遭到拒绝。 36． D 句意：温尼伯内外科医学院想让她在加拿大的医学院完成她的学业。complete“完成”。 37． A 句意：但她不想离开自己的病人去学已经学会了的东西。 38． C 句意：1887 年¸她恳请曼尼托巴立法院为她颁发医师从业证¸同样也遭到了拒绝。从下文中的 “a medical licence was issued to Charlotte”可知应选 issue“发行¸发布¸发给”。 39． A 句意：她继续无证行医直到 1912 年。continue“继续¸使继续”。 40． B 句意：直到 1993 年¸她逝世 77 年后¸才由曼尼托巴立法院为她颁发了行医资格证书。77 years after her death“她逝世 77 年后”。 19． (2014 安徽) 36． A 结合句中的“I had just recovered from a serious illness”以及空后的“might be just what the doctor ordered”可知¸医生指示刚刚康复的病人的自然是“度假期”。 37． B so 后为部分倒装¸将作状语的 off 前置了。正常的结构为：so I went off。go off“离开（尤指 去做某事）”；keep off“远离¸（使）不接近”；drop off“减少¸下降”；knock off“停止某事”。B 项符合 语境。 38． C 到达阳光州（指佛罗里达州）相当疲劳¸但作者还是设法搭乘出租车到达住处并安顿下来。 manage to do sth． 意为“设法做成某事”¸符合语境。 39． D 根据第三段中的“At the end of the day¸she 53 to take me back to my accommodation”可 知选 D。 40． D 外出搭乘的应是“出租车”¸空前的“another”承接上句的“a taxi”。故选 D。第二天上午¸ 作者坐另一辆出租车到购物中心买了一些纪念品。 41． C 根据语境可知¸作者是在购物中心买了几件纪念品之后去一家小餐馆吃午饭。故选 C。 42． B 根据空前的“but”可推知¸小餐馆的桌子都坐满了。故选 B¸occupied“使用中¸有人使用”。 随后作者来到一家咖啡屋吃午饭¸但桌子都坐满了。 43． A 根据第三段首句中的“sat down with the 44 lady and we had a happy lunch together”可知¸ 作者是和对方共用一张桌子。 44． A 根据下文中的“I'm retired”可知¸作者和一位老太太坐一桌。 45． B 根据上下两次出现的 lunch 可知¸此处是用 meal 指代 lunch。故选 B。 46． C 作者已经告诉她作者没有租用小汽车¸也没有意识到搭出租车会是多么昂贵。 47． D 根据下文这位退休的老太太主动提出自己开车送作者¸可见作者是在抱怨搭乘出租车太昂贵。 故选 D。 48． D 根据上文中的“My dear¸don't use any more taxis”可知¸这位退休的老太太提出自己开车送作 者。故选 D。 49． C 作者告诉她¸作者不能给她添这样的麻烦。此处 that trouble 指上句提到的 drive you wherever you wish。故选 C。 50． B 根据下文中的“next morning she was waiting at my apartment”可知¸她问了作者的住处。故 选 B。 51． A at the appointed time 表示“在约定的时间”。第二天早上¸老太太在约定的时间来到作者的住 处¸要带作者去迪斯尼世界。 52． B 根据语境¸老太太把作者送到迪斯尼世界后¸先陪游了一会儿¸然后离去了。故选 B¸表示“探 索¸考察”。 53． C 根据上句中的“She spent some time with me before leaving me to 52 alone”可知¸老太太中 途离去了。所以在一天结束的时候她又返回来接作者回住处。故选 C。 54． C 根据空后的“but she refused to take any”可知¸作者主动提出给老太太钱。故选 C。 55． D 老太太帮助作者¸这是善举(kindness)。作者永远不会忘记这位好心的女士¸她通过自己的善举 ¸让作者在佛罗里达的短暂假期充满了美好的回忆。 20． (2014 湖北) 31． D 根据下文中的"We entered the park"可知¸作者在这个国家公园的入口处看到了招聘广告¸因此 选 D 表示"入口（处）"。 32． C 作者在这里注意到招聘广告¸而不是作者"赞助、出版、回答"广告¸因此选 C。 33． B 这里说的是招聘广告提出的招聘待遇¸因此选 B 表示"不收费的"。 34． A 空前说雇主给这个职位的待遇¸空后说公园管理员的职责是在来公园的游客和护林人之间建立 纽带关系¸由此判断选 A 表示"作为（对……的）回报"。 35． D 根据第四段最后两句可知¸作者与雇主约定(made an appointment)第二天去应聘。 36． A 根据空后的"so it took us some time to find an available site"． 可知¸公园里人很多¸因此选 A 表 示"拥挤的"。 37． B 作者一家刚吃完晚饭¸作者的妻子就看到两只大臭鼬朝他们的饭桌走来¸他们就马上爬到桌子上。 因此选 B 表示"立即¸马上"。 38． B 结合语境可知¸作者一家爬到桌子上是为了等这两只大臭鼬离开。 39． C 那天晚上一切安然无事¸于是作者一家相信其他方面也没问题¸因此选 C 表示"自信的"。 40． A 这里说的是雇主告诉作者一家要做的事¸因此选 A 表示"职责¸责任"。 41． D 语境表明此处表示转折¸一卜文说作者一家在公园的第一夜和第二天找工作都很顺利¸下文说 到这里恶劣的环境¸因此选 D 表示转折关系。 42． A 根据下文中的"They were strong¸the winds died away． "可知选 A¸表示峡谷里的狂风。 43． A 根据语境判断选 A¸用 shaking 表示"摇动¸（使）颤动"。作者一家人在车上躺着¸人随着卡车在 晃动。 44． C 这里表示在那次狂风之后的几个星期。During 表示"在……期间"。 45． C 作者一家人学会了在卡车上求生存¸并且学会了就靠他妻子代课赚的一点儿钱过日子。live on 表示"靠（……钱）生活"。 46． B 结合语境可知¸此处表示妻子代课赚到的一点儿钱。 47． C 结合下文中的"I might lose my family""We had become a family"可知¸family 是本文的主题¸因此 选 C 表示"家庭"。 48． B 根据文章开头的"our restaurant business failed"可知¸这里说的是作者的生意失败后的那段时间。 49． A 上文提到作者一家人就在这个公园里¸住在自家的卡车上¸下文说他们读书、交谈¸因此选 A¸这 些都是在卡车上发生的事情。 50． D 作者此时感激所有的磨难¸这增强了家庭的凝聚力。 21． (2014 陕西) 26． A 根据文意¸此处表示我和我的儿子正准备离开(leaving)时。 27． D 根据下文中的"what had happened to the elderly couple"可知¸此处表示"一位老妇人"。 28． A 根据下文中的¨the elderly couple"以及"We gave the flower to the woman's husband¨可判断出¸ 当时那位老妇人和她的丈夫( husband)在一起。 29． D 根据句意¸许多人停下来帮助他们¸显然这是很幸运的¸故 fortunately"幸运地"¸符合文意。选项 中 specifically"特定地¸专门地"；particularly"特别地"；interestingly"有趣地"¸均不符合文章的意思。 30． C 根据句意¸当我们走向这个事故现场时¸我的儿子 Tenyson 对这对老夫妇所发生的事情变得很担 心。在时间状语从句中¸表示"当……时候"¸同时从句中使用进行时¸要用 while 引导从句。 31． D 根据句意¸表示¨对……担心"¸要用 be worried about。而 guilty"有罪的¸内疚的"；curious"好奇 的"；angry"愤怒的"¸均不符合语境。 32． B 根据句意¸他对我说¸所以要用 say to sb． 。 33． C 根据语境¸此处表示"在众人面前摔倒"¸表示"每一个人"¸要用 everyone。 34． D 根据句意¸为什么我们不给那位老妇人买一束花呢？这可以让她感觉好一些。下文的"I 38 take your money"也是暗示¸我们去"买"花。 35． A 根据句意¸对于他的这种想法我很吃惊(amazed)。Shocked "震惊的"；puzzled"疑惑的"；concerned" 关心的"¸均不符合语境。注意 shocked 与 amazed 的意思¸前者语气更强烈¸因为 shocked 更强调短时间 的冲击性¸而 amazed 更强调其不可思议性。 36． B 根据语境¸作者认为儿子的这个想法是令人愉悦的。sweet 有"温柔的¸令人愉悦的"之意。wise" 聪明的"；innocent"无罪的"；crazy"疯狂的"¸均不符合语境。 37． C 根据句子的结构来判断¸此处是一个宾语从句¸从句中缺少一个宾语¸故要用 what 。句意：所 以我们走过去告诉卖花者我们想要的花。 38． B 根据上下文语境可判断出¸由于我们做的是一件美好的事情¸卖花者就不可能收钱了¸故要用 can't。 39． D 表示"一件美好的事情"¸故选 deed¸意思是"行为¸事迹"。 40． B 根据句意¸此时有医务人员在照顾(look after)着那位受伤的老妇人。 check with"跟……相符合¸ 跟……联系"；operate on"给……做手术¨；pray for"为……祈祷"¸均不符合语境。 41． A 根据句意¸表示"来自我的儿子"¸另外下文的"who it was from"也是暗示。故要用介词 from。 42． D 根据句意¸你有一位了不起的（wonderful）儿子。wonderful 意思是"了不起的"。 respectful"尊 敬的"；cheerful"快乐的¸高兴的"；successful"成功的"¸均不符合文章语境。 43． B 根据句意¸那位老妇人不顾自己所受的重伤¸抬起头。表示"不顾¸不惜"¸要用 regardless of。而 out of"出于"；thanks to"多亏"；as to"至于¸关于"¸均不符合语境。 44． A 根据句子的语境可以判断出¸那位老妇人眼睛中流露出爱(love)的表情。 45． C 根据句子的语境可以判断出¸那位老妇人给我儿子一丝微笑( smile)。 22． (2014 江西) 36． C 对于学生来说¸没有家庭作业的时候是最轻松的。故用 homework。 37． A 根据后文提示可知父亲正在睡觉。 38． B James 的情绪反映在脸上¸妈妈一眼就看得出来。 39． B 由上文的信息"James asked sadly"可知¸James 快要哭了。 40． D 此处是妈妈在安慰孩子¸"我知道这对你来说很难"。 41． A 由上文的"a little． ． ． strange"可知用 strange。 42． A 由上文中的"my neck has been so painful"可知¸用 headache 。 43． D 由下文中的"He really needs a rest"可推知¸父亲身体不舒服。故用 well。 44． B James 显然是在向妈妈提条件。故用 If。 45． C 他"找到了"(found)他需要的东西。 46． C 机器出了故障¸肯定需要"修理"(repairs)。 47． B 由上文的"With a smile of"可知¸James 心里很"满意" (satisfaction)。 48． D 根据下文的回答可知¸James 对自己很有信心¸所以用"自豪地"。 49． A 此处指"调"(adjusted)松一点。 50． C 你能"帮助"(help)你父亲吗？ 51． A 他把他父亲脖子后的头发撩起来。lift up"撩起来"符合语境。 52． B 因为是机器人¸所以要打开电源。 53． D 父亲"坐起来"(sat up)了。 54． C 电池的电量定得太低。故用 battery 。 55． D 由语境可知此处指"接受"(accept)。 23． (2013 北京) 36． C 通过翻译¸可以判断小女孩训练很刻苦¸故选 train 训练。 37． A 通过翻译¸根据前后句意思可以判断出为因果逻辑¸故选 since 表因为。 38． A 通过翻译¸可知小女孩经常看重影或者无法判断物体的远近¸而 guess 猜、assume 假定、predict 预测均无此意¸tell 可以表示辨别出、判断出、说出的意思¸如 It’s hard to tell who is who 很难辨别出谁是 谁。 39． D 通过翻译¸可知妈妈注意到小女孩胆量很大¸无所畏惧¸所以选 noticed 注意到。 40． B 通过翻译¸可知小女孩视力不好¸无法很好的看东西¸所以选 well 41． B 体操本身属于运动¸且下文重复出现过 do the sport。 42． C 通过翻译¸可知对于小女孩来说¸学习体操肯定和其他同学不一样¸因为她的眼睛问题。而 boring 无聊、enjoyable 享受、unsatisfactory 不满意均意思不合理。 43． D 通过翻译¸可知此处应该填小女孩的病症¸talent 才华、quality 素质、nature 天性都不合适¸而 condition 可以有 health condition 身体健康状况¸所以选 condition¸且上文明确提过这个病是一个 rare condition。 44． C 通过翻译¸可知对于小女孩最大的难处、最大的挑战就是平衡木。 45． D 通过翻译¸可知小女好的意思是“你要相信你的直觉或你的心灵¸它可以把你带到你想要去的地 方”¸且全文结尾的“just believe yourself”也是很好的复现。 46． A 通过翻译¸可知想要成为顶级的体操选手¸必须勇敢¸大多数人可能最害怕的就是平衡木¸因为平 衡木只有四寸宽。根据 brave 可以推出 fearful。 47． C 通过翻译¸可知小女好没有掉下来¸而 fall off 意为“从…掉下来”。 48． B 通过翻译¸可知小女孩不想自己因为眼睛不好的原因而得到区别于队友的不同对待。greet 问候、 served 服务、paid 付、花¸意思均不符合。 49． D 通过翻译¸可以裁判们不知道小女孩的视力有问题。pain 痛苦、stress 压力、injury 身体受损¸视 力不能痛苦、不能压力¸视力软性的看不见摸不着的东西¸不是身体的部分¸不能选 injury¸而 problem 可 以泛指一般的所有的问题¸所以选 D。 50． A 通过翻译¸可知全文体现的是小女孩积极的态度¸所以选 positive 积极的。 51． B 通过翻译¸可知小女孩不想退出¸她现在的水平是 7¸最高级别是 10¸而她的目标是 9。所以选 quit。 52． D 通过翻译¸选 goal 目标¸表示她想要达到的程度。 53． C 通过翻译¸可知小女孩想要在她长大的时候成为一名体操教练¸把她的所学传授给其他孩子们。 before 在…之前、until 直到¸均意思不对¸as 可以表示“当”¸但强调伴随¸翻译成“随着”¸后面往往跟进行时 态¸而句子意思是“当她长大的时候”¸所以选 when。 54． A 通过翻译¸可以轻松选出 proud of 骄傲自豪。 55． B 通过翻译¸可知小女孩给大家的建议就是“相信自己就好”¸所以选 advice。 24． (2013 新课标全国 II) 16． A 街上的人都知道他。A 了解¸知道…· 的情况；B 向…·学习；C 为…·加油；D 照顾。故选 A。 17． D 根据第六段话 Many New Yorkers know him 可知¸尤其是穷人们¸对他很熟悉。故选 D。 18． B 那些穷人叫他“Gloves”Greenberg¸它是怎样获得这个称号的呢？故选 B。 19． B 他看起来和其他人一样¸穿西装提公文箱¸但和别人不一样。根据 but 可知表转折¸故选 B。 20． AMr． Greenberg 不像其他纽约人一样¸其他人是看看人行道¸然后就穿过马路。而 act 表示“行为”¸ 故选 A。 21． Cwho look…引导非限制性定语从句¸先行词为 other New Yorkers¸其他纽约人的做法是看一下人行 道¸接着驶过马路。A 穿过；B 沿着…开；D 远离；故选 C。 22． B 根据下一句可知¸Mr． Greenberg 环顾四周¸看有没有没戴手套的人¸故选 B。 23． D 当看到有人没戴手套时¸他就会停下来。故选 D。 24． C 根据 looking for more people 可知¸Mr． Greenberg 继续前行¸寻找没带手套的人。短语 hold up 举起¸支撑¸耽搁；hang out 闲逛；move on 继续前进；turn around 转身¸好转。故选 C。 25． A 他沿街发放手套¸他寻找的肯定是手冻僵的人¸故选 A。 26． Csearch for 搜寻¸寻找；store up 储存；give away 分发；put on 穿上。在冬天里¸他发放手套¸故选 C。 27． D 他冬天发手套¸过了冬天就买手套¸以备冬天发放。故选 D。 28． Bsend sb sth 寄给某人某物¸认识他的人都会给他寄去手套¸结果¸他的公寓里就有了很多手套¸故选 B。 29． C 他是 21 年前开始做这件事的¸begin doing 开始做¸故选 C。 30． A 根据下一句可知¸知道他的人¸都理解他的行为。A 理解；B 不喜欢；C 研究；D 原谅。故选 A。 31． D 根据上一句可知¸不知道他的人¸会不理解他所做的事情。A 为……感到遗憾；B 对……感到满意；C 为……感到自豪；D 对……感到惊讶。故选 D。 32． D 那些不理解的人没意识到他只是让他们那些穷人快乐¸根据最末一段 it made everyone happier 可 知¸此处填 happy。故选 D。 33． B 乐于助人的精神在 Mr． Greenberg 的家庭相传¸根据下一句可知¸父亲对他有很深的影响。故选 B。 34． C 他的父亲相信¸乐于助人让每个人更快乐¸他也这样认为¸故选 C。 35． A 一双手套或许微不足道¸但是在冬天就会有很多不同了。本句表转折让步¸突出 Mr． Greenberg 的无私奉献精神¸故选 A。 25． (2013 山东) 解读：作者以前是一个以自我为中心的人¸但是作者的一些经历教会了她如何关心别人。 36． B 作者以前是一个以自我为中心的人¸但是现在变了。以自我为中心的人总是先为自己考虑¸既然 现在变了¸就会先考虑别人¸所以填 before。 37． C 作者以前以自己为中心¸现在知道考虑别人了¸所以她与以前的自己不同了¸故选 different。 38． D 根据下文可知¸作者讲述了自己是何时开始改变的¸所以填 change。 39． C 根据上文的 Palomar College 和动词 get 可知¸此处应选 degree"学位"。 40． A 作者自以为比任何人都聪明¸所以几乎不与班里的任何人"交谈"。 41． B 根据下文的"好像除了我之外其他人都交了朋友¸他们都很愉快"可知¸作者没交到朋友¸所以感 到"孤独"。 42． C 作者感到孤独¸所以就开始尝试一个试验。根据语境可知应填 experiment。 43． B 作者开始询问周围的人¸如果有困难¸她会提供帮助。 44． D 作者以前几乎从不和班里任何人交流¸而现在却主动询问别人有什么困难需要帮助¸这对她来 说是一大"步"¸所以填 step。 45． C 分析语境和句子结构可知¸空处用来指代前面的 several new friends¸所以填 them。 46． A 作者从几乎不和班里任何人交流到主动询问别人有什么困难¸是否需要帮助¸是"态度"的转变。 47． A 根据下文可知¸这位老太太把作者当成自己的女儿¸她使作者明白让别人感觉好也会使自己感 觉好¸作者把她当成了"朋友"。 48． B 由于老太太见到作者以为见到了自己的女儿¸所以她感到"高兴"。 49． C 根据下文的"我代替了她的位置"可知¸她的女儿从未来"看望"过她。 50． D 老太太让作者明白了让别人开心也可以使自己开心。其余三项的意思是"解释"、"猜测"和"宣 布"¸都不符合语境。 51． B 老太太把作者看做是自己的女儿¸作者也把老人看做是朋友¸所以老太太去世¸作者很"伤心"。 52． C 作者以前只知道为自己考虑¸现在知道了关心别人¸所以同以前相比¸作者好多了。 53． A 作者希望自己不会"忘记"这些经历。其余三项的意思是"面对"、"改善"和"分析"¸都不符合语境。 54． D 这些经历教会了作者要去关心他人。 55． B 作者喜欢现在的自己。其余三项的意思是"想念"、"疑惑"和"期望"¸都不符合语境。 26． (2013 湖北) 31． C 从语境的叙述看¸这只小老鼠在窗户上哈气¸然后把窗户擦亮¸他满怀希望地想¸或许今天会有人 来。这里用 hopefully 表示"充满希望地"¸符合语境。 32． D 根据下文的"It needed a family"可知¸这里表示这个农舍空太久了¸没有人住¸因此选 D。 33． C 下文说他意识到自己从昨天起就没有吃东西了¸因此选 C¸Zigfried 的肚子饿得咕咕叫。 34． A 根据第 38 空后的"as he filled his bag with wheat"可知¸他从自己的窝里拿起一个袋子就跑到隔 壁的农民迈克家去了。 35． B 迈克家一直是 Zigfried 的天堂¸直到迈克娶了老婆¸而他的老婆养了一只猫。根据语境可知选 B¸用 until 表示"直到"。 36． C 一想到迈克家的那只猫¸Zigfried 就（害怕得）浑身发抖。 tremble"颤抖¸发抖"¸符合语境。 37． D 这里用 steal( into)体现出 Zigfried 的小心翼翼：他一边谨慎地环顾四周¸一边悄悄地溜进存放谷 物的房间。 38． B 根据语境可知¸Zigfried 在往袋子里装小麦的时候很紧张。 39． C 就在 Zigfried 转身准备离开的时候¸他突然感觉到耳边有很热的呼吸。这里用 feel¸表示"感觉"。 40． D 猫就在 Zigfried 旁边¸因此他的心狂跳不止¸选 D。wildly"失控地¸紊乱地"¸符合语境。 41． A Zigfried 赶紧逃窜¸他幸运地从那只猫的爪子下逃脱了。escape"逃脱¸摆脱"¸符合语境。 42． C 既然是要搬来这里居住的人家¸那么应该选 C¸表示"新来的"。 43． A 语境表示 Zigfried 的奶奶要来跟他一起庆祝圣诞节。因此选 A¸celebrate 表示 "庆祝"。 44． D 这里用介词 up 表示"顺着¸沿着"：一辆车沿着通往这个房子的路开过来了。 45． A 这个房子因为有人搬入而变得热闹起来。come alive "热闹起来"¸符合语境。 46． B 句中的 them 指代前面提到的 days¸此处表示小老鼠在{这几天里每刻都过得很快乐。enjoy 表 示"喜欢¸享受"¸符合语境。 47． A 从下文的叙述可知¸此处表示转折关系¸故用副词 However¸表示"可是¸然而"。 48． D 这家原先没人居住¸Zigfried 总是挨饿¸而现在他在自家门口喝着热巧克力饮料¸当然会觉得满足 ¸因此选 D 。 49． B 这里用 discussion 表示这些孩子在七嘴八舌地讨论他们圣诞节会收到什么礼物。 50． B 听说这家的孩子圣诞节会得到只猫¸Zigfried 脸上的笑容一下子僵住了。这里用 smile 与第 48 空 后的 smile 相呼应。 27． ( 2013 陕西) 26． A 为了庆祝我们考试的结束¸我们去了一家快餐店。我们点了(ordered)汉堡包和可口可乐。 27． A 由于上文中提到了汉堡包和可口可乐¸故此处指我们的食物(food)端上来了。turn"轮到的机会" ¸bill"账单"¸menu"菜单"¸均不符合语境。 28． B 不幸的是¸"我"钱包的带子挂在了椅子上面。短语 get caught 在此处的意思是"被挂住"。 29． C "我"手上的托盘也就从( from)我的手上滑出去了。 30． B 此时托盘以及托盘中的东西也就落( fell)到了一个人的身上。 31． A 那个人刚要吃他的三明治。短语 take a bite of…意思是"吃一口……"¸符合语境。 32． C 由于饮料浸湿了那个人白色的衬衫¸所以"我"盯着他¸感到很震惊( shocked)。 33． D 由于害怕¸"我"闭上(closed)眼睛¸等着他的愤怒爆发。 34． C 参见上题解析。anger¨愤怒¨¸符合语境。 35． B 但是那个人只说了一句"It's 0K"来安慰（comfort）我¸然后去了洗手间。satisfy"满足"¸encourage" 鼓励"¸praise"赞扬"¸均不符合语境。 36． C 根据语境可知¸此处表示"我"不知道接下来要做些什么(what)。 37． C 我们坐在一张桌子旁¸尽力让我们看着冷静( calm)下来了。mild"温和的"¸honest"诚实的"¸ modest"谦虚的"¸均不符合语境。 38． B 过了一会儿¸那个人从洗手间出来¸向我们的桌子走来。approach"接近¸靠近"¸符合语境。 39． A 由于害怕被责备¸"我"的心脏几乎都要停止跳动 ( beating)了。 40． C 根据此句后面的 call him 可知¸"我"认为那个人会给"我"父亲打电话¸所以将向"我"要父亲的电 话号码(number)。 41． B 根据文章中的 To my surprise 可以判断出¸那个人的表现与"我"所想的不一致。他仅仅对着我们 笑了笑¸给了我们一些钱¸让我们再买( Buy)一些新的汉堡包。 42． D 根据语境¸他没有吃完就离开了。walk away 意思是"走开¸离去"¸符合语境。 43． D 他本来可以使这种糟糕的情况变得更糟糕¸但是(but)他却选择了一种不同的方式。 44． A 那个人让我们相信了世界上还有友善(kindness)的存在。 45． A "我"当然不会忘记(forget)那个人的行为。refuse"拒绝"¸oppose"反对"¸ignore"忽视"¸均不符合语 境。 28． (2013 辽宁) 36． C would 表示过去常见的情况¸意为"总是¸老是"¸这里是说这位小女孩常常在自己家的小花园里面 玩耍。 37． B 虽然她很爱她的父母和家庭¸但是她渴望能住在这样的房子里面。although"虽然¸尽管"¸在此引 导让步状语从句。这样的房子是指她看到的对面山上的那个有着 金闪闪窗子的漂亮房子。 38． A 与前面的动词 desired 并列¸并且符合语境的只有 A 项¸即这个小女孩梦想着住迸那房子的美妙 感觉¸空后面都是她梦想的内容。 39． C 此空所填词应该能够代替 to live there 这个不定式短语¸所以选 C 项¸此处 it 作形式主语。她梦 想着住在那里一定会很美好、很兴奋。 40． D 此空所填的词应该同时修饰 skill 和 sensibility¸结合文意可知应选 D 项。 41． A 等到她获得了基本的技能和识别力的时候¸她开始恳求妈妈让她在花园外骑自行车。beg sb． for sth． "向某人恳求做某事／获得某物"。 42． B 下文提到她离开了自己的家来到了梦寐以求的那个房子里¸据此可知这里她应该是在花园外面 骑车。 43． A 空后面的内容是母亲的要求¸母亲最后允许她在花园外骑自行车¸但是坚持要求女儿在家附近 骑车。 44． C 前文出现了"for a bike ride"¸下文也有 rode 等关键词复现¸故此处表示母亲坚持要求女儿不要骑 得太远¸要在靠近自己家的地方骑车。 45． C 与前文小女孩的梦想相呼应¸这里应该选择 C 项¸这个小女孩心里很清楚自己在往哪个方向骑¸ 到花园外骑车只是借口¸她真正的目的是看看那所心目中美好的房子。 46． B 文章第一句交代了女孩家住在小山之上¸那么她要穿越山谷必然要下山。故选 B。 47． D 由下文中的"put it against the gate post"可知 D 项正确。她骑车来到了那个房子的大门口。 48． B 空后面的动词短语 got off 表示的是瞬间动作¸所以不能选择 while¸ while 从句中的动词应该是 延续性的。as 在此表时间¸引导时间状语从句¸意为"当……的时候"。 49． C 此处应是现在分词短语作 path 的定语¸C 项符合语境。lead to"通往¸通向"。 50． D 结合语境可知¸那个女孩发现所有的窗户都很脏¸故选 D。 51． C 该空所填内容应与"rather dirty"并列¸故填 plain"普通的"。当她发现所有的窗户都很普通并且相 当脏的时候她感到非常失望。 52． D 所填词与 heart-broken 应是同义词¸并且与上段女孩的心情保持一致¸所以选 D 项¸即女孩很伤 心并且心都碎了。 53． A 只有转身才能看到自己家的方向¸才能看到自己家的房子¸所以选 A 项。 turn around"转身"。 cheer up"振奋起来"；settle down"定居下来"；drop in"顺便拜访"。 54． D 此空所填词应该能够作动词 see 的宾语¸能够看到的当然是 sight"风景"。女孩转过身突然看到 了令人惊叹的风景。下文有对她所看到的风景的描述。 55． C 下文描述的是女孩的心理活动¸看到自己的小家¸她突然意识到她一直住在充满爱和关怀的金闪 闪的房子里面。 29． (2013 浙江) 21． B 我在申请信中小心翼翼地表达( express)了我非常想去法国的想法。discuss"讨论"¸announce"宣 布"¸argue "争辩"¸均不符合语境。 22． B 一知道(knew)我要去（法国）¸我能想到的就都是异国之旅的乐趣和交各种有趣的新朋友。 approve"赞成"¸warn"警告"¸deny"否定"¸均不符合语境。 23． D 根据语境可知¸此处表示交有趣的( interesting)新朋友。stubborn"固执的"¸anxious"焦虑的"¸ universal"全世界的"¸都不符合语境。 24． C 从 inspiring 可以推知¸此处表示"结识朋友是令人兴奋的事情"¸故用 exciting。boring"乏味的"； upsetting"令人心烦意乱的"；promising"有前途的"。 25． A 此处表示"除了旅行和结交朋友以外¸其他都不是我所预料的"¸故用 expected。 26． C 我到达巴黎的时候¸一对友善的法国夫妻来接我。所以用 greet¸意为"迎接¸招呼"。sponsor"赞 助"witness"目击"¸support"支持"¸都不符合语境。 27． A 我的整个旅程都是快乐的¸令人激动的¸直到我从项目协调人那得知了一个令人震惊的消息。 until"直到"符合语境。 28． A 从上下文知¸由于我住的那家法国人的家中出现了变故¸所以我将不得不搬到另一家去住¸故用 move¸意为"搬迁¸搬家"。travel"旅游"¸walk"走路"¸rush"奔¸冲"¸都与语境不符。 29． C 从下文"share a bedroom"可推知¸我将会和一个室友一起住¸所以选 roommate。 30． C 为了避免说母语¸我要求不要把我安置在也是讲英语的室友的房间里 c 所以用 speak¸意为"讲 （某种语言）"。 31． D 参见上题解析。combine"结合"¸fit"适合" involve"参与"¸都不符合语境。 32． B 我跟一个巴西人住在一起¸所以我先要自我介绍¸故用 introduced。add"增加"¸devote"致力"¸ adapt"适应"¸都不符合语境。 33． A 我们知道在法国剩下的日子里我们将成为好朋友。 25 空前的 term 也是线索提示。 34． C 我带着很多故事(stories)离开了法国。present"礼物"¸suitcase"手提箱"¸dream"梦想"¸都与语境不 符。 35． A 听我谈论我的巴西朋友的时候¸他们都感到很吃惊( surprised)。 36． B 从上下文可知¸此处表示¨周末我们一起去探索（exploring）法国"。analyze"分析"¸describe"描 述"¸investigate"调查"¸都不符合语境。 37． D 人们看起来是多么不同¸但最终却又如此相似。此处用 can 表示一种可能性。 38． C 参见上题解析。此处表示转折¸similar"相似的"¸符合语境。 39． B 根据语境可知¸这里是 not just． ． ． but． ． ． "不仅……而且……”的结构¸表示递进 关系¸所以选 B。 40． B 通读全文可知¸作者最终获得了珍贵的友谊¸这也是他认为法国之旅中最宝贵的经验和财富¸所 以用 friendships。 30． (2013 江西) 36． D 根据上文中的"completely self-centred and very spoilt"． 及下文中的"she would throw a temper tantrum（耍小孩脾气）if they did not"可知¸Diane Ray 要什么¸她的父母就给什么。所以此空填 everything。 37． B 根据空后的"on the floor drumming her heels"可知¸此空应填 lie。 38． C 根据语境可知¸她的父母会满足她的任何要求。故 give in"投降¸屈服¸让步"符合语境。 39． A 根据下文中的"wearing an expensive swim suit"和"They were back at the beach-house"可知¸Diane Ray 一个人在沙滩上玩耍。 40． C 结合语境和选项可知¸Diane Ray 大发脾气¸她的父母才给她买了这件昂贵的泳衣。get sb． to do sth． 意为"使某人做某事"。 41． B 根据上下文内容可知¸此处应用 recovering． 表示"恢复"。 42． A 根据第二段首句中的"That was why she was alone"． 可知答案。 43． D 因为她的父母不让她独自去海里游泳¸所以她责怪父母不让她玩得尽兴。have fun 意为"玩得开 心"。 44． B Diane 不知道那个男人在那里¸直到他开口说话 not…until…意为"直到……才……"¸符合语境。 45． C 根据倒数第二段中的"0h¸why had she not listened to advice?"可知¸这个人建议她今天不要游泳。 46． A mind one's own business 是固定搭配¸意为"少管闲事"¸符合语境。 47． B 那个人告诉 Diane¸如果她去那儿¸她会后悔的。根据倒数第二段的最后一句话"0h¸ why had she not listenedto advice?"可以得知答案。 48． D 结合语境和选项可知¸此处应用 happily。 49． B 根据后文中的"Salt water hit against her face" 可知¸Diane 在海水中游得越来越困难了。 50． A 根据上文中的"it became harder to 49 against the current（水流）"可知¸Diane 感到呼吸变得 越来越难了。 51． D 根据语境可知¸Diane 感到恐慌¸她开始尖叫。 52． A 根据选项和语境可知此处应用 calm。 53． B 当听到有人来救她时¸Diane 松了一口气。with relief 意为"松了一口气"。 54． C Diane 让他们俩都处于危险之中。 55． D 根据上文中的"she saw the old man rowing an ancient． looking boat towards her"可知¸此空应填 boat。 31． (2012 山东) 36． B 连词 But 表示转折¸说明前面所说的我们中间大部分人认为的不是实际情况¸因此此处用 truth¸ 表示"事实"。 37． D 根据常识可知¸可先排除 B 项¸因为德国是发达（developed）国家¸选项 D"富裕的"符合语境。A 项"传统的"和 C 项"典型的"都不符合语境。 38． C 根据下文提到的"Kurt and his wife stayed at home． made sandwiches"及"gave food to the homeless"可知¸此处指他们为那些无家可归的人做饭。 39． A 本句中的 first 很关键¸而 one long hot summer 是时间状语¸所以用 began¸表示他们"开始"做慈 善。meet"相遇"¸call"号召¸打电话"¸leave"离开"¸都不符合语境。 40． D 后面有 on holiday¸意思是"度假"。既然是度假¸就要"离开"¸所以用 away。 41． B 根据空格后的 a table 和整个句子的意思可知¸此处表示"支起桌子"供人们吃饭¸所以用 set up。 bring up"抚养"¸put aside"把……放在一边¸储存¸保留¸暂不考虑"¸give away"泄露¸分发"¸均不符合语境。 42． A 根据下一句"What these people also need is warmth"可知¸他们意识到只给那些无家可归的人提 供食物和衣服是不够的。necessary"必要的"¸helpful"有帮助的"¸expensive"昂贵的"¸都不符合语境。 43． D 该空处所选的词应和 warmth 并列¸故选 D 项。caring"关心"。 44． A 前面有 didn't¸后面又提到 told them to phone anytime¸可知 Muller 夫妇是把电话号码给了他们 ¸故选 hesitate。didn't hesitate to do． ． ． 表示"毫不犹豫做……"。 45． C make sure"确保¸保证"¸符合语境。make sense"讲得通¸有意义"¸find out"弄清楚¸查明"¸work out" 解决¸弄懂¸制定出"¸均不符合语境。 46． A 从上下文可知¸Muller 夫妇总是把他们的家开放给那些无家可归的人¸让他们投宿¸所以此处用 open¸表示"开放的"。 47． D 他们很快"花"光了他们的时间和金钱。作"花费"讲时¸A、C 两项主语不能是人¸可排除。B 项表 示"浪费"¸与语境不符¸故选 B。 48． B 上文说他们的钱花完了¸所以他们就去食品公司和服装公司"寻求"捐助。pay for"为……付钱"¸ look into "调查"¸carry out"实施"¸均不符合语境。 49． C 根据上下文可知¸经过这对夫妇的努力¸现在有三十多家公司定期捐赠食品和其他东西。 regularly 表示"定期地"¸符合语境。 50． C 公司捐赠了食品和其他东西后¸志愿者帮助把这些东西发送给那些无家可归的人。deliver 表示 "发送"符合语境。 51． A 该空所在的句子是一个并列句¸结合语境并根据本句中的 give 可知¸此处应该用 donates． 表 示"捐赠"。 52． B 联系上下文可知¸他们帮助无家可归的人是不求回报的¸no payment"没有报酬"¸符合语境。 53． D 由 Muller 夫妇的行为可知他们不期望因为帮助别人而得到钱。expect"期望"¸符合语境。 54． C 此处是让步状语从句¸语意表示尽管 Rita 承认她常会感到"疲劳"¸但她仍然继续做她的工作。 55． B 文章最后一句说明了 Muller 夫妇做慈善的真正意义¸所以 B 项当选。make a difference"有作用¸ 有影响"。 32． ( 2012 北京 ) 36． C 根据上一句引号中的内容可知作者的梦想¸在三岁的时候首次生动地呈现出来。另外¸第 38 空 后面的"that little girl's dream"是线索提示。 37． C 随着年龄的增长¸阅历的丰富¸作者对舞蹈界的兴趣当然也发生了变化。expose sb． to sth． 表 示"使某人接触某物¸使某人体验某物"。 38． B 参见上题解析。certainly"当然¸确实"。 39． D 本段开头部分提到作者看到那家舞蹈公司的演出后梦想成为其中的一员¸由此可判断作者从未 放弃有一天能成为一名"舞蹈演员"的梦想。 40． D 根据冒号后面的内容可知作者的梦想成为了"现实"¸故选 D 项。 41． B date back to 表示"从……开始有¸追溯到……"¸此处是说这家公司成立于 1925 年。 42． A 作者没有想到自己的梦想竟然成为了现实¸所以至今回想起那一天¸也肯定"缺乏"现实的感觉。 43． C 作者难以相信自己梦想成真¸因此¸第一天"直到"排练到一半的时候¸作者仍很开心¸不相信这是 真的。 44． B 结合本段前两句中的内容可知¸作者实际上从未"期望"能得到这份工作。 45． D 下一句提到作者因为兴奋而颤抖¸由此可知作者得到这个职位后¸完全"震惊"了。 46． A 下一句提到作者一周要排练六天¸由此可知伴随着激动、兴奋的同时¸相应的"挑战"也随之而来。 47． D 作者在排练中发现全神贯注地快速"学会"材料至关重要。此处 pick up 表示"学会"¸符合语境。 48． A 此处与上一句中的 concentration 相呼应¸表示极度"关注"细节。 49． A 是极度关注细节和高强度的练习让"我们与众不同。set sb． ／sth． apart（from sb． ／sth） 这里表示"使……与众不同¸使优于……"¸符合语境。 50． C 接下来¸作者既要进行高强度的排练¸又要应对每天忙碌的演出安排。with 表示"与……同时¸随 着"¸符合语境。 51． B 根据本句前半部分中的内容可知¸作者通过亲身体会对"hard work"的"含义"有了新的理解。 52． A 高强度的训练和高频率的演出让作者的身体突破了她自己原来认为的可能的"界限"¸达到了更 高的境界。boundary"边界¸界限"。 53． D 参见上题解。 possible"可能的"。 54． B 结合下文内容可知¸作者为能加入这个公司而深感"荣幸"。 55． C 鼓舞几代小女孩同时成就一家公司不断发展壮大的是一种"传统"¸那就是鼓励人们每天追逐他 们的梦想。 33． (2011 新课标全国Ⅱ) 16． A 由句中 But 可知上下文构成转折关系¸Michael Greenberg 并不出名¸但街上的人都知道他。know about"知道¸了解"。 17． D 由下文可知¸他总是赠人手套¸受益人一定是穷人居多¸因此本题选 D。 18． B 由上句"他是‘手套先生’"可知¸人们会发出这样的疑问"他是如何获得那个称呼的"。name 意 为"名字¸称呼"¸符合题意。 19． B 由上文可知¸他看起来与其他商人无异¸穿西装¸提公文箱¸但他又与众不同¸他的公文箱里总装 着一些手套。 20． A 由句末的定语从句可知¸他行事不像其他人¸那些人总是看着人行道¸匆匆忙忙赶路。此处指他 的行为和其他人不一样¸故选 A。 21． C 根据常识¸冬天¸路人都会沿着街道匆忙赶路¸hurry down 意为"沿着……匆忙而行"¸符合句意。 cross over"越过（河等）¸横穿过（道路等）"¸drive along"沿着……开车"¸keep off"（使）不接近"¸均不符合 文意。 22． B 由下文可知¸他在赠人手套¸故他四处看的应该是人。故选 B。 23． D 看到有人没戴手套¸他就停下来。 24． C 他遇到没有戴手套的人就停下给他们一副手套¸然后继续走¸继续寻找没有戴手套的人。move on"继续行进"¸符合文意。 25． A 他要赠的是手套¸一定是寻找"手"冷的人。 26． C 他在冬天的时候赠送手套。give away"赠送"¸符合语境。 27． D 呼应上句¸在冬天以外的日子里¸他一定是"购买"手套。 28． B 由下文"他房间里有许多手套"可推知¸听说他事迹的人都"送"他手套。 29． C 他是在 21 年前开始做这件事的。故选 C。 30． A 现在许多纽约穷人认识他¸并理解他的行为。 31． D 由 But 可知¸前后为转折关系¸认识他的人能理解他的行为¸但不认识他的人有时会对他的行为 感到惊奇。 32． D 由下段中的"happier"可知¸他们没有意识到他只是想使他们高兴。 33． B 由下文的内容可知¸他家代代如此（都是这样做的）。 34． C Michael Greenberg 也是这样的感受¸帮助人能使大家更幸福。 35． A 一副手套可能是很小的物品¸但它在冬天却可以发挥很大的作用。 34． (2011 安徽) 36． B 此处与上一句中的 worried 相呼应¸表示作者没有理睬这些"担忧"¸在 201 0 年 7 月份到达了 Auckland。 37． D 上一句提到作者已经到达了 Auckland¸所以此处表示到达后不久¸作者意识到了找一份工作的重 要性。 38． C 作者意识到需要找一份工作来支付生活开销¸此处表示的显然是目的¸所以用 for。 39． A 下文提到作者花了几个星期的时间上门找工作¸由此可知作者决定"靠自己"找一份工作。 40． D 根据本句中的转折连词 but 可知¸虽然作者花了几周时间上门找工作¸但是几乎没有收到什么回 应。 41． C 上一段中提到作者是在找工作¸所以作者走进这栋楼的目的是询问"是否"有工作机会。 42． D 上一段最后一句提到作者几个星期以来一直上门找工作¸由此可知这栋楼里的人建议作者不要 再用那种"方式"找工作了。 43． C 作者这次找工作仍然毫无结果¸于是准备"离开"。 44． D 根据下文中的"Nearly ten minutes later"可知¸正当作者准备离开时¸一名男子让作着在外面等" 一会儿"。 45． A 上一句提到一名男子让作者在外面等一会儿¸所以此处是"返回"。 46． C 作者长期以来一直在努力地找工作¸可是屡屡碰壁¸由此可知男子鼓励作者要保持"积极的"态度。 47． B 然后他主动提出带作者去 Royal 0ak 找工作。C 项表示"雇用¸决定做¸同意负责¸承担"¸不符合语 境。 48． B 男子如此热心地帮助自己¸作者感到有点奇怪¸但是对他心存"好"感。 49． C 下一句提到男子给作者复制简历¸由此可知作者在途中发现简历已经"用完"了。 50． A 男子见作者已经用完了简历¸就"停"在了他生意伙伴的办公室处¸帮助作者复制简历。 51． B 由上下文可知¸此处表示男子帮助作者"又"复制了 15 份简历。 52． D 男子是在帮助作者求职¸因此就衣着和说话方面给作者提出了一些"建议"。 53． D 有了男子的帮助¸作者投递了简历¸回到家后感觉非常"满意"。 54． A 上一句提到作者投出了简历¸由此可知第二天作者接到了一家商店打来的"电话"¸它给作者提供 了一份工作。 55． C 上文提到作者最终求职成功¸所以感悟到一个道理：当你需要的时候¸这个世界总会"回馈"你。 35． (2010 天津) 16． B 通读全文可知 Moody 这样做的目的是让孩子们远离毒品。故选 B。 17． A run into trouble"遇到麻烦"¸符合语境。 18． C on his day off 表示"在他的休息日"。所以 1991 年他开始在他休息的时候邀请一小群孩子和他 一起钓鱼。 19． D 依据第二段内容可推断 Moody 的举动给孩子们带来了"持久的"影响。 lasting 持久的。 20． B while 表示"在……期间"。一天¸在学校篮球赛执勤期间¸Moody 注意到两个年轻人…． 21． A 依据下文"He sensed trouble between them"并结合选项可推断此处表示两个年轻人在"争吵"。 22． B 突然(Suddenly)¸其中一个孩子走近 Moody 并拥抱他。 23． D 依据后面的内容推断这个孩子记得在五年级时¸Moody 带着他去钓鱼的情形¸因此用 remember ¸表示"记得"。 24． A 由第一段末句可推断当时他们一起去钓鱼。 25． C 从孩子的反应来看¸他们一起去钓鱼那天是他人生中"最美好"的日子之一。 26 ． B 于 是 Moody 成 立 了 一 个 基 金 会 ¸ 向 孩 子 们 " 介 绍 " 钓 鱼 的 基 本 知 识 。 introduce． ． ． to． ． ． "向…介绍…"。 27． A where 引导地点状语从句。有暴力的地方¸背后总会有吸毒问题。 28． D 显然¸吸毒对孩子们有毁灭性的"影响"。impression"印象"；burden"负担"；decision"决定"；impact" 影响"。 29． B 通过把孩子们的注意力吸引到钓鱼上¸Moody 打算呈现给他们另一种生活方式。intend to do sth． "打算做某事"。 30． C 当你们坐在那里等待鱼上钩的时候¸会禁不住互相交谈。bite 表示"（鱼的）上钩¸咬饵"。 31． C 由 talk to each other 可知此处指孩子们的谈话¸故这里应用 conversations。 32． A 结合上文可知¸MiChelle 是"参与"第一个项目的学生¸并从中受益。participate in "参与"；work out"算出¸锻炼"；approve of"赞成¸同意"；make up"组成¸编造¸化妆"。 33． B 由上下文可推断 Michelle 用自己的经历帮助自己的弟弟远离毒品。avoid 表示"避免¸远离"¸ misuse 表示"滥用¸误用"¸不符合语境。 34． D 本文一开始提到 Moody 现在 52 岁¸这里表示三年后 Moody 将退休¸可以将全部时间投入到该 基金会的工作中。 35． D Moody 感觉自己有责任回报自己的"社区"¸让孩子们健康成长。第一段第二句中的 community 是线索提示。 考点 11 夹叙夹议文 1． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） In 1973 ¸ I was teaching elementary school ． Each day ¸ 27 kids 41 “The Thinking Laboratory． ”That was the 42 students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43 ． Freddy was an average 44 ¸but not an average person． He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）． He would 45 the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s 46 ． Before the school year 47 ¸I gave the kids a special 48 ¸T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your 49 ” on them． I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull ¸most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs． Through the years¸ I’d run into former students who would provide 51 on old classmates． I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52 from high school and remained the same 53 person I met forty years before． 0nce¸ while working overnight at a store¸he let a homeless man 54 in his truck． Another time¸ he 55 a friend money to buy a house． Just last year¸I was 56 a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door． A woman 57 the interruption and handed me an envelope． I stopped teaching and 58 it up． Inside were the “Verbs” shirt and a 59 from Freddy’s mother． “Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving． He wanted you to have this． ” I told the story to the class． As sad as it was¸I couldn’t help smiling． Although Freddy was taken from us¸we all 60 something from Freddy． 41． A． built B． entered C． decorated D． ran 42． A． name B． rule C． brand D． plan 43． A． small B． dark C． strange D． dull 44． A． scholar B． student C． citizen D． worker 45． A． speak B． sing C． question D． laugh 46． A． misfortune B． disbelief C． dishonesty D． mistake 47． A． changed B． approached C． returned D． ended 48． A． lesson B． gift C． report D． message 49． A． friends B． Awards C． Masters D． Tasks 50． A． simple B． unique C． fun D． clever 51． A． assessments B． comments C． instructions D． updates 52． A． graduation B． retirement C． separation D． resignation 53． A． daring B． modest C． caring D． smart 54． A． wait B． sleep C． study D． live 55． A． paid B． charged C． lent D． owed 56． A． observing B． preparing C． designing D． conducting 57． A． regretted B． avoided C． excused D． ignored 58． A． opened B． packed C． gave D． held 59． A． picture B． bill C． note D． diary 60． A． chose B． took C． expected D． borrowed 2． （2017 浙江） Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq． Her library used to be a 36 place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge． They 37 various matters all over the world． When the war was near¸Alia was 38 that the fires of war would destroy the books¸which are more 39 to her than mountain of gold． The books are in every language — new books¸ancient books¸ 40 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old． She had asked the government for 41 to move the books to a 42 place¸but they refused． So Alia took matters into her own hands． 43 ¸ she brought books home every night¸ 44 her car late after work． Her friends came to 45 her when the war broke out． Anis who owned a restaurant 46 to hide some books． All through the 47 ¸ Alia¸Anis¸ his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library¸48them over the seven-foot wall and 49 them in the restaurant． The books stayed hidden as the war50． Then nine days later¸a fire burned the 51 to the ground． 0ne day¸ the bombing stopped and the 52 left． But the war was not over yet． Alia knew that if the books were to be safe¸they must be 53 again while the city was 54 ． So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs(郊区)． Now Alia waited for the war to end and 55 peace and a new library． 36． A． meeting B． working C． personal D． religious 37． A． raised B． handled C． reported D． discussed 38． A． worried B． angry C． doubtful D． curious 39． A． practical B． precious C． reliable D． expensive 40． A． then B． still C． even D． rather 41． A． permission B． confirmation C． explanation D． information 42． A． large B． public C． distant D． safe 43． A． Fortunately B． Surprisingly C． Seriously D． Secretly 44． A． starting B． parking C． filling D． testing 45． A． stop B． help C． warn D． rescue 46． A． intended B． pretended C． happened D． agreed 47． A． war B． night C． building D． way 48． A． put B． opened C． passed D． threw 49． A． hid B． exchanged C． burnt D． distributed 50． A． approached B． erupted C． continued D． ended 51． A． restaurant B． library C． city D． wall 52． A． neighbours B． soldiers C． friends D． customers 53． A． sold B． read C． saved D． moved 54． A． occupied B． bombed C． quiet D． busy 55． A． dreamed of B． believed in C． cared about D． looked for 3． (2016 新课标Ⅱ) Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk. And they’ve never actually 41 you. Everything they know about you 42 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 43 they feel they can know you 44 from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the 45 is. Powerful, yes, but not always 46 . For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met 47 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 48 me. I sometimes wished to 49 another agent. 0ne morning, I had to 50 an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office 51 . The woman sitting at the desk, 52 my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 53 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 54 immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought. Rushing out 55 I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what’s your name?” “I’m Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a 56 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 57 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 58 . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 59 －her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 60 －were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires. 41． A． accepted B． noticed C． heard D． met 42． A． came B． moved C． ran D． developed 43． A． Thus B． Yet C． Then D． Indeed 44． A． rather B． also C． just D． already 45． A． Telephone B． voice C． connection D． impression 46． A． direct B． useful C． easy D． accurate 47． A． in person B． by myself C． in public D． on purpose 48． A． annoyed B． interested C． discouraged D． confused 49． A． promote B． train C． find D． know 50． A． arrange B． postpone C． confirm D． book 51． A． for the first time B． at any timeC． from time to time D. in good time 52． A． expecting B． seeing C． testing D． avoiding 53． A． shy B． comforting C． familiar D． forced 54． A． bill B． form C． ticket D． list 55． A． hopefully B． disappointedly C． gratefully D． regretfully 56． A． careful B． serious C． nervous D． pleasant 57． A． amused B． worried C． helpless D． speechless 58． A． calm B． nice C． proud D． clever 59． A． forgiveness B． eagerness C． friendliness D． skillfulness 60． A． explanationB． attitude C． concept D． Behavior 4． (2016 江苏) Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever． I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast ． While we were ___36,Kurt askedme, “ John, what is your37for personal growth? Never at a loss for words, I tried to find things in my life that might38for growth． I toldhim about the many activities in which I was39 ． And I went into a40about how hard Iworked and the gains I was making． I must have talked for ten minutes． Kurt41 patiently, but then he42 smiled and said, “You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?” “No, I 43． “You know,” Kurt said simply, “growth is not a(n)44 process． ” And that’s when it45 me． I wasn’t doing anything46 to make myself better． And at that moment, I made the47: I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my48． That night, I talked to my wife about my49 with Kurt and what I had learned． I50 her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling． We51 that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a sale． He was offering a52 for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams． Several important things happened that day ． First, we decided to 53 the resources ． But more importantly, we made a commitment to 54 together as a couple． From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together． It was a55 decision． While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together． 36． A． working B． preparing C． thinking D． eating 37． A． suggestion B． demand C． plan D． request 38． A． appeal B． look C． call D． qualify 39． A． involved B． trapped C． lost D． bathed 40． A． lecture B． speech C． discussion D． debate 41． A． calculated B． listened C． drank D． explained 42． A． eagerly B． gradually C． gratefully D． finally 43． A． admitted B． interrupted C． apologized D． complained 44． A． automatic B． slow C． independent D． changing 45． A． confused B． informed C． pleased D． hit 46． A． on loan B． on purpose C． on sale D． on balance 47． A． comment B． announcement C． decision D． arrangement 48． A． life B． progress C． performance D． investment 49． A． contract B． conversation C． negotiation D． argument 50． A． lent B． sold C． showed D． offered 51． A． recalled B． defined C． recognized D． declared 52． A． tool B． method C． way D． rule 53． A． provide B． buy C． give D． deliver 54． A． grow B． survive C． move D． gather 55． A． difficult B． random C． firm D． wise 5． (2016 浙江) During the war¸my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California． I went to live there in order to be21 him． I hated the place ． I had never 22 been so unhappy． My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty¸and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone． The heat was 23 -almost 125 0F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)． 24 a soul to talk to． The wind blew non-stop ,and all the food I ate¸and the very air I breathed¸were 25 with sand , sand , sand ! I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents． I told them I was 26 and coming back home． I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer． I 27 be in prison! My father answered my 28 with just two lines-two lines that will always sing in my 29 -two lines that completely changed my life : Two men looked out from prison bars 0ne saw the mud ,the other saw the stars I read those two lines 30 I was ashamed of myself． I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present 31 ; I would look for the stars． I made friends with the natives¸and their 32 amazed me． They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 33 to sell to tourists． I studied the delightful forms of the cactus ． I watched for the desert sunsets¸and 34 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the desert had been an ocean 35 ． What brought about this 36 change in me ? The desert hadn’t changed , 37 I had． I had changed my 38 And by doing so ,I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing 39 of my life． I was excited by this new world that I had discovered． I had looked out of my self-created prison and 40 the stars 21． A． off B． behind C． near D． beyond 22． A． before B． already C． then D． still 23． A． inflexible B． incomprehensible C． uncontrollable D． unbearable 24． A． 0nly B． Not C． Many D． Such 25． A． covered B． filled C． buried D． charged 26． A． catching up B． keeping up C． giving up D． getting up 27． A． ought to B． might well C． would rather D． had better 28． A． request B． call C． question D． letter 29． A． comparison B． imagination C． consideration D． memory 30． A． over and over B． by and by C． up and down D． now and then 31． A． company B． occupation C． situation D． relationship 32． A． movement B． reaction C． guidance D． purpose 33． A． refused B． failed C． managed D． happened 34． A． asked B． hunted C． waited D． headed 35． A． floor B． surface C． rock D． level 36． A． shocking B． challenging C． puzzling D． astonishing 37． A． as B． but C． for D． or 38． A． attitude B． principle C． identity D． standard 39． A． vacation B． operation C． affair D． adventure 40． A． sought B． counted C． found D． reached 6． (2015 天津) My fiance (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were 16 , and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory. 0ne agent 17 a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was 18 our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look 19 . We finally did and it was 20 at first sight. It was 0ur Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and 21 of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of 22 it would be like to live there. Days later, we made a(n) 23 —far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn’t 24 us. They renewed their offer 25 . It was also much more than we could afford, but far 26 than the original asking price. The next day, we got a 27 message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the 28 directly. We made our final offer, which 29 was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid. We knew it, 30 we had to try. “Sold!” said the owner. Then he 31 : He’d seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we’d 32 the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a 33 by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the 34 in the price “an early wedding present.” That’s how we found our home and how I learned that when people are 35 , they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet met. 16． A． needed B． limited C． enough D． large 17． A． recommended B． decorated C． sold D． rented 18． A． below B． within C． beyond D． between 19． A． at least B． at most C． at times D． at hand 20． A． relief B． concern C． love D． curiosity 21． A． pride B． happiness C． challenge D． desire 22． A． which B． why C． that D． what 23． A． effort B． offer C． promise D． profit 24． A． come across B． look after C． depend on D． laugh at 25． A． instead B． indeed C． aside D． apart 26． A． worse B． better C． less D． higher 27． A． relaxing B． disappointing C． pleasant D． regular 28． A． agents B． buyers C． managers D． owners 29． A． already B． still C． generally D． ever 30． A． so B． or C． for D． but 31． A． apologized B． complained C． criticized D． explained 32． A． check B． analyze C． appreciate D． ignore 33． A． loss B． risk C． chance D． lead 34． A． increase B． difference C． interest D． average 35． A． kind B． polite C． smart D． energetic 7． (2015 浙江) Sincefinishing mystudies at Harvard and 0xford. I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking,high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives( 高 级 管 理 人 员 ) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now 21 on their way to impressive careers. By society’s 22 , they seem to have it made. 0n the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and 24 out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations atrestaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 25 a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old car with expensive new sports cars. The thing is, a number of them have 26 that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some 27 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 28 . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 29. However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 30 to which they have so quickly become 31 . People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and 32 the end the idea of leaving, their jobs to work for something they 33 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion; it’ s 34 . They have loans, bills, a mortgage（抵押贷 款）to 35 , retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something 36 in their lives, but it’s 37 to step off the track. In a society that tends to 38 everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn form a young age to consider the costs of our 39 in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs 40 in pursuing money over meaning? There are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most. 21． A． much B． never C． seldom D． well 22． A． policies B． standards C． experiments D． regulations 23． A． last B． least C． second D． best 24． A． cycled B． moved C． slid D． looked 25． A． shared B． paid C． equaled D． collected 26． A． advertised B． witnessed C． admitted D． demanded 27． A． complain B． dream C． hear D． approve 28． A． distribute B． hate C． applaud D． neglect 29． A． calm B． guilty C． warm D． empty 30． A． family B． government C． lifestyle D． project 31． A． accustomed B． appointed C． unique D． available 32． A． yet B． also C． instead D． rather 33． A． let out B． turn in C． give up D． believe in 34． A． fundamental B． practical C． impossible D． unforgettable 35． A． take off B． drop off C． put off D． pay off 36． A． missing B． inspiring C． sinking D． shining 37． A． harmful B． hard C． useful D． normal 38． A． measure B． suffer C． digest D． deliver 39． A． disasters B． motivations C． campaigns D． decisions 40． A． assessed B． involved C． covered D． reduced 8． (2015 福建) 0ne of the easiest things in the world is to become a faultfinder. However, life can be 36 when you are not busy finding fault with it. Several years ago I 37 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 38 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 39 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 40 person. Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 41 Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 42 to deal with was that the day before the 43 , Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 44 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 45 It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 46 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly ( 刻薄 ) . She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 48 as well. Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 49 when we’re honest, we can be sharply 50 of the worlD． I’m not suggesting you 51 problems, or that you pretend things are 52 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are— 53 most of the time, and especially when it's not a really big 54 . Train yourself to “bite your tongue” , and with a little 55 , you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life. 36． A． lonely B． great C． quite D． uneasy 37． A． received B． answered C． expected D． rejected 38． A． threatened B． interrupted C． bothered D． spoiled 39． A． anything B． everything C． something D． nothing 40． A． caring B． boring C． interesting D． surprising 41． A． attitude B． plan C． measure D． explanation 42． A． urgent B． unnecessary C． certain D． impossible 43． A． occasion B． event C． accident D． adventure 44． A． memory B． notice C． evidence D． choice 45． A． hear B． contribute C． express D． admit 46． A． aware of B． afraid of C． curious about D． confused about 47． A． discuss B． realize C． judge D． settle 48． A． family B． life C． career D． education 49． A． so B． or C． but D． for 50． A． proud B． sure C． hopeful D． critical 51． A． face B． create C． solve D． ignore 52． A． rarer B． better C． stranger D． worse 53． A． at least B． at last C． by far D． so far 54． A． task B． deal C． result D． duty 55． A． practice B． speech C． rest D． pity 9． (2015 新课标Ⅱ) Where do you go when you want to learn something? School？A friend? A tutor? These are all41placesof learning. But it may well be that the learning you reallywant42somewhere else instead. I had the43 of seeing this first hand on a44 . My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so45 a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some46 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams47 trained. Through the first two games, her48 did not get on serious shot on goal. As apparent, I49 seeing my daughter playing her best, 50 still defeated. It seemed that something clicked with the 51 between Saturday and Sunday. When they 52 or their Sunday game, they were 53 different. They had begun integrate ( 融 合 )the kinds of play and teamwork they had 54 the day before into their 55 .They played aggressively and 56 scored a goal. It 57 me that playing against the other team was a great 58 moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. 59 is the best teacher. The lessons they may not be 60 what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own. 41． A． publicB． traditionalC． officialD． special 42． A.passesB． worksC． .liesD． ends 43． A.dreamB． ideaC． habitD． chance 44． A.tripB． holidayC． weekendD． square 45． A.wonB． enteredC． organized D． watched 46． A.painfulB． strangeC． commonD． practical 47． A.lessB． poorlyC． newlyD． better 48． A.fansB． tutorsC． classD． team 49． A.imaginedB． hatedC． avoidedD． missed 50． A.ifB． orC． butD． as 51． A. girlsB． parentsC． coachesD． viewers 52． A. dressedB． showed upC． made upD． planned 53． A. slightlyB． hardlyC． basically D． completely 54． A. seenB． knownC． heard D． read 55． A. stylesB． trainingC． gameD． rules 56． A. evenB． stillC． seldomD． again 57． A. confusedB． struckC． reminded D． warned 58． A. touchingB． thinkingC． encouragingD． learning 59． A. ExperienceB． IndependenceC． CuriosityD． Interest 60． A.harmful toB． mixed withC． different fromD． applied to 10． (2014 重庆) Five months after my husband Steve died． I woke up one morning to the maddening sound of a leaking faucet (水龙头)． I knew it needed repairs badly¸but it 16 me so much just to think of it． All our 17 life． I was the "artist¸" bringing to our house much imagination． Steve was the" 18 " one． He had a real gift for handling chores (家务活)¸ 19 me from unpleasant repair jobs． But how could such a good man have his life cut short so suddenly！I had been so sad and angry that I completely 20 the house． That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I now had to 21 the challenge of getting things fixed． I got a workman named Ahmed ． Entering the house ¸ he stopped before a picture of Steve and me． "Doesn't your husband 22 this kind of work?" he asked． "It's not hard． " "He died months ago． When he was alive¸ he did all the repair jobs 23 ¸" I said quietly． Ahmed looked at me 24 ¸but didn't reply． He fixed the faucet¸adjusted the dishwasher door¸and replaced a showerhead． Apparently he was gifted as Steve had been． He did a(n) 25 job． I asked him to name his fee． "No charge¸ Ma'am． " he said． "My father died early¸and the neighbors helped my family through． " By fixing a faucet¸Ahmed mended my soul． Although I would sure carry the pain of 26 with me along¸ Ahmed reminded me of the abundant 27 in the world． 16． A． hurt B． puzzled C． cost D． disappointed 17． A． separate B． shared C． spiritual D． social 18． A． active B． baring C． careless D． practical 19． A． attracting B． sheltering C． driving D． prohibiting 20． A． ignored B． hated C． cleaned D． missed 21． A． come up with B． face up to C． look forward to D． step away from 22． A． begin B． check C． like D． find 23． A． gratefully B． firmly C． bravely D． wonderfully 24． A． strangely B． innocently C． painfully D． sympathetically 25． A． terrible B． excellent C． important D． dangerous 26． A． loss B． failure C． fear D． regret 27． A． friendship B． devotion C． kindness D． justice 11． (2014 北京) The Fitting-in of Suzy Khan The first time I saw Suzy Khan, I knew I had to help her． She was really small for her age of 12． The boy in my class often 36 about her and laughed their heads off． She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page． All I knew was that she was an orphan (孤儿) from Africa． She had just been adopted by a family in town who 37 that the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids． I looked down at this 38 girl and promised myself that somehow I would help her． But how could I help her 39 in with us? There had to be a 40 ． 0ne day, when I went into the classroom, I saw that Suzy had 41 her geography book to a picture of a train, and in her notebook, she had made a(n) 42 copy． I was surprised and thought that she could do something in the coming 43 show． So, I took her to see the art teacher, Miss Parker, and showed her what Suzy had 44 ． “why, it’s wonderful,” said Miss Parker, who then showed us a poster she had painted 45 the talent show． “I need more of these, but I just don’t have enough 46 ． Could you help me, Suzy?” 0n the day of the talent show, Suzy’s 47 were everywhere ---- all over the hall and all over the school, each one different． “And finally,” said Mr Brown, the schoolmaster, at the end of the show, “we have a (n) award． I’m sure you’ve all noticed the wonderful posters． ” Everyone nodded． “0ne of our own students 49 them． ” I could hear everyone whispering． “Who in our school could draw 50 well?” Mr． Brown waited a while before saying, “ 51 this student worked so hard on the posters, she deserves a 52 ,too． 0ur mystery(神秘) artist is our new student …Suzy Khan!” Mr． Brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her a professional artist’s set． “Thank you,” she cried． I 53 , at that time when I was looking at her excited face, she’d probably never 54 anything in her whole life． Everyone started to 55 their hands． Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening． I knew then Suzy was going to be all right． 36． A． joked B． cared C． trains D． worried 37． A． reported B． decided C． complained D． questioned 38． A． rich B． proud C． tiny D． popular 39． A． come B． fall C． fit D． tie 40． A． manner B． pattern C． choice D． way 41． A． read B． taken C． opened D． put 42． A． free B． perfect C． final D． extra 43． A． are B． talk C． quiz D． talent 44． A． colored B． written C． carved D． drawn 45． A． at B． after C． for D． around 46． A． room B． time C． paper D． interest 47． A． gifts B． books C． photos D． posters 48． A． special B． academic C． national D． royal 49． A． painted B． found C． printed D． collected 50． A． very B． that C． quite D． too 51． A． If B． Though C． Unless D． Since 52． A． prize B． rank C． rest D． place 53． A． replied B． realized C． remembered D． regretted 54． A． offered B． valued C． owned D． controlled 55． A． clap B． wave C． raise D． shake 12． (2014 天津) 0ne night, when I was eight , my mother gently asked me a question I would never forget． “Sweetie, my company wants to 16 me but needs me to work in Brazil． This is like your teacher telling that you’ve done 17 and allowing you to skip a grade(跳级), but you’ll have to 18 your friends． Would you say yes to your teacher?” She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it． I was puzzled． The question kept me 19 for the rest of the night I had said “yes” but for the first time, I realized the 20 decisions adults had to make． For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil every day． Every evening I’d 21 wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day． A phone call, however, could never replace her 22 and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times． During my fourth-grade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her ． Looking at her large 23 apartment, I became 24 how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself． It was then 25 I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on 26 family and work． 27 difficult decisions, she used to tell me, you wouldn’t know whether you make the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a 28 attitude． Back home, I 29 myself that what my mother could do, I could, too． If she 30 to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be 31 ． I learn how to take care of myself and set high but achievable 32 ． My mother is now back with us ． But I will never forget what the 33 has really taught me． Sacrifices 34 in the end． The separation between us has proved to be 35 for me． 16． A． attract B． promote C． surprise D． praise 17． A． little B． much C． well D． wrong 18． A． leave B． refuse C． contact D． forgive 19． A． explaining B． sleeping C． wondering D． regretting 20． A． poor B． timely C． final D． tough 21． A． eagerly B． politely C． nervously D． curiously 22． A． patience B． presence C． intelligence D． Influence 23． A． Comfortable B． Expensive C． Empty D． Modern 24． A． Interested in B． aware of C． doubtful D． satisfied with 25． A． when B． where C． which D． that 26． A． abandoning B． balancing C． comparing D． mixing 27． A． Depending on B． supplied with C． Faced with D． Insisting on 28． A． different B． friendly C． positive D． general 29． A． criticized B． informed C． warned D． reminded 30． A． managed B． offered C． attempted D． expected 31． A． grateful B． energetic C． independent D． practical 32． A． examples B． limits C． rules D． goals 33． A． question B． experience C． history D． occasion 34． A． pay off B． come back C． run out D． turn up 35． A． blessing B． gathering C． failure D． pleasure 13． (2014 湖南) The summer before I went off to college． Mom stood me in her usual spot behind the ironing board(烫 衣板) and said． " Pay attention :I'm going to teach you to iron． " Mom clearly explained her 36 for this lesson． Iwas going to be 37 and needed to learn this vital skill ． Also ¸ I would be meeting new people ¸ and properly ironedclothes would help me make a good 38 ． " Learn to iron a shit． " Mom said． " and you can iron anything． " But ironing shirts was not 39 work． It didn't makeuse of long muscleswe used to throw a baseball¸ and itwasn'ta 40 operationlikeice-skating． Ironing was like driving a car on a street that has a stopsign every 10 feet． Moreover¸an iron produced steam and it carried an elementof 41 ． If you touched the wrong part of it¸you'd getburnt． If you forgot to turn it off when you 42 ¸you might burn down the house． As for technique ． Mom 43 me to begin with theflat spaces outward ¸ always pushing the iron forward' into wrinkled(有褶皱的) parts． Collars had to be done right． Mom said they were close to your face． where everyonewould 44 them． 0ver the years¸I've learned to iron shirts skillfully¸which gives me a sense of 45 ． Whateverfailures Isuffer in my life¸an ironed shirt tells me I am good atsomething． 46¸through ironing I've learned the methodfor solving even the most troublesome problems． " 47 wrinkles one at a time． " as Mom might have said． " andbefore long everything will' get ironed out． " 36． A． reasons B． rulesC． emotions D． methods 37． A． helpful B． confidentC． powerful D． independent 38． A． conclusion B． suggestionC． impression D observation 39． A． useful B． easyC． special D． suitable 40． A． direct B． singleC． smooth D． strange 41． A． doubt B． pressureC． surprise D． danger 42． A． went away B． fell downC． jumped off D． looked up 43． A． taught B． choseC． forced D． sent 44． A． touch B． designC． see D． admire 45． A． honesty B． freedomC． justice D． pride 46． A． Instead B． BesidesC． 0therwise D． However 47． A． Make up B． Deal withC． Ask for D． Rely on 14． (2014 北京) The Fitting-in of Suzy Khan The first time I saw Suzy Khan¸I knew I had to help her． She wasreally small for her age of12． The boys in my class often 36 abouther and laughed their heads off． She would open a book¸pretending toread¸ with tears dropping on the open page． All knew was that she was an orphan (孤儿) from Africa． She had just been adopted by a family in town who 37 that the best wayfor her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids． Ilooked down at this 38 girl and promised myself that somehow Iwould help her． But how could I help her 39 in with us? There had to be a 40 ． 0ne day¸when I went into the classroom¸I saw that Suzy had 41her geography book to a picture of a train¸and in her notebook¸she hadmade a(n) 42 copy． I was surprised and thought that she could do something in thecoming 43 show． So¸I took her to see the art teacher¸MissParker¸and showed her what Suzy had 44 ． "Why¸it's wonderful¸"said Miss Parker¸ who then showed us a poster she had painted 45the talent show． "I need more of these¸but I just don't have enough46 ． Could you help me¸Suzy?" 0n the day of the talent show¸Suzy's 47 were everywhere — all over the hall and all over the school¸ each one different． "And finally ¸ " said Mr ． Brown ¸ the schoolmaster ¸ at the end ofthe show ¸ "we have a(n) 48 award． I'm sure you've all noticed thewonderful posters． "Everyone nodded． "0ne of our own students 49them． " I could hear everyone whispering． "Who in our school could draw 50 well?" Mr． Brown waited a while before saying¸" 51 this studentworked so hard on the posters¸ she deserves a 52 ¸too． 0ur mystery(神秘) artist is our new student — Suzy Khan ! " Mr． Brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her aprofessional artist's set． "Thank you ¸"she cried． I 53 ¸at that time when I was looking at her excited faceshe'd probably never 54 anything in her whole life． Everyone started to 55 their hands ． Suzy Khan gave them ashy smile and the applause was deafening． I knew then Suzy was goingto be all right． 36． A． joked B． caredC． forgot D． worried 37． A． reported B． decidedC． complained D． questioned 38． A． rich B． proudC． tiny D． popular 39． A． come B． fallC． fit D． tie 40． A． manner B． patternC． choice D． way 41． A． read B． takenC． opened D． put 42． A． free B． perfectC． final D． extra 43． A． art B． talkC． quiz D． talent 14． A． colored B． writtenC． carved D． drawn 45． A． at B． afterC． for D． around 46． A． room B． timeC． paper D． interest 47． A． gifts B． booksC． photos D． posters 48． A． special B． academicC． national D． royal 49． A． painted B． foundC． printed D． collected 50． A． very B． thatC． quite D． too 51． A． If B． ThoughC． Unless D． Since 52． A． prize B． rankC． rest D． place 53． A． replied B． realizedC． remembered D． regretted 54． A． offered B． valuedC． owned D． controlled 55． A． clap B． waveC． raise D． shake 15． (2013 天津) As I held my father's hands one night¸I couldn't help but notice their calluses(老茧) and roughness． His hands tell the story of his life as a 16 ¸including all his struggles． 0ne summer¸I remember¸a drought(旱灾) hit 0ntario¸turning it into a 17 desert． 0n one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last 18 from the grocery store． Fifty dozer was all we needed which 19 took twenty minutes． Thatmorning¸ however¸ the process didn't 20 quickly． After fortyminutes of aimlessly walking． in the field¸we 21 needed twenty dozen． I was completely frustratedand 22 ． Dropping the basket heavily¸I declared¸"If the store wants its last twenty dozen¸they canpick it themselves!" Dad 23 ¸"Just think¸my little girl¸only ten dozen left for each of us and then we're 24． " Such is Dad whatever problem he 25 ¸he never gives up． 26 ¸the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over ourcountry． It was a challenging time for everyone¸ 27 Dad remainedoptimistic． He 28 to be grateful for other things like good health andfood on our plates． 0nly then did I truly begin to 29 Dad and hisfaith that guided us through the hard times． Dad is also a living example of real 30 ． From dawn to dusk¸he works countless hours to 31 our family． He always puts ourhappiness 32 his own¸and never fails to cheer me on at my sportsgames 33 his exhaustion after long days． His loving and selflessnature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and 34 ¸puttingothers first． Dad¸the life 35 Ihave learned from you will stay with meforever． You are my father¸ teacher¸friend and¸most importantly¸my hero． 16． A． teacher B． gardenerC． farmer D． grocer 17． A． stormy B． livelyC． disappearing D． burning 18． A． order B． formC． gap D． position 19． A． repeatedly B． normallyC． finally D． really 20． A． go B． beginC． occur D． change 21． A． yet B． stillC． even D． nearly 22． A． surprised B． nervousC． angry D． frightened 23． A． apologized B． criedC． complained D． laughed 24． A． lost B． doneC． gone D． touched 25． A． meets with B． brings upC． works out D． thinks about 26． A． Thankfully B． HopefullyC． UnfortunatelyD． Strangely 27． A． or B． for C． so D． but 28． A． happened B． seemedC． continued D． aimed 29． A． face B． appreciateC． examine D． question 30． A． love B． prideC． friendship D． honesty 31． A． support B． settleC． start D． impress 32． A． after B． beforeC． beside D． under 33． A． in spite of B． in terms ofC． in control of D． in place of 34． A． careful B． regretfulC． considerate D． humorous 35． A． history B． mottoC． patterns D． lessons 16． (2013 新课标Ⅰ) I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to “ 37 a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members, 38, chose to use wheelchairs. 0thers wore sound-blocking earplugs (耳塞) or blindfolds (眼罩). Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 . Then I wondered where to put my 43. It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into 44. I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of 45 for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary (临时的) 46. I tried to find a 47 position and thought it might be restful, 48 kind of nice, to be 49 around for a while. Looking around, I 50 I would have to handle the thing myself! My hands started to ache as I 51 the heavy wheels. I came to know that controlling the 52 of the wheelchair is not going to be a (an) 53 task. My wheelchair experiment was soon 54 . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the 55 , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome. 36． A． curious about B． interested in C. aware of D. careful with 37． A． cure B． prevent C. adopt D. analyze 38． A． instead B． strangely C. as usual D. like me 39． A． learning B． working C. satisfying D. relaxing 40． A． convenient B． awkward C. boring D. exciting 41． A． height B． force C. skill D. weight 42． A． locked B． repaired C. powered D. grasped 43． A． hands B． feet C. keys D. handles 44． A． place B． action C. play D. effect 45． A． operation B． communication C. transportation D. production 46． A． exploration B. education C. experiment D. entertainment 47． A． flexible B. safe C. starting D. comfortable 48． A． yet B. just C. still D. even 49． A． shown B. pushed C. driven D. guided 50． A． realized B. suggested C. agreed D. admitted 51． A.． lifted B. turned C. pressed D. seized 52． A． path B. position C. direction D. way 53． A． easy B. heavy C. major D. extra 54． A． forgotten B. repeated C. conducted D. finished 55． A． weaknesses B. challenges C. anxieties D. illnesses 17． (2013 福建) We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now． The little seaside villages are 36, one by one． "There is my grandmother's house," I say, 37 across the bay to a shabby old house． I am in Nova Scotia on a pilgrimage (朝圣) with Lise, my granddaughter, seeking roots for her, retracing (追溯) 38 memory for me． Lise was one of the mobile children, 39 from house to house in childhood． She longs for a sense of 40 , and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors41 for 200 years． We soon 42by the house and I tell her what it was like here, the memories 43 back, swift as the tide (潮 水)． Suddenly, I long to walk again in the44 where I was once so gloriously a child． Itstill 45 a member of the family, but has not been lived in for a while． We cannot go into the house, but I can still walk 46 the rooms in memory． Here, my mother 47in her bedroom window and wrote in her diary． I can still see the enthusiastic family 48 into and out of the house ． I could never have enough of being 49 them． However, that was long after those childhood days． Lise 50 attentively as I talk and then says, " So this is where I51 ; where I belong． " She has52 her roots． To know where I come from is one of the great longings of the human 53 To be rooted is "to have an origin"． We need 54origin． Looking backward, we discover what is unique in us; learn the 55of "I"． We must all go home again—in reality or memory． 36． A． appearingB． moving C． exposing D． expanding 37． A． referring B． travelling C． pointing D． coming 38． A． shared B． short C． fresh D． treasured 39． A． passed B． raised C． moved D． sent 40． A． home B． dutyC． reality D． relief 41． A． built B． livedC． remainedD． explored 42． A． catch up B． pull up C． step down D． come down 43． A． falling B． turning C． rushing D． bringing 44． A． yard B． village C． room D． house 45． A． adapts to B． appeals to C． belongs to D． occurs to 46． A． across B． through C． along D． past 47． A． lay B． played C． stood D． sat 48． A． marching B． looking C． breaking D． pouring 49． A． between B． with C． nearD． behind 50． A． wonders B． listens C． reacts D． agrees 51． A． began B． grew C． studied D． stayed 52． A． deepened B． recognized C． accepted D． found 53． A． heart B． rights C． interest D． behaviors 54． A． one B． its C． that D． every 55． A． meaning B． expression C． connection D． background 18． (2013 江苏) I used to believe in the American Dream¸which meant a job¸a mortgage (按揭)¸credit cards¸ success． I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else¸all of us 36 chasing the same thing． 0ne year¸through a series of unhappy events¸it all fell 37 ． Ifound myself homeless and alone． I had my truck and $56． I 38the countryside for some place I could rent for the 39 possibleamount． I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountainroad 40 the Potomac River in West Virginia． It was 41 ¸full ofbroken glass and rubbish． I found the owner¸rented it¸and 42 acorner to camp in． The locals knew nothing about me ¸ 43 slowly ¸ they startedteaching me the 44 of being a neighbor． They dropped off blankets¸candles¸and tools¸and began 45 around to chat． They started toteach me a belief in a 46 ． American Dream — not the one ofindividual achievement but of 47 ． What I had believed in¸all those things I thought were 48 fora civilized life¸were nonexistent in this place． 49 on the mountain¸my most valuable possessions were my 50 ． with my neighbors． Four years later¸I moved back into 51 ． I saw many peoplewere having a really hard time¸ 52 their jobs and homes． I managedtorent a big enough house to 53 a handful of people． There are four of us now in the house¸but over time I've had ninepeople come in and move on to other places． We'd all be in 54 ifwe hadn'tbanded together． The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one． It's not somuch about What I can get for myself; it's about 55 we can all getby together． 36． A． separately B． equallyC． violently D． naturally 37． A． off B． apartC． over D． out 38． A． crossed B． leftC． toured D． searched 39． A． fullest B． largestC． fairest D． cheapest 40． A． at B． throughC． over D． round 41． A． occupied B． abandonedC． emptied D． robbed 42． A． turned B． approachedC． cleared D． cut 43． A． but B． althoughC． otherwise D． for 44． A． benefit B． lessonC． nature D． art 45． A． sticking B． lookingC． swinging D． turning 46． A． wild B． realC． different D． remote 47． A． neighborliness B． happinessC． friendliness D． kindness 48． A． unique B． expensiveC． rare D． necessary 49． A． Up B． DownC． Deep D． Along 50． A． cooperationB． relationshipsC． satisfaction D． appointments 51． A． reality B． societyC． town D． life 52． A． creating B． losingC． quitting D． offering 53． A． put in B． turn inC． take in D． get in 54． A． yards B． sheltersC． camps D． cottages 55． A． when B． whatC． whether D． how 19． (2012 天津) I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13． My parents took us there for camping． 0n the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan, a ___16___ rock of 3,300 feet straight up． I touched that giant rock and knew ___17___ I wanted to climb it． That has been my life’s passion (钟爱) ever since--- ___18___ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite． I’ve long made Yosemite my ___19___． About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of ___20___, like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area． It’s ___21___ me why visitors started respecting the place ___22___ and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way． I tried ___23___ trash(垃圾)myself, but the job was too big． I would ___24___an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later． Finally, I got so ___25__ it that I decided something had to change． As a rock-climbing guide, I knew ___26___about organizing any big event． But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a ___27___． 0n that day, more than 300 people ___28___． 0ver three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash ． It was amazing how much we were able to ___29___ ． I couldn’t believe the ___30___ we made ---the park looked clean! Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere． In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and ___31___ 132 miles of roadway． I often hear people ___32___ about their surroundings． If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by ___33___ rather than complaining． We need to teach by ___34___． You can’t blame others ___35___ you start with yourself． 16． A． distant B． huge C． Narrow D． loose 17． A． immediately B． finally C． gradually D． recently 18． A． imagining B． Painting C． describing D． climbing 19． A． garden B． home C． lab D． palace 20． A． material B． resources C． waste D． goods 21． A． beyond B． against C． over D． within 22． A． more B． most C． less D． least 23． A． throwing away B． picking up C． breaking down D． digging out 24． A． kill B． save C． wait D． spend 25． A． satisfied with B． delighted in C． tired of D． used to 26． A． something B． anything C． Everything D． nothing 27． A． cleanup B． party C． Picnic D． concert 28． A． dropped out B． showed up C． looked around D． called back 29． A． demand B． receive C． Accomplish D． overcome 30． A． plan B． visit C． Contact D． difference 31． A． crossed B． measured C． Covered D． designed 32． A． talk B． complain C． Argue D． quarrel 33． A． doing B． thinking C． Questioning D． watching 34． A． method B． explanation C． Example D． research 35． A． although B． if C． When D． Useless 20． ( 2012 全国 II) Around twenty years ago I was living in York． 21I had a lot of experience and a Master's degree¸I could notfind 22 work． I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and24 with a friend of mine¸for I had lost my flat． I had 25 five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 thejob． "Why has my life become so 27 ?' I thoughtpainfully． As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl¸shehanded me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 30mebody claimed (认领) it． The earring was painted black and said " BE HAPP"． At first I got angry． Then it 31 me — I had beengiving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my33 rather than what was right! I decided then and thereto makea 34 of fifty things I was happy with． Later¸Idecided to 35 more things to the list． That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at alarge 37 ． She asked me if I would 38 a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers． I said yes． My 39 there went very well¸and before long I gota well-paid job． To this day I know that it was because Ichanged my way of 40 that I completely changed my life． 21． A． As B． ThoughC． If D． When 22． A． successful B． extraC． satisfying D． convenient 23． A． driving B． repairing C． taking D． designing 24． A． working B． travelingC． discussing D． living 25． A． prepared for B． attendedC． asked for D． held 26． A． lose B． likeC． find D． get 27． A． hard B． busyC． serious D． short 28． A． wave at B． drop oftC． call on D． look for 29． A． ordering B． promising C． sayingD． showing 30． A． in case B． or elseC． as if D． now that 31． A． hurt B． hitC． caught D． moved 32． A． feelings B． attentionC． strength D． interests 33． A． opinions B． educationC． experiences D． life 34． A． list B． book C． check D． copy 35． A． connect B． turnC． keep D． add 36． A． her B． a passengerC． me D． my friend 37． A． hospital B． factoryC． restaurant D． hotel 38． A． listen to B． reviewC． give D． talk about 39． A． plan B． choiceC． day D． tour 40． A． operation B． speakingC． employment D． thinking 21． ( 2011 北京) I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn't like attention drawn to myself． And 36 otherwise assigned(指定)a seat by the teacher¸I always 37 to sit at the back of the classroom． All this 38 after I joined a sports team． It began when ateacher suggested I try out for the basketball team． At first I thought itwas a crazy 39 because I didn't have a good sense ofbalance¸nordid I have the 40 to keep pace with the others on the team and theywould tease me． But for the teacher who kept insisting on my" 41for it"¸I wouldn't have decided to give it a try． Getting up the courage to go to the tryouts was only the 42 ofit! When I first started 43 the practice sessions¸I didn't even knowthe rules of the game¸much 44 what I was doing． Sometimes I'd get45 and take a shot at the wrong direction — which made me feel really stupid． 46 ¸I wasn't the only one "new" at the game¸so I decided to47 on learning the game¸do my best at each practice session¸and notbe too hard on myself for the things I didn't 48 "just yet"． I practiced and practiced． Soon I knew the 49 and the"moves"． Being part of a team was fun and motivating． Very soon the lack of confidence． Withcompetitive 50 in me was winning over my Itime¸I learned how to play and made friends in the 51 — friendswho respected my efforts to work hard and be a team player． I never hadso much fun! With my 52 self-confidence comes more praise from teachersand classmates． I have gone from " 53 " in the back of the classroomand not wanting to call attention to myself¸ 54 raising my hand—even when I sometimes wasn't 100 percent 55 I had the rightanswer． Now I have more self-confidence in myself． 36． A． as B． untilC． unless D． though 37． A． hoped B． agreedC． meant D． chose 38． A． continued B． changedC． settled D． started 39． A． idea B． planC． belief D． saying 40． A． right B． chanceC． ability D． patience 41． A． going B． lookingC． cheering D． applying 42． A． point B． halfC． rest D． basis 43． A． enjoying B． preparingC． attending D． watching 44． A． less B． laterC． worse D． further 45． A． committed B． motivatedC． embarrassed D． confused 46． A． Interestingly B． FortunatelyC． 0bviously D． Hopefully 47． A． focus B． actC． rely D． try 48． A． want B． doC． support D． know 49． A． steps B． ordersC． rules D． games 50． A． role B． partC． mind D． value 51． A． process B． operationC． movement D． situation 52． A． expressed B． improvedC． preserved D． recognized 53． A． dreaming B． playingC． relaxing D． hiding 54． A． by B． for C． with D． to 55． A． lucky B． happyC． sure D． satisfied 22． ( 2011 天津) A Love Note to My Mom When I was a little girl¸I would often accompany youas you modeled for fashion photographers． It was years laterthat I finally understood what role modeling 16you’re yourlife． Little did I know you were 17 every penny youearned to go to 18 school． I cannot thank you enough for 19 you told meyou told me oneautumn afternoon when I was nine． After finishing myhomework¸I wandered into the dining room where you wereburied 20 piles oflaw books． Iwas 21 ． why wereyou doing what I do — memorizing textbooks and studyingfor 22? Whenyou said you were in law school¸I wasmore puzzled． I didn't know Moms 23 be lawyers too． You smiled and said¸" In life¸you can do anything youwant to do． " As young as I was¸that statement kept 24 in myears． Iwatched as you faced the 25 of completing yourstudies¸starting companies with Dad¸while still being a26 and a Mom of five kids． I was exhausted justwatching you 27 ． With your words of wisdom in my 28 mind¸I suddenly felt unlimited freedom to dream． My whole world 29 ． I set out to live my life filled with30 ¸seeing endless possibilities for personal andprofessional achievements． Your words became my motto ． I 31 found myselfin the unique position of being either the first (womandoctorin Maryland Rotary) 32 one of the few women(chief medical reporters) in my field． I gained strengthevery time I said． "Yes¸I'll try that． " Encouraged by your 33 ¸I have forged ahead (毅然前行) with my life's journey¸ less afraid to make mistakes¸and 34 meeting each challenge． You did itand nowI'm 35 it． Sorry¸got to run． So much to doso many dreams to live． 16． A． found B． played C． kept D． provided 17． A． saving B． makingC． donating D． receiving 18． A． business B． fashionC． law D． medical 19． A． what B． thatC． which D． where 20． A． at B． toC． upon D． under 21． A． amused B． worriedC． puzzled D． disappointed 22． A． roles B． testsC． positions D． shows 23． A． must B． ought toC． need D． could 24． A． ringing B． blowingC． falling D． beating 25． A． choices B． chancesC． challenges D． changes 26． A． professor B． doctorC． reporter D． model 27． A． in danger B． in actionC． in trouble D． in charge 28． A． weak B． powerfulC． youthful D． empty 29． A． came back B． closed downC． went by D． opened up 30． A． hope B． hardshipC． harmony D． sadness 31． A． constantly B． shortlyC． hardly D． nearly 32． A． and B． but C． or D． for 33． A． description B． statementC． praise D． introduction 34． A． secretly B． curiouslyC． carelessly D． eagerly 35． A． doing B． consideringC． correcting D． reading 23． ( 2010 福建) Born in America¸ I spoke English¸not Chinese¸ the language of myancestors ． When I was three ¸ my parentsflashed cards with Chinese 36 at myface¸but I pushed them 37 ． My mom believed I would learn 38 I was ready． But the 39 never came． 0n a Chinese New Year's Eve¸my uncle spoke to me inChinese¸ but all I could do was 40 at him¸ confused ¸ scratching my head ． "Still can't speak Chinese?" He41 me ¸ " You can't even buy a fish in Chinatown． " "Hey¸this is America¸not China． I'll get some42 with or without Chinese． "I replied and turned tomy mom for 43 ． " Remember to ask for fresh fish¸XinXianYu¸" shesaid¸handing over a $ 20 bill． I 44 the words¸ running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown． I found the fish 45 surrounded in a sea ofcustomers． "I'd like to buy some fresh fish¸" I shouted tothe fisherman． But he 46 my English words and turnedto serve the next customer． The laugh of the people behindincreased 47 theirimpatience． With every 48 ¸ the breath of the dragons (龙) on my back grew stronger — my blood oiling— 49 me to cry out¸"Xian Sheng Yu¸please． ""Very XianSheng¸" I repeated． The crowderupted into laughter． My face turned 50 and I ranback home 51 ¸except for the $ 20 bill I held tightly in my pocket． Should I laugh or cry? They're Chinese． I'm Chinese． Ishould feel right at 52 ． Instead¸ I was the joke¸a disgrace (丢脸) to the language． Sometimes¸I laugh at my fish 53 ¸but¸in theend¸the joke is on 54 ． Every laugh is a culture 55 ； every laugh is my heritage (传统) fading away． 36． A． custom B． gamesC． characters D． language 37． A． ahead B． around C． along D． aside 38． A． when B． before C． unless D． until 39． A． success B． studyC． time D． attempt 40． A． aim B． joke C． nod D． stare 41． A． cared about B． laughed at C． argued with D． asked after 42． A． right now B． from now C． at times D． in time 43． A． decision B． permissionC． information D． preparation 44． A． repeated B． reviewedC． spelled D． kept 45． A． farm B． stand C． pond D． market 46． A． guessed B． forgotC． doubted D． ignored 47． A． by B． as C． with D． from 48． A． second B． effortC． desire D． movement 49． A． forcing B． allowingC． persuading D． leading 50． A． bright B． blank C． pale D． red 51． A． open-mouthed B． tongue-tied C． empty-handed D． broken-heart． ed 52． A． service B． home C． risk D． root 53． A． trade B． deedC． challenge D． incident 54． A． it B． us C． me D． them 55． A． thrown B． lostC． divided D． reflected 第二部分 完形填空 考点 11 夹叙夹议文答案 1． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） 41． B 考查动词。在 1973 年¸作者正在教小学。每天 27 个小孩进入“思想实验室”。 enter“进入”¸符合语 境。build“建造”；decorate“装饰”；run“管理¸经营”。 42． A 考查名词。根据下文的“Room 104”可知¸“The Thinking Laboratory”是学生们选举出来的名 字。name“名字”；rule“规则”；brand“品牌”；plan“计划”。故选 A 项。 43． D 考查形容词。 Room 104 这个名字被学生们选举换成 The Thinking Laboratory¸所以可判断出学生们 认为 Room 104 这个名字太乏味了。dull“枯燥的¸无趣的”¸符合语境。故选 D 项。 44． B 考查名词。根据上文中的“I was teaching elementary school”可知¸作者正在教小学¸故可推知 Freddy 是一个普通的学生。故选 B 项。 45． D 考查动词。根据下文中的“the loudest over fun”可知¸Freddy 对有趣的事情会笑得最大声。故 选 D 项。 46． A 考查名词。根据上文中的 the saddest 可知¸Freddy 对别人的不幸是感到最悲伤的。misfortune “不幸”；disbelief“不信¸怀疑”；dishonesty“不诚实”；mistake“错误”。故选 A 项。 47． D 考查动词。根据语境可知¸此处表示在学年结束前。end“结束”¸符合语境。change“改变”； approach“靠近”；return“返回”。 48． B 考查名词。在学年结束前¸给孩子们的应是礼物。故选 B 项。 49． A 考查名词。根据下文可知¸作者认为尽管动词看起来是枯燥的¸但是孩子们在一生中所做的大多 数趣事就是动词。再结合选项可知¸A 项符合语境。 50． C 考查形容词。由 while 可知¸空处与 dull 形成对比¸故选 C 项。 simple“简单的”；unique“独 特的”；clever“聪明的”。 51． D 考查名词。根据语境可知¸很多年来¸作者偶然遇到以前的学生会给他提供一些他们老同学的最 新消息¸所以作者才了解到 Freddy 的一些情况。update“最新消息”¸符合语境。 assessment“评估¸评 价”；comment“评论”；instruction“指导¸教导”。 52． A 考查名词。根据空前的“did several jobs”可知¸此处表示 Freddy 从高中毕业后。 graduation。 “毕业”¸符合语境¸故选 A 项。retirement“退休”；separation“分离”；resignation“辞职”。 53． C 考查形容词。根据下文中的“he let a homeless man…a friend money to buy a house”可知¸他让 一个无家可归的人睡在他的卡车里¸还借给朋友钱去买房子¸故可推知他仍然是作者四十年前遇到的那 个乐于助人的人。 caring“乐于助人的”¸符合语境。故选 C 项。 54． B 考查动词。根据上文中的“while working overnight”可知¸Freddy 上夜班时¸让一位无家可归的 人在他的卡车里睡觉。故选 B 项。 55． C 考查动词。因为 Freddy 是一位乐于助人的人¸所以是借给朋友钱买房子。lend“借出”¸符合语 境。pay“支付”；charge“（向……）收费”；owe“欠（钱）¸负（债）”。 56． D 考查动词。根据下文中的“I stopped teaching”可知¸作者正在举办一个研习班¸这时有人敲教室 的门。conduct“实施¸执行”¸符合语境。故选 D 项。 observe“观察”；prepare“准备”；design“设 计”。 57． C 考查动词。根据下文中的“I stopped teaching”可知¸作者当时正在上课¸所以这位女士为打断 作者讲课而请求原谅并递给作者一个信封。excuse“原谅（某人的小错）”¸符合语境。regret“遗憾¸后 悔”；avoid“避免”；ignore“忽视”。 58． A 考查动词。根据上文中的“handed me an envelope． I stopped teaching”可知¸一位女士递给 作者一个信封¸作者停止了教学并打开它。故选 A 项。pack“打包¸装箱”；give“交给”；hold“握住¸抓 住”。 59． C 考查名词。根据下文中的“Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving...”可知¸这个信封里装着一张 Freddy 的妈妈写的便条。故选 C 项。picture“图片”；bill“账单”；diary“日记”。 60． B 考查动词。根据上文中的“Although Freddy was taken from us”可知¸尽管 Freddy 从我们中被 带走了¸但是我们所有人都从 Freddy 那儿拿走了一些东西¸即从 Freddy 的身上学到了一些东西。故选 B 项。 2． （2017 浙江） 36． A 根据下文可知¸爱书人士经常到 Alia 的图书馆看书¸分享知识¸对于这些人来说¸该图书馆是一 个聚会处¸故选 meeting。 37． D 结合语境可知¸他们在这里讨论全世界各种各样的事情¸故选 discussed¸表示“讨论¸议论”。 38． A 根据上文提到的战争即将来临¸以及下文提到的 Alia 和身边的人保护图书馆书籍的内容可知¸ 此处指 Alia 很担心书籍在战火中被毁掉¸故选 worried。 39． B 根据语境及下文的“mountains of gold”可知¸Alia 认为这些书比金山还要珍贵¸故选 precious¸表 示“珍贵的”。 40． C 空处上下文在语义上表示递进¸指甚至(even)还有 700 年前的有关伊拉克历史的书籍。 41． A 根据语境可知¸她希望得到政府允许把书搬到安全的(safe)地方¸但他们拒绝了。ask sb． for permission 表示“请求……的许可”¸符合语境。 42． D 参见上题解析。 43． D 根据语境可知¸每晚很晚下班后¸Alia 偷偷地把书带回家。 secretly “秘密地¸偷偷地”符合语 境。 44． C 根据上下文语境及下文的“her car”可知¸Alia 把书装到她的汽车里运回家。fill 表示“装满”。 45． B 根据下文的内容可知¸战争爆发后¸她的朋友们也赶来帮助(help)她。 46． D 根据下文可知¸Anis 答应把一些书藏在自己的餐馆里¸agree to do…表示“同意做……”。 47． B 根据语境可知¸他们整晚都在从图书馆里搬书¸这也照应了上文中的“ever night”。 48． C 根据上下文可知¸他们要把书递过 7 英尺的高墙¸并把它们藏在餐馆里。pass 表示“传递”。 49． A 参见上题解析。hide 表示“隐藏”。下文的 hidden 亦是提示。 50． C 根据语境及上文中的“the war broke out”可知¸战争还在继续（continued）。 5 1． B 根据语境及下文中的“a new library”可知¸图书馆被全部焚毁了¸故选 library。 52． B 一天¸轰炸停止了¸士兵们也离开了¸所以选 soldiers。 53． D 根据下文可知¸Alia 知道¸要想这些书安全¸他们必须在城市安静的时候把这些书再转移(moved)出 去。 54． C 参见上题解析。quiet 表示“安静的”。 55． A 根据语境可知¸Alia 等待着战争的结束¸梦想着（拥有）和平和一个新图书馆。dream of 表示“梦 想¸期盼” 3． (2016 新课标Ⅱ) 41． D 根据第一段中的“Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device（装 置）on your desk”以及第二段中的“Rani¸my faceless agent whom I'd never met”可知¸此处表示“事实 上他们从来没有见过你”。故选 D 项。accept“妾受”；notice“注意”；hear“听到”；meet“遇见”。 42． A 此处表示“他们对你的一切了解都是通过这个装置（传达的）”¸故选 A 项。come“来¸发生”； move“移动”；run“跑”；develop“发展”。 43． B 根据上文的“…sometimes from hundreds of miles away”以及下文的“they feel they can know you…That’s how powerful the 45 is”可知¸上下文为转折关系¸故选 B 项。 44． C rather“在一定程度上¸颇”；also“也”；just“仅仅”；already“已经”。根据语境可知¸此处表示 他们认为仅仅通过你的声音他们就可以了解你¸故 C 项正确。 45． A 根据第一段中的“little device（装置）on your desk”及第二段中的“For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone”可知¸此处指的是电话(telephone)。文章最后一段中的“wires”亦是提示。故选 A 项。 46． D 根据第二段的内容可知¸作者通过电话听到他的旅游代理商的声音是冷淡的¸让他感到不悦。 而根据第三段中的“What a wonderful lady!”可知¸作者亲自见到了 Rani 后¸发现她本人与电话中的声音 给人的感觉不一样。故该题选 D 项¸表示电话虽然是强大的¸但传达的信息却并不总是准确的。 direct “直接的”；useful“有用的”；easy“容易的”；accurate“准确的”。 47． A 根据上文的“my faceless agent whom I'd never met”可知¸作者从来没有亲自见过她¸故选 A 项。 in person“亲自”；by myself“我自己¸独自”；in public“公开地¸当众”；on purpose“故意地”。 48.A 根据上文的“But her cold voice really”和下文的内容可知¸此处指的是“让我不悦”¸故选 A 项。 annoy“使不悦¸使生气”；interest“使感兴趣”；discourage“泄气”；confuse“使困惑”。 49． C 因为 Rani 的声音让作者感到不悦¸所以作者有时希望能找到另一个代理商。故选 C 项。promote “促进”；train“训练”；find“找到”；know“知道”。 50． D 根据第三段中的“an immediate flight home for a family emergency”以及最后一段中的“Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport...”可知¸作者不得不立刻预订机票回家¸故选 D 项。arrange“安 排”；postpone“推迟”；confirm“证实”；book“预订”。 51． A 第二段提到作者从未与 Rani 见过面¸而此处作者因家中有急事而不得不订票¸所以可推知此处表 示作者第一次去 Rani 的办公室。for the first time“第一次”；at any time“在任何时候”；from time to time “有时”；in good time“及时地¸迅速地”。故选 A 项。 52． B 因为作者已经进入 Rani 的办公室¸所以此处表示“坐在桌旁的女士看到了我的疯狂”¸故选 B 项。 expect“期待”；see“看见”；test“测验¸检测”；avoid“避免”。 53． B 根据上文的“...sympathetically jumped up”¸空后的“smile…I thought”以及最后一段中的“her warm smile”可知¸此处表示“她给予我令人欣慰的（comforting）微笑”¸故选 B 项。 shy“害羞的”； familiar“熟悉的”；forced“强迫的¸勉强的”。 54． C 根据上文的“0ne morning¸I had to 50 an immediate flight home for a family emergency”可知¸ 此处指的是“立刻打印出了票”。故选 C 项。 55． C 因为 Rani 帮助作者很快地打出了票¸所以作者应是很感激地(gratefully)跑出去了。故选 C 项。 hopefully“充满希望地”；disappointedly“失望地”；regretfully“遗憾地”。 56． D 根据下文的“with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip”可知¸此处表示的是“一 位友善的(pleasant)女士”。 careful“仔细的”；serious“认真的¸严肃的”；nervous“紧张的”。 57． D 根据下文的“Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was¸well...”可知¸作者亲自见到 Rani 之后¸发 现她本人与电话中的声音传达给自己的信息是很不同的¸故作者应是（因吃惊）说不出来话。故选 D 项。 amused“高兴的”；worried“担心的”；helpless“无助的”；speechless“（尤指气得或惊讶得）说不出 话的”。 58． B 根据上文的内容尤其是“What a wonderful lady”可知¸B 项正确。 calm“镇定的”；nice“友好 的”；proud“骄傲的”；clever“聪明的”。 59． C 根据上文的内容（如 Rani 帮助作者预订机票以及祝愿作者旅途愉快）可知¸Rani 是友好的。故 选 C 项。forgiveness“宽恕¸饶恕”；eagerness“溻望”；friendliness“友好”；skillfulness“有技巧¸灵巧”。 60． B 根据语境可知¸此处的“her‘I'm here for you’”应是属于工作态度¸故选 B 项。explanation“解 释”；attitude“态度”；concept“观念”；behavior“行为”。 4． (2016 江苏) 36． D 根据上文中的“breakfast”可知¸应选择 eating¸表示他们在一起吃饭。 37． C 根据下文中的“You don't have a personal plan for growth”可知本题选择 plan¸表示个人成长计 划。 38． D 作者听到问题后竭力寻找能够回答问题的答案¸qualify “符合¸配得上”¸符合句意。 39． A (be) involved(in)“参加”． 符合句意。 40． B 根据下文的“I must have talked for ten minutes”可知作者滔滔不绝地说了起来¸就像是在演讲¸ 因此选择 speech。 41． B Kurt 耐心地听着¸因此选择 listened。 42． D 听完之后¸Kurt 终于发表了自己的看法。finally 符合句意。 43． A 根据作者的答语“No”可知¸作者同意 Kurt 的说法¸承认自己没有这样的成长计划。因此选择 admitted。 44． A 根据文章内容可知¸成长不是一个自发的过程¸而是需要计划的¸因此本题选择 automatic。 45． D 根据本段的内容可知¸作者此时领悟到了 Kurt.所说的话。hit 表示“使突然想起”。 46． B 本句的意思是作者以前一直没有有目的地去让自己更好地成长。on purpose“有意地”¸符合句 意。 47． C 根据句中的“I will develop and follow a personal growth plan.”可知作者此刻作了决定¸因此选 择 decision。 48． A 根据下文可知¸作者制订了人生成长计划¸因此选择 life。 49． B 根据上文可知选择 conversation¸作者把他与 Kurt 之间的谈话告诉了妻子。 50． C 作者向妻子展示了 Kurt 出售的书和磁带¸因此选择 showed。 51． C 作者与妻子认为 Kurt.不仅仅是在销售东西。recognize“承认¸意识到”¸符合句意。 52． C Kurt 给我们指明了一条改变我们生活、实现我们梦想的道路。way“方法¸途径”¸后面常用不定式 作后置定语。 53． B 根据上文的“was selling”可知本题选择 buy。 54． A 此处表示与妻子一起成长¸故选择 grow。 55． D 根据最后一句可知他们的决定是明智的¸因此选择 wise。 5． (2016 浙江) 21． C 从上文提到的 I went to live there 以及下文的 I hated the place 可知¸作者随丈夫搬去了加利福尼 亚¸故选 near¸表示“靠近他”¸其他都与语意不符。 22． A 从上下文可知¸作者非常讨厌这个地方¸所以她以前从来没有这么不开心过¸用 before“以前”¸其 他都不符合语意。 23． D 从语境和下文的 almost 1250F 可知¸这个地方实在是太热了¸以至于让人难以忍受¸故用 unbearable“难以忍受的”。inflexible 意为“僵化的、不可弯曲的”；incomprehensible 意为“不可思议 的、难以理解的”；uncontrollable 意为“难以控制的”¸都不符合语境。 24． B 此处表示“甚至没有一个可以讲话的人”¸故用 Not。 25． B 从上文提到的“风不停地刮¸所有吃的食物和呼吸的空气中都满是沙子”可知¸此处是 be filled with 结构¸表示“充满……”¸其他都不符合语境。 26． C 根据下文可知¸作者感到很难过¸所以写信告诉父母¸她要放弃这里¸准备回家了¸所以用 give up 来表示“放弃”。catch up 意为“赶上”；keep up 意为“保持”；get up 意为“起床”¸都不符合语意。 27． C 根据上下文可知¸作者宁愿坐牢也不愿生活在这里。would rather 表示“宁愿……”¸符合语境。 28． D 从上下文可知¸作者给父母写了信¸故此处指父亲回了信¸故用 answer the letter。 29． D 从下文可知¸对于这两行回信¸作者这一辈子都会牢牢记住¸同时下文也多次提到这封信对作者以 后人生的影响¸故根据语意选 memory 表示“记忆”。 comparison 表示“比较”；imagination 表示“想 象”；consideration 表示“考虑”¸都不符合语境。 30． A 从全文可知¸作者对父亲回信中的这两句话一读再读。所以选 over and over 表示“一再、多次”¸来 突出作者对其印象深刻。 31． C 结合上下文可知¸此时指作者决定要找出她当前处境中的“优点”所在——就像父亲信中所说的 “星星”一样¸所以用 situation 表示“处境”。 32． B 从上文可知¸作者与当地人交了朋友¸而他们的“反应”也令她很吃惊¸故用 reaction¸表示“反应、 回应”。 movement 意为“活动”；guidance 意为“指导”；purpose 意为“目的”¸都不符合语境。 33． A 根据语境可知¸当地人把一些他们最喜欢的、拒绝出售给游客的艺术品都当作礼物送给了作者¸ 所以选 refused。 34． B hunt for 是固定词组¸表示“寻找、追寻”¸符合语境。 35． A 结合 34 空可知¸数百万年前¸沙漠还是洋底¸故选 floor。 36． D 从上下文可知¸是什么让作者产生了令人吃惊的变化呢？此处 astonishing 表示“令人吃惊的”。 37． B 根据语意可知¸沙漠没有改变¸但作者却变了¸所以用 but 表示转折。 38． A 从前文可知¸变的不是周边的环境¸而是作者的人生态度¸故选 attitude。 39． D 根据语意可知¸作者把这次不愉快的经历变成了人生中令人吃惊的冒险历程¸所以选 adventure 表 示“冒险历程”。 40． C 根据全文可知¸最终作者从自我的牢笼里挣脱了出来¸发现了那些美丽的“星星”。 6． (2015 天津) 16． B 【解析】由下文中的¨none of the houses in our price range seemedsatisfactory¨可知¸在我们能 支付的价格范围内没有一所房子令人满意¸故我们的资金有限( limited)。 17． A【解析】句子主语为 0ne agent¸根据生活常识可知¸经纪人为客户推荐房源。recommend“推荐”¸ 符合语境。 1 8． C 【解析】由下文中的“so we declined”可知¸房价超出了我们的支付能力。beyond our range 表 示“超出我们的支付能力”。 19． A【解析】但是她力劝我们至少看一看。at least“至少”¸符合语境。 20． C 【解析】 我们最后去看了房¸并第一眼就爱上了它。根据下文对房子的描述¸尤其是“As perfect as it was”可知答案。 21． B 【解析】在那所房子中我们感受到了婚姻的温暖和幸福。根据语境可知¸应填 happiness“幸福 ¸快乐”。 22． D【解析】of 为介词¸后跟从句作宾语¸且空处作 like 的宾语¸故用 what。 23． B 【解析】根据空后的“far below the asking price”可知¸几天后¸我们出价¸但远远低于要价。make an offer 表示“出价”。 24． D 【解析】我们的出价比要价低得多¸但他们并没有嘲笑我们。come across“（偶然）遇见”；look after“照顾”；depend on“依靠”；laugh at“嘲笑”。根据语境选 D。 25． A 【解析】他们反而重新要价。此处与上一句形成对比。instead“反而¸却”¸符合语境。 26． C 【解析】这次比最初的要价低多了¸但仍远远超过了我们的支付能力。less than 表示“少于¸低 于”。 27． B 【解析】根据 message 后 that 引导的同位语从句可知¸另一个买家出了更高的价钱。对于我们 来说¸这是个令人失望的 (disappointing)消息。 28． D 【解析】即便是这样¸我们决定直接找房东谈。 29． B 【解析】我们给出了最后的报价¸仍然(still)要比另一个买家的出价低几千美元。 30． D【解析】我们知道这个情况¸但必须还要试一试。空处前后内容表示转折¸故用 but。 31． D 【解析】根据冒号后的内容可知¸此处是他解释卖房的原因。 32． C 【解析】他知道我们多么爱这个地方¸并知道我们会感激（appreciate）他们为这所房子付出的 多年的辛苦。 33． A【解析】他意识到把房子卖给我们要损失一些钱¸但这是值得的。loss“损失”¸符合语境。 34． B【解析】他告诉我们把出价与要价之间的差价当作提前的结婚礼物。故选 difference 表示“差¸ 差额”。 35． A 【解析】好心人¸不是陌生人¸只是不曾谋面的朋友。kind“友好的”¸符合语境。 7． (2015 浙江) 21． D【解析】文章开头提到：作者从哈佛和牛津毕业后¸看到一个个朋友高官厚禄¸事业有成¸再根据 空后的“on their way toimpressive careers”可知应选 D。well“顺利地¸令人满意地”。 22． B【解析】根据第一段的描述可知¸按照社会的标准来看¸他们似乎成功了。Standard“标准”¸符合语 境。 23． A 【解析】从上文中的“As they left student life behind”可知¸这是他们在这个便宜但友好的当 地酒吧的最后(last) 一杯。故选 A。 24． B 【解析】第二段主要讲这些表面看似幸运的人在生活上的一些变化¸因此此处表示从小公寓里 搬出¸搬(moved)进高楼里。 25． C 【解析】这些人预订饭店¸那里一瓶酒的费用相当于大学里的月租金。equal“（在大小、数字、 数量上）等于”¸符合语境。 26． C 【解析】根据空后的＂despite their success¸they aren't happy＂可知¸他们中的许多人承认 (admitted)尽管他们成功¸但他们不快乐。 27． A 【解析】根据空后的“of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks”可知¸complain“抱怨”¸符合语境。 28． B 【解析】从上文中的“feel sad for”可知¸空前的 tasks 是他们不喜欢的。A 项意为“（尤指有 计划地）分发¸分配＂；B 项意为＂不喜欢¸讨厌＂；C 项意为＂（为……）鼓掌＂；D 项意为＂忽略¸忽 视＂。因此选 B。 29． D 【解析】根据上文中的“Some do not respect the companies they workfor and talk of feeling tired and 29 ”可知¸他们不尊重他们的公司¸并且他们感觉累和空虚。根据语境可知¸空处与“tired”并列 ¸故 empty“寂寥的¸空虚的”¸符合语境。 30． C【解析】然而¸他们并没有投入他们的工作¸他们发现他们工作只是为了维持一种他们很快已经适 应了的生活模式。 31． A【解析】参见上题解析。A 项意为“习惯的”；B 项意为“指定的”；C 项意为“独特的¸独一无二 的”；D 项意为“可用的¸可获得的”。故 A 项符合语境。 32． A 【解析】 根据上文中的“people often path”和下文中的“the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something leads them to the same conclusion.”可知¸人们经常说想尝试一份更满意的工作¸但这种想 法最终都落下同样的结局。因此此处选 yet“但是¸然而”表示转折。 33． D 【解析】根据上文中的“leaving their jobs to work for.”可知¸他们离开原来的工作是想做他们 认为更加满意的工作。A 项意为“泄露（消息、秘密等）¸透露”；B 项意为“上交”；C 项意为“放弃”；D 项意为“信任¸信赖”。所以 D 项符合语境。 34． C 【解析】下文中提到的他们有贷款、账单、要还清抵押贷款和为退休存钱¸所以¸要实现他们前 面的想法是不可能的。impossible“不可能的”¸符合语境。 35． D 【解析】此处表示有抵押贷款需要还清¸所以选 Do pay off“付清（还清）债务”。 36． A【解析】他们承认他们这样的生活有所缺失¸但是从这种模式中走出来却又很难。A 项意为“丢 失的”；B 项意为“鼓舞人心的”；C 项意为“下沉的”；D 项意为“明亮的¸闪光的”。故选 A。 37． B【解析】参见上题解析。hard“困难的¸不易的”¸符合语境。 38． A 【解析】在一个趋向于以金钱来衡量一切的社会¸我们从小就知道从金钱的角度来考虑我们的 决定。measure 意为“衡量¸测量”¸符合语境。 39． D 【解析】A 项意为“灾难”；B 项意为“动机”；C 项意为“运动¸活动”；D 项意为“决定”。此 处表示我们从小就知道从金钱的角度来考虑我们的决定¸所以选 D。 40． B 【解析】根据下文中的“These are…to consider most”可知¸那正是我们许多人忽视的价值¸正 是我们最需要考虑的价值。所以¸此处选 involved¸“be involved in…”意为“涉及……”。此处意为：追 求金钱至上¸那么与此同时的个人和社会价值呢？ 8． (2015 福建) 36． B 从下文内容可知¸本文作者不赞同人们老是挑毛病¸所以用 great 表示当你不忙于挑毛病时生活 会很精彩。 37． A receive a letter from sb “收到某人的来信”。 38． C 根据下文的“People were always doing things that annoyed her”（人们做的事总是惹她生气）可知¸ 此处用 bother 表示“使（某人）烦恼”。 39． D 根据 and 前面的句子可知¸此处表示“没有一件事情她觉得好”¸所以用 nothing。 40． B 此处用 boring 表示“令人厌烦的”。 41． A 根据下文可知¸这场意外改变了她的态度。attitude“态度”。 42． D 事故发生前一天 Kerry 拜访了她的这个朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。据此可知¸这使得事情几乎无 法应对。 43． C 根据上文的“it took a humble accident”可知¸此处选 C。 44． D Kerry 批评她的朋友对男朋友的选择。 Choice“选择”。 45． C 空处所在的句子是定语从句¸various other things 是先行词¸关系词 that/which 代替先行词在从句 中作宾语¸所以用 express“表达”。 46． A 直到她的朋友严重受伤 Kerry 才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。aware of“意识到”；afraid of“害怕”； curious about“好奇”¸confused about“感到困惑”。 47． C judge“判断¸评价”。此处 judge…harshly 和上文的“appreciate life”形成对比。 48． B 她也能够把她的新智慧转移到她生活的其他方面。 49． C 上下文是转折关系¸所以用 but。 50． D be critical of 和 find fault with 是同义短语。 51． D 根据上下文可知¸不挑剔并不意味着忽视问题¸ignore¨忽视¨。 52． B 或者假装事情比真实情况要好。 53． A 至少大多数时候是这样的。at least“至少”。 54． B a big deal 是固定搭配¸含义为“重要的事情”。 55． A 根据上下文可知¸要做到这一点需要的是少量的训练。practice“练习”。 9． (2015 新课标Ⅱ) 41． B 结合生活常识可知¸在学校学习¸向朋友学习¸向老师学习都是“传统的”学习方式。这也是与 下文中的向对手学习相对而言的。 42． C 但是你真正需要的学习很可能“存在于”别的地方。 43． D 结合下文提到的女儿所在球队是在周六、周日比赛¸因此作者“有机会”在一个“周末”亲身 体会这一点。 44． C 参见上题解析。 45． B 依据语境可知¸女儿所在的球队表现不错¸因此“进入”锦标赛。 46． A 依据下文该球队周六的比赛情况可知¸这是些“痛苦的”经历。 47． D 结合语境可知¸对手显然是训练有素的¸故选 better。 48． D 根据语境可知¸此时是两个球队在比赛¸故此处指女儿所在的“球队”。 49． B 作为父母¸作者“讨厌”看到女儿非常尽力¸“但是”球队最后还是输掉比赛这样的结局。 50． C 结合语境可知¸女儿所在的球队第一天还是输了。 51． A 根据语境¸此处是说女儿所在球队的队员们¸故选 girls。 52． B 她们第二天“出现”在运动场上风格完全不同了。Showup“ 现¸露面”。 53． D 依据下文中的“They played aggressively and 56 scored a goal”可知周日她们的表现“完全” 不同。 54． A 她们把前一天从对手身上“看到”的技巧和合作精神融人到自己的比赛中。 55． C 此空照应上文中的“for their Sunday game”。 56． A 她们表现得很有进攻性¸“甚至”还进了一球。 57． B 这不由让作者想起和其他队比赛也是一个难得的学习机会。It strikes sb.that…“让某人突然想 到……”¸为固定句型。 58． D 本句与文章首句“Where do you go when you want to learn something”照应。 59． A 结合上文的比赛情况可知¸“经验”是最好的老师。 60． C 这些经验与她们在学校学到的东西可能不会有太大的“不同”¸但是肯定更加深入、更加有意 义¸因为这是她们自己摸索出来的。different from“与…不同”¸符合语境。 10． (2014 重庆) 16． A 空后不定式用 just 加强语气¸意为“只要一想到这件事就……”¸再结合文章首句可知¸此处指的 应该是让作者伤心。因为平时的修修补补都是丈夫来做¸此时作者自然想到了死去的丈夫。 17． B 这里是作者回忆丈夫生前的情况¸即作者和丈夫一起生活的日子。故用 shared 意思是“共有 的”。 18． D 第二段前两句为两个对比句。作者是一个“艺术家”¸给家带来很多想象力¸而丈夫是一个 “实干家”。 19． B 根据“from unpleasant repair jobs”可知¸此处表示“保护……”¸故选 B 项。 20． A 作者当时如此伤心和生气¸以至于完全忽视了这所房子。 21． B 水龙头漏水让作者清醒了¸认识到自己现在得面对修修补补这种挑战了。face up to“敢于面 对¸勇于正视（困难或不快之事）”¸符合语境。 22． C Ahmed 不了解作者家的情况¸看到作者和丈夫的相片¸当然会产生疑问：作者的丈夫不喜欢这 种工作吗？ 23． D 第 18 空后的“He had a real gift for handling chores（家务活）”可知作者认为丈夫生前修理东 西做得相当棒。 24． D 听说作者的丈夫去世了¸Ahmed 当然是给予同情。 25． B 根据第五段最后一句可知¸Ahmed 与作者的丈夫一样很有维修天赋¸因此他的修理工作做得很 好。 26． A 所填词修饰“pain”¸再结合上文提到的作者丈夫去世的情况可知¸此处应该是指作者失去丈夫 的痛苦。 27． C Ahmed 的举动使作者想到世界充满友善。 11 ． (2014 北京) 36． A 由下文中的“laughed their heads off”和“She would open a book¸pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page”可知选 A。 37． B 她被镇上的一家人收养¸这家人“决定”(decided)让她学习美国的生活方式的最好方法是让她 和美国的孩子在一起。 38． C 由上文中的“She was really small for her age of 12”可知¸她是一个“瘦小”( tiny)的女孩。 39． C 由上文中讲到同学们总是嘲笑这个女孩¸且收养女孩的父母也想让女孩和美国的孩 子待在一起 可知¸作者想帮她与同学们“相处融洽”(fit in)。 40． D 如何帮她适应我们¸这需要一个“方法”( way)。 41． C 作者看到 Suzy 把地理书“打开”（opened）到带火车图片的一页。 42． B 由下文中的“it's wonderful”“I'm sure you’ve all noticed the wonderful posters”可知¸她的摹本 是“完美的”（perfect）。 43． D 由下文中的“0n the day of the talent show”可知¸她可以为即将举行的“达人”(talent)秀做 点什么。 44． D 由上文中的“and in her notebook¸she had made a(n) 42 copy”可知¸作者向 Miss Parker 展示了 Suzy 所“画”(drawn)的。 45． C 根据语境可知¸此处表示她“为”(for)达人秀画的海报。 46． B 根据上文中的“I need more of these”及前后语境可知¸需要制作的海报很多¸但 Miss Parker 没有足够的“时间”(time)。 47． D 由上文中的“showed us a poster”和下文中“you've all noticed the wonderful posters”可知¸Suzy 的“海报”(posters)到处都是。 48． A 根据语境可知此处表示我们设立了一个“特殊的”(special)奖项。academic“学术的”¸national “全国的”¸royal“高贵的”¸均不符合语境。 49． A 由下文中的“Who in our school could draw 50 well”可知¸此处表示我们中的一位同学“画” (painted)了它们。 50． B 此处表示在我们学校谁会画得如此好？that 表示“（用以强调程度）那么”¸符合语境。very 表示“很¸非常”；quite 表示“相当”；too 表示“太”。 51． D 由上下文语境可知¸“因为”(since)这位学生的海报画得如此卖力¸她应该得奖¸此处表示因果 关系¸应用 since。 52． A 由上文中的“we have a(n) 48 award”可知¸她应得到一个“奖” ( prize)。 53． B 当作者看到她激动万分的脸庞时¸作者“意识到”(realized)¸她在整个人生中可能从未拥有过什 么。 54． C 参见上题解析。 55． A 由下文中的“Suzy khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening”可知¸此处指每 个人都开始鼓掌。 12． (2014 天津) 16． B 由下文母亲比喻作者跳级的问题可知¸母亲要升职¸但是要到巴西工作。promote 意为“提升¸晋 升”。 17． C 本句中的“allowing you to skip a grade（跳级）”表明老师说孩子做得好¸因此选 well。 18． A 因为需要跳到高一个年级学习¸所以要离开昔日的朋友。 19． C 根据上文的“I was puzzled”可知¸作者对这个问题不是很清楚¸因此这个问题让作者思考了后半 夜。keep me wondering 表示“使我冥思苦想”。 20． D 根据第三段中的“the tough choices”可知¸这里指成年人必须作的艰难决定。 21． A 下文中作者谈到想告诉母亲他每天的事情¸由此可知¸他每天晚上着急地等候电话响。 22． B 上文提到了母亲离开家到巴西工作¸因此母亲不在这里。presence 表示“出席¸到场”。 23． C 由下文中的“how lonely my mother must have been”可知¸作者看到的是母亲住在空旷的公寓中。 24． B 看到母亲生活的空旷的公寓¸作者意识到母亲一定感觉很孤独。 25． D 这是一个强调句式¸句中强调了时间状语“then”¸因此选 that¸构成强调句式的结构。 26． B 由句中的“tough choices”可知¸作者理解了母亲在平衡家庭和工作上所作的艰难选择。balance 是及物动词¸表示“使均衡”。 27． C 在困难面前¸她过去常常告诉作者。faced with 表示“面临”。 28． C 由连词“and”可知¸该空的词与“passion”是近义词¸再根据上文的“difficult decisions”可 知¸应用满腔的热情、积极的态度去应对困难。 29． D 回到家中¸作者经常提醒自己母亲能做到的¸他也能做到。remind 表示“提醒”。 30． A 作者到巴西时¸母亲已经在那里生活了一段时间¸因此选 manage。manage to do sth.表示“设法 做成了某事”。 31． C 看到母亲一个人生活在巴西¸作者认为自己也能学会独立。 32． D 作者学着照顾自己¸并制定高的但可以实现的目标¸句中的“set”和“achievable”暗示着这里指 目标。 33． B 由上文的“My mother is now back with us”可知¸这里指作者的母亲一个人在巴西生活的经历。 34． A 因为母亲的离开¸作者学会了独立生活¸因此这样的付出得到了回报。pay off 表示“取得成功¸ 奏效”。 35． A 与母亲两地分离是不幸的¸但是作者感悟很深¸也培养了自己的独立性¸因此这是因祸得福。 blessing“幸事¸福气”符合语境。 13． (2014 湖南) 36． A 妈妈向作者解释让作者学习熨衣服的原因。根据下文中的"1 was going to be． ． ． a good 38 "可知¸这些是解释学习熨衣服的原因。故 A 项符合语境。 37． D 作者即将独立生活¸需要学习这一重要技能。 38． C 可能熨好的衣服有助于给别人留下好印象。make a good impression 是固定短语¸意为"留下好 印象"¸故 impression 符合语境。 39． B 从下文中的"Ironing was like driving a car． ． ． you might burn down the house"可以看出¸熨 衬衫不是一件简单的事。 40． C 从上文的内容及空后的"like ice-skating"可以推知¸此处是说熨衬衫不像滑冰那样能平稳地运行¸ 故 C 项符合语境。 41． D 熨斗产生蒸汽¸且它带有危险因素。根据下文中的"you'd get burnt"和"you might burn down the house"可以得出答案。 42． A 如果你离开时忘记关掉熨斗¸你有可能会烧毁房子。go away"离开"；fall down"跌倒¸失败"；jump off"跳下来¸开始"；look up"仰望¸查阅"。根据语境¸应选择 A 项。 43． A 至于技巧¸作者的妈妈教作者从平整的地方开始。根据第一段中的"I'm going to teach you to iron" 可以得出答案。 44． C 衣领靠近脸部¸这是大家都能看到的地方。衣领不是用来"触摸"、"设计"或"赞赏"的¸故排除 A、 B、D 项¸结合语境¸选 C 项。 45． D 学会熟练地熨衬衫使作者有一种自豪感。根据下文中的"Whatever failures I suffer in my life¸an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something"可得出答案。 46． B 此外¸通过熨衣服¸作者学会了解决最棘手的问题的方法。本段主要讲述了作者学习熨衣服后的 两大好处¸结合语境¸选 B 项。 47． B 每次只处理一个褶皱。 deal with 意为"处理¸应对"¸符合语境¸故选 B 项。 14． (2014 北京) 36． A 由下文中的"laughed their heads off"和"She would open a book¸pretending to read¸ with tears dropping on the open page"可知选 A。 37． B 她被镇上的一家人收养¸这家人"决定"(decided)对她来说学习美国的生活方式的最好方法是让 她和美国的孩子在一起。 38． C 由上文中的"She was really small for her age of 12"可知¸她是一个"瘦小"(tiny)的女孩。 39． C 由上文中讲到同学们总是嘲笑这个女孩¸且收养女孩的父母也想让女孩和美国的孩子待在一起 可知¸作者想帮她与同学们"合得来"( fit in)。 40． D 如何帮她适应我们¸这需要一个"方法"(way)。 41． C 作者看到 Suzy 把地理书"打开"(opened)到带火车图片的一页。 42． B 由下文中的"it's wonderful""I'm sure you've all noticed the wonderful posters"可知¸她的摹本是"完 美的"(perfect)。 51． D 由上下文语境可知¸"因为"(since)这位学生的海报画得如此卖力¸她应该得奖¸此处表示因果关 系¸应用 since。 52． A 由上文中的"we have a(n) 48 award"可知¸她应得到一个"奖"( prize)。 53． B 当作者看到她激动万分的脸庞时¸作者"意识到" (realized)¸她在整个人生中可能从未拥有过什 么。 54． C 参见上题解析。 55． A 由下文中的"Suzy khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening"可知¸此处指每个人 都开始鼓掌。 15． (2013 天津) 16． C 根据下文可知¸父亲应是一位农民¸故选 farmer。 17． D 因为 0ntario 遭遇了旱灾¸故这个地区变成了燃烧的 (burning)沙漠。 18． A 根据下文中的¨the grocery store"和上文中的"fill"一词可知此处为订单(order)。 19． B 我们一共需要 50 打¸这通常(normally)需要 20 分钟就 20． A 然而¸那天早上进展(go)得不快。 begin"开始"；occur"发生"；change"改变"¸均不符合语境。 21． B 根据下文的"If the store wants its last twenty dozen"可知¸此处为仍旧(still)需要 20 打。 22． C 根据下文中的"Dropping the basket heavily"和后边作者说的话可知¸作者此时非常沮丧和生气 (angry)。 23． D 根据本段最后一句话可知¸父亲应该一点都不生气¸会乐观面对¸故选 laughed。 24． B 父亲说我们两个一人只剩 10 打了¸故此处的意思是之后我们就完成了。故选 done。 25． A 这就是父亲——不管他遇到( meets with)什么问题¸他从不放弃。bring up"养育¸提出"；work out" 算出¸计划"；think about"认真考虑"。 26． C 根据下文内容可知¸此处表示不幸地(Unfortunately)。 27． D 分析语境可知¸空处前后之间为转折关系¸故选 but。 28． C 根据上下文可知¸父亲很乐观¸因此他继续(continued) 对其他事情心怀感激。 29． B 直到那时我才真正开始了解（appreciate）父亲和他的信念¸正是这种信念引领我们度过了那些 艰苦的日子。appreciate"理解¸意识到¸领会"¸符合语境。 30． A 根据下文中的"His loving and selfless nature"可知¸此处应填 love。 31． A 从黎明到傍晚¸他不停地工作来养家糊口(support our family)。 32． B 根据父亲的性格可知¸他总是把我们的幸福放在他个人的幸福之前。 33． A 尽管他劳累了一天¸但他总是在体育比赛上为我加油。in spite of"尽管"；in terms of"谈及¸ 就……而言"；in control of"控制¸管理"；in place of"代替"。故选 A。 34． C 他充满爱的、无私的天性激励着我¸使我变得更有同情心¸更体贴(considerate)¸总是处处先为别 人考虑。 35． D 从父亲身上学到的生活经验(lessons)会让我永远铭记。 16． (2013 新课标Ⅰ) 36． C 本题考查词组辨析。curious about “对……感到好奇”；interested in “对……有兴趣”；aware of“知道¸ 意识到¸关心”；careful with“小心……”；根据上下文可知¸这个小组活动的目的是让我们对残疾人面对的 问题更加的了解和关心。选项 C 符合题意。 37． C 本题考查动词辨析。cure“治愈”；prevent“防止¸预防”；adopt“采用¸挑选”；analyze“分析”；disability 前面有不定冠词 a 修饰¸表示“某一方面的残疾”¸结合上下文可知本句在具体解释前面提到的小组活动的 内容¸即“让我们挑选一个残疾方面¸在周日体验几个小时”。 38． D 本题考查上下文语义。instead“反而¸却”；strangely“奇怪地”；as usual“像平常一样”；like me“像 我一样”；前面提到每个人都需要选择一个项目¸有些人选择了轮椅¸有些人选择了耳塞或眼罩。从下文 可知¸我也是选择了轮椅¸所以答案选 D。 39． A 本题考查 learning“学习¸了解”； working“工作上的¸起作用的”；satisfying“令人满意的”； relaxing“使人放松的”；仅仅是坐在轮椅中都是一个学习了解的过程。 40． B 本题考查形容词辨析。convenient“方便的”；awkward“笨拙的¸难操纵的”；boring“枯燥的”； exciting“令人激动的¸使人兴奋的”；从下文可以知道¸作者在操作轮椅时频频出错¸所以轮椅对他来说应 是很难操纵¸所以¸答案选 B。 41． D 本题考查名词辨析。height“高度”；force“力；权力；暴力”；skill“技巧”；weight“重量¸体重”；force 一般强调用个人意志发出的力量¸而 weight 指客观重量。本句意为“我 一坐上去¸我身体的重量就使轮 椅开始转起来。” 42． A 本题考查动词辨析。lock“锁¸上锁”；repair“修理”；power“充电”；grasp“抓紧¸抓牢”；前面提到 一坐上去¸轮椅就转了起来¸由此可知轮子是没有上锁的。 43． B 本题考查上下文语义。从下文的 footrest 可知¸这里作者应该是不知道把脚搁在哪里。 44． A 本题考查词组搭配。get sth. into place 意为“使……就位¸准备就绪”。 45． C 本题考查名词辨析。operation“操作”；communication“交流¸通讯”；transportation“交通工具”； production“生产”；文章第一段提到作者会在轮椅中体验好几个小时¸从空格后面的 for several hours 可 知¸这里作者看的是轮椅¸而轮椅是一种交通工具¸所以答案选 C。 46． C 本题考查名词辨析。exploration“探险¸探索”；education“教育”；experiment“尝试¸试验”； entertainment“娱乐”；显然¸对于残疾人来说¸坐轮椅不是一次临时的尝试。 47． D 本题考查形容词辨析。flexible“灵活的”；safe“安全的”；starting“开始的”；comfortable“舒服的”； 此处意为“我试着去找一个比较舒服的姿势。 48． B48 可与 49、50 连起来判断答案。从下文“环顾四周¸我才意识到我要自己推这个轮椅！”从作者 的感叹语气可以推断¸作者一开始还以为会有人来带着他到处走走¸所以觉得这样很不错。48 题选 B¸此 处 just 意为“真正地¸实在¸的确”¸后面常接形容词¸用于口语中。这是一道比较难的题目。49 题选 B¸be pushed around 表示“被别人推着到处转转”。50 题选 A¸realize“意识到”。 49． B 见上题答案。 50． A 见上题答案。 51． B 本题考查动词辨析。lift“举起来”；turn“转动”；press“按压”；seize“抓住”¸作者是坐在轮椅上¸所 以这里应该是转动轮椅¸答案选 B。 52． C 本题考查名词辨析。path“小路”；position“位置”；direction“方向”；way“路¸路线”；这里应该是 控制轮椅的方向¸答案选 C。 53． A 本题考查上下文语义。前面提到“在转动轮椅的时候¸我的手开始痛起来”¸由此可知¸控制轮椅的 方向并不是一件轻松活¸答案选 A。 54． D 本题考查动词辨析。forget“遗忘¸忘记”；repeat“重复”；conduct“管理¸引导¸指挥”；finish“结 束”。首先可以排除 B、C 选项¸从后面一句“它给我留下来深刻的印象”可知¸作者并没有很快就忘记这次 坐轮椅之旅¸所以可以排除 A 项。 55． B 本题考查名词辨析。weakness“弱点¸缺点”；challenge“挑战”；anxiety“焦虑¸担心”；illness“病¸疾 病”；从最后的 overcome 可知¸这里应该是克服“挑战”。 17． (2013 福建) 36． AA 出现¸B 移动 C 暴露 D 扩大¸从上文的雾在上升¸说明海边的村子一个一个的出现了¸故选 A。 37． C A 参考¸所指¸B 旅游¸C 指向¸D 来¸句意：我边说边指着海湾对面的破旧房子¸故选 C。 38． DA 分享的¸B 短暂的¸C 新鲜的¸D 珍惜的。我去 Nova Scoti 为孙女寻根¸为自己寻找珍藏的记忆¸故 选 D。 39． CA 通过 B 抚养 C 搬家 D 送。根据前文 mobile children 可知 Lisa 经常搬家¸故选 C。 40． AA 家¸B 责任¸C 事实¸D 宽慰¸因为上句说 Lisa 经常搬家¸她希望有家的感觉¸故选 A。 41． BA 建造¸B 生活 C 仍然 D 探险。句意：我和丈夫出生的地方和祖先生活了 200 年的地方¸故选 B。 42． BA 赶上 B 停靠在一边 C 走下来 D 下来¸句意：我们很快停在房子旁边¸故选 B。 43． CA 落下¸B 转弯¸C 冲¸D 带来¸句意：记忆像洪水一样涌来¸故选 C。 44． DA 院子 B 村子 C 房间 D 房子¸前文提到 pulled up by the house¸故选 D。 45． CA 适应 B 吸引 C 属于 D 发生¸句意：房子还属于家庭的一个成员¸故选 C。 46． BA 穿过（表面）B 穿过（内部）C 沿着 D 经过。句意：我不能进入房子¸但我可以走过记忆中的 房间¸故选 B。 47． DA 躺 B 玩 C 站 D 坐¸句意：妈妈坐在卧室的窗户边写日记¸故选 D。 48． DA 行军 B 打破 C 打破 D 涌入¸我还能看见热情的家人涌入¸故选 D。 49． BA 在…之间¸B 和…一起¸C 在…附近¸D 在…后面¸句意：我和他们在一起永远不觉得够¸选 B。 50． BA 想知道¸B 听 C 反应 D 同意¸我在谈话的时候¸Lisa 认真地听¸选 B。 51． AA 开始 B 成长 C 学习 D 逗留¸Lisa 说那么这就是我开始的地方了。和后文的 belong 对应¸故选 A。 52． DA 加深 B 认识 C 接受 D 发现¸根据前文 seeking roots for her 可知 Lisa 找到了她的根¸故选 D。 53． AA 心 B 权利 C 兴趣 D 行为¸句意：人类的内心最渴望的东西是知道自己来自何处¸故选 A。 54． C 根据句意¸我们每个人都需要那个根¸特指前文的 an origin¸故选 C。 55． AA 含义 B 表达 C 联系 D 背景¸回顾过往¸我们可以看见独特的自我¸明白“I”的真正含义¸故选 A。 18． (2013 江苏) 36． A 根据第三段中的"individual"可知应选 separately¸表示我们每个人都在独自追求梦想。 37． B 根据本段内容可知¸作者的梦想破碎了。fall apart 表示"破裂¸破碎"¸符合语境。 fall off"掉下¸ 脱落"；fall over"倒下"；fall out"争吵"。 38． D search…for…表示"在……寻找……"¸符合语境。 39． D 根据上文内容可知¸作者身上只剩下 56 美元¸因此他会租最便宜的房子。 40． C 蜿蜒的山路应该是在河的对岸¸故此处用介词 over。 4l． B 根据句中对房子的描写可知它已经好久没有人住了¸ 因此选 abandoned"废弃的"。 42． C 因为房子里到处都是碎玻璃和垃圾¸因此作者清理了一个角落安身。clear"清除¸清理"¸符合语 境。 43． A 当地人一点儿都不了解我¸但是渐渐地他们开始教我做邻居的技巧。空处前后为转折关系¸因 此选 but。 44． D 根据文章后面的内容可知¸作者从邻居那儿学到了做邻居的技巧¸因此选 D。 45． A stick around 表示"逗留"¸符合语境。 46． C 根据句中破折号后面的内容可知¸此处表示一个不同的美国梦¸因此选 different。 47． A 根据 44 空后的"neighbor"和文章的中心可知应选 neighborliness¸与本句中 individual 形成对比。 48． D 我原本认为的一切对于惬意的生活来说都是必需的东西在这里却找不到踪影¸因此选 necessary ¸与句中的"nonexistent"相对应。 49． A 根据第二段中的"our miles up a winding mountain road" 可知作者是在山上¸因此选 up。 50． B 与邻居之间的关系是作者最珍贵的财富¸故选 relationships。 51． C 选 town¸与上文第二段中的"countryside"相呼应。 52． B 根据句中的"having a really hard time"可知他们失去了工作和住所¸因此选 losing。 53． C take in"收留"¸符合语境。 54． B 如果不是大家齐心协力¸那么我们都将栖身于避难所¸因此选 shelters 。 55． D 本句点明中心：美国梦不是关于一个人能够获得什么¸而是关于我们在一起如何去实现它¸因 此选 how。 19． (2012 天津) 16． B 从下文的 that grant rock 可知选 B。 17． A immediately:立即¸马上。句意：我触摸到那块巨石时¸立刻知道我想攀登它。 18． C 根据 17 空后的 climb 可知。 19． B 根据 22 空后的 such a beautiful home-like place 可知。 20． C 根据 like 后面例举的内容可知。 21． A beyond:超出 句意是：我不理解游客为什么不爱护这个地方。 22． C 根据上文游客在这样一个美丽的地方丢弃大量的垃圾¸故选 less。 23． B 根据上文¸我看到游客丢垃圾很心痛¸于是自己去捡起那些游客丢弃的垃圾。Pick up 捡起； throw away 扔掉；break down 出故障¸抛锚；dig out 发掘¸找到。 24． D 花费时间做某事用 spend sometime on sth． 故选 D。 25． C 根据上文的：only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later, 以及下文的：that I decided something had to change． 可知作者自己疲惫了单独捡垃圾。 26． D 根据下一句 but 后的内容¸可知此句意思为作者不知道如何组织大型活动。 27． A 根据下文中的超过三百多人参加捡垃圾以及下一段中的 each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere, 可知此处填 A（清扫）。 28． B 根据下一句：over three days we collected about 6000 pounds of trash, 可知“那一天¸超过三百 多人参加了清扫垃圾的活动”¸故选 B（出席¸到场）。 29． C 根据上一句：over three days we collected about 6000 pounds of trash, 可知选 C（完成）。 30． D 根据破折号后的 the park looked clan, 可知¸因为我们把公园的垃圾捡完了¸公园变得干净了¸ 与以前不同了¸故选 D。 31． C 此句的意思是“单独 2007 一年中¸2945 人捡了 4233 磅垃圾¸覆盖了 132 英里的路面”。 32． B 根据 33 空后的 complain 可知选 B。 33． A 此句意思是“我想说改变一件事情的唯一方式是做¸而不是抱怨”¸故选 A。 34． C 句意是“我们需要榜样”,故选 C。 35． D 句意是“我们不能责备别人¸除非以身作则”¸故选 D。 20． ( 2012 全国 II) 21． B 结合本句的内容可知¸"尽管"作者经验丰富并且拥有硕士学位¸但仍然找不到令人满意的工作。 22． C 参见上题解析。satisfying"令人满意的"¸符合语境。 23． A 结合第三段开头部分的"As I pulled the bus over…"可知¸作者靠"开"校车维持生计。 24． D 本句后半部分提到因为作者已经失去了自己的公寓¸由此可知作者与一个朋友"住"在一起。 25． B 根据该空后的内容可知¸作者"参加"了一家公司的五次面试。 26． D 本句前半部分提到作者多次参加一家公司的面试¸再根据该段最后一句的内容可知¸他们打来 电话说作者没有"得到"这份工作。 27． A 作者没有找到满意的工作¸又失去了自己的公寓¸多次面试后失败了¸因此痛苦地埋怨生活的"艰 难"。 28． B 第二段的开头部分提到作者靠开校车维持生计¸由此可知作者把车停在路边¸让一个小女孩"下 车"。 29． C 小女孩给了作者一只耳环¸并"说"让作者保存这只耳环。 30． A 根据空后的"somebody claimed（认领）it"可推测出¸小女孩将捡到的耳环交给了作者保管¸"以 防"有人认领。 31． B 作者起初非常生气¸后来突然有了新的想法。此处 it hit sb． 为固定用法¸表示"某人突然想起 "。 32． B 作者突然意识到自己一直以来都在"关注"生活中错误的事情¸而不是正确的事情。 33． D 参见上题解析。而且此处与第二段中的"Why has my life become so． ． ． "相呼应。故答案 为 D 项。 34． A 作者当场决定列出一份让自己高兴的 50 件事情的"清单"。另外¸后一句中的 the list． 也是线 索提示。 35． D 后来¸作者决定在清单上"添加"更多的内容。"add sth． to sth． "表示" 把……添加到……"。 36． C 根据后一句中的内容可知一位女士打电话给作者。 37． A 根据后一句中的 medical workers 可知¸这位女士是一家大"医院"的主管。 38． C 这位女士询问作者是否愿意给 200 名医务工作者做一次为期一天的关于压力管理的讲座。 39． C 此处与上一段最后部分中的"． ． ． a one-day． ． ． "相呼 应¸表示那一天（事情）进展 得非常顺利。 40． D 时至今日¸作者知道是因为改变了"思考"的方式才彻底改变了自己的人生。此处也与"I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my33 rather than what was right!"相呼应。 21． ( 2011 北京) 36． C 除非老师给"我"指定一个座位¸不然的话¸"我"就会坐到教室的后边。 37． D 教室的后边是"我"自己选择的位置¸choose 表示"选择"。 38． B 由下文叙述的内容可知通过篮球训练¸"我"的心态发生了很大的改变。 39． A 因为自己没有平衡感¸也没有能力跟上队里的其他队员¸所以"我"起先认为老师的想法(idea)很 荒唐。 40． C "我"认为自己也没有能力(ability)跟上队里的其他队员。 41． A 要不是老师坚持要"我"打篮球¸"我"不会决定去尝试。go for it 表示"放手向前¸努力争取"。 42． B 鼓起勇气参加选拔赛仅仅是"我"尝试的一半。 43． C 当"我"第一次参加篮球训练时¸"我"甚至不知道打篮球的规则。故选 C¸attend 表示"参加"。 44． A "我"连篮球的规则都不懂¸更不用说"我"在做什么了。much less 是"更不用说"的意思¸符合语境。 45． D 下文说"我"朝着错误的方向投球¸说明"我"糊涂了¸故选 D。 46． B "我"不是队中唯一的新手¸暗示此处说的是"幸运地¸幸亏"。 47． A 由下文的内容"我"在不断练习、提高可知¸这里指"我"决定集中精力学习篮球。 48． D 此处表示作者不苛求自己此时做还不太了解的事情。上文已经提到了¸作者不懂篮球规则¸故 选 D。 49． C 经过一段时间的训练¸"我"了解了篮球的规则以及如何在场上移动。 50． B 不久¸"我"内心深处那种竞争意识战胜了缺乏自信心的"我"。the competitive part in me 表示作 者内心的那种竞争观念。 51． A 在训练过程中¸"我"学会了打篮球¸并且交了朋友。in the process 表示"在过程中"。 52． B 伴随着日益增强的自信心而来的是老师和同学们的更多表扬。 53． D "我"也从那个"躲"在教室后边的¸不愿引起他人注意的学生变成了一个敢于举手发言的学生。 54． D go from． ． ． to…"从……变成……"。 55． C 即使"我"有时不能百分之百确信自己的答案正确¸"我"也会举手发言。 22． ( 2011 天津) 16． B play a(n)． ． ． role in． ． ． 表示"在……方面发挥……作用"。role 在此前置被 what 修 饰了。故选 B。 17． A 根据下文内容可知¸此处表示妈妈攒钱去法律学校读书¸save 表示"积攒¸节省"¸符合语境。 18． C 22 空后面的"in law school"是提示。 19． A 分析句子成分可知 for 后面是一个宾语从句¸且从句中缺少宾语¸故用 what。 20． D 此处表示妈妈正埋在成堆的法律书中学习。Be buried under sth． 表示"埋在……中"¸此处引申为 "专心做某事"¸故选 D。 21． C 根据下文的"Why were you doing"和 22 空后面的． ． ． more puzzled"可知¸作者很困惑。C 项表示"困惑的¸无法理解的"¸符合语境。 22． B 根据上下文内容可知¸此处表示为考试学习¸故选 B。 23． D 此处表示"我不知道妈妈们也能够成为律师"¸这里是作者的猜测¸故选 D。 24． A 此处表示"妈妈的那句话时常在我的耳边回响"¸ring in one's ears 表示"在某人耳边回响"¸故选 A 。 25． C 根据语境可知¸完成学业和同爸爸开公司等都是妈妈面临的"挑战"¸故选 C。 26． D 根据第一段第一句中的"modeled for fashion photographers"可知妈妈还是一个模特。 27． B 上文提到的"完成学业和爸爸开公司等"都是妈妈正进行的行动¸故选 B。in action 表示"在行动 中"。 28． C 根据第三段开头的"As young as l was"可知¸此处表示"在我年幼的脑海里"¸故选 C。 29． D 根据上文的"I suddenly felt unlimited freedom to dream"可知"我的整个世界随之变得开阔"¸故选 D。open up 在文中表示"拓展¸打开"。 30． A 根据后面的"seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements"可知¸作者开 始让自己的生活充满"希望"。故选 A。 31． A 根据下文内容可知作者"不断地"取得了一个又一个成绩¸故选 A。 32． C 此处考查词组"either． ． ． or． ． ． "的用法¸故选 C。 33． B 文章第三段第一句中的"that statement kept． ． ． "是提示。 34． D 根据前面的"不怕犯错误"可知¸这里指的是"渴望"迎接每一个挑战。故选 D。A 项"秘密地"¸B 项 "好奇地"¸C 项"粗心地"¸均不符合语境。 35． A 此处意为"你那样做了¸我现在正在做"。故选 A。 23． ( 2010 福建) 36． C 当"我"三岁的时候¸父母给"我"看一些卡片¸上面有一些汉字¸但是"我"把它们推开了。 character" 文字"¸符合语境。custom"风俗"¸game"游戏"¸language"语言"¸均不符合语境。 37． D 由语境可知¸此处为转折关系¸父母将一些带汉字的卡片给"我"看¸但是"我"把它们推开了。push aside"把……推向一旁"¸符合语境。push ahead"向前推¸推进"¸push around"使呼¸不停地支使"¸push along"继续前行"¸均不符合语境。 38． A 妈妈相信当"我"准备好的时候就会学的。when 符合语境。 39． C 由句中的 But 所表示的转折关系可知¸这个时间一直没有到来。这里指"我"准备好学习汉字的 时间¸与上句照应。 40． D 叔叔对"我"说汉语¸但是¨我¨能做的就是盯着他¸很迷惑¸直挠头。stare (at)"盯着"符合语境。 41． B "还不会说汉语啊？"他取笑"我"说。"你甚至在唐人街连条鱼都买不来。"此处是叔叔对"我"善 意的嘲笑。故用 laugh at"嘲笑"。care about"对……感兴趣¸关心"；argue with"与……争吵"；ask after"问 候¸问好"。 42． A 句意："嘿¸这是美国¸不是中国¸我现在用不用汉语都能立马给你买来(一些鱼)。"right now"立 刻¸马上"¸符合语境。 43． B "我"说完转向妈妈¸想征求她的同意。permission"允许¸同意"¸符合语境。decision"决定"； information"信息"；preparation"准备"。 44． A "我"重复了这几个字¸跑下楼去到了唐人街。根据语境可知"我"不会说汉语¸显然应该是重复妈 妈说的¸repeat"重复"。 45． B "我"找到了那个卖鱼的摊点¸有很多顾客围着买鱼。stand"售货处¸摊点"¸符合语境。farm"农场 "；pond "池塘"；market"市场"。 46． D "我"想买些鲜鱼¸但是渔民不理会"我"说的英语¸转而去招呼下一位顾客。ignore"忽视¸不顾¸不 理"¸符合语境。guess"猜想"；forget"忘记"；doubt"怀疑"。 47． C 后面人的笑声随着他们的不耐烦而增加。with 随着¸符合语境。 48． A 随着时间分分秒秒地过去¸"我"背上龙的气息越来越强烈—"我"的血液沸腾了—迫使"我"大叫起 来。second"秒¸瞬间"¸符合语境。effort"努力"；desire"欲望"；movement"移动"。 49． A 由语境可知¸应用 forcing"迫使¸强迫"。allow"允许"；persuade"说服"；lead"领导"。 50． D 大家都大笑起来¸"我"的脸红了¸两手空空跑回了家。根据上下文可知¸"脸红了"才符合语境。 51． C "我"没有买到鱼¸除了兜里紧攥着的那 20 美元的钞票。empty-handed"空手的"¸符合语境。 open-mouthed"目瞪口呆的¸吃惊的"；tongue-tied"发音不清的¸结结巴巴的"；broken-hearted"伤心的"。 52． B 他们是华人¸"我"也是¸"我"应该感到很自在的¸相反¸"我"成了嘲笑的对象¸一个给这门语言丢脸 的人。feel at home"感觉自在"¸符合语境。 53． D 有时"我"也嘲笑自己那次买鱼的事。incident"发生的事¸小插曲"¸符合语境。trade"贸易"；deed" 行为"；challenge"挑战"。 54． C 但是¸最终玩笑开到自己身上了。 55． B 此处作者表达的是每次嘲笑都是文化的缺失¸每次嘲笑都让"我"身上的传统逐渐消失。分析句 子结构可知¸该空应与 fading away 意思相近¸结合选项可知 B 项正确。 考点 12 说明文类 1． （2015 广东） How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 2 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 4 die. Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 5 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years! When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 6 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 7 until after age 75. People are living longer because more people 8 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 9 . Now that the chances of dying 10 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. 0n the whole, our population is getting older. The 11 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 12 , not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not in age. As the society grows old, we need the 14 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 15 active and devoted. 1． A． designed B． selected C． improved D． discovered 2． A． completely B． generally C． apparently D． extremely 3． A． rapidly B． harmlessly C． endlessly D． separately 4． A． eventually B． hopelessly C． automatically D． desperately 5． A． busier B． longer C． richer D． happier 6． A． finishing B． guiding C． waiting D． dividing 7． A． stress B． damage C． decline D． failure 8． A． survive B． enjoy C． remember D． value 9． A． problems B． fears C． worries D． diseases 10． A． poor B． young C． sick D． quiet 11． A． changes B． recovery C． safety D． increases 12． A． dreams B． chances C． strengths D． choices 13． A． mind B． appearance C． voice D． movement 14． A． protection B． suggestions C． contributions D． permission 15． A． sound B． appear C． turn D． stay 2． （2015 安徽) In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing ( 制 造 业 ) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41. Another cause is our 42 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 43 people, we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. 0ur appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 36． A． key B． reason C． project D． problem 37． A． gifts B． rubbish C． debt D． products 38． A． ace B． become C． observe D． change 39． A． hide B． control C． replace D． withdraw 40． A． Thanks to B． As to C． Except for D． Regardless of 41． A． safe B． funny C． cheap D． powerful 42． A． love B． lack C． prevention D． division 43． A． sensitive B． kind C． brave D． busy 44． A． ways B． places C． jobs D． friends 45． A． donate B． receive C． produce D． preserve 46． A． adapts B． returns C． responds D． contributes 47． A． tired of B． addicted to C． worried about D． ashamed for 48． A． newer B． stronger C． higher D． larger 49． A． pick up B． pay for C． hold onto D． throw away 50． A． advantages B． purposes C． functions D． consequences 51． A． show B． record C． decrease D． measure 52． A． technology B． environment C． consumers D． brands 53． A． However B． 0therwise C． Therefore D． Meanwhile 54． A． by B． in favour of C． after D． instead of 55． A． spending B． collecting C． repairing D． advertising 3． （2014 新课全国 I) As a general rule ¸all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine ( 常规) basis． As a matter of fact． we can see this 41 at work in people of all 42 ． For example¸on Christmas morning¸childrenare excited about 43 with their new toys． But their 44 soon wears off and by January those 45 toys can befound put away in the basement ． The world is full of 46stamp albums and unfinished models¸each standing as amonument to someone's 47 interest． When parents bringhome a pettheir child 48 bathes it and brushes its fur． Within a short time¸however¸the 49 of caring for theanimal is handed over to the parents． Adolescents enter highschool with great 50 but are soon looking forwardto51 ． The same is true of the young adults going to college． And then¸how many 52 ¸ who now complain(抱怨) about the long drives to work． 53 drove for hours at a time when they first 54 their driver's licenses (执照)? Before people retire¸they usually 55 to do a lot of 56 things¸which they never had 57 to do whileworking． But 58 after retirement¸the golfing¸thefishing¸the reading and all of the other pastimes become asboring as the jobs they 59 ． And¸like the child inJanuary¸they go searching for new 60 ． 41． A． principle B． habitC． way D． power 42． A． parties B． races C． countries D． ages 43． A． working B． livingC． playing D． going 44． A． confidence B． interestC． anxiety D． sorrow 45． A． same B． extraC． funny D． expensive 46． A． well-organized B． colorfully-printed C． newly-collected D． half-filled 47． A． broad B． passing C． different D． main 48． A． silently B． impatientlyC． gladly D． worriedly 49． A． promise B． burdenC． right D． game 50． A． courage B． calmnessC． confusion D． excitement 51． A． graduation B． independenceC． responsibility D． success 52． A． children B． studentsC． adults D． retirees 53． A． carefully B． eagerlyC． nervously D． bravely 54． A． required B． obtainedC． noticed D． discovered 55． A． need B． learn C． start D． plan 56． A． great B． strange C． difficult D． correct 57． A． time B． moneyC． skills D． knowledge 58． A． only B． well C． even D． soon 59． A． lost B． chose C． left D． quit 50． A． pets B． toysC． friends D． colleagues 4． (2013 广东) Number sense is not the ability to count． It is the ability to recognizea l in number． Human beings are born with this ability． 2experiments show that many animals are¸too． For example¸many birdshave good number sense． If a nest has four 'eggs and you remove one¸thebird will not 3 ． However¸if you remove two¸the bird 4leaves． This means that the bird knows the 5 between two andthree． Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense． A man was trying to take a photo of a crow (乌鸦) that had a nest in a tower¸but the crow always left when she saw him coming． The bird didnot 7 until the man left the tower． The man had an 8 ． He tookanother man with him to the tower． 0ne man left and the other stayed¸but they did not 9 the bird． The crow stayed away until the secondman left¸too． The experiment was 10 with three men and then withfour men． But the crow did not return to the nest until all the menwere 11 ． It was not until five men went into the tower and only four leftthat they were 12 able to fool the crow． How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good． Forexample¸babies about fourteen months old almost always notice ifsomething is taken away from a 13 group． But when the number goesbeyond three or four¸the children are 14 fooled． It seems that number sense is something we have in common withmany animals in this world¸and that our human 15 is not muchbetter than a crow's． 1． A． rise B． patternC． change D． trend 2． A． Importantly B． SurprisinglyC． Disappointedly D． Fortunately 3． A． survive B． careC． hatch D． notice 4． A． generally B． sincerelyC． casually D． deliberately 5． A． distance B． rangeC． difference D． interval 6． A． amazing B． annoyingC． satisfying D． disturbing 7． A． relax B． recoverC． react D． return 8． A． appointment B． excuseC． idea D． explanation 9． A． fool B． hurtC． catch D． kill 10． A． reported B． repeatedC． designed D． approved 11． A． confused B． goneC． tired D． drunk 12． A． gradually B． luckilyC． strangely D． finally 13． A． single B． smallC． local D． new 14． A． seldom B． temporarilyC． merely D． often 15． A． sight B． natureC． ability D． belief 5． ( 2012 新课标全国) Body language is the quiet ¸ secret and most powerfullanguage of all ！ It speaks 36 than words． According tospecialists¸our bodies send out more． 37 than we realize． In fact¸non-verbal (非 言语) communication takes up about 50% 0f what we really 38 ． And body 39 whenlanguage is particularly 39 When we attempt tocommunicate across cultures． Indeed¸what is called bodylanguage is so 40 a part of us that it's actually oftenunnoticed． And misunderstandings occur as a result of it． 41 ¸different societies treat the 42 between people differently ． Northern Europeans usually do not like having 43 contact( 接 触 )even with friends ¸ and certainly not with 44 ． People from Latin American countries ¸ 45 ¸ touch each other quite a lot． Therefore¸it's possible that in 46 ¸it may look like a Latino is 47a Norwegian all over the room． The Latino¸trying to expressfriendship． will keep moving 48 ． The Norwegian¸veryprobably seeing this as pushiness¸will keep 49 — which the Latino will in return regard as 50． Clearly ¸ a great deal is going on when people 51 ． And only a part of it is in the words themselves． And whenparties are from 52 cultures¸there's a strong possibilityof 53 ． But whatever the situation¸the best 54 isto obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would liketobe 55 ． 36． A． straighter B． louderC． harder D． further 37． A． sounds B． invitationsC． feelings D． messages 38． A． hope B． receiveC． discover D． mean 39． A． immediate B． misleadingC． important D． difficult 40． A． well B． farC． much D． long 41． A． For example B． ThusC． However D． In short 42． A． trade B． distanceC． connections D． greetings 43． A． eye B． verbalC． bodily D． telephone 44． A． strangers B． relativesC． neighbours D． enemies 45． A． in other words B． on the other hand C． in a similar way D． by all means 46． A． trouble B． conversationC． silence D． experiment． 47． A． disturbing B． helping C． guiding D． following 48． A． closer B． fasterC． in D． away 49． A． stepping forward B． going onC． backing away D． coming out 50． A． weakness B． carelessnessC． friendliness D． coldness 51． A． talk B． travelC． laugh D． think 52． A． different B． EuropeanC． Latino D． rich 53． A． curiosity B． excitementC． misunderstanding D． nervousness 54． A． chance B． timeC． result D． advice 55． A． noticed B． treatedC． respected D． pleased 6． ( 2010 安徽) Most people give little thought to the pens they writewith¸especially since the printers in modern homes andoffices mean that very 36 things are handwritten． All toooften¸people buy a pen based only on 37 ¸and wonderwhy they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it． However¸buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not 39 if youkeep the following in mind． First of all¸a pen should fit comfortably in your handand be 40 to use． The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征) 41 comfort． Having a small hand and thick fingers¸you may be comfortable with athin pen． If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers¸youmay 43 a fatter pen． The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort ． A pen that is too 45 can easily feel top-heavy and unstable． Then¸the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper． 47 will make it possible for you to createa 48 line of writing． The point should also be sensitiveenough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted． Apoint that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink51 you pick the pen up and put it down again． 52 ¸the pen should make a thick¸dark line． Fineline pens may 53 bad handwriting¸but fine¸ delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text¸as¸ 55 ¸a signature on a printed letter． A broader line¸on the other hand¸gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)． 36． A． many B． fewC． pleasant D． important 37． A． looks B． reasonC． value D． advantages 38． A． once B． if C． because D． though 39． A． convenient B． practicalC． strange D． difficult 40． A． heavy B． easy C． hard D． safe 41． A． taking B． findingC． determining D． seeking 42． A． stronger B． weaker C． smaller D． larger 43． A． prefer B． recommendC． prepare D． demand 44． A． hardly B． also C． never D． still 45． A． thick B． light C． long D． soft 46． A． change B． allow C． reduce D． press 47． A． They B． 0ne C． This D． Some 48． A． thin B． rough C． black D． smooth 49． A． prevent B． free C． protect D． remove 50． A． way B． sight C． flow D． stream 51． A． so B． as C． and D． yet 52． A． Meanwhile B． GenerallyC． Afterwards D． Finally 53． A． show up B． differ fromC． break clown D． compensate for 54． A． attention B． supportC． respect D． admission 55． A． at most B． for exampleC． in brief D． on purpose 第二部分 完形填空 考点 12 说明文答案 1． （2015 广东） 1． A【解析】此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到 120 岁。design 意为“设计”。 2． D【解析】根据上下文可知¸此处表示 110 岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长——如果一 个人极其健康和幸运的话¸extremely“极度¸极其”。 3． C 【解析】这里表示人类细胞不能永无止境地自我繁殖¸所以人才会变老。Endlessly“无止境地¸ 无限地”。 4． A【解析】get old 的最终结果就是死亡¸因此用 eventually 表示“最终”。 5． B 【解析】根据下文的美国人的平均寿命从 47 岁增长到 75 岁可知¸这里应选 longer。 6． D【解析】根据空后的“between middle age and old age”可知¸此处指的是“分界线”¸dividing line “分界线¸界限”¸符合语境。 7． C 【解析】根据上文提到的 65 岁作为中年和老年的分界线已经过时了¸再结合空后的“until after age 75”可知¸本题选 decline¸这里指身体各功能的衰退。 8． A 【解析】根据下文中的“Before modem medicine changed 9 ”中的“changed”和“died of” 可知¸现代医学改变了这一状况¸由此可知现在更多人活过童年¸因此用 survive 。 9． D 【解析】通过上文的“modem medicine”可知此处选 diseases。 10． B 【解析】由上文中的“childhood”可知这里应选 young¸空后的“thechances of living long are much higher”也是提示。 11． A 【解析】通过下文的“such changes”可知本题的答案。 12． B 【解析】根据后面的“not disaster”可知这里用 chances¸也就是一些人看到的是机会而不是灾 难。 13． A【解析】in mind 和后文的 in age 相对应。 14． C 【解析】此处指的是我们需要老年人的贡献（contributions）。故选 C。 15． D【解析】stay active 意思为“保持积极”。 2． (2015 安徽) 36． D 根据第一段末句中的＂because people． ． ． than ever before＂可知这里描述的是一种世界各 国正在面临的问题 ( problem)。 37． B 根据空格后的原因状语从句＂because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before＂ 可知答案。 38． B 文章第二段、第三段和第四段分析了我们变成一次性物品充斥的社会的原因。由此可知此句是 总领性的句子——我们是怎样变成一次性物品充斥的社会的。 39． C 因为此文谈及的是一次性物品充斥的社会。在一次性物品充斥的社会中¸和花时间与金钱修理 东西相比¸更换一个东西当然要更容易些。hide＂隐藏＂；control＂控制＂；replace＂取代＂； withdraw＂提取＂。 40． A 由于现代制造业和技术¸公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生产东西。thanks to＂幸亏¸由于＂。 4 1． C 由上一句中的＂produce products quickly and inexpensively"可知¸产品应该是充足的和便宜的。 故此空应填 cheap。 42． A 由第三段可知¸人们喜爱一次性产品是因为它可以节约时间¸使人们的生活更轻松。这里表明 人们对一次性产品的喜爱是另外一个原因。prevention＂预防＂；division＂分开¸分隔＂。 43． D 为什么要节约时间？是因为人们比较忙。 busy＂忙碌的＂¸符合语境。 44． A 忙碌的我们总是寻找节省时间的方法¸故选 ways。 45． C 公司生产许多不同种类的一次性产品。根据前句的语境可知此处表示生产( produce) 一次性 产品。donate＂捐赠＂；preserve＂保护＂。 46． D 由本段内容可知¸我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题。 adapt to"适应"；return to"返 回＂；respond to＂对……作出反应＂；contribute to＂是……的原因之 一＂。 47． B 根据前句＂我们对新产品的欲望也会引起这个问题＂¸以及后句＂we will be happier with the latest products＂推理可知此处应选 B¸be addicted to＂对……上瘾＂。 48． A 根据空后的＂we will be happier with the latest products＂可知此处表示＂越新越好＂。 49． D make room for new ones 意为＂为新东西腾出空间＂¸那么如何为新东西腾出空间呢？当然是 通过 throw away ＂扔掉＂。 50． D 根据后句＂Mountains of rubbish justkeep getting bigger＂可知此处指的是＂这种抛弃型的生活 方式造成的后果＂。advantage＂优点＂；purpose＂目的＂；function＂功能＂；consequence＂结果¸后 果＂。 51． C 根据后句中的＂more governments are requiring people to recycle materials＂和文章最后一句中 的＂…to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment＂可知¸人们回收资源的目的是减 少垃圾的数量和保护环境。decrease＂减少＂¸符合语境。 52． B 参见上题解析。 53． A 根据下一段内容以及空格后的＂this is not enough to solve（解决）our problem＂推理可知空格 前后应为转折关系¸故选择 However。 54． D 维修东西和扔掉它们是对立的概念¸因此选择 instead of＂而不是＂。in favor of＂支持＂。 55． A 根据前句中的＂to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away＂以及后句中的＂Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits． ． ． ＂可知选 A。 3． (2014 新课全国 I) 解读：本文通过举例说明这样一个道理：各种形式的活 动¸如果人们经常做¸都会产生厌倦情绪。41． A 其实¸我们可从各年龄段的人们身上看到这个准则是如 何起作用的。第一段的第一句出现短语 As a general rule¸本空填 principle 呼应名词 rule。 42． D 各年龄段的人都会产生厌倦情绪。从下文可知¸孩子厌倦玩具、少年厌倦高中、青年厌倦大 学、成年人厌倦开车、老年人厌倦退休后的生活。因此本空填 ages。 43． C 在圣诞节早上¸孩子们一开始很喜欢玩( playing)他们的新玩具。 44． B 但是¸不久他们对新玩具的兴趣(interest)逐渐消失了。 45． A 到了一月¸同样的(same)玩具再也不能吸引孩子们了¸他们就把那些玩具收起来了。 46． D 生活中满是装满一半(half-filled)邮票的集邮册和没有完工的模型。注意后文的"unfinished"是关 键信息。 47． B 这些东西说明很多人曾经喜欢某一件事¸结果半途而废。他们的兴趣是短暂的(passing)。故选 B。 48． C 当父母带回家一个宠物时¸孩子高兴地( gladly)为它洗澡、刷它的毛。 49． B 但是¸过不了多久¸照顾动物的重担( burden)又被移交给了父母。 50． D 青少年带着极大的兴奋之情( excitement)进入高中。 51． A 但是¸不久他们就盼望着毕业( graduation)。 52． C 前句中的 young adults 暗示下文谈论的是成年人。根据文意可知¸抱怨每天开车上班花费时间 长的人¸应该是成年人。 53． B 而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时¸他们翘首企盼(eagerly)一次开好几个小时。eagerly"渴望地"¸符合文 意。 54． B obtain"得到"。这里指考取驾照。 55． D 在退休前¸人们通常计划(plan)做很多事情。 56． A 这些事情是他们上班时没有时间做的大事(great things)。 57． A 参见上题解析。他们上班太忙了¸没有时间(time)做这些事情。 58． D 但是¸退休后不久(soon)¸像打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读及其他所有的消遣方式都变得没有意思了。 59． C 那些消遣方式就像他们刚离开(leave)的工作一样¸非常乏味。 60． B 这些退休老人遭遇的处境¸就像一月的孩子一样¸开始找新玩具(toys)¸寻求刺激了。 4． (2013 广东) 解读：这是一篇有趣的说明文。文章通过一些对比试验说明¸许多鸟类也像人类一样具有一定的数 字感知能力。 1． C 下文描述的多个试验均与数字改变有关¸由此可以推断本文中的 number sense 指的是对数字变 他的感知能力或敏感性¸因此选择 change。 2． B 上文中提及人类天生具有数字感知能力¸然后说到鸟类也有这种能力¸这确实"令人惊奇"¸所以 B 项"令人惊讶地"最贴切。 3． D 倒数第二段中的"． ． ． almost always notice if something is taken away． ． ． "是提示。B 项的 care 为干扰项¸鸟儿是没"注意到( notice)"数字的变化¸而不是不"关心(care)"。 4． A 这里是说在拿走两个蛋的情况下鸟儿的"一般"反应¸因此选 generally。sincerely"真诚地¸由衷地 "；casually"随意地"；deliberately"故意地"。 5． C 这意味着鸟儿能够分辨出数字 2 和 3 的"不同(difference)"。 6． A 根据下文的试验可知¸好几次乌鸦都没有被人类的数字游戏所愚弄¸没有上当受骗¸所以说¸鸟 类的数字感知能力是"令人惊奇的"。 7． D 上文提到¸乌鸦在有人接近塔楼的时候往往就会离开¸此处意为直到那人离开塔楼乌鸦才会返 回"( return)"。第 10 空后的"But the crow did not return to the nest"也是提 示。 8． C 根据下文的描述可知¸对如何骗过乌鸦¸这个人有了一个主意¸因此选择 idea。 9． A 根据第 12 空的"able to fool the crow"可知答案。 10． B 根据下文描述可知¸试验是在逐渐增加人数的情况下反复进行的¸因此本题选择 B 项¸repeat 表 示"重复"。 11． B 根据上文"The crow stayed away until the second man left¸too"可知¸乌鸦等所有人离开后才返 回¸这次试验也不例外¸故选择 B 项¸gone"离开"。 12． D 试验反复进行¸直到"最终"愚弄到了乌鸦。 13． B 由上文的"It's not very good"可知¸婴儿与鸟类相似¸对于较少的数量能辨析清楚¸因此选择B项。 14． D 根据语境可知¸在数量大的情况下¸婴儿也经常会受到愚弄。 15． C 从文章的第一句与第二句可以看出¸number sense 是"数字感知能力"¸是一种"能力(ability)"¸因 此选择 C 项。 5． ( 2012 新课标全国) 解读：本文主要讲身势语在交际中的重要性¸并举了一些相关的例子。 36． B 根据首句的内容可知身势语比话语表达更"响亮"。可联想"Actions speak louder than words． "。 37． D 结合前两句的内容可知¸身势语能够传递出的"信息"比我们意识到的多。 38． D 事实上¸非言语交际占我们实际交际总量的 50%。what we really mean"我们实际想说的东西"。 39． C 当我们试图进行跨文化交际的时候¸身势语显得尤其"重要"。 40． C 身势语很大程度上是我们身体的一部分¸以至于它实际上经常被忽视。此处 much 表示的是程 度。 41． A 上文提到忽视身势语会导致误解的发生¸再结合本句的内容可知¸此处是在举例。 42． B 后两句叙述的是北欧人和拉丁美洲人对待身体接触的差异¸由此可知¸不同的社会群体在对待 人与人的"距离"问题上不尽相同。 43． C 根据下文可知¸北欧人通常不太喜欢"身体"接触。 44． A 本句中提到北欧人不喜欢与朋友进行身体接触¸由此可知¸他们当然不会与"陌生人"进行身体 接触。 45． B 上一句提到北欧人不喜欢身体接触¸而本句提到拉丁美洲人身体接触很多¸所以用 on the other hand． 表示 "另一方面"¸与上文形成对比。 46． B 身势语在"交谈"中才能体现出来¸其余选项都不符合语境。 47． D 根据"People from Latin American countries 45 ¸touch each other quite a lot"可知¸在交谈中¸ 拉丁美洲人看起来总是"跟着"挪威人满房间跑。 48． A 由上文内容可知¸拉丁美洲人会不断地"靠近"¸以示友好。 49． C 北欧人不喜欢身体接触¸由此可知挪威人很可能认为这种亲近行为很粗鲁并不断"后退"。 50． D 拉丁美洲人不断靠近对方以示友好¸可对方不断后退躲避¸由此可知¸拉丁美洲人会将这种行 为看做是"冷淡"的表现。 51． A 上文叙述的是身势语¸身势语属于"交谈"的范畴。显然¸当人们交谈的时候¸很多东西在进行。 只有一部分是用语言来完成的。 52． A 此处与第一段中的"And body language is particularly 39 — when we attempt to communicate across cultures"相呼应¸表示拥有"不同"文化背景的人。 53． C 根据上文提到的北欧人和拉丁美洲人相处的例子可知¸来自不同文化（背景）的人聚集在一起 时¸很可能产生"误解"。另外¸上文中的"And misunderstandings occur as a result of it"也是线索提示。 54． D 不管情况如何¸最好的"建议"是遵从这条黄金法则。 55． B 你希望别人怎样待你¸你就应该怎样待别人。 6． ( 2010 安徽) 解读：现实生活中¸人们时常对购买的钢笔大失所望。如何才能买到称心如意的钢笔呢？本文作者 给出了几点建议。 36． B 现代化家庭和办公室中的打印机意味着"很少"有手写的东西。 37． A 时常¸人们购买钢笔仅仅凭借其"外观"。 38． A 人们时常仅凭外观购买钢笔¸"一旦"开始使用¸就琢磨着为什么对它不满意。 39． D 人们常常对购买的钢笔不满意¸可是¸如果你记住以下几点¸买一支称心如意的钢笔并不"困难"。 40． B 首先¸钢笔握在手中应该非常舒服而且"容易"使用。使用钢笔一般不涉及安全问题¸所以 D 项 错误。 41． C 钢笔的粗细是"决定"舒适度的最重要的特征。其他选项不符合语境。 42． D 此处与上一句中的 small 是反义词¸且与下文中的 a fatter pen 相照应¸所以用 larger。 43． A 如果你的手比较大¸手指比较粗¸你可能"更喜欢"比较粗大的钢笔。 44． B 上文讲的是钢笔的粗细与其舒适度密切相关¸此处是说钢笔的长度"也"会影响舒适度¸由此可 知选 B。 45． C 此处讲的是铜笔的长度问题。太"长的"钢笔容易感觉头重脚轻并且不稳定。 46． B 当钢笔接触到纸面时¸笔尖应该能够让墨水均匀地流出来。此处 allow"允许¸使可能"¸符合语 境。 47． C 此处的 This 指代上一句中提到的内容。 48． D 此处表示笔尖里墨水均匀地流出¸这可以让你写出"流畅的"线条。前三项都与上文中提到的均 匀出墨在逻辑上不符。 49． A 笔尖应该能够让钢笔在书写的时候均匀地出墨；也应该足够敏感¸当钢笔停止书写被提起的 时候¸可以"阻止"墨水流出。 50． C 不能阻止墨水"流出"的笔尖可能留下墨滴。此处与本段第 46 空后面的 flow 相呼应。 51． B 当你拿起钢笔¸再次放下的时候¸不能阻止墨水流出的笔尖就会流出墨滴。as 表示"当……的 时候"。 52． D 结合第二段开头的"First of all"以及第三段开头的"Then"可知¸此处表示的是先后顺序¸所以选 D 项。 53． D 本句中的 but 表示的是转折含义¸由此可知前半句叙述的是细线条钢笔的好处¸这样的钢笔也 许可以"弥补"拙劣的书法¸故选 D 项¸表示"弥补"。A 项表示"出现"¸B 项表示"不同于"¸C 项表示"打破¸分 解"¸都不符合语境。 54． A 但是¸纤细的线条不能引起人们的"注意"。attention 表示"注意"。此处与本段最后一句中的"gives an impression of confidence and authority（权威）"相呼应。 55． B 此处是用打印书信上的手写签名"作为例证"。A 项表示"至多"¸C 项表示"简单地说"¸D 项表示" 故意"¸都与所给语境不符。 考点 13 议论文 1． （2015 福建） 0ne of the easiest things in the world is to become a faultfinder. However, life can be 36 when you are not busy finding fault with it. Several years ago I 37 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 38 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 39 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 40 person. Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 41 Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 42 to deal with was that the day before the 43 , Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 44 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 45 It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 46 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly ( 刻 薄 ) . She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 48 as well. Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 49 when we’re honest, we can be sharply 50 of the world． I’m not suggesting you 51 problems, or that you pretend things are 52 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are— 53 most of the time, and especially when it's not a really big 54 . Train yourself to “bite your tongue” , and with a little 55 , you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life. 36． A． lonely B． great C． quite D． uneasy 37． A． received B． answered C． expected D． rejected 38． A． threatened B． interrupted C． bothered D． spoiled 39． A． anything B． everything C． something D． nothing 40． A． caring B． boring C． interesting D． surprising 41． A． attitude B． plan C． measure D． explanation 42． A． urgent B． unnecessary C． certain D． impossible 43． A． occasion B． event C． accident D． adventure 44． A． memory B． notice C． evidence D． choice 45． A． hear B． contribute C． express D． admit 46． A． aware of B． afraid of C． curious about D． confused about 47． A． discuss B． realize C． judge D． settle 48． A． family B． life C． career D． education 49． A． so B． or C． but D． for 50． A． proud B． sure C． hopeful D． critical 51． A． face B． create C． solve D． ignore 52． A． rarer B． better C． stranger D． worse 53． A． at least B． at last C． by far D． so far 54． A． task B． deal C． result D． duty 55． A． practice B． speech C． rest D． pity 2． ( 2014 广东) Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers． Then again¸teenagers have l feelings about theirparents¸saying that it is not easy living with them． According to a recent research¸ the most common 2between parents andteenagers is that regarding untidinessand daily routine tasks ． 0n the one hand ¸ parents go madover 3 rooms¸clothes thrown on the floor and their children's refusal to help with the 4 ． 0n the otherhand¸teenagers lose their patience continually when parentsblame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at thesupermarket． The research¸conducted by St． George University¸show's that different parents have different 6 to theseproblems． However¸some approaches are more 7 thanothers． For example¸ those parents who yell at theirchildren for their untidiness¸but 8 clean the room forthem¸have fewer chances of changing their children's 9 ． 0n the contrary¸those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better． For example¸whenteenagers who don9t help their parents with the shoppingdon't find their favorite drink in the refrigerator¸they areforced to 11 their actions． Psychologists say that 12 is the most importantthing in parent-child relationships． Parents should 13to their children but at the same time they should lend anear to what they have to say． Parents may 14 theirchildren when they are untidy but they should alsounderstand that their room is their own private space． Communication is a two-way process． It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between rents andchildren can be settled． 1． A． natural B． strong C． guilty D． similar 2． A． interest B． argumentC． link D． knowledge 3． A． noisy B． crowded C． messy D． locked 4． A． homework B． houseworkC． problem D． research 5． A． washing B． usingC． dropping D． replacing 6． A． approaches B． contributions C． introductions D． attitudes 7． A． complex B． popular C． scientific D． successful 8． A． later B． deliberatelyC． seldom D． thoroughly 9． A． behaviorB． taste C． future D． nature 10． A． failures B． changesC． consequences D． thrills 11． A． defend B． delayC． repeat D． reconsider 12． A． communication B． bondC． friendship D． trust 13． A． reply B． attend C． attach D． talk 14． A． hate B． scold C． frighten D． stop 15． A． loving B． observingC． understanding D． praising 3． ( 2013 安徽) If you want to learn a new language¸the very first thing to thinkabout is why． Do you need it for a 36 reason¸such as your job or your studies? 37 perhaps you're interested in the 38¸films or musicof a different country and you know how much it will help to have a 39of the language． Most people learn best using a variety of 40 ¸but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的) start for many people． They 41 an environment where you can practice under the 42 of someone who'sgood at the language． We all lead 43 lives and learning a languagetakes 44 ． You will have more success if you study regularly¸so try todevelop a 45 ． It doesn't matter if you haven't got long． Becomingfluent in a language will take years¸but learning to get by takes 46 ． Many people start learning a language and soon give up． "I'm too47 ¸"they say． Yes¸children do learn languages more 48 thanadults¸but research has shown that you can learn a language at any49 ． And learning is good for the health of your brain¸too． I've alsoheard people 50 about the mistakes they make when 51 ． Well ¸ relax and laugh about your mistakes 52 you're much less likely tomake them again． Learning a newlanguage is never 53 ． But with some work anddevotion¸you'll make progress． And you'll be 54 by the positivereaction of some people when you say just a few words in 55 ownlanguage． Good luck ! 36． A． technical B． politicalC． practical D． physical 37． A． After B． SoC． Though D． 0r 38． A． literature B． transportC． agriculture D． medicine 39． A． view B． knowledgeC． form D． database 40． A． paintings B． regulationsC． methods D． computers 41． A． protect B． changeC． respect D． provide 42． A． control B． commandC． guidance D． pressure 43． A． busy B． happyC． simple D． normal 44． A． courage B． timeC． energy D． place 45． A． theory B． businessC． routine D． project 46． A． some risks B． a lot lessC． some notes D． a lot more 47． A． old B． nervousC． weak D． tired 48． A． closely B． quicklyC． privately D． quietly 49． A． age B． speedC． distance D． school 50． A． worry B． hesitateC． think D． quarrel 51． A． singing B． workingC． bargaining D． learning 52． A． if B． andC． but D． before 53． A． tiresome B． hardC． interesting D． easy 54． A． blamed B． amazedC． interrupted D． informed 55． A． their B． hisC． our D． Your 第二部分 完形填空 考点 13 议论文答案 1． （2015 福建） 36． B 【解析】从下文内容可知¸本文作者不赞同人们老是挑毛病¸所以用 great 表示当你不忙于挑毛 病时生活会很精彩。 37． A 【解析】 receive a letter from sb “收到某人的来信”。 38． C 【解析】根据下文的“People were always doing things that annoyed her”（人们做的事总是惹她生 气）可知¸此处用 bother 表示“使（某人）烦恼”。 39． D 【解析】根据 and 前面的句子可知¸此处表示“没有一件事情她觉得好”¸所以用 nothing。 40． B 【解析】此处用 boring 表示“令人厌烦的”。 41． A 【解析】根据下文可知¸这场意外改变了她的态度。attitude“态度”。 42． D 【解析】事故发生前一天 Kerry 拜访了她的这个朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。据此可知¸这使得事 情几乎无法应对。 43． C 【解析】根据上文的“it took a humble accident”可知¸此处选 C。 44． D 【解析】Kerry 批评她的朋友对男朋友的选择。 Choice“选择”。 45． C 【解析】 空处所在的句子是定语从句¸various other things 是先行词¸关系词 that/which 代替先 行词在从句中作宾语¸所以用 express“表达”。 46． A 【解析】直到她的朋友严重受伤 Kerry 才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。aware of“意识到”；afraid of“害 怕”；curious about“好奇”¸confused about“感到困惑”。 47． C 【解析】judge“判断¸评价”。此处 judge…harshly 和上文的“appreciate life”形成对比。 48． B 【解析】她也能够把她的新智慧转移到她生活的其他方面。 49． C 【解析】上下文是转折关系¸所以用 but。 50． D 【解析】be critical of 和 find fault with 是同义短语。 51． D 【解析】根据上下文可知¸不挑剔并不意味着忽视问题¸ignore¨忽视¨。 52． B 【解析】或者假装事情比真实情况要好。 53． A 【解析】至少大多数时候是这样的。at least“至少”。 54． B 【解析】a big deal 是固定搭配¸含义为“重要的事情”。 55． A 【解析】根据上下文可知¸要做到这一点需要的是少量的训练。practice“练习”。 2． ( 2014 广东) 解读：本文是一篇议论文¸文章就父母与孩子的关系进行了讨论。最新研究表明¸父母与孩子之间最为常 见的争执在于不整洁和日常家务这两个方面。同时¸父母不同的应对方法收效也不尽相同。心理学家说¸ 在处理父母与孩子的关系时¸最重要的还是在于双方的沟通和理解。 1． D 根据第一段中的"it is difficult to live with teenagers"以及"saying that it is not easy living with them" 可知¸父母和孩子均表示住在一起不容易¸所以双方的感觉是相似的¸可知此处选 D。其余选项不符合语 境。 2． B 下文提到"parents go mad""teenagers lose their patience"表明此处表示父母和孩子之间的争论 (argument)。 3． C 前一句提到 untidiness¸再根据空后的"clothes thrown on the floor"可知¸此处应用 messy。 4． B 根据上文中的"daily routine tasks"可知¸此处应用 housework 与之对应。 5． C 当父母不断地责备孩子们在浴室乱扔毛巾¸不打扫房间¸不去超市购物时¸孩子们会失去耐心（而 跟父母争执）。根据文意可知¸选 C。 6． A 根据下文中的"However¸some approaches are more 7 than others"中的"approaches"可知此处 选 A 。 7． D 下文列举了两个例子¸第一个例子中父母的做法改变孩子们的习惯的可能性很小¸另外一个例子 中¸父母会迫使孩子们改变¸所以¸有些方法是更成功的。 8． A 那些开始因孩子们的不整洁大嚷大叫¸随后又为孩子们整理房间的父母¸改变孩子们的行为的可 能性是很小的。 9． A 参见上题解析。 10． C 那些让孩子们体验行为后果的父母会做得更好。根据下句的例子¸可知答案为 C。 11． D 孩子们不去帮忙购物¸结果就是在冰箱里找不到自己喜欢喝的饮料¸因此他们不得不重新考虑 自己的行为了。 12． A 下文提到" 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear towhat they have to say""Communication is a two-way process"¸由此可知答案为 A。 13． D 根据下文中的"at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say"可知¸此处指交 谈和聆听。 14． B 根据下文中的"but they should also understand" 以及上文中的"when parents blame them for"可 知¸此处应用 scold。 15． C 父母与孩子只有通过聆听和相互理解才能解决问题。上文中的"they should also understand that" 也是提示。 3． ( 2013 安徽) 解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章就学习外语的原因、方法以及外语学习与年龄、犯错误之间的关系 等进行了讨论。 36． C 由接下来的"such as your job or your studies"可知此处是问你学一门外语是因为某种现实的需要 （诸如求职或求学）吗？practical"现实的"¸符合语境。 37． D 分析上下文之间的逻辑关系可知¸此处是说或许你对另一个国家的文学、电影或者音乐感兴趣 ¸而且你知道掌握该语言将会是多么大的帮助。本段讨论的是学习外语的原因¸上句和本句分别给出了一 种原因¸显然两句之间为并列关系。故选 D。 38． A 根据语境可知¸所填词语与接下来的"films or music"并列¸被"of a different country"修饰¸故选 A。 39． B 见 37 题解析。have a knowledge of"掌握¸了解¸熟知"。故选 B。 40． C 大多数人使用各种不同的方法学得最佳¸但对许多人来说¸传统的课堂是理想的开端。故选 C。 41． D 它们（传统的课堂）可以"提供"一种环境：你可以在一个精通该语言的人的指导下不断练习。 故选 D。 42． C 见上题解析。under the guidance of"在……的指导下"。 故选 C。 43． A 接下来讨论的是学习外语需要大量的时间¸由此可知此处是说我们都生活得很忙碌¸但学习外 语需要时间。故选 A。 44． B 见上题解析。谈论的是学习外语需要时间¸故选 B。 45． C 根据前半句中的"regularly"可知选 C。如果定期学习外语¸成功的机会更大些¸所以要努力养成 习惯。routine"惯例¸常规"。 46． B 要学到流利的程度需要数年的时间¸但只要求说得过去¸需要的时间则少得多。but 表示转折¸ 前一句说的是需要很多时间¸后一句说的自然是相反的内容。故选 B。 47． A 根据接下来的"children"和"adults"可知¸本段讨论的是学习外语与年龄之间的关系¸故选 A。许 多人开始学习外语¸但很快就放弃了。他们会说"我年龄太大了"。 48． B 的确¸孩子比成年人学习外语更快¸故选 B。 49． A 本段讨论的是学习外语与"年龄"之间的关系¸故选 A。 50． A 我还听人们说：他们担心学习时犯的错误¸故选 A。 51． D 本文讨论的是学习外语的事情¸故选 D。 52． B 此处为"祈使句+and+陈述句"结构。放松心态¸自嘲自己的错误¸这样你再次犯错的可能性就会 大大减小。故选 B。 53． D 本句为本段的首句¸起着承上启下的作用¸是对上文的总结。上文讨论的是学习外语的众多困 难¸然后通过"But with some work and devotion¸you'll make progress"话锋一转¸讨论学习外语的收获。故 选 D。 54． B 此处讨论的是学习外语的收获——你用他们的语言说上几句¸外国人的积极反应就会让你"惊喜 "¸故选 B。 55． A 见上题解析。 考点 14 语法填空 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt． This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight． Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet． They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions ． When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something． As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing． Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up． Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet． Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food． However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes． Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health． 2． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London． It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and62word． It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method． This included digging up the road，63(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over64top． When all those had been done， the road surface was replaced． Steam engines 65(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been66(fair)unpleasant for the passengers， with all the smoke and noise． However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using67every day． Later，engineers 68(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道），which became known to the tube． This development was only possible with the 69(introduce) of electric-poweredengines and lifts． The central London Railway was one of the most70(success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900 ． It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages ， and proved extremely popular with the public． 3． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life． Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course ． But unlike school friends ， 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (real)Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 62 model in New York． Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year． Her father Peter44,want her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah, 64has taken part in shows along with top models wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her 66(educate)． She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture． Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now． But at the moment, school 69 (come) first． I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling． It is70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal． I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more． " 4． （2017 浙江） Last 0ctober，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away． But something made her look closer，and she noticed a 57 (shine) object． Yes，there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring． Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house． “she thought I had hurt 59 (I)，”says Pahlsson Sixteen years 60 (early)，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal． When she wanted to put the ring back on later， it was gone． She suspected that one of her three daughters —then ten，eight，and six— had picked it up，but the girls said they hadn't． Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen，checking every corner，but turned up nothing． “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says． She never replaced it． Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden， 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it． For Pahlsson，its return was 65 wonder． 5． (2016 新课标Ⅰ) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels． But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract)． So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre． From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador． The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London． But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild． My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia． 0n mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother． The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects． 6． (2016 新课标Ⅱ) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 7． (2016 新课标Ⅲ) In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea, 61Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks． Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo ． They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal． Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic． Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters． Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create)special designs． The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years． People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it． 0ver time, 65thepopulation grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly． Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66 (gradual)turned into chopsticks． Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67lived from roughly 551 to 479 B． C． ,influenced the 68(develop)of chopsticks． Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69(be)too violent for use at the table． Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia． In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 70 their hands． 8． (2016 四川) The giant panda 61 (love) by people throughout the world ． Chinese scientists 62 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby ． She was a very 63 (care)mother ． For 25days,she never left her baby，not even to find something 64 (eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near ． She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean ． Any smell might attract natural 65 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats． The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does． 66 it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats，The mother continued to care for the young panda 67 more than two years． By that time，the panda no longer needed 68 (it)mother for food ． However ， it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest． Then，after two and a half years，the mother 69 (drive)the young panda away． It was time for her to have a new baby,70 it was also time for the young panda to be independent． 9． (2015 新课标Ⅰ) Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 10． (2015 新课标Ⅱ) The adobe dwellings(土坯房） 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwestare admiredby even 62 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to “air condition”a house without 64 （use） electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65（slow）during cool nights，thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66(cool) the house during the hot day； 67the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 63(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As 69(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly70thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 11． (2015 广东) Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 16 farm, which looked almost abandoned. 17 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly 18 other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 19 (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. 0ne day, the cow was eating grass 20 it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she 21 (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living 22 the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 23 (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 24 people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to 25 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 12． (2015 湖南) Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because, 48 you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all your information, you don't have to go to 49 library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet 50 print the copies needed. Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you 51 always rely just on the Internet for you research. While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become 52 complex. There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed 53 the amount of information. You need to learn 54 to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, 55 need to check the accuracy of it. 13． （2014 新课标Ⅰ) Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, 0hio． It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up． The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned ． Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup． But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months． It took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water． Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever． Maybe you are facing an impossible situation． Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy． Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use． When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river． Just be 70 (patience)． 14． （2014 新课标Ⅱ) 0ne morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 (be) late for school． There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and 63 ． (disappoint) ． when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board． I got a place next 64 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk． A boy on a bike 65 (catch ) my attention． He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms． I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66 (stop) until we reached the next stop． Still, the boy kept 67 (ride)． He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting． Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus． I heard an excited conversation． Then the driver stood up and asked,“ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “0h, dear! It ‘s 69 (I )”． She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers 70 (sudden) became friendly to one another． 15． （2014 广东) Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 16 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready. After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months 17 （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18 （tell） that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, 19 for the week after. I didn’t understand 20 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21 the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22 （surprise）helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23 top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little 25 （sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind. 16． （2014 辽宁） Jonny: Hey! I'm just practicing Tai Chi (太极)． Would you liketo join me? Peter: I know nothing about it． Is it difficult? Jonny: It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice． You just follow me like this． Peter: 0K． Don't laugh 61 me． Imay look funny． Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out yourarms like tree branches，natural y and 62 (soft)． Try to keep your body straight． Moveslowly，then be sure to keep your balance anddon't let your body shake． Peter: I cannot control my body well． My legs become63 ( pain) ． Jonny: Keep 64 (hold) your position for a while． It helps develop your strength and flexibility． Raise your leg and let 65 stay in the air forseconds． Peter: I feel my legs shaking． I cannot do this anylonger． Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 66 (call) "shadowboxing" in English． It asks you to act likewater: to be flexible as well 67 strong． Inreal competition，a Tai Chi master borrows thestrength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back． The 68 (hard) you try tobeat him，the more likely you will get hit． Hecontrols you ! Peter: Unbelievable! 0h ． ． ． ， 69 you don't mind，I'll stop and take a deep70 ． 17． （2014 湖南） We can choose our friends, but usually we cannot choose our neighbors． However, to get a happy home life, we have to get along with 48 as well as possible． An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for49 ． People should not do things 50will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily． For example, television sets need not be played at full volume (音量） 51 loud pop music should not be played very late at night． By avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors, you can enjoy52 friendly relationship with them． An equally important quality is tolerance． Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people，53there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable． 54neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance． In this way, everyone will live 55 peace． 18． （2014 广东） Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said_16__ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready. After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months__17____ （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18__ （tell ）that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, 19__ for the week after. I didn’t understand 20_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged___21___ the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22_（surprise）helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23_ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24_ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little__25___（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind. 19． （2013 广东） 0ne day,Nick invited his friends to supper ． He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen ． Suddenly,he16(find)that he had run out of salt． So Nick called to his son,”Go to the village and buy some salt,but pay a fair price for it:neither too much 17 too little． ” His son looked surprised ． ”Ican understand why Ishouldn’t pay too much,Father,but if I can pay less,18not save a bit of money?” “That would be a very 19(reason)thing to do in a big city,but it could destroy a small village like outs,”Nick said． Nick’s guests,20 had heard their conversation,asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could． Nick replied,”The only reason a man would sell sale 21a lower price would be because he was desperate for money． And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it． ” “But such a small thing couldn’t 23(possible) destroy a village． ” “In the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little ,always 25(think) that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today． ” 20． （2013 湖南） When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string. “ 48 the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪) 49 24 hours,” says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman. Determined to solve this problem, 50 created an indestructible ball called the 0ne World Futbol. The ball is made of 51 special material, ethylene-vinyl acetate foam. It’s lightweight, it’s flexible, and— 52 important—it holds its shape. The 0ne World Futbol needs no pump 53 won’t wear out, even on rough surfaces. When tested, 54 withstood (经受住) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed on by a lion. Although it costs more to produce 55 a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the 0ne World Futbol can last 30 years. So far, it’s been given to kids in 143 countries. 21． （2012 广东） Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day， 1 (wear) sunglasses. He walked in as if he 2_ ( buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New YorkCity． For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 3 (please), because there were many empty seats in theroom. But she quickly realized that it wasn't her，it was probably the fact that she sat in 4 last row. 5he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back，he was wrong. It might have made it a little 6 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around,but that didn't stop the kids in the class. 0fcourse whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary, 7 made her feel like a star． “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?”the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head. "Then I'dappreciate it if you didn't wear them in class，I like to look at your eyes when I'm speaking to you. " The new boylooked at the teacher 8 a few seconds and all the other students wondered 9 _ the boy would do. Then hetook 10 off, gave a big smile and said，"That's cool． " 22． (2012 湖南) Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship. This does not mean that 1 have towrite or call our friends every day，It does mean，however，that we 2 _ care enough about our friends to find out howthey are doing from time to time. People have different habits about keeping in touch with others. Some like to call their friends ， sometimes manytimes3day． 0thers prefer to e-mail their friends. Still4 prefer writing letters so that they can includephotos or interesting articles 5 _ the envelopes along with their letters. Some even write postcards while they are onvacation 6 send them to friends. Every kind of communication is important，It is 7 important what kind of call we make or letter we send. 8 is important is that we let others know we care about them． 第三部分 语法知识运用 考点 14 语法填空答案 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） 61． As 分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”，所以填 as，意为“作为”。 62． Effects 考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后 的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式 effects。 63． to process 考查非谓语动词。 be required to do sth.为固定用法。 64． are removed 考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又 fat and salt 是动词 remove 的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填 are removed。 65． a 考查冠词。as a result 为固定搭配，意为“结果”。 66． worse 考查比较级。短语 Even worse 意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故用 worse。 67． is 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知， 该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为 Fast food． 故填 is。 68． eating 考查非谓语动词。介词 by 后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填 eating。 69． careful 考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，故填 careful“当心的”构成系表结构。 70． which 考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容， 且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词 which。 2． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） 61． crowds 考查名词复数。因为 crowd 为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形 式。 62． from 考查介词。此处是指“当他们来回上下班时”。 63． laying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为 This，谓语动词 included 后由 and 连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填 laying。 64． the 考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在 top 前加 the。 65． were used 考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍 1863 年的事情，而且 Steam engines 与 use 之 间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 were used。 66． fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词 unpleasant，故在其前填 fairly。 67． it 考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly”可知，此处用 it 代替 the railway。 68． managed 考查动词时态。因为 engineers 与 manage 之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的事 情，所以填 managed。 69． introduction 考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词 the 可知，其后应接名词，故填 introduction。 70． successful 考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的 the most 可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填 successful。 3． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） 61． resting 考查固定搭配。spend time doing sth． 是固定搭配，故填 resting。 62． a 考查冠词。该空后面 model 是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，故填 a。 63． has been told/was told 考查动词时态和语态。此处动词 tell 与 Sarah 是被动关系，因为第二 段在讲述父亲和 Sarah 的想法时都是用现在时，因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影响，故可以 填 has been told。此外，“被告知”这件事情发生在过去，故也可填 was told。 64． who 考查定语从句。此句 Sarah 是主语，wants 是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处是非限制性 定语从句，先行词为 Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填 who。 65． to prove 考查非谓语动词。 want to do 是固定搭配，故填 to prove。 66． education 考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词 her 后需用 educate 的名词形式，故填 education。 67． invitations 考查名词单复数。 invitation 是可数名词，前面有 several 修饰，要用复数形式， 故填 invitations。 68． in 考查介词。degree 与介词 in 搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填 in。 69． comes 考查动词时态。全文均为现在时，且 school 是第三人称单数，故填 comes 。 70． certainly 考查副词。此处 fun 是名词，但空处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填 certainly。 4． （2017 浙江） 56． carrots 考查名词单复数。根据上文的“a handful of”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应 用 carrot 的复数形式。 57． shiny/shining 考查形容词。根据上文的“a”及下文的名词“object”可知，此处需要用形容 词作定语修饰名词，故填 shiny 或 shining。 58． so 考查状语从句。 Pahlsson 的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来。此处是 so． ． ． that． ． ． 结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。 59． myself 考查代词。根据语境可知，hurt 这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用 I 的反 身代词形式，意为“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填 myself。 60． earlier 考查形容词的比较级。此处表示“16 年前”，故填 earlier“……之前，先前”。 61． to cook 考查不定式。此处不定式表示“目的”，意为“去掉戒指以做饭”，故填 to cook。 62． searched 考查动词的时态。根据本段的基本时态为一般过去时及语境可知，此处应用一般过 去时表示发生在过去的动作． 故填 searched。 63． swept 考查过去分词。根据上文的“got”及语境可知，此处应填 sweep 的过去分词形式 swept，意为“被扫进”。 64． where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填 where。 65． a 考查冠词。此处表示“一个奇迹”，所以需要用不定代词 a 表泛指。 5． (2016 新课标Ⅰ) 61． attraction 考查词性转换。但对于像我一样的游客，熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词 性物主代词 its 以及形容词 top 可知此处应该填动词 attract 的名词形式 attraction，意为“吸引人之物”。 62． was allowed 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语 I 与动词 allow 之间存在被动关系， 且前一句的“was”表明此处应用一般过去时，故填 was allowed。 63． officially 考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词，所以填 officially。 64． to 考查介词。go back to 是固定搭配，意为“追溯到”。 65． when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语， 故填关系副词 when。 66． permitted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，permit 与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故 填过去分词 permitted 作后置定语，相当于 that/who was permitted。 67． introducing 考查非谓语动词。动词 include 后需跟动名词作宾语，所以此空填 introducing。 68． its 考查代词。由语境及后面的名词 mother 可知，此空应该填 it 的形容词性物主代词 its。 69． days 考查名词。由 few 修饰可数名词复数可知，此空填 days。every few days 是“每隔几天” 的意思。 70． the 考查冠词。这里考查的是 one...the other...这一固定搭配，意为“一个……另一个……”。 6． (2016 新课标Ⅱ) 61． greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的“and less importance”可知，此处应用形 容词的比较级来修饰 importance，故填 greater。 62． achievement 考查词性转换。首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的成就感。介词后 接名词，a real sense of achievement 意为“一种真实的成就感”。 63． is 考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可 知，该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，故谓语动词为第三 人称单数形式，且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填 is。 64． on 考查介词。我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中于我 们的工作。固定短语 be focused on 意为“集中于……”。故填 on。 65． as 考查连词。因此，早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构 as...as possible 意为 “尽可能……”。 66． studies 考查名词复数。最新的研究表明，如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话，我们在工作中 会变得高效得多。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为 show，为复数形式，且 study 作“研究，调查”讲 时为可数名词，故主语应为复数。故填 studies。 67． regularly 考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词 take，故填 regularly“有规律地”。 68． a 考查冠词。固定短语 for a while 意为“一会儿”。 69． to bring 考查非谓语动词。固定短语 be likely to do sth． 意为“可能做某事”，故填 to bring。 70． make 考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but 连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever 引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。故填 make。 7． (2016 新课标Ⅲ) 61． and 考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知，Vietnam 与空前的“China，Japan，Korea” 之间是并列关系，故填并列连词 and。 62. be made 考查被动语态。此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。根据 make 与句子主 语 Truly elegant chopsticks 之间是动宾关系及空前的“might”可知，此处应填 be made。 63． to create 考查非谓语动词。熟练的工人也会把各种各样的硬木和金属组合起来以创作独特 的设计。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。 64． using 考查非谓语动词。use 与其逻辑主语 People 之间是主谓关系，故此处用现在分词作状 语。 65． as 或 when 考查状语从句。随着人口的增长或当人口增长时，人们开始把食物切成小片。 根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……时”，故填 as 或 when。 66． gradually 考查副词。应用副词修饰动词。 67． who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Confucius， 且关系词在从句中作主语，故填 who。 68 ． development 考 查 名 词 。 根 据 空 前 的 “ the ” 及 空 后 的 “ of ” 可 知 ， 此 处 应 填 名 词 development。 69． were 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的“believed”可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，应用 一般过去时；从句主语为 knives，谓语动词应用复数。故填 were。 70． with 考查介词。此处指大部分人用手吃饭，故填 with。 8． (2016 四川) 61． is loved 考查动词的时态和语态。句子主语为 The giant panda，与 love 之间是被动关系，且 表示客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。 62． recently 考查副词。根据句子结构可知，此处用副词作状语。 63． caring、careful 考查形容词。根据句子结构可知，此处用形容词作定语。 caring“关心他人 的”；careful“谨慎的，小心翼翼的”。 64． to eat 考查不定式。根据句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式作定语修饰不定代词 something。 65． enemles 考查名词的数。根据语境可知，此处用名词的复数形式。 66． When/If 考查连词。当熊猫宝宝哭泣的时候／如果熊猫宝宝哭泣，熊猫妈妈会前后摇晃熊猫 宝宝，而且会轻轻地拍它。语境表明，此处用连词 When 或 If 引导状语从句。 67． for 考查介词。表示一段时间用介词 for。 68． its 考查代词。根据句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词。 69． drove 考查时态。此处讲过去发生的事，所以用一般过去时。 70． and 考查连词。根据语境可知此处应用 and 连接两个并列分句。 9． (2015 新课标Ⅰ) 61． Arrived 【解析】考查动词。主句为过去进行时，因此 when 连接的时间状语从句应用一般过 去时，故本空填 arrived。 62． before/earlier 【解析】考查副词。本句为过去完成时，描述的是作者来阳朔之前的情况，因 此填副词 before/earlier。 63． its 【解析】考查代词。这里指香港的污浊空气，因此填物主代词 its“它的”，指香港的。 64． that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词“ the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River”，且在从句中作主语，因此本空填关系代词 that/which。 65． paintings【解析】考查名词。由前面的短语“so many”可知，本空应填名词复 paintings。 66． by 【解析】考查固定搭配。从桂林乘车到这里仅用一个小时。By car“乘汽车”。 67． is 【解析】考查动词。本句描述阳朔景色之美，应用一般现在时。 68． conducted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“A study of travelers”。 69． regularly 【解析】考查副词。本空修饰动词，应填 regularly。 70． Living 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处与¨people¨之间为逻辑上的主谓关系． 故用现在分 词短语作后置定语。 10． (2015 新课标Ⅱ) 61． built 【解析】考查过去分调短语作定语。本句主语是 The adobe dwellings，谓语是 are admired，因此空白处不需要谓语动词，应用过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作。 62． the 【解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。形容词最高级前用定冠词 the。 63． ability 【解析】考查词类转换。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作表语，且前有 their 修饰， 故填名词 ability。 64． using 【解析】考查动名词作宾语的用法。介词 without 之后接动名词作宾语。 65． slowly【解析】考查形容词转化为副词的用法。修饰动词应用副词。 66． to cool 【解析】考查不定式短语作结果状语的用法。这是 enough to do 句型，表示“足 以……”，不定式短语作结果状语。 67． at【解析】 考查介词。at the same time 表示“同时”，是固定搭配。 68． goes 【解析】考查动词时态。结合语境可知，这里应用一般现在时表示现状。主语为 This cycle，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 69． natural 【解析】考查词类转换。修饰名词应用形容词。 70． how 【解析】查感叹句。这里是感叹句，修饰形容词 thick 应副词 how。 11． (2015 广东) 16． a 【解析】 考查冠词。 farm 在文中是第一次出现，而且表示泛指，所以用不定冠词 a。 17． Luckily 【解析】 考查副词。修饰整个句子应用副词形式，故填 Luckily。 18． for 【解析】 考查介词。exchange A for B 是固定搭配，意为“交易”，故填介词 for。 19． was left 【解析】 考查时态和语态。主语与 leave 是被动关系，故用被动语态。根据语境可 知，此处用一般过去时。 20． when 【解析】 考查连词。有一天，牛正在吃草，突然天开始下大雨。根据语境可知，此处 应用 when“正在这时（突然）”。 21． Fell 【解析】 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，此处填 fell 与后面的 died 作并列谓语。 22． without 【解析】 考查介词。根据文意可知这里是指“没有了那头牛”，故填 without。 23． to sell 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。 24． Where 【解析】 考查定语从句。先行词为 market，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，故用 where。 25． him 【解析】 考查代词。根据空后的“his farm”可知应填 him，指代 Mr． Johnson。It occurs to sb． that.“某人突然想起……”。 12． (2015 湖南) 48． if 【解析】考查从属连词。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处应填条件状语从句的引导词 if， 意为“如果”。 49． the 【解析】考查冠词。“the+单数可数名词”表示类别。 50． and 【解析】考查并列连词。find 和 print 之间是顺承关系，故填并列连词 and。 51． shouldn’t 【解析】考查情态动词。由前一句的“you should usually consult different types of sources”可知，此处应填 shouldn't，表示“不应该”。 52． more 【解析】考查形容词比较级。由“While”（虽然）以及“easier”可知，此空需要填 more。 53． with 【解析】考查介词。be overwhelmed with 是固定短语，意为“对……不知所措”。 54． how 【解析】考查疑问副词。这里是¨疑问词+不定式¨结构作宾语，句意：你需要学会怎 样分类整理并找到与你的特定项目相关的信息。故填 how。 55． you 【解析】考查代词。由前一句的“You need…”以及本句的“Also”可知，此空应填入称 代词 you 充当主语。 13． （2014 新课标Ⅰ) 61． was【解析】前句有时间状语 In 1969，因此描述的是过去的情况。应用一般过去时，本空填 was。 62． actually【解析】空格在动词前，应用副词修饰，本空填 actually。 63． the 【解析】后面有形容词的最高级，因此该空填定冠词 the。 64． or【解析】本句为否定句，故用 or 连接两个并列成分。 65． to reduce【解析】本句是 It took． ． ． to do sth． 句型，因此本空填不定式 to reduce。 66． cleaner【解析】空后的 than ever 暗示空处应填形容词的比较级 cleaner。 67． that/which【解析】本句含有定语从句，先行词为 a habit，指物，在从句中作主语，应填关系 代词 that/which。 68． amazing 【解析】本空在名词之前，应用形容词作定语。amazing“惊人的”，修饰名词 stories。 69． changes 【解析】本句为主系表结构，空格后的 are gradual 暗示本空填名词复数 changes。 70． patient【解析】本句为祈使句。在系动词 be 后应用形容词作表语，因此本空填 patient。 14． （2014 新课标Ⅱ) 61． being 【解析】worried about 表示“担忧”，介词后接名词或动名词。 62． and 【解析】前后句是并列关系，应用 and。很多人在候车，一些人看起来很担忧、失望。 63． disappointed 【解析】look disappointed 是系表结构，表示“看起来感到失望”。 64． to 【解析】 next to 是固定搭配，表示“紧挨着”。 65． caught 【解析】 catch one's attention 表示“引起某人的注意”，根据文中的时态可知应用一 般过去时。catch 是不规则动词，注意变化。 66． to stop 【解析】 refuse to do sth． 表示“拒绝做某事”。 67． riding 【解析】 keep doing sth． 表示“反复做某事”。 68． Did 【解析】结合语境这里询问说话之前的情况，故用一般过去时。 69． me/mine 【解析】一名女士惊呼，“是我丢东西了／那是我的箱子”。 70． suddenly 【解析】 陌生的人群突然间变得友好起来。修饰动词应用副词。 15． （2014 广东) 16． it 【解析】考查代词。根据句意可知，此处指代上文提到的旅游目的地迈阿密 ( Miami)。 17． earlier 【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据语境可知，此处应用 earlier 表示“提早，提前”。 18． were told 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句中 that 引导的从句是宾语从句，故空处要填 入的应该是谓语动词，根据上文的内容，到达后我们应该是“被告诉”我们的房间没有订好，故应填一 般过去时的被动语态 were told。 19． but【解析】考查并列连词。我们订的不是那一周的房间，而是那周之后的房间，此处表示转 折关系，故填入连词 but。 20． why【解析】考查宾语从句。根据语境，此处应由 why 引导宾语从句。 21． for【解析】考查介词。固定搭配 charge sb． for sth． “向某人索取……的费用”。此处表 示我们被收取了（住酒店的）费用。 22． surprisingly 【解析】考查词性转换。本空后的 helpful 是形容词，修饰形容词应用副词。 23． the 【解析】考查冠词。top 表示“顶端，顶部”，top floor 前应用定冠词 the。 24． where 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 beach， 并在从句中作状语，故用关系副词 where。 25． sunburnt/sunburned 【解析】考查词性转换。我们有点儿晒伤了。sunburnt/sunburned 在此 处是形容词作表语，表示“晒伤的”。 16． （2014 辽宁） 61． at 【解析】 考查介词。laugh at 意为"嘲笑"，为固定短语。 62． softly 【解析】考查副词。并列连词 and 连接两个相同词性的词。and 前为副词，其后也应填 写副词 softly，修饰句中动词 reach out。 63． painful 【解析】 考查形容词。句中动词 become 是系动词，其后接形容词作表语。 64． holding 【解析】 考查动词。 keep doing sth． 意为"继续做某事"，为固定用法。 65． it 【解析】考查代词。此处用代词 it 指代前面的单数名词 your leg。 66． is called 【解析】考查动词时态语态。主语 Tai Chi，为第三人称单数，再结合句意可知，本 句应使用一般现在时的被动语态。 67． as 【解析】 考查连词。句意：太极要求你动作如水，不但要灵活，而且要强劲。as well as 意为"除……之外，也，还"。 68． harder 【解析】 考查副词的比较级。句中采用"The+副词比较级+一般现在时句子，the+副词 比较级+一般将来时句子"结构，表示"越……，越……"。 69． if 【解析】考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导条件状语从句，所以应用 if。 70． breath【解析】考查名词。take a deep breath 意为"深深地吸一口气"。 17． （2014 湖南） 49． others 考查不定代词的用法。处理邻里关系的一个重要品质就是要为他人着想。others“其 他”，符合语境。 50． Which/that 考查关系代词的用法。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 things，且在定语从句中 作主语，故应用关系代词 which/that。 51． and 考查连词的用法。空处前后是并列关系，故用表示并列的连词 and 来连接两个并列分句。 52． a 考查冠词的用法。此处为抽象名词具体化，表示“一种良好的关系”，需用不定冠词 a。 53． but 考查连词的用法。邻居之间应尽可能避免打扰他人，但有时一些打扰是无法避免的。句 子前后是转折关系，故用表示转折意义的连词 but。 54． If/When 考查连词的用法。如果（当）邻里之间想要相处好（的时候），他们还必须展示他 们的宽容。 55． in 考查固定短语的用法。固定短语 in peace 意为“和平地”。 18． （2014 广东） 16． it 考查代词。根据句意可知，此处指代上文提到的旅游目的地迈阿密 ( Miami)。 17． earlier 考查形容词比较级。根据语境可知，此处应用 earlier 表示“提早，提前”。 18． were told 考查动词的时态和语态。句中 that 引导的从句是宾语从句，故空处要填入的应该 是谓语动词，根据上文的内容，到达后我们应该是“被告诉”我们的房间没有订好，故应填一般过去时 的被动语态 were told。 19． but 考查并列连词。我们订的不是那一周的房间，而是那周之后的房间，此处表示转折关系， 故填入连词 but。 20． why 考查宾语从句。根据语境，此处应由 why 引导宾语从句。 21． for 考查介词。固定搭配 charge sb． for sth． “向某人索取……的费用”。此处表示我们 被收取了（住酒店的）费用。 22． surprisingly 考查词性转换。本空后的 helpful 是形容词，修饰形容词应用副词。 23． the 考查冠词。top 表示“顶端，顶部”，top floor 前应用定冠词 the。 24． where 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 beach，并在从 句中作状语，故用关系副词 where。 25． sunburnt/sunburned 考查词性转换。我们有点儿晒伤了。sunburnt/sunburned 在此处是形 容词作表语，表示“晒伤的”。 19． （2013 广东） 16． found 【解析】根据文章第一句话可以确定，本文是在描述过去发生的事情，因此这里使用 一般过去时。 17． nor【解析】neither 通常与 nor 连用，表示“既不……也不……”，符合语境。 18． why【解析】如果能少付点儿钱，为什么不省点儿呢？结合上下文知，此处用“why not…” 表示建议。 19． reasonable【解析】空后为名词 thing，因此可以推断空处应该是一个修饰名词的成分，因此 使用 reason 的形容词形式，在此作定语。 20． who【解析】根据语境并分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Nick's guests，故关系词应用 who。 21． at【解析】at a…price 表示“以……的价格”。 22． for【解析】respect 与介词 for 连用，表示“对……的尊重”。 23． possibly【解析】根据语境并分析句子成分可知，空后是谓语动词，因此可以推断这里要使用 possible 的副词形式，在句中作状语。 24． a【解析】a(very) small amount of 为固定搭配，意为“少量的……”。 25． thinking【解析】分析句子成分可知，空处需要用非谓语动词形式。因 everyone 与 think 是逻 辑上的主谓关系，故此处用动词的-ing 形式。Thinking 在此句中作伴随状语。 20． （2013 湖南） 48． Because【解析】考查从属连词的用法。”因为”用来踢足球的场地常常崎岖不平且多石，很 多真正的足球 24 小时内就会变瘪。Because 引导原因状语从句。 49． within【解析】考查介词的用法。50 空前的 solve this problem”解决这个问题”说明足球很容 易变瘪，也就是时间很短，在 24 小时”以内”。 50. he 【解析】考查人称代词的用法。句子缺少主语，he 指代上文中提到的 Tim Jahnigen。 51. a 【解析】考查冠词的用法。此处的 material 表示具体的某种材料，是可数名词。这种球是由 一种特殊的材料制成的。 52. most【解析】考查形容词比较级的用法。破折号后是 it holds its shape”它不变形”，这一点正 是针对上一段的”球易变瘪”而言的，是”最”重要的一点。 53. and【解析】考查并列连词的用法。连续的两个否定”needs no pump____won't wear out”表示” 不用打气，也不会磨损”，为并列关系，应用 and 连接。 54. it【解析】考查代词的用法。本句缺少主语，而且该主语与 test 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故空 处指代的是上文中的 The 0ne World Futbol。 55. than【解析】考查介词的用法。根据空前的 more 和空后的 a typical soccer ball(比较对象）可知 答案。 21． （2012 广东） 1． wearing【解析】考查非谓语动词。He 和 wear 是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用 wear 的现在分词 形式作伴随状语。 2． had hought【解析】考查虚拟语气。此处 as if 引导方式状语从句，且该从句应用虚拟语气。根 据句意可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故用过去完成时，且此处表示主谓关系，所以填 had bought。 3． pleased【解析】考查形容词。由系动词 felt 可知，此处应填形容词 pleased（高兴的）作表语。 4． the【解析】考查冠词。last（最后的）前常用定冠词 the。 5． If【解析】考查连词。此处表示假设，故用 If（如果）引导条件状语从句。 6． harder【解析】考查形容词的级。结合语境和 a little 可知，此处应用形容词的比较级 harder 作 宾补。 7． which【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为主句，which 在此引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句 中作主语。 8． for【解析】考查介词。表示一段时间时常用介词 for。 9． what【解析】考查名词性从句。what 引导宾语从句，且在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“什么”。 10． them【解析】考查代词。them 指代前面提到的太阳镜。 22． （2012 湖南） 1． we【解析】考查代词。根据第一句和该空后面的“our”及第 2 空前面的“we”可知答案。 2． should【解析】考查情态动词。结合前一句内容可以判断出，此空应该填一个情态动词，这样 可以与上文的“have to”对应。 3． a【解析】考查冠词。many times a day“每天很多次”，不定冠词 a 在此处意为“每一”，相当 于 every 或 per。 4． others【解析】考查常用结构。第 3 空后面的“0thers”是答案提示。Some... 0thers...Still others...“一些……一些……还有一些……”。 5． in【解析】考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示在信封里(in)附上照片或有趣的文章。 6． and【解析】考查连词。write 和 send 这两个动词，表示顺承关系，故此空填 and。 7． not【解析】考查否定副词。我们打什么样的电话或寄什么样的信并不( not)重要，重要的是我 们让别人知道我们在关心着他们。 8． What【解析】考查名词性从句。“ is important”是主语从句且从句中缺主语，故此空填 What。 考点 15 短文改错 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons． I still remember how hard first day was． Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank． I forgot what he had said to me altogether． The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left． A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car． It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road． 2． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school． They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day． In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden ， that is on the rooftop of their house ． They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together ． They have also bought for some gardening tools ． Beside ， they often get some useful informations from the internet． When summer came，they will invite their students pick the vegetables！ 3． （2017 新课标ⅠⅢ） When I look at this picture of myself ． I realize of how fast time flies ． I had grown not only physically． and also mentally in the past few years． About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club． Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time，car magazines and musical instruments． I enjoyed studying difference kings of cars and planes ， playing pop music ， and collecting the late music albums． This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days． 4． (2016 新课标全国卷Ⅰ) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I love． Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area． It is always crowded with customers at meal times． Some People even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his Success is honest ． Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking． My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time． Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady． 5． (2016 新课标全国卷Ⅱ) The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 6． (2016 新课标全国卷Ⅲ) The teenage year from 13to 19 were the most difficult time for me． They were also the best and worse years in my life． At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself． However,my parents didn’t seem to think such． They always tell me what to do and how to do it． At one time,I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them ． I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes． Now Iam leaving home to college． At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help． 7． (2016 四川) It is Mother’s Day today． Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now． Mom has a full-time job，so she has to do most of the houseworks． She is a great mother． Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day． We get up early in the morning． Dad cleaned the house， and then went on shopping． When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand． I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen． The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest． At dinner， we said to her，“Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving． 8． (2016 浙江) When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late． Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,we’d greet het at the door． He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us, Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers． While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge． It was both excited and frightening to be up there！My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there． 9． (2015 新课标Ⅰ) When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so,we’ll live to regret it. 10． (2015 陕西) My soccer coach retired in last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me some basic step of baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really well. My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked, “I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter! 11． (2015 四川) Hi, Janice, It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. We hang out together during lunch and after school. We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. And I started to see this as a time—wasting activity! In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to him? Please help with me and give me some advice. Grace 12． (2015 浙江) My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. 0n the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. 0n the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it. 13． (2015 新课标Ⅱ) 0ne day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later.Tony saw parents.Mom said,“How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again. 14． (2014 新课标Ⅰ) Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes （圣女果）in our back garden． Since then --- for all these year --- we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please． As result, the plants are growing somewhere． The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste． There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors． Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems． We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 15． (2014 浙江) I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station． I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people． Before long， a train inspector comes to check out tickets． A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket but became quite upset． Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket， which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner． The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success． No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before． Yet， they had so quickly offered the strangers their help． If we could show concern to others on need， the world would be a better place to live in． 16． (2014四川) Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off． If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside． Stay close to your teacher and classmate． Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly． Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire． If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom ． If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately． 17． (2014陕西) My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven． He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees． My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting． 0ne evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue． Just then a bird was flying over us． My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird． Neither of the arrows hit the target． Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky — they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured． That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! 18． (2014 新课标Ⅱ) My dream school starts at 8:30 a． m and ends at 3:30 p． m． They are three lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon． We didn’t need to do so many homework． Therefore，we have more time with after-school activities． For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day． My dream school look like a big garden ． There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom, buildings． We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music． The teachers here are kind and helpfully． They are not only our teachers but also our friends． 19． (2013 新课标Ⅰ) I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing holdold songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory for me now. I remember my grandfather very much. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard wellshoulders that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set had himself apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. In fact, him and ache even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework when with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known. 20． (2013新课标Ⅱ) The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain． It is said to have started in the early 1800’s． Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night． This custom soon becomes another meal of day． Interesting， it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry． Tea in China was traditionally drank from cupswithout handles． When tea got popular in Britain，there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits． This made for the grow in the porcelain industry． 21． (2013 四川) Today we had a chemistry test． I found the test difficulty, but I tried hardly to do it． Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers． After think for some time, I let her copy my answers． But after the test, all of us were called to the teacher's office． The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests． We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents． I was very upset． I didn't cheat． I was just helping a friend． Why does she punish me? 22． (2013 浙江) Dear Diary， Here I am in the middle of a city，350miles far away from our farmhouse． Do you want to know why we move last week? Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained,“He was lucky to find other one ”． His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate, my school or just everything else I love in the world． To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie． Tomorrow is first day of school． I am awfully tiring, but I know I’ll never fall sleep． Good night and remember, you , dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend． 23． (2013 陕西) My grandfather and I enjoy fishing． 0ne Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake ． We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake． As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water． Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently． I wanted to give up, and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer． Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught． Within the next few minute, my grandfather also caught a fish． Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish． It was delicious． 24． (2012 陕西) My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visitBeijinglast month． It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport． We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath． What I liked best werethe free high-speed Internet connection in the room． I checked my email messages every day． I also shared for my friends many photos takingin Beijing． The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish． It is suchgreat hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing． 25． （2012 新课标全国） I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive． From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my toy． "I was happy when the toys worked， but when things did wrong，I got angry and broke it． For a while parents bought me new toys． But before long they began to see which was happening． When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train， my father said，"That's it． No more toys to you． "My punishment lasted a year． Meanwhile， I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last． My attitude changed from then on． 26． (2011 新课标全国） My summer travel started terribly． I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou． I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday． I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it． Luckily I had all my money on my pocket，but the only clothes I had was those I had on． It felt very strange to travel without any luggages． When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes． I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last． 27． （2010 辽宁） Christine was just a girl in one of my classes． I never knew much about her except for that she was strange． She didn't talk many． Her hair was black and purple，and she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater，although in the summer． She was，in fact，rather attractively，and she never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her． Like the rest of my classmate，I didn't really want to get closest to her． It was only when we did their chemistry project together that I begin to understand why Christine dressed the way she did． 第三部分 语法知识运用 考点 15 短文改错答案 1． （2017 新课标Ⅰ） In the summer holiday following my birthday，I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was． Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor's orders， once I started the car，my mind blank． I forgot what he had said to me altogether，The instructor kept repeating the ，“Speed up!”“Slow down!”“ left！” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left． A few minutes ，the instructor asked me to stop the car． It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road． 第一处：eighteen 改为 eighteenth。考查序数词。“我的 18 岁生日”，应用序数词 eighteenth。 第二处：在 first day 前加 the 或 my。由序数词 first 可知，其前应加定冠词 the。也可以用形容词性 物主代词 my 修饰 first day。 第三处：so 改为 but 或 yet。考查上下文的逻辑关系。根据语境可知，前后两句之间为转折关系， 故把 so 改为 but 或 yet。 第四处：goes 改为 went。考查时态。本文讲述作者 18 岁生日后的那个暑假发生的事情，且通篇以 过去时为主。此处应用一般过去时，故把 goes 改为 went。 第五处：word 改为 words。考查名词的数。根据下文可知，教练发出了很多指令，故用 word 的复 eighteen eighteenth the / my ∧ so but / yet goes went word words Turning Turn much late later suddenly sudden on of 数形式 words。 第六处：Turning 改为 Turn。考查谓语动词。此处为祈使句，并和上文中的“Speed up”和“Slow down”并列，故改为动词原形 Turn。 第七处：删除 so 后的 much。考查固定句型。此处含有“so…that…”引导的结果状语从句，句中的 much 多余，故删除。 第八处：late 改为 later。考查副词。late 意为“迟，晚”。“一段时间+later”表示“一段时间之后”， 故把 late 改为 later。 第九处：suddenly 改为 sudden。考查形容词。该句中的名词 stop 应用形容词修饰，所以把 suddenly 改为 sudden。 第十处：on 改为 of。考查固定搭配。in the middle of 意为“在……的中间”，故把 on 改为 of。 2． （2017 新课标Ⅱ） Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school． They live far from the school，and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day． In their spare time， they are in planting vegetables in their garden ， is on the rooftop of their house ． They often get up and water the vegetables together ． They have also bought some gardening tools． ，they often get some useful from the Internet． When summer ，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 第一处：all 改为 both 或将 all 去掉。考查代词。因为主语是两个人，所以用 both 表示两者都， 而 all 则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将 all 去掉也可以。 第二处：a 改为 an 或 one。考查冠词。因为 hour 的发音以元音音素开头，所以其前用 an。此处也 可用 one 表示数量“一”。 第三处：interesting 改为 interested。考查形容词。因为是描述主语 they 的心理状态，所以使用 interested“对……感兴趣的”。 第四处：that 改为 which。考查关系代词。此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语， 指代上文的 garden，所以用 which 来引导该定语从句。 all both all a an / one interesting interested that which earlier early for Beside Besides informations information came comes to ∧ 第五处：earlier 改为 early。考查副词。此处没有比较的含义，所以用 early 的原级。 第六处：去掉 for。考查介词。 buy 为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，而 buy sth． for sb． 意为“为 某人买某物”。 第七处：Beside 改为 Besides。考查副词。beside 意为“在……旁”，而 besides 意为“此外”。 第八处：informations 改为 information。考查名词。 information 为不可数名词，无复数形式。 第九处：came 改为 comes。考查动词时态。因为主句部分为一般将来时态，所以此处的时间状语从 句应使用一般现在时表将来意义。 第十处：在 students 后加 to。考查动词的固定用法。短语 invite sb． to do sth． 意为“邀请某人做 某事”。 3． （2017 新课标Ⅲ） When I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies． I grown not only physically， also mentally in the past few years． About one month after this photo was ， I entered my second year of high school and ， a new member of the school music club． Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments． I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes， playing pop music，and collecting the music albums． This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of ． high school days． 第一处：删除 of。考查介词。realize 后接宾语从句，介词 of 多余。 第二处：had 改为 have。考查时态。由时间状语“in the past few years”可知，此处强调的是发生在 过去的动作对现在的影响，故应用现在完成时。 第三处：and 改为 but。考查连词。 not only…but also…是固定搭配。 第四处：took 改为 taken。考查语态。photo 与 take 为被动关系，故应用被动语态。 take 的过去分 词是 taken。 第五处：become 改为 became 。考查动词时态。“我”进入高中第二学年并成为学校音乐俱乐部的 of had have and but took taken become became this / the ∧ they that / which difference different late latest your my 新成员这一系列动作发生在过去，所以谓语动词应用 became。 第六处：picture 前面加 this 或者 the。考查限定词／冠词。 picture 作“照片”之意讲时是可数名词， 因为上文已提到过这张照片，因此要用定冠词 the 表特指，或者用 this。 第七处：they 改为 that 或 which 。考查定语从句。things 是个名词，后面接了一个定语从句，修饰 先行词 things，既可以用 that 也可以用 which 作关系代词。 第八处：difference 改为 different。考查形容词。名词 kinds 前需要形容词来修饰，因此把名词 difference 改为形容词 different。 第九处：late 改为 latest。考查形近词辨析。结合句意，这里表示收集最新的音乐专辑，故将 late 改 为 latest。 第十处：your 改为 my。考查人称指代一致。全文介绍的是“我”的故事，因此这里应该是“我” 高中时期的回忆。 4． (2016 新课标全国卷Ⅰ) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live ． Though not very big ， the restaurant is popular in our area． It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is ． Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables high quality oil are for cooking． My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in short period of time. Instead，he hopes that business will grow ． 第一处：that→where。考查宾语从句。此处表达的是“靠近我所居住的地方”，故需将 that 改为 where。where 在此引导宾语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。 第二处：but 去掉。考查连词。从属连词 Though（虽然）不可与并列连词 but(但是)一起使用，故需 去掉 but。 第三处：had→have。考查时态。整篇文章都是以现在时态写的，所以需将一般过去时改为一般现在 时。 第四处：honest→honesty。考查名词。根据语境“我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键在于诚实”可知，此 处该用名词形式作表语。 that where but had have honest honesty or and using used of ∧ the a our his steady steadily 第五处：or→and。考查并列连词。根据语境可知，此处不是表示选择关系，而是表示“新鲜的蔬菜 和优质的油”，故把 or 改为 and。 第六处：using→used。考查被动语态。fresh vegetables 和 high quality oil 与 use 之间存在被动关系， 故用被动语态。 第七处：becoming 前加 of。考查介词。dream of doing sth． 是固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”。 第八处：the→a。考查冠词。此处表示泛指，故该用不定冠词 a，in a short period of time 意为“短 期内”。 第九处：our→his。考查代词。由语境及主语 he 可知，此处指的是叔叔的生意，故将 our 改为 his 才合乎语境。 第十处：steady→steadily。考查副词。修饰动词 grow 该用副词，所以应用 steady 的副词形式 steadily。 5． (2016 新课标全国卷Ⅱ) The summer holiday is coming． My classmates and I are talking about to do during the holiday. We can between staying at home and a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden view and gain we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I that it is a good idea. It does not cost , yet we can still learn a lot. 第一处：how 改为 what。考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，are talking about 后为宾语从句，且从句中 do 缺少宾语，故将 how 改为 what。 第二处：chose 改为 choose。考查情态动词的用法。情态动词后接动词原形。 第三处：take 改为 taking。考查非谓语动词。因为 and 连接两个并列的成分，且介词后接动名词形 式，所以将 take 改为 taking。 第四处：but 改为 and。考查连词。前后句之间为并列关系，故将 but 改为 and。 第五处：在 world 前加 the。考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，故应用定冠词 the。 第六处：your 改为 our。考查代词。因为句子的主语为“we”，故此处用 our。 how what chose choose take taking but and the ∧ your our knowledges knowledge can can should thought think many much 第七处：knowledges 改为 knowledge。考查名词的数。 knowledge 为不可数名词，只能用单数形式。 第八处：删除 can 或将 can 改为 should。考查虚拟语气。suggest 意为“建议”时，其后的宾语从句 要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 should+动词原形，should 可以省略。 第九处：thought 改为 think。考查动词的时态。全文的时态均以一般现在时为主，故此处应用一般 现在时。 第十处：many 改为 much。考查代词。表示“钱”的多少时，要用 much 而不是 many。 6． (2016 新课标全国卷Ⅲ) The teenage from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and years in my life. At first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by ． However, my parents didn't seem to think ． They always me what to do and how to do it． At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be from them． I showed them I was independent by strange clothes． Now I am leaving home college． At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help． 第一处：year 改为 years。考查名词复数。13 至 19 岁不止一年的年龄差，此处为复数概念，故用 years。 第二处：worse 改为 worst。考查形容词最高级。句中有表示范围的 in my life，同时应与前面的 best 保持一致。 第三处：删除 the。考查固定搭配。at first 表示“起初”。 第四处：yourself 改为 myself。考查反身代词的一致性。由前面的代词 I 可知，此处应用 myself。 第五处：such 改为 so。考查固定搭配。由“I don't think so． ”的固定表达可知，应将 such 改为 so。 第六处：tell 改为 told。考查语篇中时态的一致性。全文中心时态为一般过去时，故应将 tell 改为 told。 第七处：freely 改为 free。考查形容词的句法功能。系动词 be 后应为形容词作表语。 year years worse worst the yourself myself such so tell told freely free wear wearing to for I ∧ 第八处：wear 改为 wearing。考查动名词作宾语。介词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。 第九处：to 改为 for。考查固定搭配。leave...for...表示“离开某地去某地”。 第十处：whenever 后加 I。考查句子结构。whenever 为时间状语从句连词，其在此引导的从句缺了 主语，根据句意可知，此处应加主语 I。 7． (2016 四川) It is Mother's Day today. Though it's a western festival, it's popular in China now． Mom has a full-time job， she has to do most of the ． She is a great mother. Both Dad I planned to do something on Mother's Day． We up early in the morning． Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping． When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen ． The dishes I cooked were Mom's ． At dinner，we said to her, "Happy Mother's Day!” Mom was grateful and ． 第一处：so→but。母亲有一份全职工作，但是她还要做大部分的家务活。根据语境可知，前后分句 间为转折关系，所以用连词 but。 第二处：houseworks→housework。 housework 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。 第三处：or→and。both...and...是固定用法，故用 an。 第四处：get→got。本文讲述的是在母亲节发生过的事，所以用一般过去时。 第五处：去掉 on。go shopping“购物”，是固定用法。go on doing sth． 意为“继续做某事”，不符 合语境。 第六处：her→his。此处指父亲，所以用物主代词 his。 第七处：kitchen 前加 the。此处特指“我”家的厨房，故加 the。 第八处：what→that/which 或去掉 what。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为 The dishes，关系词在从句中作动词 cooked 的宾语，所以用关系代词 that/which 引导，关系代词在从句中作 宾语时也可以省略。 第九处：favoritest→favorite。favorite 作名词时，意为“特别喜爱的东西”，该词作形容词时没有比 较级和最高级。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词 favorite。 so but houseworks housework or and get got on her his the ∧ what / what that / which favoritest favorite moving moved 第十处：moving→moved。母亲既感激又感动。moved 修饰人，moving 修饰物，根据主语为 Mom 可知，要用 moved。 8． (2016 浙江) When I was a very young ， my father created a regular practice I remember well years ． Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we’d greet at the door. He would ask who we and pretend not to us． Then he and my mother would have a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers． While they ，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit the top of the fridge. It was both and frightening to be up there! My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there． 第一处：children 改为 child。考查名词单复数。根据 I 和 a 可知，这里应用可数名词单数形式，故改 为 child。 第二处：late 改为 later。根据语境可知，此处表示“很多年后”，故改为 later。 第三处：end 前添加 the。考查冠词。此处 at the end of 是固定词组，表示“在……的最后”。 第四处：her 改为 him。考查代词。根据上文的 he 可知，此处应改为 him。 第五处：was 改为 were。考查主谓一致。根据 we 可知，谓语动词应该用复数形式，故改为 were。 第六处：knowing 改为 know。考查动词。pretend (not) to do sth． “假装（不）做某事”，此处是 不定式，后面需要用动词原形，故改为 know。 第七处：去掉 had。考查动词。根据语境和下文的“would talk”可知，此处应该用 would do 结构。 第八处：chat 改为 chatted。考查时态。根据本文的整体时态可知，应用一般过去时，故改为 chatted。 第九处：in 改为 on。考查介词。on the top of 是固定词组，表示“在……的上面”。 第十处：excited 改为 exciting。考查形容词。根据语境和主语为 It 可知，此处表示“令人激动的”， 故用-ing 形式的形容词。 9． (2015 新课标Ⅰ) When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city． I I would be happy there． Now I am living in children child late later the ∧ her him was were knowing know had chat chatted in on excited exciting think thought a city, but I miss my home in countryside ． There the air is clean the mountains are green ． Unfortunately, the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted ． Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very problem ． The we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier ． rare animals are dying out． We must ways to protect environment． If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it． 【解析】 第一处：think thought。前两句是回忆童年的事情，因此应用一般过去时，把 think 改为 thought。 第二处：在 countryside 前加 the。in the countryside“在农村”，应在 countryside 前加上冠词 the。 第三处：or and。根据前后句之间为并列关系可知，此处应把 or 改为 and。 第四处：on with。随着工业化的发展，环境被污染了。这里表示伴随状况，因此把 on 改为 with。 第五处：去掉 been。很多研究表明：全球变暖是一个非常严重的问题。本句应用主动语态，因此去 掉 been。 第六处：seriously serious。应用形容词 serous 修饰名词，因此把 seriously 改为 serious。 第七处：airs air。air 为不可数名词，因此把 airs 改为 air。 第八处：Much Many。Much 修饰不可数名词，rare animals 为复数形式，因此把 Much 改为 Many。 第九处：found find。在情态动词 must 之后应用动词原形，因此把 found 改为 find。 第十处：your our 或 the。本句的主语为 We，用了第一人称，因此把物主代词 your 改为 our，此 处也可以改为 the。 10． (2015 陕西) My soccer coach retired in last week. I wanted to do special for him at his retirement party. My mum makes the biscuits in the world, so I to ask her for help. Mum taught me some the ∧ or and on with seriously serious airs air Much Many found find our your / the → → → → → → → → so an me ything thing better best decide decided basic of baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really . My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor I was packing them up. At party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked, “I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me the biscuits with happy laughter! 【解析】 第一处：去掉 last 前的 in。考查时间状语。当用作时间状语的词前有 next，last 等词时，其前不用 介词。 第二处：改 anything 为 something。考查不定代词。句意：我想为他做一些特别的事情。表示“一 些”要用代词 something，而 anything 的意思是“任何事情”。 第三处：改 better 为 best。考查形容词最高级。句意：我的母亲做出世界上最好的饼干。由 makes 后的 the 可知，此处要用 形容词最高级。 第四处：改 decide 为 decided。考查动词时态。根据整篇文章所发生的时间来看，此处表示的是过 去的事情，所以要用一般过去时。 第五处：改 step 为 steps。考查名词复数。表示“烘饼干的一些基本步骤”，要用名词的复数形式。 第六处：改 well 为 good。考查形容词辨析。 well 通常指健康状况，而此处指的是食物很好，要用 good。 第七处：改 after 为 when/while。考查状语从句。句意：当我在把它们打包起来时，一些（饼干）掉 到了地板上。表示“当……的时候”，要用 when 或 while。 第八处：改 a 为 the。考查冠词。根据前面的“retirement party”可知，此处表示特指，要用 the。 第九处：在 just 后加 to。考查非谓语动词。句意：我可能明年必须再退休一次，仅仅是为了吃到更 多的饼干。根据句子结构来判断，此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。 第十处：改 enjoy 为 enjoying。考查非谓语动词。在介词 of 之后要用动词-ing 形式。 11． (2015 四川) Hi, Janice, step steps well good when / w after hile a the to ∧ enjoy enjoying It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. As I you last time, I made three new here. We hang out together during lunch and after school. We've been spending a lot of time in karaoke bars. It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me . And I started to see this as a time—wasting activity! In fact, I don ’ t like to go anymore, I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. do you think I should do? If you me , would you talk to ? Please help me and give me some advice. Grace 【解析】 第一处：want 诸加上 to。考考察非谓语动词，want 后接不定式作宾语。 第二处：tell→told。考查时态。句中的“last time”表明此处用一般过去时。 第三处：friend→friends。考查名词。句中的信息词“three”表明此处用名词的复数形式。 第四处：sing→singing。考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth． “花费时间做某事”，为固定 用法。 第五处：many。mucho 考查代词。根据语境，此处指花了“我”很多钱，应用 much 代指不可数名 词。 第六处：so→but。考查连词。上下句有转折关系，应用 but。 第七处：How→What。考查疑问词。do 后缺少宾语，所以疑问代词用 what，表示“所……的事情”。 第八处：are→were。考查虚拟语气。根据语境，此处是对现在事实的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语 动词应用过去式。 第九处：him→them。考查代词。此处指作者的三个朋友，是复数概念，应用 them。 第十处：去掉 help 后的 with。考查介词。help 为及物动词，其后可直接跟宾语。 12． (2015 浙江) to ∧ tell told friend friends sing sin ging many much so but How What are were him them with My old classroom was interesting because three of the classroom were made glass. I enjoyed close to the windows and looking at the view. 0n the left-hand side of the class, I could see the football field. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around . Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. 0n the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. The position of the classroom with its view made me like I was dreaming. I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it. 【解析】 第一处：side 改为 sides。考查名词复数。前面为数词 three，side 为可数名词，所以要用复数形式。 第二处：from 改为 of。考查介词。be made of“由……组成”，可以看得出原材料，be made from “由…组成”，看不出原材料。 第三处：sit 改为 sitting。考查非谓语动词。enjoy 后要接动词—ing 形式。 第四处：easy 改为 easily。考查副词。此处修饰动词 see，需要用副词。 第五处：is 改为 was。考查时态。从上下文的时态可知，此处应用一般过去时。 第六处：them 改为 it。考查代词。此处代词指代前面的 park，是单数，所以用 it。 第七处：could 后的 not 去掉。考查上下文逻辑。根据上下文内容可知，从远处可以看到雪山，故将 could 后的 not 去掉。 第八处：in 后面加 a。考查冠词。in a hurry 是固定词组，意为“匆忙”。 第九处：felt 改为 feel。考查非谓语动词 o make sb. do sth． 意为“使某人做某事”，此处应用动词 原形作宾补。 第十处：If 改为 Although/Though 。考查连词。此处意为“虽然”，应用 Although 或 Though 来引导 让步状语从句。 13． (2015 新课标Ⅱ) side sides from of sit sitting easy easily is was them it a ∧ felt feel Although / Th If ough 0ne day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his . It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After at the toy for some time, he turned around and found / his parents were missing. Tony was scared and to cry. A woman saw him crying and him to wait outside shop. Five minutes later. Tony saw parents. Mom said,” How nice to see you again! Dad and I were worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again. 【解析】 第一处：parents parents。综合下文的“his parents were missing”可知托尼是和爸爸妈妈一起去 购物的，因此应用复数形式 parents。 第二处：on in。结合生活常识可知，这里表示在商店橱窗里摆放着一个玩具，故应用 in。 第三处：去掉 very。这里 so…that…引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，因此 very 应去掉。 第四处：looks looking。结合语境这里应用动名词作介词 After 的宾语，故应把 looks 改为 looking。 第五处：where that 或者去掉 where。本句中连词 that 引导的从句充当动词 found 的宾语，that 不作句子成分只起连接作用，同时宾语从句又可以省略掉连词 that。 第六处：begun began。这里是对过去发生的事情的客观叙述，应用一般过去时，故应把 begun 改 为 began。 第七处：telling told。此处 and 连接的两个先后发生的动作在时态上应保持一致，故应把 telling 改为 told。 第八处：a the。结合语境可知，同一名词第二次提到应表示特指，故应把 shop 前的 a 改为 the。 第九处：parents 前加 his。结合语境可知，这里 parents 并不是表示泛指而是指托尼的爸爸妈妈，故 应在 parents 前加 his。 第十处：terrible terribly。修饰形容词应用副词，故用 terribly。 14． (2014 新课标Ⅰ) Nearly five years , and with the help our father, my sister and I planted some cherry parent parents on in loo looks king where that where begun began telling told a the his ∧ terrible terribly → → → → → → → → before ago by of tomatoes( 圣女果) in our back garden ． Since then --- for all these --- we been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please． As result, the plants are growing ． The fruits are small in size, but juicy and ． There are so that we often share them with our neighbors． Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, we have never had any disease or insect attack problems． We are growing tomatoes at no cost! ①考查副词。ago 是个后置副词，放在表示时间的词语之后，因此把 before 改为 ago。 ②考查介词。with the help of sb． “在某人的帮助下”，是固定搭配。 ③考查名词的数。for all these years“这么多年来”，因此应用 year 的复数形式 years。 ④考查时态。结合文意可知，此处表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，因此把 had 改为 have。 ⑤考查冠词。as a result“结果”，是固定短语。 ⑥考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示“到处都是这种植物”，因此把 somewhere 改为 everywhere。 ⑦考查形容词。由形容词 juicy 及并列连词 and 可知，把 taste 改为 tasty“好吃的”，用形容词作表 语。 ⑧考查限定词。此处表示“圣女果太多了，因此我们常与邻居分享”。that 前承前省略了 fruits，much 限定不可数名词，many 限定可数名词复数，因此把 much 改为 many。 ⑨考查连词。从句中已经出现了连词 Although，因此应去掉主句中的 but，或将其改为 yet。 ⑩考查形容词。应用形容词修饰名词，因此把 wonderfully 改为 wonderful。 15． （2014 浙江) I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station． I noticed that the carriage was and filled with people． Before long，a train inspector to check out tickets． A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket became quite upset． Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket，which year years had have a ∧ somewhere everywhere taste tasty much many but wonderfully wonderful had noise noisy comes came but and for ∧ was eventually found under a seat several rows from owner． The person who found ticket smiled with pleasure at his success． No one in the carriage had spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before． Yet，they had so quickly offered the their help． If we could show concern to others need，the world would be a better place to live in． 【解析】 ①考查时态。此处只是对过去事实的描述，故用一般过去时。 ②考查形容词。此处 be 动词后面应用形容词作表语。 ③考查时态。根据上下文可知此处要用一般过去时。 ④考查连词。前后句之间是顺承关系，故用并列连词 and。 ⑤考查介词。search for“搜寻，找寻”，后接要我的对象，故此处需加介词 for。 ⑥考查冠词或代词。此处的 owner 指的是车票的所有者，所以应该用 its 或者用定冠词 the 表示特指。 ⑦考查冠词。根据上下文语境可知，此处指丢失的那张车票，故应用定冠词 the 表示特指。 ⑧考查副词。修饰谓语动词应用副词 previously。 ⑨考查名词的数。这里指车票的主人，故要用单数。 ⑩考查固定搭配。in need“在困难中”，是固定搭配。 16． (2014 四川) Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk what you should do when a fire alarm off． If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside． Stay close to your teacher and classmate． Don't panic or get out of line, and to remain quiet and ． Soon the firefighters will come and put out fire． If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead back to the classroom． If you notice that his its / the a the previous previously strangers stranger on in with about go goes for ∧ classmate classmates trying try calmly calm a the us you when someone is missing hurt, tell your teacher immediately． ①考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“谈论某事”，要用 talk ahout sth． 。故把 with 改为 about。 ②考查主谓一致。根据从句主语“a fIre alarm”可知，从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。故将 go 改为 goes。 ③考查固定搭配。此处表示等你的老师带你出去。表示“等待……”，要用 wait for。 ④考查名词的数。根据句意“挨着你的老师和同学”可知，此处表示许多同学，故要用 classmate 的 复数形式。 ⑤考查句子结构。根据句子的结构可知，此处 and 连接两个并列的祈使句，所以此处要用动词原形。 故将 trying 改为 try。 ⑥考查形容词。此处应用形容词作 remam 的表语，表示“保持镇静”。故将 calmly 改为 calm。 ⑦考查冠词。此处表示“扑灭这场火”。前文已经提到过 fire，第二次出现，要用定冠词 the。 ⑧考查代词。根据句意可知，此处表示“你的老师将带你们回到教室”。故将 us 改为 you。 ⑨考查句子结构。此处表示“如果你注意到有人失踪了或是受伤了”。根据句子的结构来判断，notice 后接一个宾语从句，从句表达完整的内容，故去掉 when。 ⑩考查连词。根据句意可知，此处表示选择，应用 or，意为“或者”。 17． (2014 陕西) My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven． He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees ． My uncles all along with bows and arrows for hunting． 0ne evening at sunset, we sat by the fire， our barbecue． Just then a bird was flying over us． My uncles jumped up and shot their arrows the bird． of the arrows hit the target． Suddenly the arrows flying down at us from the sky — they like rain! We ran to escape fortunately no one was injured． and or to ∧ come came have having immediate immediately on at Neither None was were were looked were looked删除 或 but and That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt impressive lesson about gravity! ①考查不定式符号。want 后接动词时要用其不定式形式作宾语。 ②考查时态。根据语境可知，此处表示过去的动作，所以要用一般过去时。故把 come 改为 came。 ③考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构来判断，此处要用现在分词作状语，表示伴随情况。故把 have 改 为 having。 ④考查副词。根据句子结构来判断，此处要用副词修饰动词jumped。故把immediate改为immediately。 ⑤考查介词。shoot...at...的意思是“用……射击……”。 ⑥考查代词。根据句子前的“their arrows”可判断出，此处表示多支箭，所以用 none，表示“没有 一个”；而 neither 表示“两者都不”。故把 Neither 改为 None。 ⑦考查主谓一致。由于句子主语为“the arrows”，故谓语动词要用复数形式，同时此处表示过去的 动作，所以要用 were。 ⑧考查句子结构。根据句子结构来判断，此处是系表结构。be like 表示“相像”，look like 表示“看 起来像”，故此处有两种改法：去掉 were 或 looked。 ⑨考查连词。根据句意可知，前后表示顺承关系，而不是转折关系。故把 but 改为 and。 ⑩考查冠词。由于 impressive 是以元音音素开头的，所以要用不定冠词 an 来修饰。 18． (2014 新课标Ⅱ) My dream school starts at 8:30 a． m． and ends at 3:30 p． m． are three lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon． We need to do so homework． Therefore，we have more time after-school activities． For example，we can do reading for one and a half and play sport for one hour every day． My dream school like a big garden． There are all kinds the flowers and trees around the classroom, buildings． We can lie on the grass for a rest， by the lake listening music． The teachers here are kind and ． They are not only our teachers but also our friends． a an They There didn't don't many much with for hour hours look looks of sat sit to ∧ helpfully helpful 第一处 根据句子结构来判断，此处要用 there be 句型。故把 They 改为 There。 第二处 文章主体时态为一般现在时，此处表示“我们（每天）不需要做如此多的家庭作业”，所以 要用一般现在时。故把 didn't 改为 don't。 第三处 由于 homework 是不可数名词，故修饰该词应用 much，而 many 修饰可数名词复数。 第四处 后接表示对象、用途等的名词时应用介词 for，意为“对，给，供”。 第五处 hour 前有“one and a half”修饰，所以其后的名词要用复数形式。故把 hour 改为 hours。 第六处 根据句子的主语“My dream school”可判断出，谓语动词要用单数形式，再结合全文的时态 可知应用 looks。 第七处 教学楼周围有各种各样的花和树木。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指，所以 flowers 前不用定 冠词。 第八处 根据句子结构可知，“躺”和“坐”是并列关系，由于在情态动词 can 之后，所以应用动词 原形。故把 sat 改为 sit。 第九处 listen to 的意思是“听”，其后接宾语时，介词 to 不可省。 第十处 根据句子结构可知，此处要用形容词作表语。故把 helpfully 改为 helpful。 19． (2013 新课标Ⅰ) I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to me on her knees and sing hold old songs. I was only four when she away. She is just a distant memory for me now. I remember my grandfather very . He was tall, with broad and a beard well shoulders that turned from black gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set had apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. In fact, him and ache even scared my classmates away they came over to play or do homework when with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have known. 第一处：本题考查固定用法 used to do something，表示“过去常常”。holding 改为 hold。 第二处：本题考查时态。该句描述的是过去的事实，应用过去时，passes 改为 passed。 第三处：本题考查副词。very much 很多；一般修饰数量多少；very well 很好；一般修饰动词。此 holding hold passes passed much well / clearly shoulder shoulders toward to / into himself him and ∧ a during when never ever 句是对 remember 这个动词的修饰，应用 very well。 第四处：本题考查名词单复数。shoulder 此处指的是双肩，所以 shoulder 改为复数 shoulders。 第五处：本题考查时态。该句描述的是过去某段时间内的事实变化，应用过去完成时。turned 前面 加上 had。 第六处：本题考查代词。该句为非限制性定语从句，主语是 which，指 a deep voice，谓语动词为 set，宾语可直接用名词的宾格，不存在反射或强调关系，因而不需要用反身代词来 himself，应用 him。 第七处：本题考查并列连词。该句由两个单句构成，前一个单句中带有非限制性定语从句。两个单 句需要用并列连词连接，此处根据句意应用 and。 第八处：本题考查固定用法。in fact 事实上，实际上。 第九处：本题考查从属连词。when 当……时候；during 在……期间；由句义可知，此处应用 when。 第十处：本题考查副词。never 意为从未有过；ever 意为曾经，在任何时候。由句义可知，应用 ever。 20． (2013 新课标Ⅱ) The book I’m reading talks about afternoon tea in Britain． It is said to have started in the early 1800’s． tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner， might not be served until 8 o ’ clock at night ． This custom soon another meal of day． ，it had a connection the British porcelain(瓷器) industry． Tea in China was traditionally from cups without handles． When tea got popular in Britain，there was a crying need for good with handles to suit British habits． This made for the in the porcelain industry． 第一处：去掉 of。第一行的 I’m reading 是定语从句修饰 the book，read 为及物动词，故去掉 of。 第二处：第三句 have 改为 having。做主语的应为动名词。 第三处：that 改为 which。考查非限制性定语从句。根据前面逗号可知为非限制性定语从句，不能 用 that 引导。 第四处：becomes 改为 became。考查时态。根据后文可知为一般过去时。 of Have Having that which becomes became the ∧ Interesting Interestingly by with drank drunk cup cups grow growth 第五处：day 前加 the。这里特指那天，故用 the day。 第六处：interesting 改为 interestingly。考查形容词和副词辨析。修饰整个句子用副词。 第七处：by 改为 with/ to。考查介词。固定短语：have a connection with/ to… 第八处：drank 改为 drink。drink 既可以作名词也可作动词，作名词意为“饮料”，此处用名词。 第九处：cup 改为 cups。考查名词单复数。此处 cup 为可数名词，应用复数形式。 第十处：grow 改为 growth。for 介词后用名词形式。 21． (2013 四川) Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test