2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 2 Cloning（含解析）新人教版选修8

2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 2 Cloning（含解析）新人教版选修8

Unit 2 Cloning 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ Kanda really doesn’t like to walk alone.The scientist from a research institute of intelligent robots finds the experience so boring that he’d rather drive—even though he lives close to his lab and knows that walking is healthy.“I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter，” Kanda said.“But they are not always available.”‎ So Kanda，who specializes in humanlike bots，developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out and exercise more.The bot rests on a person’s shoulder like a boxy parrot.It weighs about a pound and a half and sits roughly 8.5 inches high，and is 3.5 inches wide and 10 inches long.A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to communicate.It’s even equipped with a smile.‎ Kanda and his team collected video from five different locations，including a garden and a shopping mall，and created a dataset of small talk topics related to each location.Then they programmed the robot to associate visual cues with specific topics.A special speech software provided the robot with a voice.Near a group of parked cars，for example，it might say，“In a big parking lot， sometimes I forget where I parked.”‎ They tested the robot on 15 volunteers，10 males and 5 females，who were paid and averaged about 26 years old.“Have you ever blown a puff of dandelion（蒲公英） seeds into the air？”The robot asked a participant，who smiled and responded，“Yes，I often did that when I was a child.” Although several participants noted the robot’s weight，Kanda was surprised that no one considered the experience strange or funny.“I guess people enjoy new technologies，” he said.‎ Just like a human partner，Kanda’s bot isn’t perfect.It’s not able to go for walks in heavy rain and，while the robot can make expressions，it can’t really hold 8‎ ‎ a conversation，about which Kanda is most worried.Despite its limits，Kanda was comforted by the bot’s presence.“I felt a kind of sense of being with someone，” he said，“particularly when it spoke.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了新研发的陪人散步的机器人。‎ ‎1.Why does Kanda have the idea of developing a robotic walking partner？‎ A.Because he wants someone to accompany him while walking.‎ B.Because he has never developed a robot like a parrot.‎ C.Because his family are unwilling to walk with him.‎ D.Because he is crazy about developing robots.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“‘I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter，’Kanda said.‘But they are not always available.’”可知，Kanda发明陪人散步的机器人的原因是想找个人在他散步时陪他，故选A。‎ ‎2.What characteristic does the robot have？‎ A.It can “speak” and “see”.‎ B.It can walk like a human being.‎ C.It can communicate with people freely.‎ D.It is much more humorous than a real person.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句以及第三段的“Then they programmed...with a voice.”可推知，这种机器人可以说话还可以看，故选A。‎ ‎3.What is necessary for the robot to function？‎ A.A small size.　　　 B．A boxy shape.‎ C.A human partner. D．A speech software.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句和第三段的“Then they programmed...A special speech software provided the robot with a voice.”可知，这种机器人是要配备麦克风、扬声器、内置摄像头以及特殊的语音软件的，故选D。‎ ‎4.What is Kanda most likely to do about his robot next？‎ A.To make it more convenient to carry.‎ B.To improve its conversational skills.‎ C.To enable it to walk in heavy rain.‎ D.To better its sound system.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句的“it can’t really hold a conversation，about which Kanda is most worried”并结合全文的内容可推知，接下来Kanda将要改善的是机器人的交流技能，故选B。‎ 8‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．She was forced ________ (retire) early from teaching because of ill health.‎ 答案：to retire　be forced to do ... “被迫做……”；retire “退休”。‎ ‎2．Many local people ________(object) to the building of the new airport.‎ 答案：objected　object to ... “反对……”。‎ ‎3．It won't make much ________(differ) whether you go today or tomorrow.‎ 答案：difference　由空前的much可知应填名词difference。make a/no/some/much difference 表示“有/没有/有些/有很大影响/作用/关系”。‎ ‎4．He owes his success more ________luck than ________ ability.‎ 答案：to; to　owe ... to ... “把……归功于……”。‎ ‎5．Alcohol acts on the brain, so drivers are forbidden________ (drink) it when they drive a car.‎ 答案：to drink　be forbidden to do ... “被禁止做某事”。‎ ‎6．________(strike) by strong snowstorms, the area faced a severe water and electricity shortage.‎ 答案：Struck　过去分词短语在该句中作原因状语。‎ ‎7．The question ________will take his place is still not clear.‎ 答案：who　who引导同位语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的人”，从句说明question的内容。‎ ‎8．The advantage is ________the cost of this method is low.‎ 答案：that　设空处引导表语从句在从句中不作成分，无语义，只起连接作用，故填that。‎ ‎9．I can't ________(undertake) that you will win in the election.‎ 答案：undertake　由空前的情态动词can可知应填动词原形。I can't undertake that ... “我无法承诺……”。‎ ‎10．You can use my computer on condition ________ you return it tomorrow.‎ 答案：that　on condition that ... “条件是……；只要……”。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ One Saturday afternoon，my mother was driving home.On the halfway，after __1__ her credit card to buy something at the store near the gas station，she put her wallet on the top of her car just for a moment to __2__ my phone call.And then __3__，she 8‎ ‎ forgot and drove off.When arriving home，she realized that and thought that the __4__ of getting it again was small.‎ She was so __5__ surprised when she found a __6__ on her door from a person who said he and his friend found her wallet a few hours earlier.Patrick and Catherine saw the wallet in the middle of the road a few __7__ from the gas station.They stopped their car to __8__.It was filled with all the things one usually kept in a wallet，including some __9__ and other cash，however，no phone number.__10__ this，they managed to get a(n) __11__ from my mother's driving licence, and without hesitation，they decided to drive to our home to __12__ it.‎ When my mother went to get her wallet，she was so __13__ and grateful.She __14__ to give them some money as a(n) __15__ of gratitude，but they refused，saying that they were just glad to __16__ my mother help.‎ They were naturally __17__，and they had firm __18__ in the Golden Rule as well.They drove to our home because they realized the unpleasant and upset experience the loss of a wallet and all its contents could __19__.I think they were really __20__ and helpful.‎ ‎1．A.pulling out B．applying for C．paying for D．making out ‎2．A.make B．answer C．hear D．send ‎3．A.carefully B．ridiculously C．obviously D．deliberately ‎4．A.amount B．expectation C．thought D．chance ‎5．A.curiously B．joyfully C．willingly D．strangely ‎6．A.sign B．signal C．note D．postcard ‎7．A.stops B．hours C．squares D．blocks ‎8．A.pick it up B．look it up C．take it out D．put it out ‎9．A.pictures B．envelopes C．bills D．napkins 8‎ ‎10．A.Instead of B．Despite C．Without D．Beneath ‎11．A.number B．photograph C．address D．index ‎12．A.get B．check C．exchange D．return ‎13．A.upset B．relieved C．fortunate D．warmhearted ‎14．A.intended B．advised C．demanded D．instructed ‎15．A.feeling B．mood C．present D．expression ‎16．A.offer B．share C．trust D．seek ‎17．A.honest B．selfish C．frank D．creative ‎18．A.courage B．faith C．support D．devotion ‎19．A.fulfill B．ignore C．value D．cause ‎20．A.ambitious B．civilized C．polite D．considerate ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的母亲丢失了钱包，两位好心人拾到了钱包，并将它归还给母亲的故事。‎ ‎【核心词汇】pull out 取出，拉出　obviously adv.明显地　chance n．机会，可能性　intend vt.打算　considerate adj.考虑周到的 ‎1．A　根据下文的“she put her wallet on the top of her car just for a moment”的提示可知，此处指母亲取出她的信用卡去购买一些东西。pull out“取出，拉出”；apply for“申请”；pay for“支付”；make out“理解”。‎ ‎2．B　为了接听作者的电话，作者的母亲把钱包放在车顶一会儿。answer“回答，接听”。‎ ‎3．C　根据下文的“she forgot and drove off.When arriving home, she realized”的提示可知，此处指“明显地”。carefully“仔细地”；ridiculously“荒谬地”；obviously“明显地”；deliberately“故意地”。‎ 8‎ ‎4．D　当母亲到家的时候，她意识到了这件事，并且认为再次得到它的可能性很小。amount“数量”；expectation“期望”；thought“想法”；chance“机会，可能性”。‎ ‎5．B　根据空后的“when she found a __6__ on her door from a person who said he and his friend found her wallet a few hours earlier”的提示可知，母亲感到既高兴又惊奇。curiously“好奇地”；joyfully“高兴地”；willingly“乐意地”；strangely“奇怪地”。‎ ‎6．C　母亲发现门上有一个便条。sign“迹象”；signal“信号”；note“便条”；postcard“明信片”。‎ ‎7．D　根据“Patrick and Catherine saw...They stopped their car to __8__”的提示可知，Patrick和Catherine在离加油站几个街区远的路中间发现了这个钱包，他们停下车捡起了它。stop“车站”；hour“小时”；square“广场”；block“街区”。‎ ‎8．A　参见上题解析。pick sth.up“捡起某物”符合语境。‎ ‎9．C　根据上文的“It was filled with all the things one usually kept in a wallet”的提示以及常识可知，钱包里有一些账单和其他的现金。picture“画，照片”；envelope“信封”；bill“账单”；napkin“餐巾”。‎ ‎10．B　根据“however, no phone number.__10__ this, they managed to get a(n)__11__ from my mother's driving licence”的提示可知，钱包里面没有电话号码，尽管如此，他们还是从母亲的驾照上得到了一个地址。instead of“代替”；despite“尽管”；without“没有”；beneath“在……下面”。‎ ‎11．C　参见上题解析。number“数字”；photograph“相片”；address“地址”；index“索引”。‎ ‎12．D　他们毫不犹豫地开车来到我们家把钱包归还给了母亲。get“得到”；check“检查”；exchange“交换”；return“归还”。‎ ‎13．B　当母亲去拿钱包的时候，她感到非常宽慰和感激。upset“沮丧的”；relieved“宽慰的”；fortunate“幸运的”；warmhearted“热心的”。‎ ‎14．A　根据上文的“When my mother went to get her wallet，she was so __13__and grateful”的提示可知，母亲打算给他们一些钱来表示感谢。intend“打算”；advise“建议”；demand“要求”；instruct“指导，说明”。‎ ‎15．D　参见上题解析。feeling“感觉”；mood“情绪，心情”；present“礼物”；expression“表达，表示”。‎ ‎16．A　但是他们拒绝了，他们说他们很乐意给母亲提供帮助。offer sb.sth.“提供某人某物”。‎ ‎17．A　他们表现自然，很诚实。honest“诚实的”；selfish“自私的”；frank“坦率的”；creative“有创造力的”。‎ ‎18．B　而且他们对于黄金规则也有着坚定的信心。have faith in 8‎ ‎ sb./sth.意为“对某人或某物有信心”。‎ ‎19．D　根据空前的“because they realized the unpleasant and upset experience the loss of a wallet and all its contents could”的提示可知，他们意识到了失去钱包和钱包里的所有东西可能会引起的令人不愉快和烦恼的经历。fulfill“实现”；ignore“忽视”；value“重视”；cause“引起”。‎ ‎20．D　根据“They drove to our home...its contents could __19__...and helpful”的提示可知，作者认为他们真的是考虑周到而且乐于助人的。ambitious“有野心的”；civilized“文明的”；polite“有礼貌的”；considerate“考虑周到的”。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．The story he told the police differed in the one he told his mother.‎ ‎____________________________________________________‎ 答案：in→from　differ from ... “和……不同”。‎ ‎2．Owed to her assistance, we succeeded in starting the engine.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：Owed→Owing　owing to ... “因为……；由于……”，为固定用法。‎ ‎3．It suddenly struck to me that we should make a new plan.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉to　It strikes sb. that ... “某人突然想起……”。‎ ‎4．My mother makes a promise if I passed the exam, she would buy me a watch.‎ ‎____________________________________________________‎ 答案：promise后加that　该句为that引导的同位语从句，that虽不作成分，但也不能省略。‎ ‎5．Encouraging by the speech, the young man made up his mind to take up the struggle.‎ ‎____________________________________________________‎ 答案：Encouraging→Encouraged　主语the young man 与encourage之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。‎ 五、短文改错 As is known to we all, America’s national pastime is baseball. It has played in this country since the first settlers arrive. It was a national ball what was liked by many Americans at that time. Although baseball possibly developed from an English game, it is now thought of like an American sport. From the Little League to the Major League, player of all skill levels enjoy testing their power on the “Field of Dreams”. Famous players, exciting music but the standard stadium food of hot dogs, popcorn and peanuts are popularly among Americans. In a fact, Americans make go to the baseball game a favorite summer outing for many Americans nowadays.‎ 8‎ 答案：‎ As is known to all, America’s national pastime is baseball. It has played in this country since the first settlers . It was a national ball was liked by many Americans at that time. Although baseball possibly developed from an English game, it is now thought of an American sport. From the Little League to the Major League, of all skill levels enjoy testing their power on the “Field of Dreams”. Famous players, exciting music the standard stadium food of hot dogs, popcorn and peanuts are among Americans. In fact, Americans make to the baseball game a favorite summer outing for many Americans nowadays.‎ 8‎