高考英语语法专题复习十七 名词性从句

高考英语语法专题复习十七 名词性从句

语法专题十七 名词性从句 ‎[考点解析]‎ 名词性从句 一． 名词性从句的关联词有三类：‎ ‎1． 从属连词：that, whether, if ‎2． 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever ‎3． 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 关联词的用法可以简单地归纳为三句话：‎ （1） 从句不缺成分用that （2） 从句缺少主语，宾语和表语， 指物用what, which, whatever， 指人用who/whom/whoever/whomever/whose.‎ （3） 其他情况， 句子中缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether, where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose)。‎ ‎ 下面我们逐一分析这三句话的含意。‎ 第一句话：从句不缺成分用that， 例如：‎ ‎1） My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表语从句：我的希望是她能很快康复。）‎ ‎2） Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句：大家都希望她能很快康复。）‎ ‎2） ‎ 从上面三个句子可以看出：‎ 1） 名词性从句中的that只是起连接作用， 不.充当任何成分， 一定要与定语从句中的关系代词that相区别。‎ 2） 引导主语从句， 表语从句和同位语从句的情况，that是可以省略的， 引导是宾语从句。‎ 第二句话：从句缺少主语宾语和表语， 物用what， 人用who/whom/whoever/whomever。这是名词性从句考试的重点， 特别是what， 这里的关键是否能辨认出句子的成分。 例如：‎ ‎______he needs is more time.（他需要的是更多的时间）‎ 显然， 主语从句中: he是主语， 而谓语动词needs缺宾语， 因此填what。‎ Tell us ______you saw and heard during your visit to that university.‎ 同样， 宾语从句中谓语动词saw和heard缺宾语， 应填what。‎ This is not ______I want, 同样，表语从句中动词缺宾语，应填what ‎______some people are against is ______other people are for.‎ 这是一个主语从句+表语从句的结构， 介词against和for后面都没有宾语， 无疑都应填what： 一些人反对的就是其它人赞成的。‎ 第三句话： 其他情况， 中文缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether，where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose), 例如：‎ I wonder whether he will come in such bad weather.‎ 天气这么糟糕， 不知他是否会来。‎ I have no idea how he learned about it.‎ 我不知道他是怎么得知的。‎ 名词性从句引导词列表：‎ 从属连词that, whether, if 主语从句 句首不能省略that 引导主语从句只用whether 宾语从句 I think (that) he’ll be all right in a few days.‎ I went in and asked if (whether) they had a cheap suit.‎ （1） that可以省略 （2） if与whether可互换 （3） 作介词宾语一般用whether 表语从句 The fact is that I have never been there.‎ The question is whether it is worth doing.‎ （1） that一般不省略 （2） 用whether而不用if 同位语从句 The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.‎ （1） that不能省略 （2） 用whether而不用if 连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what 主语从句 Who will take his place is unknown.‎ What he said is very important.‎ Which side will win is not clear.‎ （1） 用陈述句语气 （2） what相当于先行词+定语从句 宾语从句 I really don’t know what he is doing.‎ Pay attention to what the teacher said.‎ 表语从句 That is what he is worried about.‎ The question is who will come here.‎ The question is which team will win the match.‎ 同位语从句 I had no idea who had stolen the money.‎ I have no idea which team will win.‎ 连接副词where, when, why, how 主语从句 Where she has gone s not known yet.‎ When they will start is not know yet.‎ 必须用陈述句语序。‎ （1） 同位语从句的连接词不能省略。‎ 宾语从句 I don’t know where we are going to have the meeting.‎ Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.‎ 表语从句 That is where he was born.‎ This is why he is late.‎ 同位语从句 I have no idea when he will come.‎ You have no idea how worried I was.‎ ‎[高考示例]‎ ‎【例一】2005 全国 The poor young man is ready to accept ______help he can get.‎ ‎ A. whichever B. however ‎ C. whatever D. whenever 提示： 此题考查名词性从句。 Whatever help“无论什么样的帮助”，其他的不能和help连用。‎ 答案：c ‎【例二】2004 全国I You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______I disagree.‎ ‎ A. why B. where C. what D. how 提示： 该题考查where引导的表语从句, where在从句中作地点状语。 A，C，D三项虽能引导名词性从句， 但是这几个连接词在句中所做的成分与句意不符。 ‎ 答案：B ‎【例三】2004 全国 ‎--I think it’s going to be a big problem.‎ ‎--Yes, it could be.‎ ‎--I wonder ______we can do about it.‎ ‎ A. if B. how C. what D. that 提示：what引导宾语从句并在宾语从句中作及物动词do的宾语。‎ 答案：C ‎【例四】2004 全国 I like ______in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.‎ ‎ A. this B. that C. it D. one 提示：it作形式宾语， 代替when引导的宾语从句， A，B，D三项都不能作形式宾语。 ‎ 答案：C ‎【例五】‎ Parents are taught to understand ______important education is to their children’t future.‎ ‎ A. that B. how C. such D. so 提示： 此题考查宾语从句。 题干中的 “______important education is to their children’s future”应理解为education是主语， important是表语， to their children’t future是状语， 故空格处应为how修饰important。 其实宾语从句是一个感叹句。‎ 答案：B ‎[触类旁通]‎ 1. Your skirt is really splendid, but ______we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.‎ A. that B. what C. whether D. how.‎ ‎2. ______made me more surprised was ______the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.‎ ‎ A. What ;that B. That; that ‎ C. What; whether D. It; that ‎3. What do you think of this suggestion that we ______lunch at the new restaurant?‎ ‎ A. will have B. are going to have ‎ C. would have C. have ‎4. I don’t know the reason ______you were absent from the meeting, but I’m sure that someone will tell me the reason ______you haven’t told me.‎ ‎ A. why; that B. that; why ‎ C. because; which D. of which; that ‎5. ______made his mother surprised was ______Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.‎ ‎ A. What; that B. What; because ‎ C. That; what D. That; because ‎6. According to Bill Gates, the idea ______we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear ______it will be on sale and ______it will cost.‎ ‎ A. which; that; what B. /; whether; how much ‎ C. that; when; what D. that; that; how much ‎7. The doctors are trying their best to reduce the people’s fear ______they would be infected by the present disease called SARS.‎ ‎ A. whether B. which C. when D. that ‎8. Word has come ______in some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down.‎ ‎ A. that B. while C. when D. as ‎9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her success she sometimes wonders ______will happen to her private life.‎ ‎ A. it B. what C. which D. that.‎ ‎10. I think Mother would like to know ______I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send her a quick not.‎ ‎ A. which B. why C. what D. how 答案: 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.C ‎