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中考英语复习教学案语法专项名词
第一部分 语法专项 一、 名词 【考纲分析】 1. 中考考纲 : (1) 可数名词及其单复数; (2) 不可数名词; (3) 专有名词 (4) 名词所有格 2. 近5年中考名词的考点及分值分布 年份 题型 分值 考查内容 2012年 单项选择 1 可数名词: sheep 完形填空 2 可数名词:restaurant, 不可数名词:trouble 短文填空 1 不可数名词:homework 2013年 单项选择 1 不可数名词:chicken (鸡肉) 完形填空 2 可数名词:coach, 不可数名词:biscuit 短文填空 4.5 专有名词:June , 可数名词/ 不可数名词: river / water , once 2014年 单项选择 1 可数所有格:Women’s 完形填空 2 可数名词:bird, face 短文填空 1.5 可数名词: restaurant 2015年 单项选择 1 可数名词 / 不可数名词 ; symbol , culture 完形填空 2 不可数名词: advice , happiness 短文填空 1.5 不可数名词: interest (名胜) 2016年 单项选择 1 不可数名词: glass (玻璃) 完形填空 2 不可数名词: success, money 短文填空 1.5 可数名词: feet 【自主学习】 一、把下列名词分类,并说明基本用法 bag, news, weather, music, apple, job, work, student, rice, bread, juice, game, house, English, meal, money, monkey, salt, grass, advice, week, beef, information, idea, sheep 不可数名词有: 不可数名词的基本用法:没有__________ 形式, 不可以与____________ 连用。 可数名词有: 可数名词的基本用法:有__________ 形式,可以与____________ 连用。 二、写出下列名词的复数形式: 1.clock __ map 2. brush watch 3. piano tomato __ 4.factory monkey 5.knife leaf 6.man German 7. Chinese sheep 8. child foot __ 三、把下列短语译成英语 1. 三杯牛奶 2. 一块面包 3. 许多建议 4. 许多德国人 5. 六个男学生 6. 五个女老师 7. LiLei的帽子 8. 学生们的桌子 9. 妇女节 10. 教师节 11.儿童节 12. Lucy 和Lily共有的单车 13 Lucy 和Tom各自的单车 14. 8天的假期 / ____________ 答案: 一、略 二、1.clocks , maps 2. brushes, watches 3. pianos, tomatoes 4. factories, monkeys 5. knives, leaves 6. men , Germans 7. Chinese, sheep 8. children, feet 三、1. three cups of milk 2. a piece of bread 3. much/ a lot of / lots of advice 4. many Germans 5. six boy students 6. five women teachers 7. Lilei’s hat 8. students’ desks 9. Women’s Day. 10. Teachers’ Day. 11. Children’s Day 12. Lucy and Lily’s bike 13. Lucy’s and Tom’s bikes 14. eight days’ holiday / an eight-day holiday 【教师点拨】 名词的种类 专有名词 普通名词 国名、地名、人名、 团体、机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词、集体名词 抽象名词、物质名词 考点1:可数名词 一、基本用法 (1)可数名词后可以加s或es构成复数形式,用于表达超过“一个”的数的概念。 (2)只与可数名词复数连用的单词:few(几乎没有),a few(一些), many/a great many(许多) (3)既能与可数名词连用也能与不可数名词连用的单词:some, any, a lot of/lots of, plenty of。例如: There is some/a lot of milk in the bottle. There are some/a lot of flowers in the garden. 二、 名词单复数规则变化 规 律 例 词 ① 一般在词尾直接加s book—books chair—chairs ② 以s, x,o, sh, ch结尾的单词通常在词尾加es class—classes box—boxes brush—brushes watch—watches ③ 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y改i,再加es 但以元音+y结尾的词,则直接在词尾加s family—families factory—factories key—keys monkey—monkeys ④ 以o结尾的词,有生命的名词加es 但无生命名词则直接加s,如: potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes hero—heroes radio—radios zoo—zoos ⑤ 以f或fe结尾的词,改f或fe为v 加es leaf—leaves thief—thieves 三、 名词复数的不规则变化 规律 例词 ① 变中间的元音字母 man—men, woman—women,foot—feet, tooth—teeth, child—children, mouse—mice ②表示“某国人”的名词单复变化 ( 记忆口决:中日不变英法变,其余s 加后面。) Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese Frenchman—Frenchmen Englishman—Englishmen German—Germans American—Americans Indian—Indians Australian—Australians ③单复数一样的名词 Chinese and Japanese 吃 sheep , deer and fish 如:a Chinese -- two Chinese , a sheep -- many sheep ④ 有的名词只有复数形式 people, police, clothes, trousers , pants , jeans , scissors, shorts ⑤ 有的名词即可表整体,也可表成员 family, class, team, group ⑥ 由两个名词组成的名词词组,通常只变后面一个名词为复数; 注意:但如果前面名词是man或woman时,则两个名词都要变成复数 an apple tree—two apple trees a girl student—many girl students a man teacher—some men teachers a woman doctor—ten women teachers 【课堂检测】 ( ) 1. When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a . A. notice B. message C. sentence D .information ( )2 .If you work harder, you'll have another to play the violin at a concert. A. sleep B. chance C. mistake D. problem ( )3.—Lily, could you please pass me the ? I want to cut the apple. —Sure, here you are. A. pen B. pencil C. book D. knife ( )4. . Eating more and is good for our health . A. vegetables, tomatoes B. meat, fish C. vegetable, potatoes D. photos, tomatoes ( )5.—What a good you've given me! Thanks a lot. —My pleasure. A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice 考点2:不可数名词 一、基本用法 (1) 不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠 词the连用。 (2) 要表示一定的数量时,常与a cup of, a bottle of, a piece of 等量词连用,如a cup of tea 一杯茶; two bottles of water两瓶水 注意:区别two boxes of chalk与two boxes of apples。 (3) 只能修饰不可数名词的词有:a little(一点),little(几乎没有),much/a great deal of(许 多) (4) 常考的不可数名词有: food, drink (饮料), orange(橙汁), milk, rice, bread, meat(肉), chicken (鸡肉), pork(猪肉), beef(牛肉),work, homework, news(新闻) advice (建议), information(信息), weather(天气), Chinese(汉语), knowledge(知 识) 等 【课堂检测】 ( )1. —After P.E., I often feel very thirsty. —Why not buy some to drink? A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas ( ) 2. .I want a sweet milk. Put some in my cup, please. A. ice B. soup C. salt D. sugar ( )3 . —Good morning, madam. Can I help you? —Sure, I’d like . A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread C. one bowl of dumplings D. a kilo of oil ( ) 4. —Can I help you ? —Yes. I want to get some ________ about the trip to America. A. news B. information C. help D. advice ( ) 5. Your mother cooks nice __________. I like it very much. A. bread B. beef C. eggs D. dumplings 考点3:名词所有格 在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加’s 表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。翻译成:“的”。如:Tom’s bike (汤姆的单车) 名词的所有格 例词、例句 ① 直接在词尾加's. Kate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day ② 以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加 ' Teachers' Day, students' books ③ 表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's Lucy and Lily's mother (共同的妈妈) ④ 表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's Tom's and Jim's rooms (各自的房间) ⑤ 表某人的家、 at the doctor's(在医务室); at Tom’s (在汤姆的家) 店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略: ⑥ 表示无生命名词的所有格,用of 表达 the door of the room, the color of the clothes ⑦ 双重所有格:用’s所有格/ 与 of 所有格相结合。 A friend of my father's a book of mine 注意: 但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词,也可加's构成所有格: 如: today's newspaper今天的报纸 eight days' holiday = an 8-day holiday八天的假期 five minutes' walk = a five-minute walk 五分钟的步行路程 【课堂检测】 ( )1.—How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha? —It is a flight from Tianjin to Changsha. A. 2-hour-long B.2-hours-long C.2 hours' long D.2 hour long ( )2.—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours? —No, it's my . He left it there just now. A. brother B. brother's C. brothers' D. brothers ( )3. Mr. Black is a teacher of . She and her classmates like him very much. A. my sister B. my sister's C. my sisters D. my sisters' ( )4. — we’ll have__________ holiday. What about going to Shaoshan? —Good idea! A. 3 days’ B. 3 day’s C. a 3-days D. 3-day ( )5. 1.A friend of my ____ and I are going to visit_______ next week. A. father; Browns B. father's; the Browns C. father; the Browns D. father's; Browns 【易混词辨析】 (1) sound,voice,noise ① sound “声音”,指耳朵能听到的各种声音。I heard the sound of the bell. ② voice “声音”,主要指人的声音。She has a beautiful voice. ③ noise 指“噪音”。词组有:make a noise等。 练习:1.The made me feel annoyed. I want to be in a quiet place. 2.The teacher said in a loud ,“Please keep silent.” 3.At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the of the running water. (2) job, work ① job “工作”,是可数名词。 ②work “工作”,可以作名词或动词;作名词表示“工作”时是不可数的;作名词表示“著作”时是可数的。 练习:1.He has lost three , because he doesn't hard. 2.Do you want to late? We will have a for you as a waiter. (3) a number of, the number of ① a number of 表示“大量的;许多”,谓语动词用复数。 如:A number of persons are playing chess. ② the number of 表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数。 如:The number of people in the room is 50. 练习:1. of foreign students are studying in this college. 2. of American students is over 30. (4) idea, advice ① idea 表示“主意”,是可数名词。 如:a good idea 一个好主意 ② advice表示“建议;忠告”,是不可数名词。如:a piece of advice 练习:1. Can you give me some on how to learn English well? 2. He has got a good to deal with his old books. (5) news, information, message, instruction ① news 表示“新闻;消息”,是不可数名词。如:two pieces of news ② information 表示“信息;资料”, 侧重信息的价值,是不可数名词。如: some information ③ message 表示“消息;音信”,侧重信息的简短,是可数名词。 常用词组:leave a message(留言); give a message to…(捎口信给……) ④ instruction 表示“说明;须知;教导”, 是可数名词。如:some instructions 练习:1.What bad ! The school trip will be put off because of the sports meeting. 2.—I don't know how to use this machine. —It doesn't matter. Here is the . 3.Would you please give a to Li Lei? He is not at school. 4.Can you provide me with some about the trip? (6) house, family, home ① house 表示“住宅”,指的是具体的房子或建筑物。 ② family 表示“家;家庭”,也可指全体家庭成员。 ③ home 意为“家”,带有眷恋等感情色彩。 练习:1.I bought a new in Zhongshan. 2.Tom has a big . There are six people in his . 3.She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years. Shenzhen has become her second . (7) 部分单词作可数名词和不可数名词时的含义不同: room 房间(可数);空间(不可数)。 glass玻璃杯(可数);玻璃(不可数)。 orange橙子(可数);橙汁(不可数)。 chicken小鸡(可数);鸡肉(不可数)。 time 次数(可数); 时间(不可数)。 练习:1.—Oh! There isn't enough for us in the bus. —No hurry. Let's wait for the next.(room) 2. Mother wants to buy a piano in my , but there is little in it. (room) 3.—How many have you been to Shanghai? —Never. I have no .(time) 4.These are made of .(glass) 5.There are some and two bottles of on the desk.(orange) 练习答案 (1)noise,voice,sound (2)jobs,work,work,job (3) A number,The number (4) advice,idea (5) news,instruction,message,information (6)house,family,family,home (7)room,room,room,times,time,glasses,glass,oranges,orange 【课堂检测】 ( )1. —Listen . Can you hear anything ? —Yes, That’s the ______ of the running water A. sound B. voice C. noise D. shout ( )2. There are _________ foreign students in the university. _______ if it is 200 A. the number of ; a number of B. a number of ; the number of C. a number of ; a number of D. the number of ; the number of ( )3. I found a new_______ in this city. I’m very busy and have a lot of ______ to do every day. A. job, works B. work , job C. work , jobs D. job , work ( )4. — I don’t’ know how to study English. Can you give me some ________? — My ________ are speaking more and listening more. A. ideas; advices B. advices, suggestions C. advice; suggestions D. ideas ; suggestion ( )5. She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years. Shenzhen has become her second . A. home B. family C. house D. room ( )6. I like eating _________, so my mother keeps some _________every day. A. chickens; chicken B. chicken; chickens C. chickens ; chickens D. chicken ; chicken 【中考回放】 ( )1. The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. (2016广东省卷) A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles ( )2. Mickey mouse is one of the most famous _____ in American _____. (2015广东省卷) A. symbol; culture B. symbol ; cultures C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures ( )3. Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day. (2014广东省卷) A. Woman B. Women C. Woman's D. Women's ( )4. —Mum, I've heard that we can't eat these days. Is it true? — Take it easy. It's safe to eat cooked meat. (2013广东省卷) A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken ( )5.The students of Grade Seven visited Mike's farm and saw many there. (2012广东省卷) A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit 【真题演练】 ( )1.—Why do people never cut up the _______________ on their birthdays? —Because they are a symbol of long life. (2016东营) A. eggs B. cakes C. noodles D. dumplings ( )2. Great ______ for football lovers-more than 50,000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025. (2016东营) A. news B. message C. situation D. information ( )3. —Are you sure this is a photo _______, the famous comedy actress? —It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin. (2016东营) A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's ( )4. —What would you like to eat? —Some _________, please. (2016铜仁) A. bread B. cake C. coffee D. tea ( )5. —Are you going out with Jade tonight? —That's my . Mind your own! (2016河南) A. offer B. business C. question D. chance ( )6. — How far is your home from school ? —About ______ walk. (2016龙东) A. five minute’s B. five minutes’ C. five minutes D. five-minute ( )7. All the ______enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday. (2016 龙垦) A. men workers B. women workers C. woman workers D. man workers ( )8. Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the ______. (2016淮安) A. kitchen B. garden C. bathroom D. bedroom ( )9. Some old people need a _______ because they feel lonely. (2016江西) A. gift B. stick C. pet D. watch ( )10. —Yan Jiashuo, a _____ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory. —Wow, she's great, isn't she? (2016连云港) A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten year old D. ten years old ( )11. —It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language. —Yes, it's an important way of _____ for them. (2016连云港) A. suggestion B. vacation C. question D. communication ( )12. He was born in Germany, but he has made China his ______. (2016绵阳) A. family B. address C. house D. home ( )13. Nancy took her temperature and found she had a ______. *X(2016青岛) A. cough B. toothache C. cold D. fever ( )14. A smart phone makes a big _______ to our life. (2016西宁) A. difference B. decision C. progress D. mistake ( )15. Steve Jobs was full of — always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society . (2016苏州) A. instruction B. invitation C. informations D. invention ( )16. Every year many foreign friends come to see the of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River. (2016天津) A. concerts B. plays C. cartoons D. sights ( )17. It’s sports time. Most ________ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. (2016重庆) A. boy B. boys C. boy’s D. boys’ ( )18. —It’s hot today. Have some ________, please. —No, thanks. I’m not thirsty at all. (2016重庆) A. water B. potatoes C. bread D. cakes ( )19. —Tu Youyou reserved the Nobel Prize for her ________of anemisinin(青蒿素). —And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science. (2016咸宁) A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery ( )20. —How far is it from Beijing to Haikou? —It's a______ flight from Beijing to Haikou. (2015黑龙江) A. 3-hour-long B. 3 hours long C. 3 hours' long D. 3-hours-long ( )21. —How can I get some ______ about the 2016 Olympic Games? —Why not search the Internet? (2015安徽) A. information B. experience C. practice D. success ( )22. I live near the station, It’s only about five ________ walk. (2015山东临沂) A. minute’s B. minute C. minutes’ D. minutes ( )23. Every time I see the strawberries, the sweet and beautiful color always make my mouth water. (2015 山西) A. voice B. taste C. shape D. size ( )24. — I always get nervous when I start a(n) _________ with others. —Take it easy. Believe in yourself. (2015浙江衢州) A. expression B. introduction C. communication D. celebration ( )25. —_________is coming. What can I get for my mother? — What about a scarf? (2015湖南郴州) A. Women’s Day B. Woman’s Day C. Womens’ Day D. Womans’ Day ( )26. Here are some . Do you like ? (2015贵州安顺) A. oranges; them B. orange; it C. oranges; they D. oranges; their ( )27. Mr. Li is always patient to give me______ on how to work out the problem. (2015遵义) A. an advice B. many advices C. some advice D. some suggestion ( )28. It’s train ride from here to that city. (2015湖北鄂州) A. 8 hour B. 8 hours C. 8 hours’ D. a 8-hour ( )29. —Whose room is this? Is it the______? —Yes, it is ______. (2015黑龙江龙东) A. twins'; Tom and Tim's B. twin's; Tom's and Tim's C. twins'; Tom and Tim D. twins ; Tom and Tim’s ( )30. Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the _______ English Training. (2015湖北孝感) A. two month B. two-months C. two months D. two- month 答案: 一、名词 【教师点拨】 【考点1】1-5 BBDAC 【考点2】1-5 CDBBB 【考点3】1-5 ABBAB 【易混词辨析】1-5 ABDCA 6.B 【中考回放】 1—5 ACDAC 【真题演练】 1-5 CADAB 6-10 BBACA 11-15 DDDAD 16-20 DAADA 21-25 ACBCA 26-30 ACCAD查看更多