中考英语复习仁爱版八年级英语教材梳理

中考英语复习仁爱版八年级英语教材梳理

仁爱版八年级英语 第一部分 教材梳理篇 Unit 1‎ ‎&考点词汇 against , cheer, team , win , join , club , volleyball ,dream , grow , future , record , gold hour , baseball , heart , relax , leave , ill , mind , practice , throw , myself, care1ess , chance , nothing , invent, score , side follow , become , however , tired , mile , instead , habit , feel , foreign , maybe , shall , pick , hit , winner , finish , encourage , visitor , environment , modem , ring , symbol ‎&目标短语 cheer... on 为……加油 quite a bit/ a lot 许多，大量 play for为……效力 grow up 长大成人 ，成长 in the future 今后 give up 放弃 take part in 参加，加入 both...and... 两个都，既……又……‎ spend... (in) doing sth. 花费(时间)做……‎ pretty well 相当好 all over the world 全世界 be good for 对……有益 keep fit 保持健康 arrive in/ at 到达某地 leave for 动身去某地 fall ill 患病 be glad to 乐意于…‎ right away 立刻，马上 make one's bed 整理床铺 do sb. a favor 帮助某人 shout at sb. 朝某人大叫 be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气 do one's best 尽(某人)最大努力 keep doing sth. 继续做某事 tum down 关小，调低 in a minute 马上，立即 take a seat 坐下，就座 as well 也，还有 more and more 越来越(多的)‎ instead of 代替，而不是 build up 使……更强壮 be ready for 为……准备好 be able to 能够 have fun 玩得高兴 stand for 象征 at least 至少，不少于 ‎&重点句型 ‎1. We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three on Sunday.‎ ‎2. I hope our team will win.‎ ‎3. —Which sport do you prefer , cycling or rowing?‎ ‎—I prefer rowing.‎ ‎4. —Are you going to join the school rowing club?‎ ‎—Yes , I am. / No , I'm not.‎ ‎5. —What are you going to be when you grow up?‎ ‎—I'm going to be a dancer.‎ ‎6. She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym every day.‎ ‎7. They are sure that she will win.‎ ‎8. —Michael , could you please do me a favor?‎ ‎—Sure. What is it?‎ ‎9. —Would you mind if I try it again?‎ ‎—Certainly not. Please do.‎ ‎10. —I'm sorry I'm late for class.‎ ‎—That's OK. Please take a seat.‎ ‎11. That's very kind of you , but I can manage it myself.‎ ‎12. What do you mean by saying that?‎ ‎13. We are sure to win next time.‎ ‎14. I'll take part in the school meet.‎ ‎15. There will be another exciting relay race this afternoon.‎ ‎16. I'll be able to take part in the Olympic Games.‎ ‎&功能意念 ‎1. 请求允许 ‎—May I come in?‎ ‎—Yes , please.‎ ‎—Would you mind teaching me?‎ ‎—Not at all. /Of course not.‎ ‎—Would you mind not putting your bike here?‎ ‎—Sorry. I'll put it somewhere else.‎ ‎—Would/ Do you mind if l open the window?‎ ‎—You'd better not. /I'm sorry, it's not allowed.‎ ‎—Could you please do me a favor?‎ ‎—Sure/Certainly. What's it?‎ ‎—Can/Could l use your telephone?‎ 28‎ ‎—Of course , you can.‎ ‎2. 道歉 Sorry. /I'm sorry. /Excuse me , please. /I beg your pardon.‎ ‎—I'm sorry. I'm late for class.‎ ‎—That's OK. Please take a seat.‎ ‎—I'm sorry for what I said.‎ ‎—It's nothing.‎ ‎—I'm sorry to trouble you.‎ ‎—Never mind.‎ ‎—I'm sorry for losing your book.‎ ‎—Oh, it doesn't matter.‎ ‎3. 约会 ‎—When shall we meet?‎ ‎—Let's make it half past six.‎ ‎—Where shall we meet?‎ ‎—At the school gate.‎ ‎—Will you be free this Sunday?‎ ‎— Yeah, I think I will.‎ ‎—Let's make it 4: 30.‎ ‎—All right. See you then.‎ ‎—Do you have time this afternoon?‎ ‎—I'm afraid I have no time then. /Sorry , I won't be free then. But I'll be free tomorrow.‎ ‎—Could we meet at 4:30?‎ ‎— Yes , I'll be free then.‎ ‎—How about tomorrow morning?‎ ‎—All right. See you then.‎ ‎&语法精粹 ‎1.掌握一般将来时be going to/will +动词原形的用法。‎ ‎2. 学会使用Would /Do you mind...? 的用法。‎ ‎&考点剖析 ‎1. I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays. 在暑假我看你几乎每天打篮球。‎ see是感官动词，后可接不带to 的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语。即:‎ see sb. do sth. 或see sb. doing sth. ，但两者是有区别的:不定式表示整个动作过程，而现在分词表示正在进行的动作(不管是不是全过程)。如:‎ I saw him cross the road. 我看见他穿过了马路。‎ ‎(指我看到他离开这边人行道到另一边的人行道，穿过马路的整个过程。)‎ I saw him crossing the road. 我看见他正在穿越马路。‎ ‎(强调看到的动作正在进行。)‎ ‎【链接】感官动词还有: feel , hear, listen to , look at , find , notice , watch 等。如:‎ We often hear him sing in his garden. 我们经常听到他在花园里唱歌。‎ Can you feel the train slowing down? 你能感觉到火车在慢下来吗?‎ ‎2. —"Which sport do you prefer , cycling or rowing? 骑车和划船，你更喜欢哪种运动?‎ ‎—I prefer rowing. 我更喜欢划船。‎ prefer是指两者中偏爱或更喜欢一者。其用法为prefer +动名词/名词/动词不定式。如:‎ ‎—Which do you prefer, an apple or an orange? 苹果和橘子，你更喜欢哪种?‎ ‎—I prefer an orange. 我更喜欢橘子。‎ ‎【链接】(1) prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事。如:‎ A lot of people prefer to live in the countryside. 有更多人更喜欢住在乡下。‎ ‎(2) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做某事"更喜欢做某事。如:‎ I prefer reading to writing. 比起写字，我更喜欢读书。‎ ‎3. Are you going to join the school rowing club? 你要加入学校划船俱乐部吗?‎ 当join作及物动词时，意为"连接，接合，加入"。‎ 作"加入"解时，指的是成为某个团体、组织的一员; join sb. 表示加人某人的行列，和某人一起。如:‎ When did he join the army? 他什么时候入伍的?‎ Will you join us? 你愿意加入我们吗?‎ ‎【链接】(1)当join作不及物动词时，意为"参加(某项活动) " ，通常结构为"join in +活动名称"。如:‎ Would you like to join in the match? 你要参加比赛吗?‎ ‎( 2 ) take part in 指参与某项活动，相当于Join in+活动名称。如:‎ I took part /joined in her birthday party last night. 昨晚我参加了她的生日晚会。‎ ‎4. They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 他们将于后天动身前往日本。‎ are leaving 28‎ ‎ for并不表示动作现在正在进行，而是表示动作将要发生。某些动词的现在进行时可用来表示一个最近按计划或已安排好要进行的动作。如:come , go , do , arrive , start , leave , return , have , stay , spend , sail , meet , fly 等。如:‎ Are you staying here till tomorrow? 你要在这儿一直待到明天吗?‎ ‎5. Would you mind teaching me? 请你教我，好吗?‎ Would you mind(sb.) doing sth. ?是一个常用固定句型，表示"请你做某事好吗?倘若(某人)做某事你介意吗?"如:‎ Would you mind giving me a hand? 介意帮我个忙吗?‎ ‎【链接】(1)否定句为Would you mind not doing sth. ?请不要做某事好吗?如:‎ Would you mind not smoking here? 请不要在这吸烟好吗?‎ ‎(2) Would you mind if... 此句型用于请求允许或客气地请人做某事。如:‎ Would you mind if I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?‎ ‎(3) Would you mind sb. doing sth. ?如:‎ Would you mind me sitting here? 也可以说成Would you mind my sitting here?‎ 肯定回答: Of course not. /Certainly not. /Never mind. /No , not at all.‎ 否定回答: Yes , you'd better not. /Sorry I'm afraid not.‎ ‎6. I didn’t want to miss the goal , either. 我也不想丢掉那个球。‎ either" 也，用于否定句后或否定词组后。如:‎ Peter can't go and I can't , either. 彼得不能去，我也不能。‎ ‎＂I don't like it. '' '' Me either. " "我不喜欢它。" "我也不喜欢。"‎ 此外，either还可指"两者中的任一个"。如:‎ You can park on either side of the street.你可以将车停在这条街的任何一边。‎ You can keep either of the two photos. 你可以保留两张照片中的任何一张。‎ ‎7. We're sure to win next time. 下次我们一定会赢。‎ be sure to do sth. 肯定要做某事(表将来)。如:‎ It's sure to rain. 肯定要下雨。‎ ‎【链接】be sure+(that)从句"确信……"如:‎ I'm sure (that) he is right. 我确信他是对的。‎ ‎8. Healthy eating habits and running help to build me up. 健康的饮食习惯和跑步帮助我强健身体。‎ build up 使……健康，增强...，...体质。‎ build up 是一个动词+副词的短语。这类短语的宾语是代词时，代词必须放在动词和副词中间;如果宾语是名词，则可放中间，也可放在副词后面。此类短语有 give up , put up , cheer up , look up , turn up , ring up , take off, wake up , pick up , put off, turn off, see off, put on , cheer on , turn on , try on , put away , throw away , work out , carry out, check over, think over, turn down 等。‎ ‎9. I have great fun running. 我从跑步中得到很大乐趣。‎ have fun doing sth. 从做某事中获得乐趣。如:‎ This term we will have great fun learning English.‎ 这个学期我们将从学习英语中获得很大乐趣。‎ 类似的结构还有:‎ have difficulty (in) doing sth.‎ have problem (s) (in) doing sth.‎ have trouble (in) doing sth.‎ ‎&细比细看 ‎1. play with /play against /play for ‎(1) Our team will _______ Class Three next Saturday.‎ ‎(2) A group of kids were _______ a ball in the street.‎ ‎(3) Does Yi Jianlian _______ the Dallas Mavericks in the NBA?‎ ‎【分析比较】 play with 玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与……玩耍。(2) 题意为"孩子们在玩球", 故填playing with。‎ play against 同……比赛。(1)题意为"两个队比赛＂，故填play against。‎ play for 为……效力。(3) 题意为"易建联在NBA为达拉斯小牛队打球吗?",故填play for 。‎ ‎2. arrive in /arrive at/ reach/ get to ‎(1) What time did he arrive _______ the village?‎ ‎(2) At last we _______ the base camp (大本营) .‎ ‎(3) You can easily get _______ the city center from here.‎ ‎(4) They will arrive _______ Tokyo in two days.‎ ‎【分析比较】arrive是不及物动词，后常接介词at或in。arrive at +小地点，到达某个具体的地点，如城镇、车站、乡村、建筑物等。(1)题意为"他什么时候到达那个小村庄的?", 故填at.‎ 28‎ arrive in +大地点，到达某国家或大城市。(4)题意为"他们两天后到达东京。", 故填in。‎ reach 到达，抵达，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，无须介词。(2) 题意为"我们终于到达了大本营。", 故填reached.‎ get 是不及物动词，其后接介词to. (3) 题意为"从这里你可以不费力地到达市中心。",故填to.‎ ‎3. maybe/ may be ‎(1) _______he is at home now.‎ ‎(2) He _______ wrong , but we're not sure.‎ ‎【分析比较】maybe 和may be 都是"也许，大概"的意思， .maybe 是副词，常位于句首作状语，句子中还有谓语动词。(1)题意为"也许他在家。", 故填Maybe 。‎ may be 是"情态动词+ be 动词"结构，句中没有其他谓语。(2) 题意为"他可能错了，但我们不能确定。"may be 在句中作谓语，故填may be 。‎ ‎4. leave/ leave for/ leave... for ‎(1) He _______ his hometown last week.‎ ‎(2) I am _______ New York next week to see my good friends there.‎ ‎(3) We will _______ Beijing _______ Shanghai.‎ ‎【分析比较】leave 常用作动词，表示go away(from) "离开" , leave a place 是指"离开某地"0 (1)‎ 题意为"他上周离开了家乡。", 故填leave 的过去式left 。‎ leave for +地点名词，表示"动身去前往.". (2) 中由不定式所表达的意思可知下周我要去纽约，故填leaving for.‎ leave A for B ，意为"离开A地去B地". (3)题意为"我们准备离开北京去上海。", 故填leave... for 。‎ ‎5. tum on/ turn off/ tum up/ turn down/ close/ open ‎(1) —Paul , could you please _________ the TV a little? It's too noisy.‎ ‎—Sorry , I'll do it right now.‎ ‎(2) _________ the lights when you leave.‎ ‎(3) _________ the TV. Let's watch the play together.‎ ‎(4) _________ your mouth , and say "Ah".‎ ‎(5)The music was _________ loud and they danced crazily.‎ ‎(6) I _________ my eyes against the bright light.‎ ‎【分析比较】turn on 与turn off 为反义词组，turn on 打开，接通(电流、煤气、水等) ;turn off 关掉，截断(电流、煤气、水等). turn up 与turn down 为反义词组， turn up开大，调高(音量、热量等) ;turn down把……调低，关小。close 闭上，关，关闭(门窗、盒子等) ;open 开，打开，开启(门、窗、盒子等)。‎ ‎(1)题由It's too noisy. 和a little 可知应填turn down; (2) 题由"离开时要关灯"可知应填Turn off; (3) 题由"让咱们一起看电视剧吧"可知应填Turn on; (4) 题为"张开嘴巴"应用Open; (5) 题由" loud" 以及"他们疯狂地跳起舞来"可知音乐被开大了, 故填turned up; ( 6 )题由"以防强光的照射"可知应是闭上眼睛，故填close 。‎ ‎6. shout at/ shout to ‎(1) The children __________ the driver , but he did not hear them.‎ ‎(2) If you don't stop __________ me, I'11 come and hit you.‎ ‎【分析比较】at 和to 与同一动词搭配时，意义有很大的区别。shout to sb. 表示"大声叫某人"多因距离远，声音小听不见。(1)题意为"孩子们对着司机喊叫着，但是他没听见。"，故填shouted to。 shout at sb. 则表示"生气地或故意地对某人大喊大叫。"(2)题意为"你要是不停止冲着我叫嚷，我就过去揍你。", 故填shouting at.‎ Unit 2‎ ‎&考点词汇 toothache , dentist , cough , fever , flu , headache , lift , pale , terrible , care , serious , sick , cause . health , medicine , meal , litter, energy , necessary , disease , empty , stomach , illness , tidy , sweep , choose , tomato , hurry , question , spread , among , examine , patient , herself , themselves , answer , duty , save ‎&目标短语 have a cold 患感冒 take a rest 休息 plenty of 大量，充足，丰富 day and night 日日夜夜 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事，感觉要做某事 lie down 躺下 take care of/ look after 照顾 check over 给……做健康检查;核对，检查 worry about 担心，烦恼 get into 进入，到达 28‎ in public 当众;公开 all kinds of 各种各样的 hurry up 赶快，快点 go ahead (尤指经某人允许)干下去;走剧锢，领先 all the time 一直 keep away (from) 远离……‎ just a moment 稍等一会儿，请稍等 ring...up 给……打电话 on the other hand 另一方面 break out( 战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 hand in 上交;交纳 get through 拨通(电话) ;通过 care for 关心;照顾 since then 从那时起 by mistake 错误地 ask for leave 请假 ‎&重点句型 ‎1. I have a headache.‎ ‎2. You should see a dentist.‎ ‎3. You'd better go to see a doctor.‎ ‎4. You'd better not work too long.‎ ‎5. Follow the doctor's advice , and you'll get well soon.‎ ‎6. So I'd like to ask for a week's leave.‎ ‎7. How long have you been like this?‎ ‎8. Staying up late is bad for your health.‎ ‎9. 1 must ask him to give up smoking.‎ ‎10. You must not read in the sun.‎ ‎11. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat.‎ ‎12. It's necessary for us to have healthy eating habits.‎ ‎13. We should eat healthy food and do more exercise to build up our bodies.‎ ‎14. Please tell my father not. to forget the talk tomorrow afternoon.‎ ‎15. —Must we keep the windows open all the time?‎ ‎—No, we don't have to. /No , we needn't.‎ ‎16. He thinks smoking can help him relax.‎ ‎17. You should say no to smoking and drinking.‎ ‎&功能意念 ‎1. 劝告 You should see a dentist.‎ You should listen to and read English every day.‎ Please stand in line. Don't rush/hurry/push.‎ Michael shouldn't move his leg too much.‎ You'd better go to see a doctor.‎ You'd better not go to school today.‎ If you have headaches often , you need to see a doctor.‎ ‎2. 打电话 Hello! Who's speaking/this?‎ Hello! May I speak to Tom?‎ Hello! I'd like to speak to Mr. Green.‎ Is that Liu Ying speaking?‎ This is Kangkang speaking.‎ Hello! Extension six two two six , please.‎ Just a moment , please.‎ Hello! Could/May I speak to Dr. Li Yuping?‎ Sorry , she isn't here right now.‎ OK, I'll ring him up later.‎ I'll call her back again.‎ Can I leave/take a message?‎ Sure , go abead.‎ Hold the line , please.‎ Sorry. I can't hear you.‎ The line is badlbusy.‎ I can't get through.‎ Sorry , I'm afraid you have the wrong number.‎ ‎3. 就医 What's the matter with you? /What's wrong (with you) ?‎ I have a headache/ cough/fever.‎ What seems to be the trouble?‎ I feel terrible.‎ Do you have a fever?‎ How long have you felt like this?‎ It's nothing serious. /You'll be all right/well soon.‎ Something is wrong with your health.‎ Take this medicine/ the pills twice a day.‎ I've got a pain here.‎ It hurts here.‎ I can't sleep well.‎ ‎&语法精粹 ‎1.情态动词should , shouldn't , hadbetter , had , better not , must , mustn’t , need和have to.‎ ‎2. 动名词作主语。‎ ‎3. 反身代词的用法。‎ 28‎ ‎&考点剖析 ‎1. You should see a dentist. 你应该去看牙医。‎ 这是一种表达劝告的句子。shou1d 作情态动词，意为"应该"有委婉劝告的含义，后面接动词原形。如:‎ You should go to bed early. 你应当早点睡觉。‎ should 的否定形式为shou1dn'to 如:‎ You shouldn't drink coffee in the evening. 你不应当在晚上喝咖啡。‎ ‎【链接】劝告还可以用以下句式来表达:‎ ‎(1)had better do sth. 最好做某事。如:‎ You'd better call him at once. 你最好马上给他打电话。‎ 其否定形式是had better not do. 如:‎ You had better not eat hot food. 你最好不要吃辛辣食物。‎ ‎(2) need to do sth. 需要做某事。如:‎ You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary. 你需要买一本汉英词典。‎ ‎(3) 祈使句表示劝告。如:‎ Please stand in line. 请排队。‎ Don't stay up late. 晚上不要熬夜。‎ ‎2. Your X-rays show it's nothing serious. 你的X光片显示(你的腿)没什么严重的。‎ nothing serious" 没什么严重的"。形容词修饰不 定代词要后置。如:‎ I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。‎ Do you have something else to say? 你还有什么别的要说的吗?‎ ‎3. So I'd like to ask for two weeks' leave. 所以我想请两周假。‎ ‎(1)ask (sb.) for sth."请求，恳求(给予) ;征求"。如:‎ Why don't you ask him for some advice? 你为什么不征求他的意见?‎ Jack is asking for a job. 杰克正在求职。‎ ‎(2) leave 在这里是名词，是"假期，休假"的意思。‎ ‎【链接】leave 作动词时，有"离开"忘了带，丢下";"交托，委托"等官义。如:‎ The plane leaves for Tokyo a:t 13: 00. 飞机13:00飞往东京。‎ I've left my bag on the bus. 我把包丢在公共汽车上了。‎ You can leave the cooking to me. 你可以把做饭事交给我负责。‎ ‎4. Standing up late is bad for your health. 熬夜太晚对你的健康有害。‎ ‎(1)在这里staying up 是动名词短语作主语。有时候动名词也可作主语。如:‎ Dancing is fun. 跳舞是一种乐趣。‎ Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。‎ ‎(2) be good /bad for 对……有益/害。如:‎ Walking is good for our health.散步对我们的健康有益。‎ ‎5. I must ask him to give up smoking.我一定得让他戒烟。‎ give up (doing) sth. 意为"放弃做某事"。如:‎ Jim is not good at Chinese and he wants to give it up. 吉姆语文学不好，他想放弃了。‎ ‎6. You might get a headache when you work too hard or when you don't get enough sleep. 当你工作太累或睡眠不足时，你可能会头痛。‎ enough 作形容词时，修饰名词，置于名词的前后均可。如:‎ Do you have enough money? 你有足够的钱吗?‎ ‎【链接】(1) enough 作副词时，修饰形容词或副词，应置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。如:‎ She is not old enough to go to school. = She is too young to go to school.她太小了，还不能上学。‎ I didn't get up ear1y enough this morning. 今天早晨我起得不够早。‎ ‎(2)enough 作代词，意为"足够的东西"。如:‎ I have enough to do. 我要做的事够多了。‎ ‎7. It's my duty to save patients. 挽救病人的生命是我的职责。‎ It's one's duty to do... 做……是某人的职责。‎ it 作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语。如:‎ It's my duty to study well. 好好学习是我的责任。‎ ‎【链接】‎ ‎1. It's necessary for us to drink enough water every day. 我们每天喝足够的水是必要的。‎ ‎2. It's kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。‎ 第一句中的necessary 描述的是to drink enough water 这一事物， us 前使用for 。‎ 第二句中的形容词kind 是描述人( you) 的性格特征的，不定式的逻辑主语( you) 用of 引出。‎ 又如: It's important for us to learn English well. ‎ 28‎ It's nice of you to say so.‎ ‎&细比细看 ‎1. too much/much too/too many ‎(1) There are ________ mistakes in the passage.‎ ‎(2) Eating ________ candy is bad for your teeth.‎ ‎(3) The problem. is ________ easy for them.‎ ‎【分析比较】too many "太多"用于修饰名词复数。(1)题意为"这篇文章里有太多错误"。‎ mistakes 是名词复数，故填too many。‎ too much 修饰不可数名词。candy 在此作不可数名词。故(2) 填too much。‎ much too "太……"常用于修饰副词或形容词。(3) 题意为"这个问题对于他们来说太简单了" ;easy是形容词，故填much too。‎ ‎2. sick/ill ‎(1) The _______ child needs help.‎ ‎(2) His grandma is still ________ in bed.‎ ‎【分析比较】sick "生病的，有病的"。主要用于美式英语，可以用作定语，也可以用作表语。故(1)和(2) 两题都可以填sick 。‎ ill 与sick 同义， ill 主要用于英式英语，且通常不作定语，只用作表语。故(1)不能填ill ，只有(2) 可填ill 。‎ ‎3. must/have to/mustn't/ don't have to ‎(1) We ________ work hard.‎ ‎(2) It rained yesterday and we________ stay at home.‎ ‎(3) Look at the sign. You ________ smoke in the sleeping car.‎ ‎(4) You________ clean the room right now. You can do it tomorrow.‎ ‎【分析比较】must 表示"必须"时，着重于说话人主观上认为有必要，有义务。(1)题意为"我们必须努力学习"这里是"我们"主观上认为要努力学习，故填must .‎ have to +动词原形，表示"不得不，必须"着重于客观的需要。(2) 题意为"昨天下雨了，我们不得不待在家。"故填had to.‎ mustn't 指"告诫某人一定不要做某事"。(3) 题意为"看看这个标志。你一定不要在卧铺车厢里吸烟。"，故填mustn't don’t have to 指"不必;没有必要".(4) 题意为"你不必马上打扫房间，可以明天打扫。"故填don't have to.‎ ‎4. a lot of/plenty of/a number of ‎(1) There are _______ people in the park on Sundays.‎ ‎(2) You should drink _______ water, and have a good rest.‎ ‎【分析比较】a lot of = l0ts of 表示"大量的，许多"。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。plenty of 与a lot of 同义，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。a number of 表示"许多，大量的"修饰可数名词。故(1)三者都可以用。而(2) 填a lot of 和plenty of 都可以。‎ ‎5. among/between ‎(1) There is a village ________ the two rivers.‎ ‎(2) The teacher is sitting ________ the children.‎ ‎【分析比较】among 指三者或三者以上之间。(2)题意为"老师坐在孩子们中间。"孩子们是指三者以上，故填among .‎ between一般指两者之间。(1)题意为"两条河之间有个村庄。"故填between。‎ ‎6. question/problem ‎(1) Can you answer my _______ ?‎ ‎(2) Nobody can work out the math _______ .‎ ‎【分析比较】question 指"问题", 意思较广，一般指需要回答或解答的问题，通常与answer 搭配。故(1)填question 。‎ problem 也指"问题"常指存在的需要解决的难题或数学、物理中需要解的难题。通常与solve , workout 搭配。故(2) 填problem.‎ Unit 3‎ ‎&考点词汇 spare , hobby, collect , paint, share, e-mail , pop , vacation , nobody , friendship , knowledge , daily , whether , ugly , lazy , stupid , concert , lend , tape , violin , drum , price , pay , everyday , simple , continue , birth , weight , height , everybody , shower , radio , agree , pleasant , handsome , useful , sad , laugh , factory; dish ‎&目标短语 in one's spare/free time 在某人的空闲时间 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be fond of 喜欢……‎ used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 enjoy doing... 喜欢做…‎ and so on 等等 28‎ keep pets 饲养宠物 dance to music 随着音乐跳舞 take a bath 洗澡 such as 例如 give a concert 举办音乐会 lend sb. sth. /lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 be famous for 因……而出名 at last 最后，终于 set up 建立，创立 agree with sb. 同意某人的看法，与某人看法一致 make a face 做鬼脸 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 too... to... 太……而不能…‎ stop doing sth. 停止做某事 ‎&重点句型 ‎1. —Why not go out and do some outdoor activities?‎ ‎—Sounds good.‎ ‎2. I'm interested in I am fond of acting.‎ ‎3. Pleased to see/meet you.‎ ‎4. Collecting stamps must be great fun!‎ ‎5. Some of them are of great value.‎ ‎6. —What are your hobbies?‎ ‎—I used to enjoy listening to rock music , but now I love collecting paintings and telephone cards.‎ ‎7. They are very popular with young people.‎ ‎8. —What are you going to do this Sunday evening?‎ ‎—I'm going to a concert.‎ ‎9. It's hard to say.‎ ‎10. —I enjoy the music. It is very sweet and pleasant!‎ ‎—I agree with you. /I don't agree.‎ ‎11. —What were you doing at this time yesterday? I called you to go to the English corner but nobody answered.‎ ‎—This time yesterday? Oh , I was taking a shower.‎ ‎12. They felt too tired to work on Monday mornings.‎ ‎&功能意念 ‎1.喜欢和不喜欢 I love/like collecting paintings and telephone cards.‎ I enjoy listening to music.‎ I'm interested in playing basketball.‎ I like/love to recite poems.‎ I am fond of acting.‎ This song is bad/ awful.‎ I hate/ don't like/ don't enjoy it.‎ I don't like classical music very much/ at all.‎ I hate to do homework.‎ ‎2. 偏爱和爱好 I prefer reading.‎ Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?‎ English is my favorite subject.‎ I like pop music better/best.‎ I often go fishing. It's my favorite hobby.‎ I would rather watch TV plays than sports shows.‎ ‎3. 同意和不同意 I agree with you.‎ I don't agree. .‎ Yeah , I think so.‎ No , I don't think so.‎ Sure.‎ Certainly.‎ Of course.‎ All right.‎ No problem.‎ That's a good idea.‎ I'm afraid not.‎ Of course not.‎ No way.‎ ‎&语法精粹 ‎1. used to do 结构。‎ ‎2. 过去进行时。‎ ‎3. 感叹句的结构。‎ ‎&考点剖析 ‎1. Collecting stamps must be great fun ! 收集邮票一定非常有趣!‎ must 表示较有把握的推测，有"一定';必定"的意思。如:‎ The book must be Jim’s. Here is his name. 这本书一定是吉姆的。这儿有他的名字。‎ ‎【链接】(1) can't 表示较有把握的否定推测，意为"一定不;不可能"。如:‎ The woman in the classroom can't be Miss Green.‎ She has gone to Shanghai. 教室里的那位女士一定不是格林小姐。格林小姐已经去了上海。‎ ‎(2)may 可以表示把握性不大的推测，有"也许;可能"的意思。如:‎ He may come by bike tomorrow. But I'm not 28‎ ‎ sure.‎ 他明天也许骑自行车来。不过我不确定。‎ ‎(3) mustn't 意为"一定不要(做某事);不准(做某事)" ，有禁止的意思。如:‎ Look at the sign. You mustn't smoke here. 看看标志。这里禁止吸烟。‎ ‎2. What kind of music do you like? 你喜欢哪种类型的音乐?‎ kind 意为"种类，类型"。 a kind of" 一种" all kinds of '' 各种各样的" what kind of" 什么类型的"。如:‎ The dumpling is a kind of Chinese food. 饺子是一种中国食品。‎ ‎【链接】kind 作形容词，意为"友好的，慈样的"。‎ be kind to sb. /sth.对某人/某物友善。如:‎ You've been very kind to me. 你对我一直都很好。‎ It's very kind of you to help us. 你真好，能这样帮助我们。‎ ‎3. ...and they continue to make music. ......他们继续创作音乐。‎ continue + to do sth. /doing sth. /sth. 意为"继续做某事". continue 后用动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式作宾语，含义相同。如:‎ continue to read/writing a story 继续阅读/写故事 After a rest , she continued to watch/ watching TV.休息后，她继续看电视。‎ ‎4. When he was eight, his father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano. 当他八岁的时内候，他的父亲请了一位音乐老师来教他弹钢琴。‎ 句中ask 意为"请求，要求"常用的短语ask sb. to do sth. 意为"让某人做某事"。如:‎ I often ask my uncle to help me with my math. 我经常请叔叔教我学数学。‎ ‎【链接】有类似用法的动词还有:‎ tell 告诉;want 想要;teach 教;allow 允许; advise 建议;order 命令;wish 希望; expect 期望; encourage 鼓励;warn 警告;get 让 ‎5. What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天此时你在做什么?‎ What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday morning? 昨天上午七点到九点的时候你在做什么?‎ was/were + doing 为过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如:‎ I was watching TV when you called me last night. 你昨晚给我打电话(那一刻)时，我在看电视。‎ Joan was reading the whole afternoon yesterday. 琼昨天整个下午都在看书。‎ ‎6. Well , Miss Wang was angry with me. 嗯，王老师生我的气了。‎ be angry with sb. 意为"生某人的气"。如:‎ He was angry with himself for having made such foolish mistakes. 他因犯如此愚蠢的错误而感到气恼。‎ ‎【链接】(1) be angry at sb. 对某人的言行感到气愤。如:‎ He was angry at the student.他因为这个学生的言行而生气。‎ ‎(2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气。如:‎ He was angry about so much traffic in the street.他对街上交通拥挤感到气恼。‎ ‎&细比细看 ‎1. go on doing sth. / go on to do sth. / go on with sth.‎ ‎(1) After he finished his homework , he ________ a novel.‎ ‎(2) After he had a rest , he ________ his work.‎ ‎(3) He said nothing but just ________ the article.‎ A. went on to read B. went on with C. went on reading ‎【分析比较】go on doing sth. 表示不受任何影响仍然继续做原来的事情。(3) 题意为"他什么也没说，只是继续读文章"故选C 。‎ go on to do sth. 表示做完某件事后紧接着又继续做另外一件(不同的)事情。(1)题意为"他做完家庭作业后，紧接着看小说"故选A 。‎ go on with sth. 在做某事中间被打断后继续做被打断前做的事情。(2) 题意为"休息一会儿后，他继续做他的工作"故选B.‎ ‎2. interesting/interested ‎(1) What an ________ movie!‎ ‎(2) I'm ________ in the news.‎ ‎【分析比较】interesting 指某物(事) "有趣的，有吸引力的"。 (1)题意为"多么有趣的电影!"指电影有趣，故填interesting。‎ 28‎ interested 指人"对……感兴趣"后常跟介词in 。‎ ‎(2)题意为"我对这新闻感兴趣"表示"某人对……感兴趣! "，故填interested 。‎ 后缀-ing 和-ed 的形容词原则上是:后缀- ing的形容词多用来描述事物;后缀- ed 的形容词多用来描述人。如:‎ tiring 引起疲劳的， tired (人)感到疲劳的 exciting 令人激动的， excited (人)感到激动的，兴奋的 surprising 令人惊讶的， surprised (人)感到惊讶的 boring 无聊的， bored (人)感到无聊的 ‎3. too... to... /enough to... /so... that...‎ ‎(1) The child is _______ young _______ go to school.‎ ‎(2) The boy is not tall _______ reach the apples on the tree.‎ ‎(3) The girl is _______ young _______ she can't draw a picture.‎ ‎【分析比较】too... to... 意为"太……而不能 ‎……"表示否定意义，其结构为too +adj. /adv. + to + v. 。(l)题意为"这个孩子太小了，不到上学的年龄"故填too... to... 。‎ enough to do... 意为"足够……做……" , to 后跟动词原形。(2) 题意为"那个男孩不够高，够不着树上的苹果", 故填enough to 。‎ so... that. ..意为"如此……以至于……"其结构为so + adj. /adv. + that +从句，引导一个结果状语 从句。(3) 题意为"那女孩太小了，画不了画"此句为结果状语从句，故填so... that...。‎ ‎【链接】( 1 ) so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句。如:‎ The boy is so angry that he can't say anything. 这个男孩如此生气，以至于说不出话来。‎ ‎(2) so that 意为"为了"表示目的，引导目的状语从句。如:‎ The students study hard so that they can make their dreams come true. 为了实现梦想，同学们努力学习。‎ ‎4. please/pleasant/pleased/pleasure ‎(1)Come in , ________.‎ ‎(2) It gives me much ________ to be with you.‎ ‎(3) Our English teacher is a very ________ young man.‎ A. please B. pleased C. pleasant D. pleasure ‎(4) I'm very ________ to hear the news.‎ A. please B. pleased C. pleasant D. pleasure ‎【分析比较】please 动词，意为"请;使人高兴"。还可以作感叹词，意为"请"通常用于祈使句或表示请求、邀请的句子中，用于句末时前面通常用逗号隔开。(1)题意为"请进", 故填please 。‎ pleasant 形容词，意为"使人快乐的，令人满意的"用来说明人时表示"使别人愉快或招人喜欢"。(3) 题意为"我们的英语老师是位招人喜欢的年轻人"故选C。‎ pleased 形容词，意为"感到高兴或满意"， be pleased 之后可接介词with , about , at 或不定式和从句。(4) 题意为"我很高兴听到这个消息"故选B 。‎ pleasure 名词，意为"愉快;高兴;使人'愉快的事物"。(2) 题意为"跟你在一起我很高兴"故填pleasure 。‎ ‎5. quickly/fast/soon ‎(1) Don't drive so ________.‎ ‎(2) They'll be home ________.‎ ‎(3) I can't run ________ than my brother.‎ ‎(4) I ________ realized that 1 was on the wrong train.‎ ‎(5) She sold the house ________ after her husband died.‎ ‎【分析比较】quickly 迅速地，很快地。强调动作迅速、敏捷，而不是强调运动本身的速度。(4) 题意为"我很快意识到我坐错了火车。"表示反应很快，故填quickly 。‎ fast 快速、快。强调动作、速度迅速，侧重指运动的物体。(1)题意为"别把车开得这么快。"，(3) 题意为"我没有我哥哥跑得快。"都表示速度快，故(1)填fast , (3) 填faster。‎ soon 很快，马上，不久。强调时间快。(2) 题意为"他们很快就要到家。"(5) 题意为"丈夫去世后不久，她就把房子卖了。"都表示"不久，很快",故填soon 。‎ Unit 4‎ ‎&考点词汇 clear , nature , sheep , goose , above , joy , rose , snake , fox , feed , cover , earth , dark , forest , control , wood , rubber , protect , main , ocean , drop , dig , robot , scientist , appear , situation , repair , mend ,.. toward (s) , planet , information , object ,‎ 28‎ ‎ balloon , wake , real , dictionary , remain , pull , government , wonder , live , treasure , underground , palace , west , weigh , ton , king , ancient , regard ‎&目标短语 feed on 以……为食 in fact 实际上，事实上 make up 组成，构成 on earth 在地球上; (加强疑问句的语气)究竟 fill ...with 用……填满 in danger 处在危险状态 take the place of 取代，代替 mistake. ..for 把……错当成…‎ wake up/wake ... up 醒来/把……叫醒 call for 寻求，需要，号召，提倡 spend...on/ (in) doing sth. 花费......在某事上/做某事 for example 例如 look up 抬头看，查询，查阅，查找 pay attention to 注意 begin/ start with 以……开始 write to 写信给…‎ plug in 接通(电源) ，把(插头)插进(插座)‎ pull down 拆毁(建筑物)‎ be made up of 由……组成 according to 按照 from now ( then) on 从现在(那时)起 regard... as... 把……看作.....‎ lose oneself in 沉迷于，专心致志于 think about 考虑(是否去做)‎ ‎&重点句型 ‎1. People can enjoy the beauties of nature there.‎ ‎2. I'm the strongest on this farm.‎ ‎3. I think roses are the most beautiful of all the flowers.‎ ‎4. I like cats best because they are cuter than any other animals.‎ ‎5. But rainforests are becoming smaller and smaller.‎ ‎6. I'm sure robots can do some work faster and better than humans.‎ ‎7. I'm not sure whether/ if robots will make humans lose their jobs.‎ ‎8. Robots can take the place of humans to do hard or boring work.‎ ‎9. A UFO flew over my head while I was walking toward the bus stop yesterday.‎ ‎10. People often mistake some man-made objects such as kites or balloons for UFOs.‎ ‎11. —There are still many old city walls Beijing , aren't there?‎ ‎—Yes , there are. / No , there aren't.‎ ‎12. —The workers used live models , didn't they?‎ ‎—Yes , they did.‎ ‎13. The govemment is trying to protect and the old city walls.‎ ‎14. It took about 100 ,000 people over 20 years build it.‎ ‎15. Every year , many people find great pleasure in visiting the Great Wall.‎ ‎&功能意念 ‎1. 肯定与不肯定 I'm sure (of that) .‎ I'm (quite) sure (that) robots can do some work faster and better than humans.‎ I'm not (so) sure.‎ I'm not sure whether/if there are UFOs.‎ Maybe you're right.‎ It's hard to say.‎ Perhaps she is at home now.‎ ‎2. 比较 ‎(1)同级比较 My ruler is as long as yours.‎ I can run as fast as you can.‎ This book is not as interesting as that one.‎ I can't run so (as) fast as you (can).‎ ‎(2) 差别比较 The hens are much/ a little smaller than cows/geese.‎ Rainforests are becoming smaller and smaller.‎ I think animals are more interesting than plants.‎ I run faster than Jim.‎ The mice are the smallest of all.‎ I think roses are the most beautiful of all the flowers.‎ It's one of the most dangerous fishes in the world.‎ ‎(3) 相似和差别 This picture is the same as that one on the wall.‎ Lucy is like her mother.‎ Tom looks like his father.‎ My picture is different from yours.‎ There are five differences between the two 28‎ ‎ pictures.‎ ‎&语法精粹 ‎1. 形容词比较级和最高级。‎ ‎2. 反意疑问句。‎ ‎3. whether/ if 引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎&考点剖析 ‎1. Thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests. 数以百万计的动物生活在热带雨林中。‎ thousands of 意为"好几千;成千上万"是一个大概的数目。如:‎ There are thousands of workers working in the factory. 这家工厂有好几千工人在上班。‎ ‎【链接】表示大概数目时， thousand/hundred/million 后要变复数，前面可加many 等数目模糊的修饰词，而且必须搭配of所有格。而表示一个确切数目时， thousand/hundred/ million 后不能变复数，前面须加数词，不能搭配of 所有格。如:‎ There are two thousand workers in the factory two。这家工厂有两千工人。‎ ‎2. But, now rainforest are becoming smaller and smaller. 但是，现在热带雨林正变得越来越小。‎ smaller and smaller 越来越小 形容词(或副词)的比较级+ and +形容词(或副词)的比较级表示"越来越......"。如:‎ She feels better and better. 她感觉越来越好。‎ Tom runs faster and faster. 汤姆跑得越来越快了。‎ ‎【链接】多音节形容词(或副词)表示"越来越……"要用"more and more +多音节形容词(或副词)的原级"来表示。如:‎ She is becoming more and more beautiful.她变得越来越漂亮了。‎ He did his work more and more carefully. 他工作越来越仔细了。‎ ‎3. In fact , water makes up the largest part of the human body. 实际上，人体的绝大部分是由水分组成的。‎ 此处make up 是"构成，形成"的意思。‎ 另外，be made up of 是"由……组成"的意思。如:‎ The passage is made up of four paragraphs. 本文由四段组成。‎ ‎4. And I'm sure robots can do some work faster and better than humans. 我相信机器人做某些工作比人做得更快、更好。‎ be sure + that 引导从句，其中that 可省略。如:‎ I'm sure( that) he will come. 我确信他会来。‎ ‎【链接】(1) be not sure + whether/if 引导从句，意为"不确信是否……"。如:‎ I'm not sure whether/if robots will make humans lose their jobs. 我不敢肯定机器人是否会让人类失业。‎ ‎(2) be sure to +动词原形，意为"一定会……的，必定会(发生)的"。如:‎ It's a really good film and you're sure to like it.它确实是一部好电影，你一定会喜欢。‎ ‎(3) be sure of +名词(短语)/代词，意为"(对获得...... )有把握的"。如:‎ I've never felt sure of success. 我从来没有对胜利有充足的信心。‎ ‎5. People often mistake some man-made objects such as kites or balloons for UFOs. 人们经常把风筝或气球等人造物体误认为UFO 。‎ mistake +名词+ for +名词"把......误认为……"。如:‎ I mistook Anna for her sister. 我误把安娜当做是她妹妹。‎ ‎【链接】(1) make a mistake 中mistake 作名词，‎ 意为"错误，失误", make a mistake 意为"犯错"。如:‎ Don't worry , we all make mistakes. 没关系;我们都会犯错。‎ ‎(2) by mistake 意为"错误地，无意地"。如:‎ I took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我错拿了你的包。‎ ‎6. When you look up a word in the dictionary , you must pay attention to the first letter of the word. 当你在词典里查单词时，你必须注意这个词的第一个字母。‎ look up 意为"(在词典或参考书中)查找"其宾语若为代词，必须放在up 前;若为名词，放在up前后均可。如:‎ look up the word in the dictionary 在词典里查这个词 ‎【链接】look up 还可以作"抬头看;向上看"解。如:‎ She looked up and saw me.‎ 28‎ ‎ 她抬起头来看见了我。‎ ‎7. Let's go and have a look, shall we?‎ 本句是由祈使句+附加疑问部分构成。祈使句的附加疑问部分常用wil1 you ，通常不必考虑祈使句是肯定还是否定。但要注意，以Let's 开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we。如:‎ Close the window , will you? 关上窗户，好吗?‎ Let's go shopping tonight , shall we? 我们今晚去购物，好吗?‎ ‎&细比细看 ‎1. if/whether ‎(1) He doesn't mind _______ they are good or not.‎ ‎(2) I want to know _______ it is going to rain tomorrow.‎ ‎(3) _______ this is true or not , I can not say.‎ ‎(4) I haven't decided _______ to go to the cinema or to stay at home.‎ ‎(5) I haven't settled the question of _______ I'll go back home.‎ ‎【分析比较】二者作连词引导宾语从句意为"是否"一般情况下可互换。(2) 题意为"我想知道明天是否会下雨"，故填if/whether 。‎ 以下几种情况只能用whether 而不用if。‎ ‎①whether 后可接or not ，即whether ... or not 意为"不论是否…… "。(1)题意为"他并不介意它们是否是好的"故填whether 。‎ ‎②whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句前，if则不能。(3) 题意为"这件事是否真实，我说不准"从句放在主句前，故填whether 。‎ ‎③不定式前用whether ，而不用if。(4) 题意为"我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里"连词后用不定式，故填whether 。‎ ‎④介词后用whether，而不用if。(5)题意为"我还没有决定是否回家"，在介词of后只能用whether。‎ ‎2. take the place of/take one's place/in place of/take place ‎(1) Mr. Wu will ________ Miss Chen to teach us Eng1ish this term.‎ ‎(2) There is no room for you now ________, please.‎ ‎(3) Mr. Wu wi11 teach us English ________ Miss Chen this term.‎ ‎(4) The film festival ________ in October.‎ ‎【分析比较】take the place of 和take one's place均为动词短语，意思分别是"代替某人的职务", "坐某人的座位"。前者须接宾语;后者不接宾语。(1)题意为"这学期吴老师将代替陈老师教我们英语" , Miss Chen 为宾语，故填take the place of。(2)题意为"现在没有空位了，请坐我的位置"，故填take my place。‎ in place of 意为"代替"是介词短语，多作状语。(3)题意为"吴老师代替陈老师教我们英语,"而且句子结构要求填非谓语形式，故填in place of.‎ take place 指"(根据安排或计划)举行;发生"。(4)题意为"电影节将在十月举行。"，故填takes place。‎ ‎3. live/living/ alive/lively ‎(1) Have you seen a _______ dinosaur(恐龙)?‎ ‎(2) Is the snake _______ or dead?‎ ‎(3) What a _______ girl she is!‎ ‎(4) Her story is _______ and interesting.‎ ‎【分析比较】live , living 和alive都可作形容词，意思是"活着的，有生命的"。live和living用法相同，可作表语或定语，而alive多作表语，作定语时，一般放在它所修饰的名词后; live用作形容词时还可译为"现场直播的;现场演出的"。(1)题意为"你见过活的恐龙吗?"句子缺少定语，故填live 或1iving。(2)题意为"那条蛇是活的还是死的?"句子缺少表语，故填 alive , live 或living均可。‎ lively 作形容词，意为"活泼的，生动的，充满活力的"。(3) 题意为"她是一个多么活泼的女孩!"，故填lively。(4) 题意为"她的故事生动有趣"，故填lively。‎ ‎4. with + sth. /by + sth.‎ ‎(1) She was killed _______ a falling tree.‎ ‎(2) She cut the apple _______ a knife.‎ ‎(3) —How did you write the letter?‎ ‎—I wrote it _______ a ball pen.‎ ‎【分析比较】with +东西表示行为主体(人)把该东西当作具体工具使用。(2) 题意为"她用刀子切苹果"故填with。 (3) 题意为"一一你是用什么写信的?一一我是用圆珠笔写的"，故填with 。‎ by+东西表示该东西是行为的主体。(1)题意为"她被一棵倒下的树砸死了"，树是行为的主体，故填by。‎ by还可表示方式"通过"的意思。如:‎ She makes a living by selling fruits and vegetables.她以卖水果和蔬菜为生。‎ ‎5. look for/find/find out 28‎ ‎(1) You can _________ the book shop at the comer of the street.‎ ‎(2) I _________ her very beautiful.‎ ‎(3) The police are _________ the missing woman everywhere.‎ ‎(4) Read the story and _________ the answers to the questions.‎ ‎【分析比较】look for 意为"寻找",是有目的的寻找，强调"寻找"这一动作。(3) 题意为"警察正在到处寻找那位失踪的女人强调动作和找的过程，不强调结果，因此用looking for。‎ find 意为"找到，发现，发觉"通常指找到或发现客观存在的具体的东西或偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调找的结果。(1) 题意为"你能在街道的拐角处找到书店"强调结果，故填find。(2) 题意为"我发现她很漂亮"故填find/found。find out 意为"找出，发现，查明"多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后得出某种答案、结论。(4) 题意为"阅读故事并找出答案"，故填find out 。‎ Unit 5‎ ‎&考点词汇 invite , smile , none , taste , seem , proud , smell , cry , lonely , lively , mad , role , gesture , culture , peace , strict , shy , send , fail , experience , suggestion , normal , nervous , accept , refuse , understand , anybody , though , bitter , test , speech , monitor , boss , thought , noise , spirit , magazine , decision , sense ‎&目标短语 say thanks to 向……道谢 a ticket to/for ......的票，券 be proud of 骄傲，自豪 be pleased with 对......感到满意 cheer up 使振作起来:使高兴起来 at fïrst 开始;首先 fall into 落入 in the end 最后，终于 come into being 形成;成立 make peace with sb. 与某人和解 be strict with 对…...严格要求 take it easy 别紧张，别着急 be/ get used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事 deal with 处理，解决;对付 even though 即使，尽管 no longer/ not... any longer 不再 calm down( 使)平静;镇静 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 give sb. a surprise 给某人一个惊喜，意外 put on 表演;上映 get on/along with 与......相处 fall asleep 入睡 such as 例如 make a decision 做决定 think over 仔细考虑 ‎&重点句型 ‎1. You look excited.‎ ‎2. I feel disappointed.‎ ‎3. It's so funny and interesting.‎ ‎4. Did she sound upset?‎ ‎5. I went to buy a ticket , but there was none left.‎ ‎6. —How does the food taste?‎ ‎—It tastes so delicious.‎ ‎7. Michael isn't able to come.‎ ‎8. She was very sad and went mad.‎ ‎9. She feels very lonely because she has no friends to talk with.‎ ‎10. I thought the roads here were not as clean as those in our hometown.‎ ‎11. I'm feeling really sad because I failed the English exam.‎ ‎12. The doctor lets Micheal rest for a few days.‎ ‎13. Follow the doctor's advice , and you'll get well soon.‎ ‎14. With the help of my teachers and classmates , I’m getting used to the life here.‎ ‎15. But it can’t be SARS.‎ ‎16. Your classmates make you monitor.‎ ‎17. Sometimes it makes me feel happy.‎ ‎18. Wearing red often makes me active.‎ ‎&功能意念 ‎1. 高兴 I'm so happy!‎ That's lovely/ great/very exciting/wonderful!‎ How wonderful/nice!‎ It's well done. I'm pleased to know that.‎ ‎2. 惊奇 Really?‎ Oh dear!‎ 28‎ Is that so?‎ What a surprise!‎ How nice to see you!‎ How surprising!‎ I'm surprised!‎ Does that surprise you?‎ ‎3. 忧虑 What's wrong?‎ What's the matter?‎ Anything wrong?‎ What should we do?‎ Are you worried about your health?‎ ‎4. 安慰 There , there.‎ Don't be afraid.‎ Don't worry.‎ It's (quite) all right.‎ It'll be OK/ all right.‎ Take it easy.‎ ‎5. 满意 Good!‎ Well done!‎ Perfect!‎ That’s fine.‎ That's better.‎ That's good enough.‎ I'm pleased with your spoken English.‎ ‎6. 遗憾 I'm so sorry!‎ It's a great pity!‎ What a shame!‎ That's too bad.‎ ‎7. 同情 I'm so sorry!‎ I'm sorry to hear that.‎ I'm so sorry about your illness.‎ I'm sorry to hear you are going away.‎ Please accept my deep sympathy.‎ ‎8. 恐惧 Help!‎ How terrible!‎ I'm afraid of that dog.‎ I'm frightened.‎ I'm afraid of taking bitter medicine.‎ ‎&语法精粹 l. 系动词+形容词结构 ‎2. 由because 引导的原因状语从句 ‎3. 形容词的同级比较(as... as... , not as/ so... as)‎ ‎4. let +宾语+宾语补足语(不带to 的动词不定式)‎ ‎5. make +宾语+宾语补足语(动词，名词，形容词)‎ ‎&考点剖析 ‎1. You look excited. 你看起来很激动。‎ look excited 意为"看起来很激动"。 look 是系动词，后面接形容同excited 作表语，构成系表结构。‎ ‎【链接】系动词，又称连系动词，是表示不完全谓语关系的动词。它本身有一定的含义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须后跟表语一起构成谓语。这种谓语形式可统称为系表结构。表语通常由形容词、名词、动词不定式等来充当。连系动词通常分为三类:‎ ‎(1)单纯表示某个特征或状态用得最多的是be(是) ，另外还有feel( 感觉，摸上去) , look( 看起来) , sound (听起来) , taste (尝起来) , seem( 假乎是) , appear( 显得，看来好像) , smell( 闻起来)等。如:‎ I feel terrible.我觉得不舒服。‎ Her voice sounds very sweet.她的嗓音昕起来很甜美。‎ ‎(2)表示变成某种状态 这类系动词有become (变成) , come( 变得) , fall(变得) , get( 变得) , grow( 逐渐变得) , turn( 变为) , go(变成) , prove( 证明是)等。如:‎ I hope my dream will come true soon. 我希望我的梦想不久会实现。‎ The food went bad. 食物变质了。‎ ‎(3) 表示保持某种状态这类系动词有keep (保持) , stand (处于……状态) , stay (继续处于……状态)等。如:‎ How does sea water stay clean? 海水是如何保持清洁的呢?‎ 注:使用连系动词时，要用主动结构来表示被动飞的含义。如:‎ The dish tastes delicious. 这道菜(被)尝起来味道不错。‎ ‎2. My father and mother want to invite your parents to go to the movies. 我父母想邀请你们的父母一起去看电影。‎ invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事，如:‎ I want to invite you to have dinner with me.‎ 28‎ ‎ 我想邀请你和我一起吃晚饭。‎ ‎【链接】(1) invite sb. (to some place) 邀请某人(去某处) ，如:‎ Mr. Wang invited me to his birthday party. 王先生邀请我参加他的生日宴会。‎ ‎(2) invite 的名词为invitation ，如:‎ a letter of invitation 一封邀请信 ‎3. I went to buy a ticket, but there was none left. 我去买票，但是票已经卖光了。‎ ‎(1)none 意为"三者或三者以上中一个都没有"可作单数也可作复数。如:‎ None of the foreigners is/ are from Japan. 这些外国人中没有一个是来自日本的。‎ ‎(2) left意为"剩下的"放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，表示"剩余的物品"。如:‎ Is there any coffee left? 还有剩余的咖啡吗?‎ ‎4. Michael isn't able to come. 迈克尔不能来了。‎ be able to 和can 表示"能力"时，有时可以互换使用。但是can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to 有更多的时态，如将来时、完成时。如:‎ No one is able to do it. = No one can do it. 这件事谁也做不了。‎ She was able to swim two years ago. = She could swim two years ago. 她两年前就会游泳了。‎ The boy will be able to go to school next year.这个男孩明年就能上学了。‎ ‎5. What seems to be the problem? 到底是怎么回事?‎ seem 后可接动词不定式，意为"似乎"表示推测。如:‎ He seems to be a teacher. 他似乎是一个老师。‎ ‎【链接】(1)seem 后可接形容词或名词，构成系表结构。如:‎ He didn't seem very sure. 他似乎不是很有把握。‎ 因此seem to be + adj. /n. 也可以表达为:seem +adj. /n. 。‎ ‎(2) It seems (to sb. ) that 后接宾语从句， that 可省略。如:‎ It seems to me he is very rich. 在我看来，他似乎很富有。‎ ‎6. She feels very lonely because she has no friends to talk with. 她感到很孤独，因为她没有朋友可以交谈。‎ ‎(1)because 引导原因状语从句，而表示结果的从句多用so引导。但二者不能同时出现在一个句子中。如:‎ I came to work late because the traffic was heavy.‎ 因为交通拥挤我上班迟到了。‎ She got up late this morning , so she was late for class. 她今天早晨起晚了，所以上课迟到了。‎ ‎(2) to talk with 为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰friends 。如:‎ I have a piece of good news to tell you. 我有一则好消息要告诉你。‎ 动词不定式作后置定语时，多与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，所以当动词是不及物动词时，要搭配介词。如:‎ I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支钢笔写字。‎ ‎7. I'm really worried about her. 我很担心她。‎ be worried about 对……感到担心，如:‎ Are you worried about falling behind others?‎ 你担心落后于他人吗?‎ ‎【链接】be +形容词+介词，常用的还有:‎ be pleased with 对……感到满意 be afraid of 对……感到害怕 be bored with 对……感到厌烦 be nervous about 对……感到紧张 be angry with sb. /at sth. 对某人/某事物生气 be excited about/ at sth. 对某事感到兴奋/激动 be ready for 为……做好准备 be satisfied with 对……感到满意 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict about /in sth.对某事要求严格 ‎8. It's normal to feel sad when something bad happens to us. 当不幸的事情发生在我们身上时，感到悲伤是很正常的。‎ ‎(1) happen( 尤指意外)发生，如:‎ The accident happened early on Tuesday morning.那起事故发生在星期二清晨。‎ ‎(2) happen to sb. /sth. (事情)发生在……身上降临到……头上，如:‎ A funny thing happened to me on my way home last night. 昨晚我在回家的路上遇到一件好笑的事。‎ ‎【链接】happen to do sth. 碰巧，凑巧做某事，如:‎ I happened to meet her at the bus station. 我在汽车站碰巧遇见了她。‎ 28‎ ‎9. I thought the roads here were not so clean as those in our hometown. 我认为这儿的路不如我们家乡的干净。‎ ‎"as+形容词/副词原级+as+比较对象"表示两者在某一方面程度相同。如:‎ I am as tall as my father. 我和父亲一样高。‎ He runs as fast as Tom. 他和汤姆跑得一样快。‎ ‎"not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as+ 比较对象"表示某人或某物在某一方面不如另一个人或另一物。如:‎ Jim doesn't study as/ so hard as Helen. 吉姆学习没有海伦努力。‎ ‎10. You may become unhappy sometimes , for example; when you fail an exam. 你有时可能会不高兴，比如，当你考试不及格时。‎ fail失败，未成功， (测验)不及格，如:‎ Peace talks between the two countries have failed.两国间的和平谈判以失败告终。‎ ‎【链接】fail to do sth. 做某事不成功;未能做成应做(想做)的事，如:‎ Doctors failed to save the girl's life. 医生未能保住那个女孩的生命。‎ The letter failed to arrive. 信没有寄到。‎ ‎11. He was quite angry with the driver because his car hit his brother , even though it was an accident. 他对那个开车撞他哥哥的司机很生气，尽管这是一起意外事故。‎ even though/if意为"尽管，即使，虽然"用来引导让步状语从句。如:‎ He works hard , even though he is quite tired. 尽管很累，他仍努力工作。‎ though 不能与连词but连用，但可以与自由 , yet等副词连用表示强调。如:‎ The farmer was still working in the field , though it was raining heavily. 尽管天下着大雨，这个农民仍然在地里干活。‎ ‎12. It makes me feel nervous. 那使我感到紧张。‎ make sb. /sth.后面的宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词，也可以是不带to 的不定式。如:‎ We made him monitor. 我们选他当班长。‎ I like him because he often makes me laugh. 我喜欢他因为他经常逗我笑。‎ Eating too much made him ill. 吃得太多使他生病了。‎ ‎13. I'm afraid of taking bitter medicine. 我害怕服苦昧的药。‎ be afraid of doing sth. /be afraid to do sth. /be afraid that... 害怕做某事，担心做某事。如:‎ Don't be afraid to ask for help. 不要害怕求人帮忙。‎ ‎【链接】(1) I'm afraid 我怕恐怕很遗憾……。如:‎ I'm 'afraid we can't come. 恐怕我们来不了。‎ ‎(2) I'm afraid so. 恐怕是。I'm afraid not. 恐怕不是。如:‎ ‎—Is she really ill？ 她真的病了吗?‎ ‎—I'm afraid so. 恐怕是的。‎ ‎&细比细看 ‎1. used to do sth. /be (get) used to (doing) sth. /be used for ‎(1) I ________ go to school on foot , but now I always ride a bike to school.‎ ‎(2) Jack has lived in Shanghai for three years , so he ________ the life there.‎ ‎(3) Michael has ________ the hard work.‎ ‎(4) The glass ________ storing brushes by my grandfather now.‎ ‎【分析比较】used to do sth. 意为"过去常常做某事"表示现在已发生变化。(1)题意为"我过去常常步行上学，但现在我总是骑自行车上学", 故选used to。‎ be used to doing sth. /sth. 意为"习惯于"后面接动名词或名词。‎ ‎(2) 题意为"杰克在上海已住了3年，所以他习惯了那里的生活"，故填is/gets used to 。‎ ‎(3)题意为"迈克尔已经习惯了这项艰苦的工作", 故填been/got used to。‎ be used for是被动结构，指某物的用途。(4) 题意为"那个玻璃杯现在被我爷爷用来存放毛笔", 故填is used for。‎ ‎2. deal with/ do with ‎(1) I don't know what to ________ all the food that's left over.‎ ‎(2) How do you ________ your problems?‎ ‎【分析比较】deal with意为"解决，处理，应付"当表达"如何处理……?" 时，疑问词常用how 。(2) 题意为"你怎样处理你的问题7" 故选deal 明白。‎ do with意为"处理，打发，安排", 与deal with 都可作"处理"讲，但疑问词常用what。(1) 题意为"我不知道如何处理这些剩饭菜"，应填do with。‎ ‎3. spend/take/cost/pay 28‎ ‎(1) The girl ________ thirty yuan on the scarf yesterday.‎ ‎(2) How much did that shirt ________ you?‎ ‎(3) I ________ five dollars for the book just now.‎ ‎(4) It ________ me two hours to finish my homework every night.‎ ‎(5) I'll ________ for the tickets.‎ ‎(6) They ________ half a day visiting the Great Wall.‎ ‎【分析比较】四者都有花费的意思。spend 后接金钱或时间，常用结构为sb. spends money/time on sth. 或sb. spends money/time (in) doing sth. 。‎ ‎(1)题意为"昨天这个女孩花三十元钱买了条围巾"故填spent。(6) 题意为"他们用了半天参观长城"，故填spent。‎ cost 花费金钱、时间等，主语必须是物或用it 作形式主语。(2)题意为"这件衬衫花了你多少钱"，故填cost"‎ pay 常与for 连用，主语为人。pay for sth. /pay money for srh. (3) 题意为"刚才我花了5 美元买这本书"，故填paid。(5)题意为"我会付这些票的钱"，故填pay。‎ take 多指花费时间，常用句型It takes sb. some time to do sth. (4)题意为"每晚我要花两个小时来完成作业"，故填takes。‎ ‎4. alone/lonely ‎(1) She prefers to live _________.‎ ‎(2) There is a/an _________ house in the country.‎ ‎(3) Although the man was _________ on the island , he didn't feel at all.‎ ‎【分析比较】alone"独自的，单独地"，既可以作形容词，也可以作副词，没有感情色彩，不能作定语。(1)题意为"她喜欢独居"，故填alone。‎ lonely" 孤独的"只作形容词，有感情色彩，可作定语和表语。(2) 题意为"乡下只有一座孤零零的房子"，故填lonely。‎ ‎(3)题意为"这个人虽然一个人待在小岛上，但他并不感到孤独"故分别填alone , lonely。‎ Unit 6‎ ‎&考点词汇 field , vehicle , airline , decide , total , raise , hotel , standard , condition , comfortable , dollar , sell , noon , forward , receive , postcard , perfect , mark , eastern , north , east , tour , space , push , direction , step , notice , sight , huge , beside , realize , passenger, crazy , anywhere , impossible , death , slow , rush , warn , trouble , courage , lead , smooth , success , final , result, successful ‎&目标短语 decide on/upon sth. 决定，选定 find out 查明，发现，了解 work out 算出，解决 make a reservation 预订 look forward to (doing) sth. 期望(做)某事 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 as soon as 一......就.......‎ in the daytime 在白天 out of sight 看不见;在视野之外 can't help doing 禁不住/忍不住做 come up with 想出(主意) ;找到答案;追上，赶上 slow down 减速 go on doing sth. 继续干某事，不停地干某事 once again 再一次 be on vacation 在度假 make sure 确保;弄清楚 tell... from... 把......和……区分开来 be surprised at 对……感到惊奇 take out 取出 get on /off 上/下(车、船等)‎ avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 follow/break the rules 遵守/破坏规定 warn sb. (not) to do 警告某人(不要)做…‎ on the left side of 在......左边 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 ‎&重点句型 ‎1. Boys and girls , I have some exciting news to tell you!‎ ‎2. But it will take us a few days to get there by bike.‎ ‎3. Let's find out some information about the cost.‎ ‎4. We'll decide on the best way to go on our field trip.‎ ‎5. I'd 1ike to book some tickets to Mount Tai on March 13th.‎ ‎6. I want to make a room reservation.‎ ‎7. Miss Wang told us not to ask our parents for the ‎ 28‎ money.‎ ‎8. The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.‎ ‎9. I'm looking forward to hearing from you.‎ ‎10. Darren was reading Ren' ai English Post when Michael came in.‎ ‎11. It's about two and a half hours by bike.‎ ‎12. They walked through the passage into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders.‎ ‎13. As they were exploring happily , the crow of people became larger and larger.‎ ‎14. He didn't raise his head until someone called him.‎ ‎15. When I frrst arrived , I was afraid of riding my bike anywhere.‎ ‎16. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents.‎ ‎17. To avoid hitting the truck , he ran into the wall and his arm was badly hurt.‎ ‎18. However , his path to success wasn't smooth.‎ ‎&功能意念 提醒注意 Don't forget your raincoat.‎ Remember to lock the door.‎ Mind your head/step !‎ No smoking!‎ No spitting!‎ Wet floor!‎ Look out!‎ Be careful!‎ It's dangerous!‎ Don't touch!‎ Don’t push!‎ No photos here!‎ ‎&语法精粹 ‎1. 动词不定式作定语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语、主语等。‎ ‎2. 由while , after , before , as , when , until 和as soon as引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎3. if引导的条件状语从句。‎ ‎&考点剖析 ‎1. Bring your information tomorrow and we'll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你们查到的资料带来，然后我们来决定最好的春游方式。‎ decide on/upon sth. 意为"决定，选定某事"。如:‎ We're trying to decide on/ upon a school.我们正在设法选定一所学校。‎ ‎【链接】(1) decide to do sth. 决定做某事。如:‎ I decided to stay and look after my friend. 我决定留下来照顾我的朋友。‎ ‎(2)decide +that 从句，决定......。如:‎ My daughter decides that she will go to college in the future. 我女儿决定将来要上大学。‎ ‎2. Some schools come up with great ideas , such as "King or Queen for a Day".一些学校想出一些极好的主意，比如"一日国王"或"一日王后"。‎ come up with意为"想出，产生，提出(主意、计划、回答等) ，赶上"。如:‎ I just came up with a good idea. 我刚想出一个好主意。‎ We came up with a group of tourists. 我们赶上了一群游客。‎ ‎3. I'm looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望收到你的来信。‎ ‎(1) look forward to 意为"期待，盼望"，其中to是介词，后面可以接名词、代词或动名词，且常用于进行时态中。如:‎ I'm looking forward to our summer vacation. 我期待着暑假的到来。‎ They are looking forward to solving the problem. 他们正期待着解决问题。‎ ‎(2)hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信。如:‎ Did you hear from your mother last week? = Did you get/receive a letter from your mother last week? 上周你收到你妈妈的来信了吗?‎ ‎4. It's about two and a half hours by bike. 骑车大约两个半小时的路程。‎ 这个句子相当于It's about two and a half hours’ ride.‎ 类似表示路程的有:‎ It's only ten minutes' walk from my home to school.从我家到学校步行只要10分钟。‎ It's about one hour's bus ride from here to the station. 从这儿到车站坐公交车大约要一小时。‎ ‎5. Maoling lies to the southeast Tailing. 茂陵位于泰睦的东南面。‎ lie(用于表明地理位置)位于。如:‎ China lies in the east of Asia.‎ 28‎ ‎ 中国位于亚洲东部。‎ ‎【链接】to the +方位名词+ of...指互不接壤并互不管辖的两个地区。‎ in the +方位名词+ of... 指在某一范围之内的地区。‎ on the +方位名词+ of...指相互接壤但互不管辖的两个地区。如:‎ Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国以东。(不接壤)‎ Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在中国的北部。(在境内)‎ North Korea is on the northeast of China. 朝鲜在中国的东北面。(接壤)‎ ‎6. They were very cute and we couldn’t help watching them. 它们太可爱了，我们都禁不住观看它们来。‎ can't help doing sth. 意为"忍不住(无法抑制)做某事"。如:‎ When Jane heard the news , she couldn't help crying.当简听到这个消息时，她禁不住哭了。‎ ‎7. To avoid hitting the truck , the young man ran into the wall and hurt his arm badly.为了避免撞到卡车，他撞在了墙上，胳膊伤得很厉害。‎ ‎(1) to avoid hitting the truck 是动词不定式短语作目的状语，放在句首，表示强调。如:‎ To get there on time , you'd better take the subway.为了能按时抵达，你最好乘坐地铁。‎ ‎(2) avoid doing sth. 意为"避免，防止做某事"。如:‎ We should avoid quarreling with our neighbors. 我们应避免和邻居吵架。‎ ‎(3)run into 意为"撞到，碰到"。如:‎ The boy ran into the old man when he was running.男孩在奔跑时撞上了这位老大爷。‎ ‎【链接】上面的句子要和以下句子区别开来:‎ Take the medicine , and you will feel better soon. 这个句子是祈使句+or 或and +陈述句，祈使句部分相当于一个条件状语从句。如:‎ Hurry up , or we will miss our train. = If we don't hurry up , we'll miss our train.‎ ‎8. It warns us to be more careful. 它提醒我们要更小心。‎ warn 作及物动词，意为"警告，提醒"表示"(事先)告诉或警告(可能发生的某种情况) " ，后面可跟动词不定式复合结构。warn sb. (not) to do 意为"警告某人(不要)做……"。如:‎ I warn them to wear gloves. 我提醒他们要戴手套。‎ ‎【链接】(1)warn 后面跟从句。如:‎ I have warned him that it is not allowed. 我警告过他这是不允许的。‎ ‎(2)与warn 相关的固定短语。‎ ‎1. warn sb. of/about sth. 意为"警告某人某事;提醒某人注意某事"。如:‎ The doctor warned him about eating too much. 医生提醒他吃得太多了。‎ ‎2. warn sb. against 意为"让某人提防……，警告某人不要……"后常跟动名词。如:‎ She warned me against being over .confident. = She warned me not to be over confident. 她警告我不要过分自信。‎ ‎&细比细看 ‎1. raise/rise ‎(1) The sun ________ in the east every day.‎ ‎(2) The wind ________ the fallen leaves from the ground.‎ ‎(3) Many questions ________ at the meeting.‎ ‎(4) The farmer ________ chickens and corn on the hill.‎ ‎(5) The balloon ________ slowly from the ground just now.‎ ‎【分析比较】raise常作及物动词，意为明起，举起，提升，提出，筹集，饲养，种植"。 (2) 题意为"风吹起落叶"，故填raises; (3) 题意为"许多问题在会议上被提出"，故填were raised; (4) 题意为"那个农民在山上饲养小鸡，种植玉米"，故填raises 。‎ rise 作不及物动词，意为"上升，起身"以及东西或价格的升高。(1)题意为"太阳每天从东方升起"，故填rises; (5) 题意为"气球刚才缓缓地从地面升起"，故填rise的过去式rose。‎ ‎2. beat/win ‎(1) They _______ the basketball match yesterday.‎ ‎(2) By hard work she _______ the first place in the math exam.‎ ‎(3) He can always _______ me at chess.‎ ‎(4) It's difficult to _______ Class 3. They have several good players.‎ ‎【分析比较】这两个词中都有"赢"的意思。但beat 28‎ ‎ 的宾语是对手，即表示人的名词或代词，也可指打破纪录。win的宾语是表示比赛、奖品、胜利或荣誉等的名词或代词。‎ ‎(1) 的宾语是"比赛"应填won。 (2) 的宾语是"名次"应填won。‎ ‎(3)和(4)的宾语为"代词和表示人的名词"，故填beat。‎ ‎3. stop doing sth. /stop to do sth. /stop sb. (from) doing sth.‎ ‎(1) He had .to stop _________ (smoke) because he was ill.‎ ‎(2) The storm stopped the travellers ________ (come) down the hill.‎ ‎(3) Now let's stop________ (have) a short rest.‎ ‎【分析比较】stop doing sth. 停止做某事(停下正在做的事情，动名词作stop 的宾语)。(1)题意为"因为他病了，所以必须停止抽烟。"，故填smoking。‎ stop to do sth.停下来去做某事(停下原来正在做的事，去做另一件事，不定式作stop 的目的状语)。(3) 题意为"让我们停下来休息一会儿。"，故填to have。‎ stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。(2) 题意为"暴风雨使游客不能下山。"，故填(from) coming。‎ ‎4. when/while/as ‎(1) Some students were reading ________ others were singing.‎ ‎(2) It's getting colder and colder ________ the winter comes.‎ ‎(3) He went home ________ he had finished his homework.‎ ‎(4)You'd better eat nothing ________ studying.‎ ‎【分析比较】when" 当……时"引导的从句可用瞬间动词，也可用延续性动词(后者相当于while) , 与主句表达的动作可有先后，也可以同时。(3)题意为"他做完作业后回家去了。"其中"做作业"和"回家"这两个动作有先后，故填when。‎ while"正当……时"，用于同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生;用在两个同类动作相对比的主从句中，意为"而.……"。(1)题意为"有些学生在读书，而有些学生在唱歌。"，故选while。while还可表示"在……(过程)中"只接持续性动词，如谓语是be +doing , be可省略，故(4)填while。‎ as表示的动作与主句动作同时发生，具有延续的含义，一般同延续性动词连用，意为"随着......"。(2) 题意为"冬天来了，天气越来越冷。"故填as。‎ ‎5. place/space/room ‎(1) I'm looking for a ________ to stay.‎ ‎(2) Will you please save me a ________ in the classroom?‎ ‎(3) There isn't enough ________ for another chair.‎ ‎(4) How many ________ are there in this house?‎ ‎【分析比较】place 是可数名词，用以表示坐、工作、居住等的地方。( 1 )意为"我在找一个地方暂住。" (2) 意为"你能为我在教室里留个位置吗?"分别指住和坐的地方，可数名词，故都填place 。‎ room 和space用作不可数名词，指"空间"。 (3)题意为"没有足够的空间再放一把椅子。"应使用不可数名词room/space。‎ room 还可作可数名词，指间房间"。 (4) 题意为"这所房子有多少个房间?"，故填rooms 。‎ Unit 7‎ ‎&考点词汇 imagine , soup , cheese , biscuit , pancake , western , Indian , Russian , pity , sale , supply , cut , oil , add , cooker , pork , immediately , advantage , cheap , butter , piece , polite, spoon , course , southern, lady , gentleman , satisfy , guest , menu , wine , hill , lemonade , salad , Coke , worth , effort ‎&目标短语 get in touch with 与……取得联系 turn to sb. 向某人寻求帮助 try one's best 尽最大努力 have a sweet tooth喜欢吃甜食 hold on 等一等(别挂电话)‎ keep up( 使)继续 for sale 出售，待售 in order to 为了 come true 变为现实，成为事实 cut up 切碎，剁碎 eat up 吃光，吃完 drink to sb. / sth. 为某人/某事干杯(或祝酒)‎ pick up 捡起，拾起，搭便车，接某人 soft drink(不含酒精的)清凉饮料 take one's order订购,点菜 be worth (doing) sth. 值得(做)某事 28‎ in short 总之;简而言之 not only... but also... 不仅……而且……‎ ‎&重点句型 ‎1. I know he wants to build a new school for his poor village in Nigeria.‎ ‎2. I'll get in touch with Daniel on the Internet to get more information about him.‎ ‎3. I will think about how to organize the food festival.‎ ‎4. Let's try our best to make it successful.‎ ‎5. I believe we'll raise a lot of money for Daniel Igali.‎ ‎6. May I invite you to our food festival?‎ ‎7. Can you tell me if it's polite to eat with your arms or elbows on the table in America?‎ ‎8. —Would you mind if we learn to make it from you?‎ ‎—Of course not.‎ ‎9. We'd like Beijing Roast Duck and vegetable soup.‎ ‎10. Jane cooked more successfully. Kangkang cooks most successfully of the three.‎ ‎11. The more regularly we eat , the healthier we are.‎ ‎12. Let's wish them success!‎ ‎13 . Many different delicious foods are for sale , such as fried rice , apple pies and Indian curries.‎ ‎14. Maybe you don't know whether it's polite or not to speak loudly at the table.‎ ‎15. In short, we should not only eat enough good, healthy food hut also eat regularly.‎ ‎&功能意念 ‎1.就餐 ‎(1) —Would you like something to eat/ drink?‎ ‎—Yes , I'd like some meat/ a cup of tea/ ...‎ ‎(2) —What would you like (to have)?‎ ‎—Rice and chicken, please.‎ ‎(3) —May I take your order?‎ ‎—Certainly. I'd like...‎ ‎(4) —May I have the bill , please?‎ ‎—Let me see. It's ￥50.‎ ‎—Here you are.‎ ‎—Here's your change. Thanks for coming.‎ ‎(5) —How much would you like?‎ ‎—Just a little , please.‎ ‎(6) —What would you like for breakfast?‎ ‎—Eggs and milk.‎ ‎(7) — Would you like some more fish?‎ ‎—No, thanks. I'd had enough. /I'm full.‎ ‎(8) —Help yourselves to some soup.‎ ‎—Thank you. It's delicious.‎ ‎(9) —May I have the menu , please?‎ ‎—OK. Here it is.‎ ‎(10) —Here is a table for two. Is it OK?‎ ‎—Sure. We'll take it.‎ ‎2. 建议 Let's go and have a look.‎ What/How about a picnic this Sunday?‎ Why don't you buy a computer?‎ Why not go to a movie?‎ You'd better take a camera.‎ You shouldn't miss Xishuangbanna.‎ ‎3. 时序 What did you do next?‎ Finally we found the lost boy.‎ It rained even harder later on.‎ first , second , third , fourth , finally First ... Second ... Next ...Then ... After that ... Finally...‎ ‎&语法精粹 ‎1. that , if/whether 引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎2. 副词的比较级和最高级。‎ ‎&考点剖析 ‎1. Mm, shall we bave a food festival to raise money for his school? 嗯，我们举办一次美食节来为他的学校筹款好吗?‎ Shall we ...? "我们......好吗?"用来提出建议。如:‎ Shall we meet at the theater? 让我们在剧院见面怎么样?‎ ‎【链接】表示建议还可以用以下句式来表达：‎ ‎(1) Why not do sth. ? = Why don't you/we do sth.?为什么不做某事?如:‎ Why not/don't you go and lie down for a while? 你为什么不去躺一会儿呢?‎ ‎(2) How about/What about... ? 做.......如何?如:‎ How/What about going to the movie tonight? 今晚去看电影怎么样?‎ ‎(3) Let's... 让我们……如:‎ Let's make it 6: 00 tomorrow morning. 我们定在明天早上六点吧。‎ ‎(4) had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事。如:‎ 28‎ It's going to rain. You'd better take your umbrella. 要下雨了，你最好带上雨伞。‎ ‎2. We students will cook many delicious international foods for sale in order to raise money for a village school in Nigeria. 我们学生们将制多可口的国际化的食品进行出售，为尼日利亚的学校募捐。‎ ‎(1) for sale "待售" ; sale 是名词。如:‎ I'm sorry this painting is not for sale. 很抱歉，这幅画是非卖品。‎ ‎【链接】 ①on sale 有售，上市。如:‎ There are some nice apples on sale in that shop.那家商店有些很好的苹果出售。‎ sell 卖，销售; sell 是动词。如:‎ Do you sell stamps? 你们出售邮票吗?‎ ‎②sell 还可以作"被出售，有销路，有人买"‎ 这时，主语通常为物品。如:‎ Ice cream sells best in summer. 冰激凌在夏天销路最好。‎ ‎(2) in order to 为了……，后接动词原形，表示目的。如:‎ We sell newspapers in order to raise money for the poor children. 我们卖报纸是为了给贫困儿童募捐。‎ ‎【链接】 so that 也可连接目的状语，但只能接从句。如:‎ We sell newspapers so that we can raise money for the poor children.‎ ‎3. Next, cut a pear into small pieces. 然后把梨切成小块。‎ cut... into... 把......切成……(小块)‎ ‎【链接】 cut 的用法还有：‎ ‎(1) cut up 切碎，剁碎。如:‎ He cut up the meat on his plate. 他把盘里的肉切碎了。‎ ‎(2) cut off 切断，中断。如:‎ Our water supply has been cut 0旺.我们已断水了。‎ ‎(3) cut hair 理(发)。如:‎ He needs to have his hair cuL It's too long. 他需要理发了。他的头发太长了。‎ ‎(4 )cut down 砍倒，减少，缩短。如:‎ The farmer cut down the tree. 那位农民砍倒了棵树。‎ ‎4. Usually there is a knife and fork for each person. 通常每个人都有一套刀叉。‎ a knife and fork 一套刀叉，如果两个单数名词指同一个人，同一个事物，单一概念或意义是一个整体时，谓语动词要用单数。如:‎ The worker and writer has written a new novel.这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说。‎ ‎5. In parts of India, people use tbeir fingers and bread to pick up tbe food. 在印度的一些地方，人们用手指和面包取食物吃。‎ pick up 意为"拿起，捡起;接某人;搭便车"，如果它的宾语为代词，必须置于up之前;若宾语为名词，放于up之前或之后皆可。如:‎ The phone rang and I picked it up. 电话铃响了，我拿起了话筒。‎ My husband will pick you up. 我丈夫会来接你。‎ ‎【链接】 pick 单独使用，意为"挑选，采摘"。如:‎ She picked the best cake for herself. 她为自己挑了块最好的蛋糕。‎ Look! Jane is picking grapes. 瞧!简在摘葡萄呢。‎ ‎6. We'll try to satisfy all the guests.我们会努力使所有的客人满意。‎ satisfy是及物动词，意为"使……满意"。如:‎ That answer won't satisfy her. 那个答案不会使她满意。‎ ‎【链接】 be satisfied with 意为"对……感到满意"。如:‎ She is satisfied with her son's progress. 她对儿子的进步感到很满意。‎ ‎7. ... and tbe results were wortb the effort. ......而且努力都有了回报。‎ be worth... "值……钱" "有……价值"。 如:‎ Our house is worth ￥200,000. 我们的房子值20万元。‎ The museum is eertainly worth a visiL 这家博物馆的确值得参观。‎ ‎【链接】 sth. be worth doing 某事值得做。如:‎ The idea is worth considering. 这个想法很值得考虑。‎ ‎8. In fact , a good breakfast keeps us strong. 实际上，一顿丰盛的阜餐让我们的身体保持强壮。‎ keep sb. /sth. + adj.意为"让某人/某物保持某种状态"。如:‎ You'd better keep your eyes closed. 你最好闭着眼睛。‎ ‎【链接】 keep的用法还有:‎ ‎(1) keep +形容词 We crowded together to keep warm.‎ 28‎ ‎ 我们挤在一起保暖。‎ ‎(2) keep sb. / sth. + doing sth. 如:‎ I'm sorry to keep you waiting for long. 对不起，让你久等了。‎ ‎(3) keep animals 饲养动物 ‎(4) keep a secret 保守秘密 ‎(5) keep a diary 记日记 ‎(6) keep sb. from sth. "阻止/防止，阻碍某人做某事"。如:‎ His only thought was to keep the children from harm , not himself. ‎ 他一心想着让孩子们免受伤害，没顾及到他自己。‎ ‎(7) keep +物品，意为"保留某物"如:‎ You can keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借两周。‎ ‎9. Tbe more regularly we eat, the healthier we are. 我们饮食越有规律，身体就越健康。‎ the +形容词或副词的比较级+……， the +形容词或副词的比较级+……意为"越……，就越……"。如：‎ The earlier you start , the sooner you will be hack.‎ 你动身越早，就回来得越早。‎ ‎&细比细看 ‎1. real/ true ‎(1) The movie is based on a ________ story.‎ ‎(2) It wasn't a ghost, it was a ________ person.‎ ‎【分析比较】 real指确实存在的、非想象的。主要指实情、实例、实物。(2) 意为"那不是鬼魂，是实实在在的人。"强调确实存在，故填real。‎ true 指与事实相符、真实、非杜撰的。常指故事、爱情、历史等。(1)意为"这部影片以真实的故事为蓝本。"强调真实性，故填true 。‎ ‎2. like/as ‎(1) He has blue eyes ________ me.‎ ‎(2) She enjoys all kinds of music, ________ I do.‎ ‎(3) Repeat these five steps, ________ in the last exerclse.‎ ‎【分析比较】 like和as 都含有"像……一样"之意，但在用法上有一定的区别。like为介词，置于名词和代词前。(1)中的me是代词，故填like。句意是"他和我一样有一双蓝眼睛。"as为连词和副词，置于从句、另一个副词或以介词引导的短语前。(2) 中I do 是个句子，故填as。句意是"她和我一样，什么音乐都喜欢。"(3) 中in the last exercise 是一个介词短语，故填as，句意为"照前面的练习一样，重复这五个步骤。"‎ ‎3. noise/ sound/voice/ sbout ‎(1) The music made me think of the ________ of a runmng stream.‎ ‎(2) I was woken by the ________ of a car passing by.‎ ‎(3) She was in good ________ at the concert tonight.‎ ‎(4) She gave a ________ of joy when her team won the first prize.‎ ‎【分析比较】noise 指"噪音，嘈杂声"。(2)题意为"我被路过的汽车噪音吵醒。" 故填noise。‎ sound 指"各种声音的总称"。 (1)题意为"这首音乐让我想到流淌的溪水声。"故填sound。‎ voice 指"说话声，嗓音"。 (3) 题意为"她在今晚的音乐会上唱得不错。" 故填voice。‎ shout指"大的喊叫声"。 (4) 题意为"她的队伍赢得胜利，她欢呼起来。" 故填shout。‎ ‎4. for example/ such as ‎(1) I like drinks ________ tea and soda.‎ ‎(2) There is a similar word in many languages , ________in French and Italian.‎ ‎【分析比较】for example 意为"例如，譬如"表示举例说明，常用逗号隔开，位置灵活。(2) 题意为"在许多语言中都有相似的词，譬如法语和意大利语"，此处表示举例且有逗号隔开，故填for example。‎ such as 意为"例如……，"表示列举，一般放在列举事物之前。(1)题意为"我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料"，此处表示列举，故填such as。‎ ‎5. hear/ listen/ sound ‎(1) I ________ the news yesterday.‎ ‎(2) He was ________ to the teacher.‎ ‎(3) Your idea ________ a good one.‎ ‎【分析比较】 hear 意为"听见;听说;得知指听觉器官接触到声音，不一定是有意识地听，表示听的结果，是及物动词。(1)题意为"昨天我听到了那个消息表示"昕到",故填heard 。‎ listen 意为"倾听;仔细听"强调有意识地或注意地听，但不一定听到，强调听的过程，是不及物动词，常跟to搭配。(2)题意为"他正在昕老师讲课"后跟to ，故填listening。‎ sound作动词，意为"昕起来……后常跟形容词或名词。(3) 题意为"你的主意听起来不错"，故填sounds。‎ 28‎ ‎6. imagine/ guess/ suppose ‎(1) ________ what I have in my hand.‎ ‎(2) The bell is ringing. Can you ________ who it is?‎ ‎(3) We can hardly ________ a family without love.‎ ‎(4) I can't ________ life without the children now.‎ ‎(5) Let's ________ he is telling a lie.‎ ‎(6) ________ you are a teacher , then how will you explain the thing?‎ ‎【分析比较】 这三个词都有"猜想，料想，想象"的意思，用法不尽相同。‎ imagine 指与事实相离，相反，甚至错误的猜想，也可表示设想的东西没有确定性，只是脑海中的一种印象。(3) 题意为"我们难以想象没有爱的家庭。"(4) 题意为"我现在无法想象没有孩子们的生活。"均填imagine。‎ guess指缺乏依据或资料而凭主观想象的判断(1)题意为"猜猜我手里有什么。"(2) 题意为"门铃响了，你能猜出是谁来了吗?"均填guess。‎ suppose着重用于以试探的方法提出建议或意见，使之被人接受，主要用于口语。(5) 题意为"让我们假设他在撒谎。"(6) 题意为"假设你是个老师，你会如何解释这件事?"，均填suppose。‎ Unit 8‎ ‎&考点词汇 cotton , silk , scarf, jeans , overcoat , handbag , hat , sock , pocket , size , natural , depend , glove , nearly , northern , silver, iron , society , allow , interview , tie , ceiling , soldier , hide , pilot , airport , police , officer , require , traditional , Asian , express , personal , choice , hardly , except , marriage , outside ‎&目标短语 so... that 如此……以至于…‎ be made of 由……制成 feel satisfied with 对……感到满意 depend on 取决于;依靠，相信，依赖 as well as 和……一样(也)‎ catch one's eye 吸引某人的注意，目光;惹人注目 protect ... from 防护……(免受……侵害，侵扰)‎ according to 根据，按照 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 carry out 执行，开展 as for ...至于......‎ stand for 代表 get its name 得名 become known to ...被……所熟知，了解 from then on 从那以后 either ... or ...或者……或者……‎ at one time 曾经，一度 out of style 过时 ‎&重点句型 ‎1. I like it so much that my father bought it for me.‎ ‎2. I want to buy a windbreaker so that I will look more handsome.‎ ‎3. It feels quite soft and smooth.‎ ‎4. It's such a cool windbreaker that you should buy it immediately.‎ ‎5. Could you tell me when you wear your uniforms?‎ ‎6. It's necessary for us to wear sports shoes on the playground.‎ ‎7. It depends on who will design our uniforms.‎ ‎8. It's true that suitable uniforms can show good discipline.‎ ‎9. She asked Kangkang what he was doing.‎ ‎10. Here come another three models.‎ ‎11. He said he was doing his homework.‎ ‎12. Today , hardly anyone wears kimonos except on special occasions like marriages and national celebrations.‎ ‎&功能意念 ‎1.购物 Can/May I help you? / What can I do for you?‎ ‎—I'd like a scarf.‎ ‎—What would you like to buy?‎ ‎—I'd like these cotton pants.‎ ‎—Would you like to try on another pair?‎ ‎—What about the blue one? It's made of natural materials.‎ ‎—What color would you like?‎ ‎—I'd like red.‎ ‎—Perfect!‎ ‎—How many / much would you like?‎ ‎—Two and a half kilos , please.‎ ‎—May I try it/them on?‎ ‎—Sure. /OK. /Certainly.‎ 28‎ That's fine. I'll take it/them.‎ Well , I'll think about it/ them.‎ Sorry , it's too expensive. Just have a look.‎ ‎2. 特征 ‎(1)形状 ‎—What's the shape of your present?‎ ‎—It's round/long/tall/short.‎ It' s a circle/ square.‎ It's a U-shaped road.‎ ‎—What does it look like?‎ ‎—It looks like a camel.‎ ‎(2) 价钱 ‎—How much is it/are they?‎ ‎—It's/They're 80 yuan/dollars.‎ Is it cheap/ expensive?‎ ‎(3) 规格 ‎—What size shoes do you wear?‎ ‎—Size S/M/L.‎ It's too big/small/long/short for me.‎ ‎(4) 材料 What is it made of/from?‎ It's made of/from wood.‎ ‎&语法精粹 ‎1. so that , so... that 引导的状语从句。‎ ‎2. It is + adj. + that 从句和It is + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. 句型。‎ ‎3. 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎&考点剖析 ‎1. My old coats are so short that I want to buy some new ones. 我的旧外套太短了，我想买些新的。‎ so...that.. .意为"如此……以至于…… "。that 引导的是结果状语从句，其结构是so +形容词/副词+that从句。在此结构中当主句的谓语动词为连系动词时，so后面跟形容词;当主句的谓语动词为实义动词时，so后面跟副词。如:‎ He felt so angry that he couldn’t say a word. 他是如此生气，以至于说不出话来。‎ She ran so quickly that we didn't keep up with her. 她跑得太快，我们跟不上。‎ ‎【链接】(1) so. . . that. . .有时可以换成"such + a/an +形容词十名词"句型。如:‎ The book is so interesting that I read it in one breath.‎ ‎= This is so interesting a book that I read it in one breath.‎ ‎= It is such an interesting book that I read it in one breath.‎ 这本书很有趣，我一口气就把它读完了。‎ He made such rapid progress that he soon began to write articles in English. 他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章了。‎ ‎(2) 当名词被many , few , much , little 等修饰时，一般用so ，而不用such。如:‎ I have so much work to do that I have no time to rest. 我工作太多，连休息时间也没有。‎ ‎(3) so that...引导目的状语从句，意为"以便，为了"，在从句中往往使用情态动词。如:‎ He studied hard so that he might get a good job. 他努力学习是为了找到一份好工作。‎ 如果从句前有逗号，且没有情态动词，一般是结果状语从句。如:‎ They started out early , so that they did not miss the train.他们早早就出发了，所以没误火车。‎ ‎2. Excuse me , could you tell me where to buy a scarf? 请问，你能告诉我哪儿能买到围巾吗?‎ ‎"疑问代词/疑问副词+不定式"相当于名词性短语，在句中常作主语、宾语和表语。如:‎ When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。(作主语)‎ The question is how to carry out the plan. 问题是如何实施那项计划。(作表语)‎ I don't know whether to accept it or not. 我不知是否要接受它。(作宾语)‎ 这种结构可以和宾语从句互相转换。如:‎ I don't know what to do. = I don't know what I should do. 我不知道该做什么。‎ ‎3. It's made of natural materials. 它是由料制成的。‎ be made of +原材料，意为"由......制成，of后面的原材料可以从产品中看出来。如:‎ The table is made of wood. 这桌子是由木头制成的。‎ ‎【链接】(1) be made from +原材料，意为"由……制成"，from 后的原材料从产品中看不出来。如：‎ Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材制成的。‎ ‎(2) be made in +地点，意为"在…制造"。如:‎ The watch was made in Shanghai. 那块手表是在上海制造的。‎ ‎4. I think our school should allow us to design our 28‎ ‎ own uniforms. 我认为学校应允许我们自己设计校服。‎ allow允许，默许。常见用法有：allow sb. to do sth.和allow doing sth.。 如:‎ Her parents won't allow her to stay out late. 她的父母不允许她在外面待到很晚。‎ We don't allow smoking in the hall. 大厅内不准吸烟。‎ ‎【链接】let sb. do sth. let 后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，且let不用于被动语态。如:‎ My father won't let me go out tonight. = I won’t be allowed to go out by my father tonight. 今晚父亲不会让我出去。‎ ‎5. It's true that suitable uniforms can show good discipline. 得体的制服的确能显示出良好的风气。‎ 本句型为It's +形容词十that从句，it 是形式主语真正主语是由that引导的从句，若that从句放在句首，显得太长，为避免头重脚轻，英语中常用it作形式主语来代替真正的主语。‎ ‎【链接】 类似的用法还有：It’s necessary/ important/ interesting/ well know/ possible/ wonderful/easy + that从句，意为“......是必要的/重要的/有趣的/总所周知的/可能的/极好的/容易的......”。如：‎ It's necessary that we should drink enough water. 我们多喝水是很有必要的。‎ ‎6. Could you tell me when you wear your uniforms? 你能告诉我你们什么时候穿制服吗?‎ when 引导宾语从句，译为"何时，什么时候"；引导时间状语从句，译为"当……时"。试比较:‎ Jack was having lunch when his father had an accident.父亲出事时，杰克正在吃晚饭。(when引导时间状语从句)‎ I want to know when it will get fine. 我很想知道天气什么时候会转好。(when 引导宾语从句)‎ ‎【链接】(1)宾语从句按连词的不同可分为三种。①以连词that 引导的。②以连词if 或whether引导的。③以连接代词who ， whom , whose , what , which 和连接副词when , where , why , how 引导的。‎ ‎(2) if 或whether引导宾语从句，译为"是否"；引导条件状语从句，译为"假如。‎ 如:I wonder if he told a lie. 我怀疑他是否说了谎。(宾语从句)‎ I won't let you go if you don't tell me the truth. 如果你不说实话，我不会让你去的。(状语从句)‎ 注意:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句应用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:‎ If it doesn't rain tomorrow , we'll go camping. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去野营。‎ I'll call you as soon as Jack arrives tomorrow. 杰克明天一到，我就给你打电话。‎ ‎7. Firefighters wear special coats and helmets to protect themselves from heat and falling ceilings. 消防队员穿特制的外套并戴头盔是为了防止高温和坍塌的天花板伤害他们。‎ ‎(1) protect 是及物动词，后接名词或代词，意为"保护，防护"。如:‎ He will protect you when you are in danger. 当你遇到危险的时候，他会保护你。‎ ‎(2) protect sb./sth. from... 意为"保护某人/某物不受……的危害"。如:‎ I will protect you from all around you. 我会保护你不受周围的一切伤害。‎ ‎8. Today people can design the τang costume as either formal or casual clothes. 现在人们既可以把唐装设计成正装，也可以设计成休闲装。‎ either … or …连词，表示选择关系，意为"要么……要么……不是……就是……"。如:‎ Here is only one ticket. Either you or he has to stay at home. 这儿只有一张票，不是你就是他必须待在家里。‎ ‎【链接】(1) either 可作代词，指"两者中的任何一个"。如:‎ There are trees on either side of the street.街道两边都有树。‎ Either of them is OK. (两者中)哪一个都行。‎ ‎(2) either 也作副词，表示"也"的意思。用于否定句的句尾。如:‎ You don’t know him. I don't know , either.你不认识他。我也不认识。‎ ‎(3) neither. .. nor...连词"既不……，也不……"，用于两者的否定。‎ 如: Neither my father nor mv mother has been to the Great Wall 我父母都没去过长城。‎ ‎(4) not only... but also..."不但……，而且……"，用于肯定两者。如：‎ The dictionary is not only a tool but also a good teacher.这本字典不仅是个工具而且是个好老师。‎ 上面三个关联连词与所连接的名词(代词)作主语时，谓语的数应采用就近原则:即由第二个连词后的名词来决定谓语数的形式。‎ ‎(5) neither 28‎ ‎ 作代词和副词，意为"两者都不"。如:‎ Neither of us is wrong. 我们俩都没错。‎ She doesn't like skating , neither do I.她不喜欢滑冰，我也不喜欢。‎ ‎&细比细看 ‎1. hard/hardly ‎(1) The wood is quite ________.‎ ‎(2) It is ________ to believe that she's only six.‎ ‎(3) It's ________ work. We mustwork ________ at it.‎ ‎(4) The old man is too old. He can ________ walk.‎ ‎【分析比较】hard 作形容词，意为"坚硬的，为难的，困难的，费力的"。 (1)题意为"木材材质十分坚硬"，填hard。 (2)题意为"难以置信她才六岁"，填hard。 (3) 中第一空"它是件费力的活"。故填hard 。‎ hard 作副词，意为"努力地"。常用短语有work hard at。 (3) 题第二空填hard。‎ hardly 作副词，意为"几乎不"，和hard无关。本身具有否定含义。(4) 意为"那个老人年事已高。几乎连路都不能走了。"故填hardly。‎ ‎2. besides/ except/beside ‎(1) There are over fifty minorities in China ________ the Han.‎ ‎(2) We work everyday ________ Sunday. On Sunday we have a rest.‎ ‎(3) He came in and stood ________ me.‎ ‎【分析比较】besides , except 两者都意为"除了……之外"。‎ besides 指整体中包括这部分。(1)题意为"中国除了汉族之外，还有五十多个少数民族。",故填besides。‎ except 指从整体中除掉一部分。(2) 题意为"除了星期天，我们每天都工作。",故填except。‎ beside 意为"在旁边"。 (3) 题意为"他进来站在我旁边"。故填beside。‎ ‎3. hardly/ almost/ nearly ‎(1) —Dinner is ________ ready.‎ ‎—I'm coming , mom.‎ ‎(2) ________ no one believed her. = ________ anyone believed her.‎ ‎【分析比较】 almost 作为副词，通常与动词、副词、形容词、名词连用，通常可以与nearly 通用，程度上比nearly 更接近。故(1)填almost/nearly。当almost作为副词与no , none , nothing , never 连用时，不可以与nearly 通用。(2)的第一句故只能填Almost。hardly 意为"几乎不"，表示否定。(2)的第二句填Hardly。‎ ‎4. 构词法一览 manage 经营(动词)——manager 经理(名词)‎ advise 劝告(动词)——advice 劝告(名词)‎ choose 选择(动词)——choice 选择(名词)‎ say 说(动词)——saying 俗语(名词)‎ sell 卖(动词)——sale 出售(名词)‎ serve 服务(动词)——server 侍者(名词)‎ marry 结婚(动词)——marriage (婚姻)(名词)‎ nature 自然(名词)——natural 自然的(形容词)‎ person 人(名词)——personal 个人的(形容词)‎ tradition 传统(名词)——traditional 传统的(形容词)‎ 28‎