考点12非谓语动词中考英语语法考点纵览

考点12非谓语动词中考英语语法考点纵览

中考英语语法考点纵览 12——非谓语动词 一、 非谓语动词概述 1、 非谓语动词的概念：动词按照在句中作不作谓语，可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词，非谓语动词在句中不可以充当谓语，但是可以充当除谓语以外的其它句子成分。‎ 2、 非谓语动词的使用条件：在一个单句中，如果已经存在一个谓语动词，而且在没有连词的情况下，需要使用其它动词时，用非谓语动词的形式。‎ 3、 非谓语动词的分类：动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done）‎ 二、非谓语动词考点纵览 考点一：‎ 不定式的用法 考点1：不定式作主语。‎ 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式放在后面。‎ 典型例题 1‎ ‎______ English is not easy ___us.‎ A. Speak; for B. Speaking; to C. To speak; for D. To speak; to ‎ 答案：C（不定式用作主语，表示做某事对某人来说怎们样）‎ 典型例题 2‎ It is very important ___ us ______ breakfast.‎ A. for; having B. to; to have C. for; have D. for; to have 答案：D（此题考查句型It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.）‎ 典型题 3‎ It is very kind ___ you ______us.‎ A. for; helping B. for; to help C. of; helping D. of; to help 答案：D（此题考查句型It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.）‎ 考点2：不定式作宾语。‎ ‎① 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词多表示打算或者希望，如would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。‎ 典型例题 1‎ Would you like ______the movie this evening?‎ A. to see B. seeing C. see D. sees 答案：A（would like to do sth.表示“想要做某事”）‎ 典型例题 2‎ He wants ______(travel) around the world.‎ 答案：to travel（want后接动词不定式作宾语）‎ 典型例题 3‎ We decide _____(plan) for our summer holiday.‎ 答案：to plan（decide后接动词不定式作宾语）‎ ‎② 在动词find、think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面。‎ 典型例题 1‎ I find it easy__________ English every day.‎ A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads 答案：B（此题考查it作形式主语的用法：find+it+adj.+to do sth.）‎ 典型例题 2‎ He finds it hard ________(catch up with) his classmates.‎ 答案：to catch up with（此题考查it作形式主语的用法：find+it+adj.+to do sth.）‎ 典型例题 3‎ I think ______ important ______ early.‎ A. it; sleeping B. it; to sleep C. that; sleeping D. it; sleeps 答案：B（此题考查it作形式主语的用法：think+it+adj.+to do sth.）‎ 考点3：不定式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎① 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。‎ Tom asked him to turn off the radio. 汤姆要他关掉录音机。‎ I want my father to buy a kite for me. 我想要我爸爸给我买个风筝。‎ The teacher warned the students not to cheat in the exam. 老师警告学生不要考试作弊。‎ ‎② 使役动词和感官类动词用不定式作宾补时，不定式要省略to。这样的动词有：make, let, see, watch, hear, notice等。‎ My mother lets me cook the dinner. 妈妈让我烧饭。‎ I often see the old man take a walk in the park. 我经常看到这个老人在公园里散步。‎ Can you hear someone sing in the next room? 你能听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌吗？‎ 考点4：不定式作表语。‎ 不定式作表语说明主语的特征和属性。‎ My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。‎ Her dream is to become a scientist. 她的梦想是成为一个科学家。‎ Our goal is to win the game. 我们的目标是赢得比赛。‎ 考点5：不定式作定语。‎ 不定式作定语时，应放在名词后面，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不定式不及动词，且与被修饰词之间有动宾关系时，要在不定式后面加上适当的介词。‎ I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多家庭作业要做。‎ There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么好担心的。‎ We are looking for a hotel to live in.我们正在找一个宾馆住下。‎ 考点6：不定式作状语。‎ 不定式作状语，表示目的，意为“为了……”。‎ 典型例题 1‎ I come here__________ my grandparents.‎ A. visiting B. to visit C. visited D. visits 答案：B（这里动词不定式to visit my grandparents用作目的状语）‎ 典型例题 2‎ ‎ , he works hard.‎ A. To live well B. Living well C. Lives well D. Lived well 答案：A（这里动词不定式to live well用作目的状语）‎ 考点7：不定式常与特殊疑问词what，which，when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。‎ 典型例题 1‎ I don’t know the museum.‎ A. how can I get to B. how get to C. how to get to D. how to get 答案：C（此题考查特殊疑问词+不定式的用法）‎ 典型例题 2‎ The teacher is telling the students .‎ A. what to do B. what to do it C. what can they do D. what doing 答案：A（此题考查特殊疑问词+不定式的用法）‎ 典型例题 3‎ They haven’t decided tomorrow morning.‎ A. when set off B. when to set off C. when setting off D. when sets off 答案：B（此题考查特殊疑问词+不定式的用法）‎ 考点二：‎ 动名词的用法 考点1：动名词作主语。‎ 动名词作主语多表示习惯性动作，谓语动词用单数。‎ Collecting stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他的爱好。‎ Eating too much is bad for health. 吃太多对你的健康有害。‎ Speaking loudly in the reading room is not allowed. 在阅览室里大声说话是不允许的。‎ 考点2：动名词作宾语。‎ 动名词作宾语放在某些动词后边以及介词后面，表示一般的习惯或经常性的动作。常见的这类动词有：finish, enjoy, mind, imagine, miss, spend, keep, practice, allow, advise, feel like, have fun等。‎ I have finished doing my homework. 我已经做完作业了。‎ Do you mind opening the window for us? 你介意帮我们打开窗户吗？‎ The children feel like drinking some water. 孩子们想喝点水。‎ What about going swimming in the afternoon? 下午去游泳怎么样啊？‎ 考点3：动名词作表语。‎ Her job is teaching English. 她的工作是教英语。‎ My hobby is lying on the bed and watching TV. 我的爱好是躺在床上看电视。‎ 考点4：动名词作定语。‎ 动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途、作用等。‎ a swimming pool 游泳池 the reading room 阅览室 teaching methods 教学方法 考点5：某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别。‎ ‎① stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事 He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息了会。‎ Let’s stop talking. 让我们停止谈话。‎ ‎② forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）‎ forget doing 忘记做某事（已做）‎ Don’t forget to turn off the light. 不要忘记关灯。‎ He forgot locking the door. 他忘记把门已经锁了。‎ ‎③ remember to do 记得要去做某事（未做）‎ remember doing 记得做过某事（已做）‎ Remember to hand in your homework. 记得交作业。‎ Don’t you remember seeing the person before? 你不记得以前见过这个人吗？‎ ‎④ regret to do 对要做的事表示遗憾（未做）‎ regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾（已做）‎ I regret to tell you that I have failed in the exam. 我很后悔告诉你我考试没过。‎ The lady doesn’t regret marrying the man. 这个女的不后悔嫁给这个男的。‎ ‎⑤ try to do 设法或努力做某事 try doing 尝试做某事 We must try to be more careful. 我们必须多加小心。‎ He is trying opening the door. 他正在尝试打开门。‎ ‎⑥ mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事 I mean to buy a car, but I have no money. 我打算买俩车，但是我没钱。‎ Doing that means wasting time. 那样做意味着浪费时间。‎ ‎⑦ go on to do 放下手头的事继续做别的事 go on doing 继续做原来的事 We got up and went on to have breakfast. 我们起床后，接着吃早饭。‎ He didn’t have a rest and went on working. 他没有休息，继续工作着。‎ 考点三：‎ 分词的用法 考点1：分词的分类及用法。‎ ‎① 分词分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由“动词+ing”构成。过去分词由“动词+ed”构成，但也有不规则变化。‎ ‎② 现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。‎ 考点2：分词作定语。‎ 典型例题 1‎ Do you know the girl under the tree?‎ A. standing B. stands C. stand D. stood 答案：A（此处现在分词短语standing under the tree用作定语）‎ 典型例题 2‎ I bought a table .‎ A. making of wood B. made of wood ‎ C. makes of wood D. make of wood 答案：B（此处过去分词短语made of wood用作定语）‎ 典型例题 3‎ This is a book from the library.‎ A. borrowing B. borrows C. borrow D. borrowed 答案：D（此处过去分词短语borrowed from the library用作定语）‎ 考点3：分词作表语。‎ 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征，过去分词表示某种状态。‎ 典型例题 1‎ That film is very .‎ A. interesting B. interest C. interested D. interests 答案：A（interesting表示“有趣的”，强调某个物体很有趣）‎ 典型例题 2‎ Tom felt when he saw a snake.‎ A. frightened B. frightening C. frighten D. frightens 答案：A（frightened表示“感到害怕的”，强调某个人感到害怕）‎ 典型例题 3‎ They got after they heard the good news.‎ A. excite B. excites C. excited D. exciting 答案：C（excited表示“感到兴奋的”，强调某人感到兴奋）‎ 考点4：分词作状语。‎ 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句主语；过去分词作状语时，其逻辑宾语是主句主语。‎ 典型例题 1‎ The students went out of the classroom, .‎ A. laughing and sing B. laughing and singing ‎ C. laughed and sung D. laughing and sung 答案：B（此处现在分词laughing and singing表示伴随状况，作伴随状语）‎ 典型例题 2‎ ‎ , the village is beautiful.‎ A. Seeing from the mountain B. Seen from the mountain ‎ C. See from the mountain D. Sees from the mountain 答案：B（此处过去分词短语seen from the mountain用来作状语）‎ 典型例题 3‎ ‎ , he jumped up.‎ A. Hearing this B. Hear this C. Hears this D. Heard this 答案：A（此处现在分词短语hearing this用来作状语）‎ 三、 巩固训练 ‎(2013●淮安市)1. At times, parents find it difficult ________ with their teenage children. ‎ A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk ‎(2014●淮安市)2. --- What else should we pay attention to _______ building the bridge?‎ ‎---The change of the weather, I think..‎ ‎ A. finish B. finished C. to finish D. finishing ‎(2016●淮安市)3.______ great fun Andrew has ______ DIY in the art room with his classmates!‎ A. What; doing B. What; done C. How; doing D. How; done ‎(2013●南京市)4. ---Why are you so excited today?‎ ‎ ---We were told _________ a picnic this weekend.‎ A. have B. to have C. having D. had ‎(2014●南通市)5. Why have you stopped_______, Kitty? The singing competition is coming up soon! ‎ ‎ A.to practice to sing B.to practice singing ‎ C.practicing to sing D.practicing singing ‎(2015●南通市)6.This sign is used tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo.‎ ‎ A.to warn B.to warning C.to make D.to making ‎(2016●南通市)7.The couple will be away for a while and they need someone the baby.‎ ‎ A.look after B.looking after C.looked after D.to look after ‎ ‎(2014●苏州市)8.The driver wanted________his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.‎ ‎ A.park B.parked C.to park D.parking ‎(2015●苏州市)9. I was tired out, so I stopped the car a short rest. ‎ A. have B. having C. to have D. had ‎(2016●泰州市)10. ---Mr Ling, I have some difficulty the article.‎ ‎ ---Remember it three or four times at least.‎ A. to understand; reading B. understanding; reading ‎ C. understanding; to read D. to understand; to read ‎(2013•无锡市)11. Don't throw away the waste paper. It needs__________so that it can be reused. ‎ A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collecting ‎(2013•宿迁市)12.It's dangerous a close look at the tiger in the zoo.‎ A. for us taking B. of us to take C. of us taking D. for us to take ‎(2013•宿迁市)13.At present, lots of people would rather in the country because there is pollution in the city.‎ A. live; more B. to live; less C. live; less D. to live; more ‎(2015•宿迁市)14. I heard Tom ________ when I walked past his room yesterday.‎ ‎ A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. sang ‎(2012•徐州市)15.I'm sleepy. I prefer __________ at home to going out for a walk.‎ A. sleeping B. to sleep C. slept D. sleep ‎(2014•徐州市)16. It was dark outside. Sue decided to the bank alone.‎ ‎ A. not going B. going not C. not to go D. to not go ‎(2016•徐州市)17.David said that the glass was broken and warned me __________ it.‎ A. don't touch B. to not touch C. not to touch D. no touching ‎(2016•盐城市)18. We must do everything we can ______waste water from running into rivers .‎ ‎ A. prevent B. prevented C. preventing D. to prevent ‎(2013•扬州市)19.---What are you going to do when you grow up? ‎ ‎---A singer, but my parents wish me _________ a teacher.‎ A. am B. to be C. will be D. be ‎(2014•扬州市)20 --- Some children can't afford ________ necessary stationary.‎ ‎ --- Let's donate our pocket money to them.‎ ‎ A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. be bought ‎(2015•扬州市)21. ---What should we take when going birdwatching?‎ ‎---We should take a pair of binoculars ____________the birds clearly.‎ A. see B.seeing C.to see D.sees ‎(2013•镇江市)22. He ______ dinner at restaurants last year, but now he usually comes tack home after work and cooks supper for his family.‎ ‎ A. used to have B. is used to have C. was used to have D. is used to having ‎(2014•镇江市)23. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money poor young girls return to school.‎ ‎ A. to save B. saving C. helping D. to help ‎(2015•镇江市) 24. ---Does your aunt only have a piece of bread for supper?‎ ‎ ---Yes. She eats a little .She looks slimmer than before.‎ ‎ A. to save money B. to lose weight C. saving money D. losing weight ‎(2016•镇江市)25. Our country encourages more students football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.‎ ‎ A. play B. playing C. to play D. will play 答案解析 ‎1.选D。此题考查find+it+adj.+to do sth.的用法，这里it是形式宾语，代替真正的宾语动词不定式。‎ ‎2.选C。此处动词不定式to finish building the bridge用作目的状语。‎ ‎3.选A。have fun doing sth.表示“开心做某事”。‎ ‎4.选B。tell sb. to do sth.表示“告诉某人做某事”，被动形式为be told to do sth.。‎ ‎11.选D。need collecting相当于need to be collected，表示“需要被收集”。‎ ‎12.选D。此题考查句型：It's+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.。‎ ‎13.选C。第一空考查would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”，第二空表示“农村有更少的污染”。‎ ‎14.选B。hear sb. doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事”。‎ ‎15.选A。prefer doing sth. to doing sth.表示“同做某事比起来更喜欢做某事”。‎ ‎16.选C。decide not to do sth.表示“决定不做某事”。‎ ‎17.选C。warn sb. not to do sth.表示“警告某人不要做某事”。‎ ‎18.选D。此处动词不定式to prevent waste water from running into rivers用作目的状语。‎ ‎19.选B。wish sb. to do sth.表示“希望某人做某事”。‎