高中英语句型归纳

高中英语句型归纳

高中英语句型归纳1.bedoing/beabouttodo/haddone…,when…(when：这时,强调一个动作的突然发生)1).Iwaswalkingalongtheriver,whenIheardadrowningboycryforhelp.2).Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.3).Ihadjustfinishedmytestpaperwhenthebellrang,announcingtheexamwasover.2.Itwas(not)+时间段+before+一般过去时     过了一段时间就…….. Itwill(not)be+时间段+before+一般现在时    要过一段时间才会… Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since….. Itwas+点时间+when….. Itwas+时间状语+that…..（强调句）1).Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.不久他就意识到他处境危险（动作已发生）2).Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromtheschool. 还有半年你才从这个学校毕业（动作未发生）3).Itis3yearssinceheworkedhere.=helefthere.（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）4).Itwas3o’clockwhentheyreceivedthetelephone.5) Itwasat3o’clockthattheyreceivedthetelephone.3.no比较级than:        A与B都不………  /仅仅，只有 not比较级than:        A不如B  / 不超过，至多 more………than………  与其….倒不如……(=notas/so……..as……) morethan=notonly      不仅仅…….. 1).HeworksnoharderthanI.他和我都不用功\n 2).Hedoesn’tworkharderthanI.他不如我用功 3).Therearenomorethansevenpeopleintheroom. 屋里仅有七个人4).Therearenotmorethansevenpeopleintheroom. 屋里至多有七个人5).Heismorediligentthanclever. 与其说他聪明，倒不如说他勤奋àHeisnotas/socleverasdiligent.6)Itismorelikeameetingthanlikeaparty.-->Itisnotasapartyasameeting7).Mr.Zhangismorethanmyteacher,heisalsomybestfriend.张先生不仅仅是我的老师，他还是我的朋友4.once…..一旦…..,表示时间和条件1)Onceyouunderstandwhattheteacherexplained,youwillhavenodifficultydoingthework.2).Onceyouhavedecidedtodosomething,youshouldfinishitanddoitwell.5.The+比较级…….，the+比较级……..越……,越…… 1)Themorebooksyouread,themoreknowledgeyouwillget. 2)Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.6.asif/asthough…..（表示与事实相反，用虚拟；若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事实，则用陈述语气）1).Hewasingreattrouble,butheactedasifnothinghadhappened. 2).Althoughtheyjustmetforthefirsttime,theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears 3).Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.7.n./adj./ adv./ v.+as/though+主语+谓语，……尽管……,…….引导让步状语从句 1).Childasheis,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow. 2).Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.\n 3).MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreewithhisidea.8.whether….or…. 无论是….还是….1).Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad,theywillsetoffastheyplanned. 2).Anyperson,whetheryoungorold,hashisownworth.9.疑问词+ever=nomatter+疑问词,引导让步状语从句或名词性从句 1).Whichever(=Nomatterwhich)youlike,youcantakeitaway .(让步状语从句)   Youcantakeawaywhichever(=anyonethat)youlike   (名词性从句)2).Wheneveryoucomes,youwillbewelcome.(让步状语从句)3).Whateverhappens,Iwillsupportyou.(让步状语从句)4).Whoeverbreaksthelaw,hewillcertainlybepunished.(让步状语从句) àWhoeverbreaksthelawwillcertainlybepunished.(名词性从句)5).Howevergreatthedifficultyis,wecanovercomeit.(让步状语从句)10.if/aslongas/solongas/providingthat/providedthat/supposingthat/onconditionthat 假如….. 1).Iwilllendyoumoneyonconditionthatyoucanreturnitwithin3months.11.giventhat/consideringthat考虑到…..,鉴于…… 1).Givenherinterestinchildren/Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher. 2).Consideringhisageandhisexperience,hehasdonewell.12.incasethat/incaseof…..    万一…..,以防….. 1).Incaseoffire,pleasedial119atonce. 2).IncasethatJohncomes/Johnshouldcome,tellhimtowait.13.祈使句+or/otherwise+结果句 或  祈使句+and+结果句 1).Stopdoingsuchfoolishthing,oryouwillbepunishedintime. 2).Moreeffort,andtheproblemwouldhavebeensettled.\n 3).Thinkitover,andyouwillfindtheanswer.14.so/such……..that…….引导结果状语从句时须注意[1]当名词前many,much,little,few有修饰时,用so不用such因为此时的中心词不再是名词，而是many,much,little,few这些表示数量的词。 1).Thewesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarthattheyputonweighteasily. 2).Therearesofewfishinthelakethatwecouldn’tfishthemeasily.[2] 当名词是单数可数名词，前面又由adj.修饰时，注意冠词的位置，即so+adj+a(n)+n或such+a(n)+adj.+n 1).Heissuchanhonestperson/sohonestapersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyouareintrouble.[3] 当so/such引导的部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构 1).Suchgreatprogresshashemadeinhisstudiesthatwealladmirehim.[4]  当主从句主语一致时可与动词不定式相互转换,即变成so/such…….astodo结构。 1).Thewesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarastoputonweighteasily.15.sothat引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句[1] sothat引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用（=inorderthat），当主从句主语一致时可转换为soastodo/inordertodo. 1).Heturneduptheradioalittlesothathecouldhearthenewsclearly.   Heturneduptheradioalittlesoastohearthenewsclearly.2).Heclosedallthewindowswhiledrivingsothatheshouldn’tcatchcold.(否定句中情态动词用shouldn’t)[2] sothat引导结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用 1).Heturneduptheradioalittlesothatheheardthenewsclearly.\n16.cannever/can’t与too,toomuch,enough,over-搭配表示“无论怎样….都不过分” 1).Whileyouaredoingyourhomework,youcan’tbecarefulenough. 2).Heissuchagreatmanthatwecan’tpraisehimtoomuch. 3).WilliamHartleywashandsome,determinedandhardworking,inaword,Icouldn’tspeaktoohighlyofhim. 4).ThedevelopmentofsocietyhasmadeitnecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish,sowecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish. 5).Sinceitisagoodthing,wecan’tdoittoosoon.17.不定式作主语，it作形势主语：   It+系动词+adj./n..+forsb.todo (forsb.表示动词不定式动作的执行者)   It+系动词+adj.+ofsb.todo （ofsb.既表示动词不定式动作的执行者有表示人所具备的性质或特征）1).It’simportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.2).Howrudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat!3).It’sthoughtfulofhimtofixusupforthenight.18.不定式作宾语，it作形势宾语： 主语+think/consider/believe/make/feel+it+adj./n.+forsb./ofsb.+todo 1).Ifeelitfoolishofhimtobelievesuchaman. 2).Thetimelyrainhadmadeitpossibleforthecropstogrowwell.19.won’t/can’thavesb.doing/done不能容忍某行为发生 1).Youaretoorude,andIwon’thaveyouspeakingtoMotherlikethatagain. 2).Wecan’thaveanythingdoneagainsttheschoolrules.20.Itissaid/thought/hoped/believed…..that……\n  Sb.issaid/thought/hoped/believedtodo….. 1).Itissaidthatheisstudyingabroad.-->Heissaidtobestudyingabroad. 2).ItisconsideredthatmanycountrieshighlyvalueChina’sroleinhelpingworld’speace.  àManycountriesisconsideredtohighlyvalueChina’sroleinhelpingworld’speace.21.表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图[1] hadhopedtodo=hopedtohavedone.。类似的词还有：expect,think,intend,design,plan,mean,suppose等[2] wouldlike/prefer/lovetohavedone[3] was/weetohavedone[4] was/weresupposedtohavedone1).---Didyougotoseethefilm“Titanic”lastnight?---I’dliketohave,butIhadanunexpectedguest.2).Theplanewastohavetakeoffat7thismorning,butwasheldupbytheheavyfog.22.Howdidsbcometodo…..?=Howcomethat….为什么会…../……是怎么回事？表示要求对所发生的事情说明理由或做出解释 1).Howdidyoucometofindoutwhereshe’sliving?=Howcomethatyoufoundout….  你是怎么打听到她住在哪儿的? 2).Howcomethatyousatthere,doingnothing?为什么坐在那儿什么也不干? 3).Howdidhecometobesofoolish?23.Itis(not)likesb.todo…..    ….（.不）像某人的所作所为\n1).It’slikehimtoanswerforwhathehasdone.敢对自己的行为负责，这是他的一贯作风2).It’snotlikehimtohavebeensorudetohismother.24.whenitcomesto…..   当谈到或涉及到…… 1).Heisamanoffewwords,butwhenitcomestoplayingcomputer,hewillbeexcitedandfullofenergy. 2).Whenitcomestohelpinghiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevercomplains.25.everytime/eachtime/nexttime/thefirsttime/anytime等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每当…..,每次…..,下次…..” 1).Everytimeyoumeetwithnewwordswhilereading,don’talwaysrefertoyourdictionary.  àWhenyoumeetwithnewwordseverytime….. 2)Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere. 3)Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.26.Thereis(no)needtodo…../for….-àItis(not)necessaryforsb.todo….  Thereis(no)hope/chance/possibilityofdoing….  Thereis(no)difficulty/trouble/point/delay(in)doing 1).Isthereanychanceofus/ourwinningthematch? 2).Thereisnopointindiscussingtheproblemagain.27.Itisuptosb.todosth. 应由某人来做某事…….. 1)---Whenshallwestartout?   ---It’suptoyoutodecide. 2).It’suptoyoutobabysitmysowhileIamawayonbusiness.28.beuptosth. 忙于…..,从事…….,胜任….. 1).Johnisn’treallyuptothatjob.约翰不适合干那项工作 2).Whathaveyoubeenuptorecently?最近你一直在忙些什么\n29.Itistimetodo/Itistimethat+主语+动词的一般过去式   该是做…..的时候了 Itistimethatweendedthediscussion.30.it强调句：[1] 基本构成形式：Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分e.g.:Imethiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.     ItwasIwho/thatmethiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调是我，不是别人)     Itwashimwho/thatImetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调我遇见的是他，不是别人)     ItwasinthestreetthatImethimyesterdayafternoon.(强调是在大街上，不是在别的地方，强调的是地点，但不用where)     ItwasyesterdayafternoonthatImethiminthestreet(强调是昨天下午，不是在别的时候,强调的是时间，但不用when)[2]  强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分[3] 强调句的特殊疑问句：What/When/Where/Who/How……is/wasit+who/that+原句剩余部分1).Whowasitthat/whoyoumetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon?   Tellmewhoitwasthat/whoyoumetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon?31.do,did,does用于强调谓语动词，加强语气1).Heisagoodstudent.-->Hedoesbeagoodstudent2).Hehelpedusyesterday.àHedidhelpusyesterday.3).Becareful!àDobecareful!32.Therebe句型：[1] therebe之后如有几个并列主语，be动词的选择要取决于第一个主语，即就近原则。\n 1).Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.-->Therearetwobooksandapenonthedesk.[2] Therebe句型中，be动词还有其他变化形式，常见的有：Thereseemtobe,Therehappentobe,Thereusedtobe,Thereislikelytobe,Therehavebeen/hasbeen等 1).Thereseems/appearstobemuchhopeofourteamwinningthematch. 2).TherehappenedtobenobodyintheroomwhenIcamein. 3).Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyhometownsince1978. 4).Thereusedtobeabusstationatthecornerofthestreet. 5).Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpectedwhilewearecarryingouttheplan.[3] Therebe句型的独立主格结构作状语：（有连词，用句子，没有连词，用独立结构） 1).Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.   =Becausetherewerenobuses,wehadtowalkhome. 2).Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thecropsinthefielddied.   =Becausetherehadbeennorainforalongtime,thecropsinthefielddied.[4] Therebe句型的非谓语形式： 1).Idon’twanttheretobeanymisunderstandingbetweenus. 2).Weexpecttheretobeachanceofstudyingabroad. 3).Itisusualfortheretobeagenerationgapbetweenparentsandchildren.33.not/never…….until  直到…..才 1).Thevillagersdidn’trealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver.\n àItwasnotuntilallthefishdiedintheriverthatthevillagersrealizedhowseriousthepollutionwas.(强调句) àNotuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.（倒装句）34.notonly…..but(also)…..[1] 引导并列结构：主语时，谓语动词与邻近的一个主语保持一致。 1).Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentshavetheireyesexaminedregularly.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherhashiseyesexaminedregularly. 2).Theysuggestedweshouldnotonlyattendtheparty,butgiveaperformance.    Theysuggestedweshouldgiveaperformanceaswellasattendtheparty[2] notonly…..but(also)…..引导并列句时，notonly引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装 1).Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenaway,butalsohisGermancitizenshipwastakenaway. 2).Notonlyshouldwestudentsstudyhard,butalsoweshouldknowhowtoenjoyourselvesinoursparetime.35.prefertodoAratherthandoB…（两者相比）愿意干A而不愿意干B  ==wouldratherdoAthandoB 1).Iprefertostayathomeratherthangototheparkinsuchweather. 2).Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefertorideabicycle.36.wouldrather+从句（从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望；从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的愿望） 1).I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightnow.我想让你现在就把信寄出去。 2).---Afriendofyourswillcometoseeyoutoday.你的一位朋友今天要来看你。    ---I’dratherhecameheretomorrow.我倒情愿他明天来。\n 3).I’dratheryouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcase,wecouldspendmoretimetogether.我倒情愿你不是什么名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。 4).I’dratherIhadn’tseenheryesterday.我情愿昨天没见到她。37.不能用wouldrathersb.do（更愿让某人干某事）的形式，可转化为wouldratherhavesbdo或转化为wouldrather+从句  1).Whowouldyourather_____withtheteacherabouttheproblem?   A.talking  B.talk    C.havetalked   D.havetalk  答案：D38.so,neither/nor引导得倒装句[1] 表示“另一者也如如此”及前者的情况也适用于后者，用so,neither/nor引导得倒装句，助动词的选择依据前一句的谓语动词。 1).Hehasfinishedhishomework,sohaveI. 2).Mysisterpreferscoffee,sodoI. 3).Johncan’trideabicycle,neither/norcanI. 4).Ifhebuysthebook,sowillhisclassmates.[2] 若前句的谓语动词既有肯定又有否定形式时，或谓语动词不属于一类时，用Itis/wasthesamewithsb.或Soitis/waswithsb. 1).Heisaworkerandheworkshard,soitiswithJohn.[3] 若后一句是对前一句所说的内容表示赞同或认可，则主语和谓语不倒装。 1).---Itiscoldtoday.          ---Yes.Soitis 2).---HevisitedTokyolastweek.    ---Yes.Sohedid.39.倍数表达法：[1]  A+谓语+倍数+the+n.(size/height/length……)+ofB[2] A+谓语+倍数+as+abj.+asB[3] A+谓语+倍数+adj.比较级+thanBàA+谓语+adj.比较级+thanB+by+倍数1).Thissquareistwicethesizeofthatone.\n   Thissquareistwiceaslargeasthatone.   Thissquareisoncelargerthanthatone.2).Thisfactoryproducedthreetimesasmanycarsastheydid10yearsago.3).Heis3yearsolderthanI-àHeisolderthanIby3years40.sb.spendmoney/timeonsth./indoingsth  sb.paymoney(tosb)forsth.  sth.costsb.money/time  Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.1).ThetimehespendswatchingTVisasmuchashedoesdoinghishomework.2).Themp3.forwhichhepaidonly￥150provedtobeuseful.3).Thenaughtyboycosthismothermanysleeplessnights.41.当all,each,both,every基every,each的复合词语否定词连用时，为部分否定，“并非都….”1).Notallofthemwenttothepartylastnight.-->Allofthemdidn’tgotothepartylastnight.2).Bothoftheanswersarenotright.(=Onlyoneofthetwoanswersisright.)3).Wecouldn’teatintherestaurant,because___ofushad____money.  A.all,no  B.all,any   C.none,any  D.none,no       答案：C42.as/with表示“随……进展”，as后面接句子，with后面接短语 1).Withtheindustrydeveloping,thepollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.  Astheindustrydevelops,thepollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.43.Onlyif与Ifonly[1] Onlyif=if,引导条件状语从句1).---OnlyifIlendyouahand?     ---I’msureIcanfinishitontime.[2] Ifonly=HowIwish….,引导的句子用虚拟语气，表示难以实现的愿望\n ***Ifonly=HowIwish主语+情态动词+V.（谓语动词的动作在wish之后进行）                       主语+动词的一般过去式（谓语动词的动作与wish同时进行）                       主语+haddone（谓语动词的动作在wish之前进行） 1).Ifonlywedidn’thavesomanyexamines! 2).Ifonlyhecouldcometomorrow! 3).IfonlyIhadn’tmadesomanymistakes! 3).Hecouldn’tworkoutasingleproblemwhenhewasintheexam.hall.Howhewishedheknewalltheanswer!  Hecouldn’tworkoutasingleproblemwhenhewasintheexam.hall.Howhewishedhe hadstudiedhardbefore!44.with的复合结构（作状语或作定语）[1] with+n.+n.       (with可以省略)1).Theworkforceismadeupof400workers,(with)mostofthemwomen.(=mostofwhomarewomen./andmostofthemarewomen.)[2] with+n.+adj.     (with可以省略)1).(With)thestreetwetandslippery,wehadtorideourbikesslowlyandcarefully.  Becausethestreetwerewetandslippery, ……….2).Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,(with)theireyeswideopen.  Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,andtheireyeswerewideopen.[3] with+n.+adv.     (with可以省略)1).Heputonhiscoathurriedly,(with)thewrongsideout[4] with+n.+prep-phrase    (with可以省略)1).Theoldmanwasseatedinthesofa,(with)apipeinhismouth.(Also:pipeinmouth)\n[5] with+n.+todo/tobedone    （动词不定式的动作还未进行）with+n.+doing/beingdone   （动词不定式的动作正在进行）with+n.+ done            （动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n.所处的状态）1).Withsomanyproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardyear.2).Hewaslyinginbed,withhiseyesfixedontheceiling3).Withthetemplebeingrepaired,wecan’tvisitedit.45.以here,there,in,out,up,down等副词开头的倒装句(多用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。)1).Herecomesthebus! (=Thebusiscominghere!)                  2).Awayhewent. 他走远了（若主语是代词则主语与谓语不倒装）46.方位状语位于句首时的倒装句1).Infrontofthehousestoppedapolicecar.2).Underthetreesataboy,withabookinhishand.47.具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装。常用的此有：little,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,nosooner,innotime,bynomeans,innocase等1).Notasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam.2).Innotimedidthemanrealizewhatwashappening.3).Innocasecanyoutellhimthetruth.4).Hardlyhadthetrainleftwhenherememberedhehadlefthissuitcaseonit.  Nosoonerhadthetrainleftthanherememberedhehadlefthissuitcaseonit.48.themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,ondoing…表示“一….就”1).Onarriving(hisarrival)attheairport,hewassurroundedbythereporters.2).---HaveyougiveJohnthebook?  ---Yes,themomentIsawhim.\n49.ratherthan1).Itisbettertoaskforhelpatthebeginningratherthantowaituntilabusyperiodwheneveryoneisrushedofftheirfeet.2).Itisthebosswhoistoblameratherthantheworkers.50.while/but：while侧重两者之间的对比，but多指一件事的两个对立面。1).HelikeslisteningtomusicwhileIlikewatchingTV.2).Ibadlywantedthatbook,butIhaven’tenoughmoney.51.onlytodo作结果状语，多用来表示出人意料、结局令人沮丧的结果。动词多是终结性的词，如：find,learn,tobetold,tobecaught等1).Hisfatherdisappeared,nevertoheardfromagain.2).Hehurriedtohisoffice,onlytobetoldthathewasdismissed.52.onemoment……andnow…….刚才还…….现在却……1).Onemomentthetwoboyswereplaying,andnowtheyarequarrelling.2).Onemomentitwasfine,andnowitisraining.53.of+n.表示某物具备某种性质或特征1).NewZealandwineisofhighqualityandissoldallovertheworld.2).Theyareofthesameheight.3).Coinsareofdifferentsizes,weights,shapesandofdifferentmetals.4).Sportsandgamesareofgreatvalueforchildren’sstudy.54.only+状语的结构放在句首，主句要部分倒装1).Theteachertoldmethatonlyinthatway,couldIlearnEnglishwell.2).Ireceivedmymother’scallat11a.m.,onlythendidIrememberitwasmybirthdaytoday.55.Whatdoyouthinkof……?  （这三个句式用来询问某人对某个事物的评价或看法，\n   Howdoyoufind……?         其回答应该是评价性的话语）   Howdoyoulike…..?1).---Howdoyoufindthefilmlastnight?  ---Ihaveneverseenaworseonebefore.56.Whatis/was………like?用来询问人或事物的特征或本质1).---Whatisyourmotherlike?      ---Sheisaveryniceperson./Sheisverybeautiful./Shelookslikeherfather.2).---Whatistheweathergoingtobethisweekend?  ---Itisgoingtobefine.57.虚拟语气中的重点句型[1] If+were/did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+do（用来表示对现在情况的假设）1).Idon’thaveacellphone.IfIhadone,itwouldbeconvenientformetocontractothers.[2] If+haddone(过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+havedone（用来表示对过去情况的假设）1).IfIhadgonetotheconcert,Iwouldhaveseenthefamoussinger.[3] If+were/did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+do       weretodo      shoulddo           （用来表示对将来情况的假设）1).IfIwerenottotake/shouldtake/tooktheexamtomorrow,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.\n[4] 虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were,should,had，   可省略if,把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。1).Shouldheactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.  àIfheshouldactlikethatagain,……  Werehetoactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined. àIfheweretoactlikethatagain,……   Ifheactedlikethatagain,……（不可以倒装）2).Hadthedoctorcomeintimelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved. àIfthedoctorhadcomeintimelastnight,………..3).IfIhadtimenow,Iwouldgotothefilmwithyou.（不可以倒装,因为句中的had不是助动词）[5] Butfor….-->Ifitwerenotfor…../Ifithadn’tbeenfor1).Butforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboardwouldn’thavebeensaved.àIfithadn’tbeenforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboard……2).Butforyourrichparents,youwouldn’tlivesuchaeasylife.  Ifitwerenotforyourrichparents,youwouldn’tlivesuchaeasylife.[6] 再suggest,insist,demand,require,request,order,advise,propose等表示建议、要求、命令、主张的动词引导的名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should)do的形式1).MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedbefore9o’olock. 对比：HeinsistedthatIhadtakenawayhisdictionary.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）\n2).HissuggestionthatTony(should)beinvitedtothepartywasrefused.（同位语从句）对比：Hiswordssuggestedthathewasveryangrywithme.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）58.taste,smell,look,sound,feel等感官动词作为系动词后面要接adj.作表语。1).Appleofthiskindtasteverynice.2).Smellingnice,thiskindofbreadsellswell.59.有些动词常用作不及物动词与well或easily连用，表示某物具备的某种特征。常用的词有sell,cut,wash,last,burn等。1).Hislatestworksellswell2).Drywoodburnseasily.60.否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级的含义 1).Ihaveneverseenabetterfilm. 2).Ican’tagreeyoumore.我非常同意61.替代句型：英语中为了避免重复，在比较从句中常用一些替代词来代替前文出现过的词。[1]用助动词代替主句中的有关动词：1).IearnmorethanIdidinthepast.2).JohnspendsasmuchtimewatchingTVashedoeswriting.3).Chinaisnolongerwhatitwas/usedtobe.[2] 拥代词代替前文出现过的有关名词： that 代替指物的单数可数名词或抽象不可数名词，一般是特指的 those代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是特指的=theones one  代替指人或指物的单数可数名词，一般是泛指的 ones 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是泛指的\n1).Theoutputofcoalthisyearistwiceasmuchasthatoflastyear.2).Thestudentsinthisclassaremoreactivethanthoseinthatone.3).Abridgemadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofstones.4).Smallbananasusuallytastebetterthanbiggerones.