07-11历年大学英语六级真题及答案(免费)

07-11历年大学英语六级真题及答案(免费)

ENGLISH大学英语六级考试试题(2007.12—2011.6)2012/9/18118n2007年12月大学英语六级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)Thedigitalage1.如今，数字化产品越来越多，如…2.使用数字化产品对于人们学习工作和生活的影响。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)SevenwaytoSavetheWorldForgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial—ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame—orbetter—resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRamertocutcostsathisfamily—ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout￡100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis￡90,000fuelandpowerbillby￡60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGeorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconservationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact.InsulateSpaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout(orviceversa).Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:ifyouaddenoughyoucanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.ChangeBulbsLightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLS,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.ComfortZoneWaterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummer,thesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingsaswell.118nMostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmostImillionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.RemakeFactoriesFromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitesitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany￡200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizing(优化)energyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJurgenHambrecht.GreenDrivingAquarteroftheworld’senergy---includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated(充气).Gasoline-electrichybrid(混合型的)modelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.ABetterFridgeMorethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances,producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent.FlexiblePaymentWhosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestments?“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofitting（翻新改造）inreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings.InBeijing.ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?Ithasdowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsaving.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.Willitbeenough?Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.1.Whatissaidtobebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?A)Raisingefficiency.B)Cuttingunnecessarycosts..118nC)Findingalternativeresources.D)Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?A)Diversifyenergysupply.B)Cutenergyconsumption.C)Reducecarbonemissions.D)RaiseproductionRaiseproductionefficiency.3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto_____________.A)improveyourworkenvironmentB)cutyourutilitybillsbyhalfC)getridofair-conditionersD)enjoymuchbetterhealth4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?A)Asmallportion.B)Some40percent.C)Almosthalf.D)75to80percent.5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby__________.A)upgradingtheequipmentB)encouraginginvestmentsC)implementinghigh-techD)providingsubsidies6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves￡200millionayearby___________.A)recyclingheatandenergyB)settingupfactoriesinChinaC)usingthenewesttechnologyD)reducingtheCO2emissionsofitsplants7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif___________.A)weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipesB)WechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliancesC)WecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsD)Wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods8.Energyservicecontractorsprofitbytakingapartofclients____________.9.Manyenvironmentalistsmaintaintheviewthatconservationhasmuchtodowith_____.10.Thestrongestincentivesforenergyconservationwillderivefrom__________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA11811.A)Proceedinhisownway.B)Sticktotheoriginalplan.C)Compromisewithhiscolleague.D)Trytochangehiscolleague’smind.12.A)Maryhasakeeneyeforstyle.B)Nancyregretsbuyingthedress.C)NancyandMarywentshoppingtogetherinRome.D)NancyandMaryliketofollowthelatestfashion.13.A)Washthedishes.B)Gotothetheatre.C)PickupGeorgeandMartha.D)Takeherdaughtertohospital.14.A)Sheenjoysmakingupstoriesaboutotherpeople.B)Shecanneverkeepanythingtoherselfforlong.C)Sheiseagertosharenewswiththewoman.D)Sheisthebestinformedwomanintown.15.A)Acardealer.B)AmechanicC)Adrivingexaminer.D)Atechnicalconsultant.16.A)Theshoppingmallhasbeendesertedrecently.B)Shopperscanonlyfindgoodstoresinthemall.C)Lotsofpeoplemovedoutofthedowntownarea.D)Thereisn’tmuchbusinessdowntownnowadays.17.A)Hewillhelpthewomanwithherreading.B)Theloungeisnotaplaceforhimtostudyin.C)Hefeelssleepywheneverhetriestostudy.D)Acozyplaceisratherhardtofindoncampus.18.A)Toprotectherfromgettingscratches.B)Tohelprelieveherofthepain.C)Topreventmosquitobites.D)Toavoidgettingsunburnt.118Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Inastudio.B)Inaclothingstore.C)AtabeachresortD)Atafashionshow20.A)Tolivetherepermanently.B)Tostaythereforhalfayear.C)Tofindabetterjobtosupportherself.D)TosellleathergoodsforaBritishcompany.21.A)Designingfashionitemsforseveralcompanies.B)Modelingforaworld-famousItaliancompany.118nC)WorkingasanemployeeforFerragamo.D)ServingasasalesagentforBurberrys.22.A)Ithasseenasteadydeclineinitsprofits.B)Ithasbecomemuchmorecompetitive.C)Ithaslostmanycustomerstoforeigncompanies.D)Ithasattractedlotmoredesignersfromabroad.23.A)Ithelpshertoattractmorepublicattention.B)Itimprovesherchanceofgettingpromoted.C)Itstrengthensherrelationshipwithstudents.D)Itenableshertounderstandpeoplebetter.24.A)Passively.B)Positively.C)Skeptically.D)Sensitively.25.A)Itkeepshauntingherdayandnight.B)Herteachingwassomewhataffectedbyit.C)Itvanishesthemomentshestepsintoherrole.D)Hermindgoesblankonceshegetsonthestage.SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Towinoverthemajorityofpassengersfromairlinesintwentyyears.B)ToreformrailroadmanagementinwesternEuropeancountries.C)ToelectrifytherailwaylinesbetweenmajorEuropeancities.D)TosetupanexpresstrainnetworkthroughoutEurope.27.A)MajorEuropeanairlinerwillgobankrupt.B)Europeanswillpaymuchlessfortraveling.C)TravelingtimebytrainbetweenmajorEuropeancitieswillbecutbyhalf.D)TrainswillbecomethesafestandmostefficientmeansoftravelinEurope.28.A)Traintravelwillprovemuchmorecomfortablethanairtravel.B)Passengerswillfeelmuchsaferonboardatrainthanonaplane.C)Railtransportwillbeenvironmentallyfriendlierthanairtransport.D)Travelingbytrainmaybeasquickas,orevenquickerthan,byair.29.A)In1981.B)In1989.C)In1990.D)In2000.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Therecanbenospeedyrecoveryformentalpatients.B)Approachestohealingpatientsareessentiallythesame.C)Themindandbodyshouldbetakenasanintegralwhole.D)Thereisnocleardivisionoflaborinthemedicalprofession.31.A)Adoctor’sfamestrengthensthepatients’faithinthem.B)Abuseofmedicinesiswidespreadinmanyurbanhospitals.C)Onethirdofthepatientsdependonharmlesssubstancesforcure.D)Apatient’sexpectationsofadrughaveaneffectontheirrecovery.32.A)Expensivedrugsmaynotprovethemosteffective.B)Theworkingsofthemindmayhelppatientsrecover.C)Doctorsoftenexaggeratetheeffectoftheirremedies.D)Mostillnessescanbecuredwithoutmedication.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Enjoyingstrongfeelingsandemotions.B)Defyingalldangerswhentheyhaveto.C)Beingfondofmakingsensationalnews.D)Dreamingofbecomingfamousoneday.34.A)Workinginanemergencyroom.B)Watchinghorrormovies.C)Listeningtorockmusic.D)Doingdailyroutines.35.A)Arockclimber.B)Apsychologist.C)Aresidentdoctor.D)Acareerconsultant.118nSectionCIfyou’relikemostpeople,you’veindulgedinfakelisteningmanytimes.Yougotohistoryclass,sitinthethirdrow,andlook(36)________attheinstructorasshespeaks.Butyourmindisfaraway,(37)_______inthecloudsofpleasantdaydreams.(38)________youcomebacktoearth:theinstructorwritesanimportanttermonthechalkboard,andyou(39)_______copyitinyournotebook.Everyonceinawhiletheinstructormakesa(40)_________remark,causingothersintheclasstolaugh.Yousmilepolitely,pretendingthatyou’veheardtheremarkandfounditmildly(41)___________.Youhaveavaguesenseof(42)___________thatyouaren’tpayingcloseattention,butyoutellyourselfthatany(43)________youmisscanbepickedupfromafriend’snotes.Besides,(44)_______________________.Sobackyougointoyourprivatelittleworld.Onlylaterdoyourealizeyou’vemissedimportantinformationforatest.Fakelisteningmaybeeasilyexposed,sincemanyspeakersaresensitivetofacialcuesandcantellifyou’remerelypretendingtolisten.(45)________________________.Evenifyou’renotexposed,there’sanotherreasontoavoidfakery;it’seasyforthisbehaviortobecomeahabit.Forsomepeople,thehabitissodeeplyrootedthat(46)_________________.Asaresult,theymisslotsofvaluableinformation.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Men,thesedays,areembracingfatherhoodwiththeround-the-clockinvolvementtheirpartnershavealwaysdreamedof–handlingnightfeedings,packinglunchesandbandagingknees.Butunlikewomen,manyfindthey’renegotiatingtheirnewroleswithlittlesupportorinformation.“Meninmygeneration(aged25-40)haveafearofbecomingdadsbecausewehavenorolemodels,”saysJonSmith,awriter.Theyoftenfindthemselvesexcludedfrommothers’supportnetworks,andareeyedwarily(警觉地)ontheplayground.Thechallengeisparticularlyevidentinthework—place.There,menarestillexpectedtobebreadwinnersclimbingthecorporateladder;traditionally-mindedbossesareoftenunsympathetictofamilyneeds.InDenmarkmostnewfathersonlytaketwoweeksofpaternityleave(父亲的陪产假)—eventhoughtheyareallowed34days.Asmuchasifnotmoresothanwomen,fathersstruggletobetakenseriouslywhentheyrequestflexiblearrangements.ThoughWilfried-FritzMaring,54,adata-bankandInternetspecialistwithGermanfirmFIZKarlsruhe,feelsthatthetimehespendswithhisdaughteroutweighsanydisadvantages,headmits,“WithmydecisiontoworkfromhomeIdismissedanyopportunityforpromotion.”Mind-sets(思维定势)arechanginggradually.WhenMaringhadadaughter,thecompanyequippedhimwithahomeofficeandallowedhimtochooseajobthatcouldbeperformedfromthere.DanishtelecomcompanyTDCinitiatedaninternalcampaignlastyeartoencouragedadstotakepaternityleave:97percentnowdo.“Whenanemployeegoesonpaternityleaveandiswithhiskids,hegetsanewkindoftraining:inhowtokeepcoolunderstress,”saysspokespersonChristineElbergHolm.Foranewgenerationofdads,kidsmaycomebeforethecompany–butit’sashiftthatbenefitsboth.47.Unlikewomen,menoftengetlittlesupportorinformationfrom______________.48.Besidessupportingthefamily,menwerealsoexpectedto________.49.Likewomen,menhopethattheirdesireforaflexibleschedulewillbe_____________.50.WhenMaringwasonpaternityleave,hewasallowedbyhiscompanytowork___________.51.ChristineHolmbelievespaternityleaveprovidesanewkindoftrainingformeninthatitcanhelpthemcopewith_____________.SectionBPassageOne118nQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Likemostpeople,I’velongunderstoodthatIwillbejudgedbymyoccupation,thatmyprofessionisagaugepeopleusetoseehowsmartortalentedIam.Recently,however,IwasdisappointedtoseethatitalsodecideshowI’mtreatedasaperson.LastyearIleftaprofessionalpositionasasmall-townreporterandtookajobwaitingtables.Assomeonepaidtoservefoodtopeople.IhadcustomerssayanddothingstomeIsuspectthey’dneversayordototheirmostcasualacquaintances.Onenightamantalkingonhiscellphonewavedmeaway,thenbeckoned(示意)mebackwithhisfingeraminutelater,complaininghewasreadytoorderandaskingwhereI’dbeen.Ihadwaitedtablesduringsummersincollegeandwastreatedlikeapeon(勤杂工)byplentyofpeople.Butat19yearsold.IbelievedIdeservedinferiortreatmentfromprofessionaladults.Besides,peoplerespondedtomedifferentlyafterItoldthemIwasincollege.CustomerswouldjokethatonedayI’dbesittingattheirtable,waitingtobeserved.OnceIgraduatedItookajobatacommunitynewspaper.Frommyfirstday,Iheardarespectfultonefromeveryonewhocalledme.Iassumedthiswasthewaytheprofessionalworldworked-cordially.Isoonfoundoutdifferently,Isatseveralfeetawayfromanadvertisingsalesrepresentativewithasimilarname.OurcallswouldoftengetmixedupandsomeoneaskingforKristenwouldbetransferredtoChristie.Themistakewasimmediatelyevident.Perhapsitwasbecausemoneywasinvolved,butpeopleusedatonewithKristenthattheyneverusedwithme.Myjobtitlemadepeopletreatmewithcourtesy.Soitwasashocktoreturntotherestaurantindustry.It’snosecretthatthere’salottoputupwithwhenwaitingtables,andfortunately,muchofitcanbeeasilyforgottenwhenyoupocketthetips.Theserviceindustry,bydefinition,existstocatertoothers’needs.Still,itseemedthatmanyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant.I’mnowapplyingtograduateschool,whichmeanssomedayI’llreturntoaprofessionwherepeopleneedtobenicetomeinordertogetwhattheywant.IthinkI’lltakethemtodinnerfirst,andseehowtheytreatsomeonewhoseonlyjobistoservethem. 52.Theauthorwasdisappointedtofindthat___________________.A)one’spositionisusedasagaugetomeasureone’sintelligence.B)talentedpeoplelikehershouldfailtogetarespectablejobC)one’soccupationaffectsthewayoneistreatedasapersonD)professionalstendtolookdownuponmanualworkers53.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaybytheexampleinthesecondparagraph?A)Somecustomerssimplyshownorespecttothosewhoservethem.B)Peopleabsorbedinaphoneconversationtendtobeabsent-minded.C)Waitressesareoftentreatedbycustomersascasualacquaintances.D)Somecustomersliketomakeloudcomplaintsfornoreasonatall.54.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenwaitingtablesattheageof19?A)Shefeltitunfairtobetreatedasamereservantbyprofessionals.B)Shefeltbadlyhurtwhenhercustomersregardedherasapeon.C)Shewasembarrassedeachtimehercustomersjokedwithher.D)Shefounditnaturalforprofessionalstotreatherasinferior.55.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“…manyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant”(Lines3-4,Para.7)?A)Thosewhocatertoothers’needsaredestinedtobelookeddownupon.B)Thoseworkingintheserviceindustryshouldn’tbetreatedasservants.118nC)Thoseservingothershavetoputupwithroughtreatmenttoearnaliving.D)Themajorityofcustomerstendtolookonaservantasaservernowadays.56.Theauthorsaysshe’llonedaytakeherclientstodinnerinorderto_______.A)seewhatkindofpersontheyareB)experiencethefeelingofbeingservedC）showhergenerositytowardspeopleinferiortoherD）arousetheirsympathyforpeoplelivingahumblelifePassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?AS7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh.andincomeinequality.Sure,someleftishbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstincomeinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.InDecember.MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.SNews&WorldReport,whichheowns.“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamented(哀叹)the117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouseholdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,popularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornia’governortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.It’spossiblethatplutocrats(有钱有势的人)areexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatory(没收性的)taxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefinanciallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.57.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?A)Thefateoftheultrawealthypeople.B)Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.C)Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.D)Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.58.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?A)Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.B)TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.C)TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.D)ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.59.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat____________.A)theveryricharefashion-conscious118nB)theveryricharepoliticallysensitiveC)universalhealthcareistobeimplementedthroughoutAmericaD)Congresshasgainedpopularitybyincreasingtheminimumwage60.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?A)Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxation.B)Theyknowthatthemiddleclasscontributesmosttosociety.C)Theywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomicintegration.D)Theyfeelincreasinglythreatenedbyeconomicinsecurity.61.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?A)Thepricesofimportedgoodswillinevitablysoarbeyondcontrol.B)Theinvestorswillhavetomakegreateffortstore-allocatecapital.C)Thewealthywillattempttobuyforeigncompaniesacrossborders.D)Foreigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.PartVCloze(15minutes)118In1915EinsteinmadeatriptoGattingentogivesomelecturesattheinvitationofthemathematicalphysicistDavidHilbert.Hewasparticularlyeager—tooeager,itwouldturn62--toexplainalltheintricaciesofrelativitytohim.Thevisitwasatriumph,andhesaidtoafriendexcitedly.“Iwasableto63Hilbertofthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.”64allofEinstein’spersonalturmoil(焦躁)atthetime,anewscientificanxietywasaboutto65.Hewasstrugglingtofindtherightequationsthatwould66hisnewconceptofgravity,67thatwoulddefinehowobjectsmove68spaceandhowspaceiscurvedbyobjects.Bytheendofthesummer,he69themathematicalapproachhehadbeen70foralmostthreeyearswasflawed.Andnowtherewasa71pressure.Einsteindiscoveredtohis72thatHilberthadtakenwhathehadlecturesandwasracingtocomeup73thecorrectequationsfirst.Itwasanenormouslycomplextask.AlthoughEinsteinwasthebetterphysicist.Hilbertwasthebettermathematician.SoinOctober1915Einstein74himselfintoamonth-long-franticendeavorin75hereturnedtoanearliermathematicalstrategyandwrestledwithequations,proofs,correctionsandupdatesthathe76togiveaslecturestoBerlin’sPrussianAcademyofSciencesonfour77Thursdays.HisfirstlecturewasdeliveredonNov.4.1915,anditexplainedhisnewapproach,78headmittedhedidnotyethavetheprecisemathematicalformulationofit.Einsteinalsotooktimeofffrom79revisinghisequationstoengageinanawkwardfandango(方丹戈双人舞)withhiscompetitorHilbert.Worried80beingscooped(抢先),hesentHilbertacopyofhisNov.4lecture.“Iam81toknowwhetheryouwilltakekindlytothisnewsolution,”Einsteinnotedwithatouchofdefensiveness.62.A)upB)overC)outD)off63.A)convinceB)counselC)persuadeD)preach64.A)AboveB)AroundC)AmidD)Along65.A)emitB)emergeC)submitD)submerge66.A)imitateB)igniteC)describeD)ascribe67.A)onesB)thoseC)allD)none68.A)intoB)beyondC)amongD)through69.A)resolvedB)realizedC)acceptedD)assured70.A)pursuingB)protectingC)contestingD)contending71.A)complexB)compatibleC)comparativeD)competitive72.A)humorB)horrorC)excitementD)extinction73.A)toB)forC)withD)against118n74.A)threwB)thrustC)huddledD)hopped75.A)howB)thatC)whatD)which76.A)dashedB)dartedC)rushedD)reeled77.A)successiveB)progressiveC)extensiveD)repetitive78.A)soB)sinceC)thoughD)because79.A)casuallyB)coarselyC)violentlyD)furiously80.A)afterB)aboutC)onD)in81.A)curiousB)consciousC)ambitiousD)ambiguous118PartVITranslation(5minutes)82.Butformobilephone,___________________(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便)。83.Inhandlinganembarrassingsituation,_____________(没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了).84.TheForeignMinistersaidhewasresigning,______________(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因).85.Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,_________________(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).86.Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_____________________(他都不应该对法庭说慌).2008年6月21日英语六级真题PartⅠWriting(30minutes)WillE-booksReplaceTraditionalBooks?　　1.随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多　　2.有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是……　　3.我的看法注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Whatwilltheworldbelikeinfiftyyears?Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,frongas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld’sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonizingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexbaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.Willwereally,astoday’sscientistsclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”118nLivinglongerAnthonyAtala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,belivesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallytostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.BruceLahn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce“unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneededaneworgan,suchaskidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient’simmuno-logicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andalloweingthemtodeveoopintoandorganinplaceoftheanimal’sown.ButProf.Lahnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse’sandweprobablydon’twanttoputahumanbrainingananimalbody.”RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop“anthenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchaswhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:“It’sisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday’speopleintheir60s”AliensConlinPillinger,professorofplanerarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:”IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidistarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifecamehereinMartianmeteorites(陨石).ChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeinancientpermanentforstofMarsoronotherplaners.Headds:”ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.PricetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“likely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscovereddefore2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.Heays:”Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesarelikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymaychangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.ColoniesinspaceRichardGottprofessorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniseoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammerunsout.”SpinalinjuriesEllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstitudeinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinijuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflicatedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.Shesays:”Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprofescribedrugsthatcauseseveres(断裂的)spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregrow.“Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:byreplancingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegrownandlimbswillstarttoberegrownafewyearslater.Repariestothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50years118nwholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,”Prof.Heber-Katzadds.ObesitySydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NoblelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolitionwillfavoursmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”Obesity,”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”RobotsRodneyBrooks,professorofroboticeatMIT,saystheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”EnergyBillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifomia,says:”Themostsignificantbreakthroughtwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarming.SocietyGeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says:”TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite(前提)forordinaryhumandecency.“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,uniwersalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”Healsopredictsthat“ahsurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeumfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.Thesetherechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusall”brigheter,wiser,happierandkinder”.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1181.Whatisjohnlngham’sreportabout?A)AsolutiontotheglobalenergycrisisB)Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.C)ThelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscienceD)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture_____.A)mayinvitetroubleB)maynotcometrueC)willfoolthepublicD)domoreharmthangood3.ProfessorBruceLahnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat____.A)humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantationB)morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantationC)animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodiesD)organtransplantationwon’tbeasscaryasitistoday4.AccordingtoprofessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMichigarr,proplewill____.A)lifeforaslongastheywishB)berelievedfromallsufferingsC)lifeto100andmorewithvitalityD)beabletolivelongerthanwhales5.PricetonprofessorFreemanSysonthinksthat____.A)scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartooursB)humanswillbeabletosettleonMarsC)alienlifewilllikelybediscoveredD)lifewillstarttoevolveonMars6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,Humans_____.A)MightsurvieallcatastrophesonearthB)MightacquireamplenaturalresourcesC)WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreelyD)Willmovetheretoliveabetterlife7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstitueinPhiladelpia,predictsthat_____.A)humanorganscanbumanufacturedlikeappliancesB)peoplewillbeasstronganddymamicassupermenC)humannervescanbereplancedbyopticfibersD)lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrow118118n8.rodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultorthedevelopmentof__artificaialintelligenceforrobots_____9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBilljoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethatcan’tbeusedtomake__pollutions___________10AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkinplaceof_________religion_______PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)听力部分试题略PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteouranswersonAnswerSheet2Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ifmovietrailers(预告片)aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That’swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral(震撼心灵的).Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints."United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,"United93"willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere’reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,"Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject."Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair."Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou'renotsecure.That’sthemessageIwantpeopletohear."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答47.Thetrailerfor"United93"succeededincausingareactionwhenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.48.Themovie"United93"issuretogiverisetoanemotionaldebate.49.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?theapprovalofeveryvictim’sfamily50.Universal,whichisreleasing"United93",hasbeencriticizedforexploitinganationaltragedy.51.CaroleO’Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthe118nstoryistoraisetheawarenessaboutsecurity.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughtthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,already-expensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy-fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami-forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak?ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico-asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscan’taffordtojointhemerrymaking.Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,whichthanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forfirstfivemonthsof2007,thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006. IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola’sstickbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.Americantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup-slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11852.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated?A)TheireconomyisplungingB)Theycan’taffordtripstoEuropeC)TheircurrencyhasslumpedD)Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.53.HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericans?TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.54HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.Swiththedevalueddollar?118nTheyfeelcontemptuousofitTheyaresympatheticwithit.Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55whatistheauthor’sadvicetoAmericans?TheytreatthedollarwithalittlerespectTheytrytowinintheweak-dollargambleTheyvacationathomeratherthanabroadTheytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.56Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Para7)?Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.ThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadimeThedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.118PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsession(痴迷)ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria(歇斯底里)isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible——andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures——professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams——selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-poinntincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke(偶然).Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.Gettingintoyalemaysignifyintellgence,talentandAmbition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlifeonlycompetiton.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.princetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpdexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.So,parents,lightenup.thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.theveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtodeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.注意此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whydosetheauthorsaythatparengsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.C.theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.D.theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?118nA.theywanttoincreasetheirchildrenchancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.B.theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.C.Theirchildreneillhavehaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewersyudentthantheyusedto.59.Whatdoestheauthormeanbykidscountmorethantheircollege(Line1,para.4?A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoapersonsuccess.B.Apersonhappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.C.Kidsactualabilitiesaremoreimportangthantheircollegebackground.D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.60.WhatdoesKruegerstudytellus?A.GETtingintoPh.d.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.61.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat______A.theyearblessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutionsB.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarketC.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationD.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplicationPartVClozeDirections:thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.118Sevenyearsago,whenIwasvisitingGermany,IMetwithanofficialwhoexplainedtomethatthecountryhadaperfectsolutiontoitseconomicproblems.WatchingtheU.S.economy___62___duringthe‘90s,theGermanshaddecidedthatthey,too,neededtogothehigh-technology___63___.Buthow?Inthelate‘90s,theanswerschemedobvious.Indians.___64___all,IndianentrepreneursaccountedforoneofeverythreeSiliconValleystart-ups.SotheGermangovernmentdecidedthatitwould___65___IndianstoTermanyjustasAmericadoesby___66___greencards.OfficialscreatedsomethingcalledtheGermanGreenCardand___67___thattheywouldissue20,000inthefirstyear.___68___,theGermansexpectedthattensofthousandsmoreIndianswouldsoonbebeggingtocome,andperhapsthe___69___wouldhavetobeincreased.Buttheprogramwasafailure.Ayearlater___70___halfofthe20,000cardshadbeenissued.Afterafewextensions,theprogramwas___71___.ItoldtheGermanofficialatthetimethatIwassurethe___72___wouldfail.It’snotthatIhadanyparticularexpertiseinimmigrationpolicy,___73___Iunderstoodsomethingaboutgreencards,becauseIhadone(theAmerican___74___).TheGermanGreenCardwasmismand,Iargued,__75__itnever,underanycircumtances,translatedintoGermancitizenship.TheU.S.greencard,bycontrast,isanalmost__76__pathtobecomingAmerican(afterfiveyearsandacleanrecord).Theofficial__77__myobjection,sayingthattherewasnowayGermanywasgoingtoofferthesepeoplecitizenship.”weneedyoungtachworkers,”hesaid.”that’swhatthispro-gramisall__78__.”soGermanywasaskingbrightyoung__79__toleavetheircountry,cultureandfamilies,movethousandsofmilesaway,learnanewlanguageandworkinastrangeland—butwithoutany__80__ofeverbeingpartoftheirnewhome.Germanywassengingasignal,onethatwas___81___receivedinIndiaandothercountries,andalsobyGermany’sownimmigrantcommunity.62.A)soarC)amplifyB)hoverD)intensify63.A)circuitC)traitB)strategyD)route64.A)OfC)InB)AfterD)At118n65.A)importC)conveyB)kidnapD)lure66.A)offeringC)evacuatingB)installingD)formulating67.A)conferredC)announcedB)inferredD)verified68.A)SpeciallyC)ParticularlyB)NaturallyD)Consistently69.A)quotasC)measuresB)digitsD)scales70.A)invariablyC)barelyB)literallyD)solely71.A)repelledC)combatedB)deletedD)abolished72.A)adventureC)initiativeB)responseD)impulse73.A)andC)soB)butD)or74.A)heritageC)notionB)revisionD)version75A)becauseB)unlessC)ifD)while76A)aggressiveB)automaticC)vulnerableD)voluntary77A)overtookB)fascinatedC)submittedD)dismissed78A)towardsB)roundC)aboutD)over79A)dwellersB)citizensC)professionalsD)amateurs80A)prospectB)suspicionC)outcomeD)destination81A)partiallyB)clearlyC)brightlyD)vividly118PartVITranslationDirections:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2118注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答,只需写出译文部分82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhohavespenttheirwholelivesonpoems(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweek(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiments(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother(老两口互相争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducationofitspeople2009年12月大学英语六级考试PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班2.对这种做法有人表示支持，也有人并不赞成3.我认为……ShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.BossesSay“Yes”toHomeWorkRisingcostsofofficespace,timelosttostressfulcommuting,andaslowrecognitionthatworkershavelivesbeyondtheoffice—allarestrongargumentsforlettingstaffworkfromhome.Forthesmallbusiness,thereareadditionalbenefitstoo—staffaremoreproductive,andhappier,enablingfirmstokeeptheirheadcounts(员工数)andtheirrecruitmentcoststoaminimum.Itcanalsoprovidecompetitiveadvantage,especiallywhensmallbusinesseswanttoattractnewstaffbutdon’thavethebudgettoofferhugesalaries.Whilecompanymanagershaveknownaboutthebenefitsforalongtime,manyhavedonelittleaboutit,scepticalofwhethertheycouldtrusttheiremployeestoworktofullcapacitywithoutsupervision,orconcernedabouttheadditionalexpensesteleworkingpoliciesmightincurasstaffstartchargingtheirhomephonebillstothebusiness.118nYetthisisnowchanging.WhencommunicationsproviderInter-Telresearchedtheuseofremoteworkingsolutionsamongsmall-and-medium-sizedUKbusinessesinAprilthisyear,itfoundthat28%morecompaniesclaimedtohaveintroducedflexibleworkingpracticesthanayearago.TheUKnetworkofBusinessLinksconfirmsthatittoohasseenagrowinginterestinremoteworkingsolutionsfromsmallbusinessesseekingitsadvice,andclaimsthatasmanyas60-70%ofthebusinessesthatcomethroughitsdoorsnowoffersomeformofremoteworkingsupporttotheirworkforces.Technologyadvances,includingthewidespreadavailabilityofbroadband,aremakingtheintroductionofremoteworkingapieceofcake.“Ifsystemsaresetupproperly,staffcanhaveaccesstoalltheresourcestheyhaveintheofficewherevertheyhaveaninternetconnection,”saysAndyPoulton,e-businessadvisoratBusinessLinkforBerkshireandWiltshire.“Therearesomeveryexcitingdevelopmentswhichhaveenabledthis.”Oneistheavailabilityofbroadbandeverywhere,whichnowcoversalmostallofthecountry(BTclaimsthat,byJuly,99.8%ofitsexchangeswillbebroadbandenabled,withalternativeplansinplaceforeventhemostremoteexchanges).“Thisistheenabler,”Poultonsays.Yetwhilebroadbandhascomedowninpricetoo,thoseserviceproviderstargetingthebusinessmarketwarnagainstconsumerservicesmasquerading(伪装)asbusiness-friendlybroadband.“Broadbandisavailableforaslittleas￡15amonth,butmanybusinessesfailtoappreciatethehiddencostsofsuchaservice,”saysNeilStephenson,salesandmarketingdirectoratOnyxInternet,aninternetserviceproviderbasedinthenorth-eastofEngland.“Providersofferingbroadbandforrock-bottompricesarenotoriousforpoorservice,withregularbreakdownsandheavilycongested(拥堵的)networks.Itisalwaysadvisableforbusinessestolookbeyondthepricetagandlookforabusiness-onlyproviderthatcanoffermorereliability,withgoodsupport.”Suchservicesdon’tcosttoomuch—qualityservicescanbefoundforupwardsof￡30amonth.Thebenefitsofbroadbandtotheoccasionalhomeworkerarethattheycanaccessemailinrealtime,andtakefulladvantageofservicessuchasinternet-basedbackuporeveninternet-basedphoneservices.Internet-basedtelecoms,orVoIP(VoiceoverIP)togiveititstechnicaltitle,isaninterestingtooltoanybusinesssupportingremoteworking.Notnecessarilybecauseofthepromiseoffreeorreducedpricephonecalls(whichexpertspointoutismisleadingfortheaveragebusiness),butbecauseofthesophisticatedvoiceservicesthatcanbeexploitedbytheremoteworker—facilitiessuchasvoicemailandcallforwarding,whichprovideacontinuityofthecompanyimageforcustomersandbusinesspartners.Bylaw,companiesmust“considerseriously”requeststoworkflexiblymadebyaparentwithachildundertheageofsix,oradisabledchildunder18.ItwastheneedtoaccommodateemployeeswithyoungchildrenthatmotivatedaccountancyfirmWrightVigartobeginpromotingteleworkingrecently.Thecompany,whichneededtoupgradeitsITinfrastructure(基础设施)toprovideconnectivitywithanew,secondoffice,decidedtointroducesupportforremoteworkingatthesametime.MarketingdirectorJackO’Hernexplainsthatthecompanyhasarelativelyyoungworkforce,manyofwhomareparents:“Oneofthetriggerswaswhenoneofourtaxmanagersreturnedfrommaternityleave.Shewasintendingtoworkparttime,butcouldonlymanageonedayaweekintheofficeduetochildcare.Byofferinghertheabilitytoworkfromhome,wehavedoubledhercapacity—nowsheworksadayaweekfromhome,andadayintheoffice.Thisisgreatforher,andforusasweretainsomeonehighlyqualified.”ForWrightVigar,whichhasnowequippedallofitsfee-earnerstobeabletoworkatmaximumproductivitywhenawayfromtheoffices(whetherthat’sfromhome,orwhileontheroad),thisstrategyisnotjustaboutsavingoncommutetimeorcuttingthemloosefromtheoffice,butenablingthemtoworkmoreflexiblehoursthatfitaroundtheirhomelife.O’Hernsays:“Althoughmostofourworkisclient-basedandmustfitaroundthis,wecan’tseeanyreasonwhyaparentcan’tbeonhandtodealwithsomethingimportantathome,iftheyhavetheabilitytocompleteaprojectlater118nintheday.”Supportingthisnewwayofworkingcamewithaprice,though.Althoughthefirmwasupdatingitssystemsanyway,thecompanyspent10-15%moreperusertoequipthemwithalaptopratherthanaPC,andaboutthesametoupgradetoaserverthatwouldenableremotestafftoconnecttothecompanynetworksandaccessalltheirusualresources.AlthoughWrightVigarhasn’tyetquantifiedthebusinessbenefits,itclaimsthat,inadditiontobeingabletoretainkeystaffwithyoungfamilies,itisabletosavefee-earnersasubstantialamountof“dead”timeintheirworkingdays.Thatstaffcandothiswithoutneedingafixedtelephonelineprovidesevenmoreefficiencysavings.“WithWi-Fi(fast,wirelessinternetconnections)poppingupallovertheplace,evenontrains,ourfee-earnerscanbeproductiveastheytravel,andbetweenmeetings,insteadofhavingtokilltimeattheshops,”headds.Thecompanywillalsobeabletoavoidtheexpenseofhavingtorelocatestafftotemporaryofficesforseveralweekswhenitbeginsdisruptiveofficerenovationssoon.FinancialrecruitmentspecialistLynneHargreavesknowsexactlyhowmuchherfirmhassavedbyadoptingateleworkingstrategy,whichhasinvolvedhandinghercompany’sdatamanagementovertoaremotehostingcompany,Datanet,soitcanbeaccessiblebyallthecompany’sconsultantsoverbroadbandinternetconnections.Ithasenabledthecompanytodispensewithitsbusinesspremisesaltogether,followingtherealisationthatitjustdidn’tneedthemanymore.“Themainmotivationbehindadoptinghomeworkingwastoincreasemyownproductivity,asasinglemumtoan11-year-old,”saysHargreaves.“ButIsoonrealisedthat,asmostofourbusinessisdoneonthephone,emailandatoff-sitemeetings,wedidn’tneedourofficesatall.We’renowsaving￡16,000ayearonrent,plusthecostofutilities,nottomentionwhatwouldhavebeenspentoncommuting.”1181.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A)Howbusinessmanagersviewhi-tech.B)Relationsbetweenemployersandemployees.C)Howtocutdownthecostsofsmallbusinesses.D)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking.2.FromtheresearchconductedbythecommunicationsproviderInter-Tel,welearnthat.A)moreemployeesworktofullcapacityathomeB)employeesshowagrowinginterestinsmallbusinessesC)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolutionsD)attitudestowardITtechnologyhavechanged3.WhatdevelopmenthasmadeflexibleworkingpracticespossibleaccordingtoAndyPoulton?A)Reducedcostoftelecommunications.B)Improvedreliabilityofinternetservice.C)AvailabilityoftheVoIPservice.D)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere.4.WhatisNeilStephenson’sadvicetofirmscontractinginternetservices?A)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders.B)Theycontactproviderslocatednearesttothem.C)Theycarefullyexaminethecontract.D)Theycontractthecheapestprovider.5.Internet-basedtelecomsfacilitatesremoteworkingby__________.A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservicesB)givingaccesstoemailinginrealtimeC)helpingclientsdiscussbusinessathomeD)providingcallscompletelyfreeofcharge6.TheaccountancyfirmWrightVigarpromotedteleworkinginitiallyinorderto__________.A)presentapositiveimagetoprospectivecustomersB)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareofC)attractyoungpeoplewithITexpertisetoworkforitD)reduceoperationalexpensesofasecondoffice7.AccordingtomarketingdirectorJackO’Hern,teleworkingenabledthecompanyto__________.A)enhanceitsmarketimageB)reducerecruitmentcostsC)keephighlyqualifiedstaffD)minimiseitsofficespace1188.WrightVigar’spracticeofallowingformoreflexibleworkinghoursnotonlybenefitsthecompanybuthelps118nimproveemployees’.9.Withfast,wirelessinternetconnections,employeescanstillbe__________whiletraveling.10.SinglemotherLynneHargreavesdecidedtoworkathomemainlyto__________.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11811.A)Theywouldrathertravelaroundthanstayathome.B)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad.C)Theyusuallycarrymanythingsaroundwiththem.D)Theydon’tliketospendmuchmoneyontraveling.12.A)Theselectionprocesswasalittleunfair.B)Hehadlongdreamedofthedean’sposition.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess.D)Rodwasinchargeoftheadmissionsoffice.13.A)Applauseencouragesthesinger.B)Sheregretspayingfortheconcert.C)Almosteveryonelovespopmusic.D)Theconcertisveryimpressive.14.A)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays.B)TheywerebothchairpersonsoftheStudents’Union.C)Theyhavebeeninclosetouchbyemail.D)Theyaregoingtoholdareunionparty.15.A)Cooktheirdinner.B)Restforawhile.C)Gettheircarfixed.D)Stopforthenight.16.A)Newly-launchedproducts.B)Consumerpreferences.C)Surveyresults.D)Surveymethods.17.A)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse.B)Thewomanneedsblousesinthecolorsofarainbow.C)Theinformationinthecatalogisnotalwaysreliable.D)Hethinkstheblueblouseisbetterthantheredone.18.A)Thecourseisopentoallnextsemester.B)Thenoticemaynotbereliable.C)Thewomanhasnottoldthetruth.D)Hewilldrophiscourseinmarketing.118Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11819.A)Adirectorofasalesdepartment.B)Amanageratacomputerstore.C)Asalesclerkatashoppingcenter.D)Anaccountantofacomputerfirm.20.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints.B)Recruitingandtrainingnewstaff.C)Dispatchingorderedgoodsontime.D)Developingcomputerprograms.21.A)Shelikessomethingmorechallenging.B)Shelikestobenearertoherparents.C)Shewantstohaveabetter-paidjob.D)Shewantstobewithherhusband.22.A)Rightaway.B)Intwomonths.C)Earlynextmonth.D)Inacoupleofdays.118Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11823.A)Itwillfacechallengesunprecedentedinitshistory.B)Itisaresoluteadvocateoftheanti-globalmovement.C)Itisboundtoregainitsfullgloryofahundredyearsago.118nD)Itwillbeamajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury.24.A)Thelackofoverallurbanplanning.B)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.C)Theinadequatesupplyofwaterandelectricity.D)Theshortageofhi-techpersonnel.25.A)Theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation.B)Theyareabletograspgrowthopportunities.C)Theyaregoodatlearningfromothernations.D)Theyhavemadeuseofadvancedtechnologies.118SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11826.A)Shetaughtchemistryandmicrobiologycoursesinacollege.B)Shegavelecturesonhowtobecomeapublicspeaker.C)Shehelpedfamiliesmoveawayfromindustrialpolluters.D)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenvironmentalpollution.27.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings.B)Thejobposedapotentialthreattoherhealth.C)Shefoundtheworkingconditionsfrustrating.D)Shewasofferedabetterjobinaminoritycommunity.28.A)Somegiantindustrialpollutershavegoneoutofbusiness.B)Moreenvironmentalorganizationshaveappeared.C)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup.D)Morebranchesofhercompanyhavebeensetup.29.A)HerwidespreadinfluenceamongmembersofCongress.B)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking.C)Herrigoroustrainingindeliveringeloquentspeeches.D)Herlifelongcommitmenttodomesticandglobalissues.118PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11830.A)Thefiercecompetitioninthemarket.B)Thegrowingnecessityofstafftraining.C)Theacceleratedpaceofglobalisation.D)Theurgentneedofadiverseworkforce.31.A)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture.B)Takecoursesofforeignlanguagesandcultures.C)Sharetheexperiencesofpeoplefromothercultures.D)Participateininternationalexchangeprogrammes.32.A)Reflectivethinkingisbecomingcritical.B)Labormarketisgettingglobalised.C)Knowingaforeignlanguageisessential.D)Globalisationwilleliminatemanyjobs.118PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11833.A)Red-hairedwomenwereregardedasmorereliable.B)Brown-hairedwomenwereratedasmorecapable.C)Golden-hairedwomenwereconsideredattractive.D)Black-hairedwomenwerejudgedtobeintelligent.34.A)Theyaresmartandeloquent.B)Theyareambitiousandarrogant.118nC)Theyareshrewdanddishonest.D)Theyarewealthyandindustrious.35.A)Theyforcepeopletofollowtheculturalmainstream.B)Theyexaggeratetherolesofcertaingroupsofpeople.C)Theyemphasizediversityattheexpenseofuniformity.D)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences.118SectionC118Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.TheancientGreeksdevelopedbasicmemorysystemscalledmnemonics.ThenameisfromtheirGoddessofmemory“Mnemosyne”.Intheancientworld,atrainedmemorywasanasset,particularlyinpubliclife.Therewerenodevicesfortakingnotes,andearlyGreekorators(演说家)deliveredlongspeecheswithgreatbecausetheylearnedthespeechesusingmnemonicsystems.TheGreeksdiscoveredthathumanmemoryisanassociativeprocess—thatitworksbylinkingthingstogether.Forexample,thinkofanapple.Theyourbrainregisterstheword“apple”,ittheshape,color,taste,smellandofthatfruit.Allthesethingsareassociatedinyourmemorywiththeword“apple”..Anexamplecouldbewhenyouthinkaboutalectureyouhavehad.Thiscouldtriggeramemoryaboutwhatyou’retalkingaboutthroughthatlecture,whichcanthentriggeranothermemory..AnexamplegivenonawebsiteIwaslookingatfollows:DoyouremembertheshapeofAustria,Canada,Belgium,orGermany?Probablynot.WhataboutItaly,though?.Youmadeanassociationwithsomethingalreadyknown,theshapeofaboot,andItaly’sshapecouldnotbeforgottenonceyouhadmadetheassociation.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltochatintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchfurtherconfirmsthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecandivertadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwick,andToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationusingaspeakerphone.AsKunarandHorowitzreport,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7metrestothebrakingdistanceofacartravellingat100kph.Theyalsofoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83%moreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.Totrytounderstandmoreaboutwhythiswas,theytriedtwofurthertests.Inone,membersofagroupwere118naskedsimplytorepeatwordsspokenbythecaller.Intheother,theyhadtothinkofawordthatbeganwiththelastletterofthewordtheyhadjustheard.Thoseonlyrepeatingwordsperformedthesameasthosewithnodistraction,butthosewiththemorecomplicatedtaskshowedevenworsereactiontimes—anaverageof480millisecondsextradelay.Thisshowsthatwhenpeoplehavetoconsidertheinformationtheyhearcarefully,itcanimpairtheirdrivingabilitysignificantly.Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.47.Carryingonamobilephoneconversationwhileoneisdrivingisconsidereddangerousbecauseitseriouslydistracts.48.Intheexperiments,thetwogroupsofvolunteerswereaskedtohandleaseriesofmovingtaskswhichwereconsidered.49.Resultsoftheexperimentsshowthatthosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecalltooktoreactthanthosewhowerenot.50.Furtherexperimentsrevealthatparticipantstendtorespondwithextradelayiftheyarerequiredtodo.51.Theauthorbelievespersuasion,ratherthan,mightbetheonlywaytostoppeoplefromusingmobilephoneswhiledriving.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenation’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly（自鸣得意的）greenvillageofBerkeley,Calif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivists（活跃分子）andvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity:overtheguiltofthesteel-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere,weaskedoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatisit?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafe—whetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafe—inwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty,”saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsare118nbesidethepoint.It’sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever—quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultline(地质断层)formorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.11852.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?A)Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren’shealthinBerkeley.B)Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.C)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.D)ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.53.WhatresponsedidUSAToday’sreportdraw?A)Aheateddebate.B)Popularsupport.C)Widespreadpanic.D)Strongcriticism.54.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts’studies?A)Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.B)Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.C)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve.D)Theyweren’tconvincedoftheresults.55.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics?A)Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.B)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.C)Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren’shealthhazards.D)Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.56.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom__________.A)theuncertainB)thequantifiableC)anearthquakeD)unhealthyfood118PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed(返还费用).Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimary118ncareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.Howdowefixthisproblem?Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally(最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.Whowillbetheretotreatthem?11857.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.S.healthcaresystemis__________.A)theinadequatetrainingofphysiciansB)thedecliningnumberofdoctorsC)theshrinkingprimarycareresourcesD)theever-risinghealthcarecosts58.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat__________.A)themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecureB)seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrorsC)visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealthD)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter59.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto__________.A)increasetheirincomebyworkingovertimeB)improvetheirexpertiseandserviceC)makevariousdealswithspecialistsD)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality60.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?A)Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.C)Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.D)Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.61.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?A)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.B)Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.C)Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.D)Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.118PartVCloze(5minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.118McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichmadeup“litteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.62.A)elevatingB)conveningC)launchingD)projecting63.A)signalsB)signs118nC)commercialsD)brands“Welitterersfordroppingthisfastfoodlitterthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshavepertinent(相关的)messagesforthefastfood.Mc-Donald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoretolitteringbytheircustomers.”HerecognisedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,placinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitterremained“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreducepackaging,headded.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchers(代金券)orotherforthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsatpointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomerstodisposeoflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereinManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookitsonlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogrammetoreducepackagingmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardtotheimpactoflitteroncommunities，itwas“stilldowntothecustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognisedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,havingalreadytakenmeasurestohelptheissue.64.A)condemnB)refuteC)uncoverD)disregard65.A)aroundB)towardC)inD)off66.A)industryB)careerC)professionD)vocation67.A)excludeB)discourageC)suppressD)retreat68.A)incorporatingB)includingC)comprisingD)containing69.A)unreliableB)unrelatedC)unimportantD)unnecessary70.A)forB)aboutC)withD)to71.A)accessoriesB)meritsC)incentivesD)dividends72.A)curiousB)mysteriousC)strangeD)strategic73.A)narratorB)spokesmanC)mediatorD)broker74.A)inseasonB)atriskC)offhandD)underway75.A)responsibilityB)liabilityC)commissionD)administration76.A)aroundB)byC)onD)above77.A)divertB)minimizeC)degradeD)suspend78.A)ifB)whetherC)soD)but79.A)individualB)concreteC)uniqueD)respective80.A)exceptB)withoutC)despiteD)via81.A)dealB)tackleC)copeD)dispose118PartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.82.Howlongdoesajacketlikethislastme?—(这要看你多长时间穿一次).83.Thetheoryheadvancedhasproved(对许多传统概念的一种挑战).84.Themanager(本可以亲自参加会议),buthewascalledawayforsomeurgentbusinessabroad.85.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthata(均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的).86.Much(我感到遗憾),Iwasunabletofinishtheworkontime.2009年6月英语六级考试真题：PartIWriting(30minutes)118n　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOntheImportanceofaName.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.　　1.有人说名字或名称很重要　　2.也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要　　3.我认为　　OntheImportanceofaName　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　HelicopterMomsvs.Free-RangeKidsWouldyouletyourfourth-graderridepublictransportationwithoutanadult?Probablynot.Still,whenLenoreSkenazy,acolumnistfortheNewYorkSun,wroteaboutlettinghersontakethesubwayalonetogetbackto"Longstoryshort:mysongothomefromadepartmentstoreontheUpperEastSide,shedidn’texpecttogethitwithawaveofcriticismfromreaders.　　“Longstoryshort:Mysongothome,overjoyedwithindependence,”SkenazywroteonApril4intheNewYorkSun.“Longstorylonger:HalfthepeopleI’vetoldthisepisodetonowwanttoturnoninforchildabuse.Asifkeepingkidsunderlockandkeyandcellphoneandcarefulwatchistherightwaytorearkids.It’snot.It’sdebilitating(使虚弱)—forusandforthem.”　　OnlinemessageboardsweresoonfullofpeoplebothapplaudingandcondemningSkenazy’sdecisiontolethersongoitalone.ShewoundupdefendingherselfonCNN(accompaniedbyherson)andonpopularblogslikethebuffingtonpost,whereherfollow-uppiecewasironicallyheadlined“MoreFromAmerica’sWorstMom.”　　Theepisodehasignitedanotheroneofthosedebatesthatdividesparentsintovocalopposingcamps.AreModernparentsneedlesslyoverprotective,oristheworldamorecomplicatedanddangerousplacethanitwaswhenpreviousgenerationswereallowedtowanderaboutunsupervised?　　Fromthe“she’sanirresponsiblemother”campcame:“Shameonyouforbeingsocarelessabouthissafety,”inCommentsonthebuffingtonpost.Andtherewasthisfromamotheroffour:“Howwouldyouhavefeltifhedidn’tcomehome?”ButSkenazygotalotofsupport,too,withwomenandmenwritinginwithstoriesabouthowtheywereallowedtotaketripsallbythemselvesatsevenoreight.Shealsogotheapsofpraiseforbuckingthe“helicopterparent”trend:“GoodforthisMom,”onecommenterwroteonthebuffingtonpost.“Thisisamuch-neededrealitycheck.”　　Lastweek,encouragedbyalltheattention,Skenazystartedherownblog—FreeRange,kids—promotingtheideathatmodernchildrenneedsomeofthesameindependencethathergenerationhad.Inthegoodolddaysnine-year-oldbabyboomersrodetheirbikestoschool,walkedtothestore,tookbuses—andevensubways—allbythemselves.Herblog,shesays,isdedicatedtosensibleparenting.“AtFreeRangeKids,webelieveinsafekids.Webelieveincarseatsandsafetybelts.WedoNOTbelievethateverytimeschool-agechildrengooutside,theyneedasecurityguard.”　　Sowhyaresomeparentssonervousaboutlettingtheirchildrenoutoftheirsight?Arecities118nandtownslesssafeandkidsmorevulnerabletocrimeslikechildkidnapandsexualabusethantheywereinpreviousgenerations?　　Notexactly.NewYorkCity,forinstance,issaferthanit’severbeen;it’sranked36thincrimeamongallAmericancities.Nationwide,stringerkidnapsareextremelyrare;there’saone-in-a-millionchanceachildwillbetakenbyastranger,accordingtotheJusticeDepartment.And90percentofsexualabusecasesarecommittedbysomeonethechildknows.Mortalityratesfromallcauses,includingdiseaseandaccidents,forAmericanchildrenarelowernowthantheywere25years’ago.AccordingtoChildTrends,anonprofitresearchgroup,between1980and2003deathratesdroppedby44percentforchildrenaged5to14and32percentforteensaged15to19.　　Thenthere’sthewholequestionofwhethermodernparentsaremorewatchfulandnervousaboutsafetythanpreviousgenerations.Yes,someare.PartoftheproblemisthatwithwalltowallInternetandcablenews,everymissingchildcasegetssomuchairtimethatit’snotsurprisingevennormalparentalanxietycanbeamplified.Andmanymiddle-classparentshavegottenusedtomanagingtheirchildren’stimeandshuttlingthemtovariousenrichingactivities,sotheideaoflettingthemoutontheirowncanseemlikearisk.Backin1972,whenmanyoftoday’sparentswerekids,87percentofchildrenwholivedwithinamileofschoolwalkedorbikedeveryday.Buttoday,theCentersforDiseaseControlreportthatonly13percentofchildrenbike,walkorotherwisetthemselvestoschool.　　Theextrasupervisionisbothacityandasuburbphenomenon.Parentsareworriedaboutcrime,andtheyareworriedaboutkidsgettingcaughtintrafficinacitythat’snotusedtopedestrians.Ontheotherhand,therearestillplentyofkidswhoseparentsgivethemalotofindependence,bychoiceorbynecessity.TheAfterSchoolAlliancefindsthatmorethan14millionkidsaged5to17areresponsiblefortakingcareofthemselvesafterschool.Only6.5millionkidsparticipateinorganizedprograms.“Manychildrenwhohaveworkingparentshavetotakethesubwayorbustogettoschool.Manydothisbythemselvesbecausetheyhavenootherwaytogettotheschools,”saysDr.RichardGallagher,directoroftheParentingInstituteattheNewYorkUniversityChildStudyCenter.　　Forthoseparentswhowonderhowandwhentheyshouldstartallowingtheirkidsmorefreedom,there’snoclear-cutanswer.Childexpertsdiscourageaone-size-fits-allapproachtoparenting.What’srightforSkenazy’snine-year-oldcouldbeinappropriateforanotherone.Italldependsondevelopmentalissue,maturity,andthepsychologicalandemotionalmakeupofthatchild.Severalfactorsmustbetakenintoaccount,saysGallagher.“Theabilitytofollowparentguidelines,thechild’slevelofcomfortinhandlingsuchsituations,andachild’sgeneraljudgmentshouldbeweighed.”　　GallagheragreeswithSkenazythatmanynine-year-oldsarereadyforindependenceliketakingpublictransportationalone.“Atcertaintimesoftheday,oncertainroutes,thesubwaysaregenerallysafeforthesechildren,especiallyiftheyhavegrownupinthecityandhavebeentaughthowtobesafe,howtoobtainhelpiftheyareconcernedfortheirsafety,andhowtoavoidunsafesituationsbybeingwatchfulandontheirtoes.”　　Butevenwithmoretrafficandfewersidewalks,modernparentsdohaveoneadvantagetheirparentsdidn’t:thecellphone.Beingabletocheckinwithachildanytimegoesalongwaytowardrelievingparentalanxietyandmayhelpparentsloosentheircontrolalittlesooner.Skenazygotalotofcriticismbecauseshedidn’tgiveherkidhercellphonebecauseshethoughthe’dloseitand118nwantedhimtolearntogoitalonewithoutdependingonmom—amajorprincipleoffree-rangeparenting.Butmostparentsaremorethanhappytousecellphonestokeeptrackoftheirkids.　　Andforthosewholiketheideaoffree-rangekidsbutstillstrugglewiththeirinnerhelicopterparent,theremaybeamiddleway.AnewgenerationofGPScellphoneswithtrackingsoftwaremakeiteasierthanevertofollowachild’severymovementviatheInternet—withoutseemingtointerfereorhover.Ofcourse,whentheygotocollege,theymightstartobjectingtobeingmonitoredasthey’reonparole(假释).　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1181.WhenLenoreSkenazy’ssonwasallowedtotakethesubwayalone,he________.　　A．wasafraidthathemightgetlost　　B．enjoyedhavingtheindependence　　C．wasonlytoopleasedtotaketherisk　　D．thoughthewasanexceptionalchild　　2.LenoreSkenazybelievesthatkeepingkidsundercarefulwatch　　A．hinderstheirhealthygrowth　　B．addstoomuchtoparents’expenses　　C．showstraditionalparentalcaution　　D．bucksthelatestparentingtrend　　3.Skenazy’sdecisiontolethersontaketheSubwayalonehasnetwith________.　　A．oppositionfromherownfamily　　B．shareparentingexperience　　C．fightagainstchildabuse　　D．protectchildren’srights　　4.Skenazystartedherownblogto________.　　A．promotesensibleparenting　　B．shareparentingexperience　　C．fightagainstchildabuse　　D．protectchildren’srights　　5.Accordingtotheauthor,NewYorkCity________.　　A．rankshighinroadaccidents　　B．ismuchsafethanbefore　　C．rankslowinchildmortalityrates　　D．islessdangerousthansmallcities　　6.Parentstodayaremorenervousabouttheirkids’safetythanpreviousgenerationsbecause________.　　A．therearenowfewerchildreninthefamily　　B．thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasbeenincreasing　　C．theirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrime　　D．crimerateshavebeenontheriseovertheyears　　7.Accordingtochildexperts,howandwhenkidsmaybeallowedmorefreedomdependson________.　　A．thetraditionsandcustomsofthecommunity　　B．thesafetyconditionsoftheirneighborhood　　C．theirparents’psychologicalmakeup　　D．theirmaturityandpersonalqualities118　　8.AccordingtoGallagherandSkenazy,childrenwhoarewatchfulwillbebetterabletostayawayfromUnsafesituations.　　9.Beingabletofindoutwhereachildisanytimehelpslessenparents’Theiranxietyandcontrol.　　10.NowadayswiththehelpofGPScellphones,parentscan,fromadistance,tracktheirchildren’sMovements.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。118n　　11811.A．Fredforgottocallhimlastnightaboutthecampingtrip.　　B．HeisnotgoingtolendhissleepingbagtoFred.　　C．HehasnotseenFredatthegymforsometime.　　D．Fredmayhaveborrowedasleepingbagfromsomeoneelse.　　12.A．Summerhasbecomehotterinrecentyears.　　B．Itwillcooldownabitovertheweekend.　　C．Swimminginapoolhasarelaxingeffect.　　D．Hehopestheweatherforecastisaccurate.　　13.A．TakingapictureofProf.Brown.　　B．Commentingonanoil-painting.　　C．HostingaTVprogram.　　D．Stagingaperformance.　　14.A．Shecanhelpthemantakecareoftheplants.　　B．Mostplantsgrowbetterindirectsunlight.　　C．Theplantsneedtobewateredfrequently.　　D．Theplantsshouldbeplacedinashadyspot.　　15.A．Changetoamoreexcitingchannel.　　B．Seethemoviesomeothertime.　　C．Gotobedearly.　　D．Stayuptilleleven.　　16.A．Bothofthemarelaymenofmodernart.　　B．Shehasbeamedtoappreciatemodemsculptures.　　C．Italianartists’worksaredifficulttounderstand.　　D．Modernartistsaregenerallyconsideredweird.　　17.A．Theyseemsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavedone.　　B．Theyhavecalledallclubmemberstocontribute.　　C．Theythinkthedaycanbecalledamemorableone.　　D．Theyfindithardtoraisemoneyforthehospital.　　18.A．Themanshouldn’thesitatetotakethecourse.　　B．Themanshouldtalkwiththeprofessorfirst.　　C．Thecourseisn’topentoundergraduates.　　D．Thecoursewillrequirealotofreading.　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A．Currenttrendsineconomicdevelopment.　　B．Domesticissuesofgeneralsocialconcern.　　C．StoriesaboutBritain’srelationswithothernations.　　D．Conflictsandcompromisesamongpoliticalparties.　　20.A．Basedonthepollofpublicopinions.　　B．Byinterviewingpeoplewhofilecomplaints.　　C．Byanalyzingthedomesticandinternationalsituation.　　D．Basedonpublicexpectationsandeditors’judgment.　　21.A．Underlyingrulesofediting.　　B．Practicalexperience.　　C．Audience’sfeedback.　　D．Professionalqualifications.　　Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　22.A．Theaveragelifespanwaslessthan50years.　　B．Itwasverycommonforthemtohave12children.　　C．Theyretiredfromworkmuchearlierthantoday.118n　　D．Theywerequiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.　　23.A．Getreadyforecologicalchanges.　　B．Adapttothenewenvironment.　　C．Learntousenewtechnology.　　D．Explorewaystostayyoung.　　24.A．Whenallwomengoouttowork.　　B．Whenfamilyplanningisenforced..　　C．Whenaworldgovernmentissetup.　　D．Whenallpeoplebecomewealthier.　　25.A．Eliminatepovertyandinjustice.　　B．Migratetootherplanets.　　C．Controltheenvironment.　　D．Findinexhaustibleresources.118　　SectionB　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.A．Tohelpyoungpeopleimprovetheirdrivingskills.　　B．Toalertteenagerstothedangersofrecklessdriving.　　C．Toteachyoungpeopleroadmannersthroughvideotapes.　　D．Toshowteensthepenaltiesimposedoncarelessdrivers.　　27.A．Roadaccidents.　　B．Streetviolence.　　C．Drugabuse.　　D．Lungcancer.　　28.A．Ithaschangedteens’wayoflife.　　B．Ithasmadeteensfeellikeadults.　　C．Ithasaccomplisheditsobjective.　　D．Ithasbeensupportedbyparents.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　29.A．Customersmaygetaddictedtothesmells.　　B．Customersmaybemisledbythesmells.　　C．Ithidesthedefectsofcertaingoods.　　D．Itgivesrisetounfaircompetition.　　30.A．Flexible.　　B．Critical.　　C．Supportive.　　D．Cautious.　　31.A．Theflowerscentstimulatedpeople’sdesiretobuy.　　B．Strongersmellshadgreatereffectsonconsumers.　　C．Mostshoppershatedthesmalltheshoestore.　　D．84%ofthecustomerswereunawareofthesmells.118PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　32.A．Agoodstrainhitabuscarryingmanypassengers.　　B．Twopassengertrainscrashedintoeachother.　　C．Apassengertraincollidedwithagoodstrain.　　D．Anexpresstrainwasderailedwhenhitbyabomb.118n　　33.A．Therescueoperationshavenotbeenveryeffective.　　B．Morethan300injuredpassengerswerehospitalized.　　C．Thecauseofthetragicaccidentremainsunknown.　　D．Theexactcasualtyfiguresarenotyetavailable.　　34.A．Therewasabombscare.　　B．Therewasaterroristattack.　　C．Afirealarmwassetoffbymistake.　　D．50poundsofexplosiveswerefound.　　35.A．Followpolicemen’sdirections.　　B．Keepaneyeweather.　　C．Avoidsnow-coveredroads.　　D．Drivewithspecialcare.118　　SectionC　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Englishistheleadinginternationallanguage.Indifferentcountriesaroundtheglobe,Englishisacquiredasthemother(36)________,inothersit’susedasasecondlanguage.SomenationsuseEnglishastheir(37)________language,performingthefunctionof(38)________;inothersit’susedasaninternationallanguageforbusiness,(39)________andindustry.　　Whatfactorsandforceshaveledtothe(40)________ofEnglish?WhyisEnglishnowconsideredtobesoprestigiousthat,acrosstheglobe,individualsandsocietiesfeel(41)________iftheydonothave(42)________inthislanguage?HowhasEnglishchangedthrough1,500Years?Thesearesomeofthequestionsthatyou(43)________whenyoustudyEnglish.　　YoualsoexaminetheimmensevariabilityofEnglishand(44)________.Youdevelopin-depthknowledgeoftheintricatestructureofthelanguage.Whydosomenon-nativespeakersofEnglishclaimthatit’sadifficultlanguagetolearn,while(45)________?AttheUniversityofSussex,youareintroducedtothenatureandgrammarofEnglishinallaspects.Thisinvolvesthestudyofsoundstructures,theformationofwords,thesequencingwordsandtheconstructionofmeaning,aswellasexaminationofthetheoriesexplainingtheaspectsofEnglishusage.(46)________,whichareraisedbystudyinghowspeakersandwritersemployEnglishforawidevarietyofpurposes.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　ThereisnothingnewaboutTVandfashionmagazinesgivinggirlsunhealthyideasabouthowthintheyneedtobeinordertobeconsideredbeautiful.WhatissurprisingisthemethodpsychologistsattheUniversityofTexashavecomeupwithtokeepgirlsfromdevelopingeatingdisorders.Theirmainweaponagainstsuperskinny(role)models:abrandofcivildisobediencedubbed“bodyactivism.”　　Since2001,morethan1,000highschoolandcollegestudentsintheU.S.haveparticipatedin118ntheBodyProject,whichworksbygettinggirlstounderstandhowtheyhavebeenbuyingintothenotionthatyouhavetobethintobehappyorsuccessful.Aftercritiquing(评论)theso-calledthinidealbywritingessaysandrole-playingwiththeirpeers,participantsaredirectedtocomeupwithandexecutesmall,nonviolentacts.Theyincludeslippingnotessaying“Loveyourbodythewayitis”intodietingbooksatstoreslikeBordersandwritingletterstoMattel,makersoftheimpossiblyproportionedBarbiedoll.　　AccordingtoastudyinthelatestissueoftheJournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology,theriskofdevelopingeatingdisorderswasreduced61%amongBodyProjectparticipants.Andtheycontinuedtoexhibitpositivebody-imageattitudesaslongasthreeyearsaftercompletingtheprogram,whichconsists,offourone-hoursessions.Suchlastingeffectsmaybeduetogirls’realizingnotonlyhowtheywerebeinginfluencedbutalsowhowasbenefitingfromthesocietalpressuretobethin.“Thesepeoplewhopromotetheperfectbodyreallydon’tcareaboutyouatall,”saysKelseyHertel,ahighschooljuniorandBodyProjectveteraninEugene,Oregon.“Theypurposefullymakeyoufeellikelessofapersonsoyou’llbuytheirstuffandthey’llmakemoney.”　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　47.Weredogirlsgetthenotionthattheyneedtobethininordertobeconsideredbeautiful?　　48.Bypromoting“bodyactivism,”UniversityofTexaspsychologistsaimtoprevent________.　　49.Accordingtotheauthor,Mattel’sBarbiedollsare________.　　50.ThepositiveeffectsoftheBodyProjectmaylastupto________.　　51.OneBodyProjectparticipantsaysthattherealmotiveofthosewhopromotetheperfectbodyisto________.　　SectionBPassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtles(海龟)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlings(幼龟)downtothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.　　ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.　　Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglected118ntheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.　　Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs(恐龙)willmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.　　A．humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive　　B．effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout　　C．governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction　　D．marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction　　53.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?　　A．Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.　　B．Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.　　C．Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.　　D．Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.　　54.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?　　A．Theirinadequatefoodsupply.　　B．Unregulatedcommercialfishing.　　C．Theirlowerreproductivelyability.　　D．Contaminationofseawater　　55.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?　　A．Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.　　B．Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.　　C．Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.　　D．Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.　　56.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto________.　　A．persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles　　B．stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected　　C．callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival　　D．warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies　　PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Therearefewmoresoberingonlineactivitiesthanenteringdataintocollege-tuitioncalculatorsandgaspingastheWebspitsbackasix-figuresum.Buteconomistssayfamiliesabouttogointodebttofundfouryearsofpartying,aswellasstudying,canconsolethemselveswiththeknowledgethatcollegeisaninvestmentthat,unlikemanybankstocks,shouldyieldhugedividends.118n　　A2008studybytwoHarvardeconomistsnotesthatthe“labor-marketpremiumtoskill”—ortheamountcollegegraduatesearnedthat’sgreaterthanwhathigh-schoolgraduateearned—decreasedformuchofthe20thcentury,buthascomebackwithavengeance(报复性地)sincethe1980s.In2005,Thetypicalfull-timeyear-roundU.S.workerwithafour-yearcollegedegreeearned$50,900,62%morethanthe$31,500earnedbyaworkerwithonlyahigh-schooldiploma.　　There’snoquestionthatgoingtocollegeisasmarteconomicchoice.Butalookatthestrangevariationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichcollegetoattenddoesn’tcomedownmerelytodollarsandcents.DoesgoingtoColumbiaUniversity(tuition,roomandboard$49,260in2007-08)yielda40%greaterreturnthanattendingtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderasanout-of-statestudent($35,542)?Probablynot.Doesbeinganout-of-statestudentattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderyieldtwicetheamountofincomeasbeinganin-statestudent($17,380)there?Notlikely.　　No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuyersaren’tevaluatingcollegeasaninvestment,butratherasaconsumerproduct—likeacarorclothesorahouse.Andwithsuchpurchases,priceisonlyoneofmanycrucialfactorstoconsider.　　Aswithautomobiles,consumersintoday’scollegemarketplacehavevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgivesthemthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninlinewiththeirbudgets.Thisaccountsforthewillingnessofpeopletopaymorefordifferenttypesofexperiences(suchasattendingaprivateliberal-artscollegeorgoingtoanout-of-statepublicschoolthathasagreatmarine-biologyprogram).Andjustastwoautopurchasersmightspendanequalamountofmoneyonverydifferentcars,collegestudents(or,moreaccurately,theirparents)oftenshowawillingnesstopayessentiallythesamepriceforvastlydifferentproducts.Sowhichisit?Iscollegeaninvestmentproductlikeastockoraconsumerproductlikeacar?Inkeepingwiththeautomotiveworld’shottestconsumertrend,maybeit’sbesttocharacterizeitasahybrid(混合动力汽车);anexpensiveconsumerproductthat,overtime,willpayrichdividends.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11857.What’stheopinionofeconomistsaboutgoingtocollege?　　A．Hugeamountsofmoneyisbeingwastedoncampussocializing.　　B．Itdoesn’tpaytorunintodebttoreceiveacollegeeducation.　　C．Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartlingcosts.　　D．Goingtocollegedoesn’tnecessarilybringtheexpectedreturns.　　58.ThetwoHarvardeconomistsnoteintheirstudythat,formuchofthe20thcentury,________.　　A．enrollmentkeptdecreasinginvirtuallyallAmericancollegesanduniversities　　B．thelabormarketpreferredhigh-schooltocollegegraduates　　C．competitionforuniversityadmissionswasfarmorefiercethantoday　　D．thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed　　59.Studentswhoattendanin-statecollegeoruniversitycan________.　　A．savemoreontuition　　B．receiveabettereducation　　C．takemoreliberal-artscourses　　D．avoidtravelinglongdistances　　60.Inthisconsumeristage,mostparents________.　　A．regardcollegeeducationasawiseinvestment　　B．placeapremiumontheprestigeofthe118nCollege　　C．thinkitcrucialtosendtheirchildrentocollege　　D．considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct　　61.Whatisthechiefconsiderationwhenstudentschooseacollegetoday?　　A．Theiremploymentprospectsaftergraduation.　　B．Asatisfyingexperiencewithintheirbudgets.　　C．Itsfacilitiesandlearningenvironment.　　D．Itsrankingamongsimilarinstitutions.118　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　118SomehistoriansaythatthemostimportantcontributionofDwightEisenhower’spresidency(总统任期)inthe1950swastheU.S.interstatehighwaysystem.Itwasa__62__project,easilysurpassingthescaleofsuchprevioushuman__63__asthePanamaCanal.Eisenhower’sinterstatehighways__64__thenationtogetherinnewwaysand__65__majoreconomicgrowthbymakingcommerceless__66__.Today,aninformationsuperhighwayhasbeenbuilt—anelectronicnetworkthat__67__libraries,corporations,governmentagenciesand__68__.ThiselectronicsuperhighwayiscalledtheInternet,__69__itisthebackbone(主干)oftheWorldWideWeb.　　TheInternethadits__70__ina1969U.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledARPAnet,which__71__AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork.ThePentagonbuiltthenetworkformilitarycontractorsanduniversitiesdoingmilitaryresearchto__72__information.In1983theNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),__73__missionistopromotescience,tookover.　　ThisnewNSFnetwork__74__moreandmoreinstitutionalusers,mayof__75__hadtheirowninternalnetworks.Forexample,mostuniversitiesthat__76__theNSFnetworkhadintracampuscomputernetworks.TheNSFnetwork__77__becameaconnectorforthousandsofothernetworks.__78__abackbonesystemthatinterconnectsnetworks,internetwasanamethatfit.　　SowecanseethattheInternetisthewiredinfrastructure(基础设施)onwhichweb__79__move.Itbeganasamilitarycommunicationsystem,whichexpandedintoagovernment-funded__80__researchnetwork.　　Today,theInternetisauser-financedsystemtyingintuitionsofmanysortstogether__81__an“informationsuperhighway.”　　62.A．conciseC．massiveB．radicalD．trivial　　63.A．behaviorsC．inventionsB．endeavorsD．elements　　64.A．packedC．suppressedB．stuckD．bound　　65.A．facilitatedC．mobilizedB．modifiedDterminated　　66.A．competitiveC．exclusiveB．comparativeD．expensive　　67.A．mergesC．relaysB．connectsD．unifies　　68.A．figuresC．individualsB．personalitiesD．humans　　69.A．andC．orB．yetD．while　　70.A．samplesC．originsB．sourcesD．precedents　　71.A．stoodbyC．stoodagainstB．stoodforD．stoodover　　72.A．exchangeC．switchB．bypassD．interact　　73.A．theirC．whenB．thatD．whose　　74.A．expandedC．attractedB．contractedD．extended　　75.A．whatC．theseB．whichD．them118n　　76.A．joinedC．participatedB．attachedD．involved　　77.A．moreoverC．likewiseB．howeverD．then　　78.A．WithC．InB．ByD．As　　79.A．contextsC．messagesB．signsD．leaflets　　80.A．citizenC．amateurB．civilianD．resident　　81.A．intoC．overB．amidD．toward　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)118　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.Withtheoilpriceseverrising,shetriedtotalk________(说服他不买车).　　83.________(保持幽默有助于)reducestressandpromotecreativethinkingintoday’scompetitivesociety..　　84.Whenconfrontedwiththeevidence,________(他不得不坦白自己的罪行).　　85.Whenpeoplesay,“Icanfeelmyearsburning,”itmeanstheythink________(一定有人在说他们坏话).　　86.Shehasdecidedtogoonadiet,butfinds________(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).2010年6月英语六级真题PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；3.我认为…DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinesePartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericansAsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefelta118nburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls."I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."StinginthetailAshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.Dramaticshift118nWhatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.LingeringracismIftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.DropinbiasBrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.Talkinghonestly118n"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.HugeobstaclesItcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.BeyondraceWealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselect118nindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?A)Excited.B)Victorious.C)Anxious.D)Relieved.2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether_____.A)shecouldobtainherMBAdegreeB)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlifeC)shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeersD)shewasreallyanachieverasastudent3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?A)RacistsentimentsinAmerica.B)Thepowerofrolemodels.C)Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.D)ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______.A)blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelectionB)whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychangedC)Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacksD)Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.B)Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.C)Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.D)Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.A)morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpoliciesB)relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagainC)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequalityD)whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______.A)Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotentialB)Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellenceC)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansocietyD)blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton______.9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's118n______.10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11811.A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise.B)Thewomanhasapoormemory.C)Themanborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.D)Thewomandoesnotneedthebookanymore.12.A)Thewomanismakingtoobigafussabouthercondition.B)Fatigueisatypicalsymptomoflackofexercise.C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.D)Peopletendtoworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.13.A)TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.B)ItisnotinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.C)SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.14.A)Heregretshavingpublishedthearticle.B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints.C)Notmanypeoplehavereadhisarticle.D)Thewomanisonlytryingtoconsolehim.15.A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing.B)GoseeDaisyimmediately.C)ApologizetoDaisyagainbyphone.D)BuyDaisyanewnotebook.16.A)Batteries.B)Gardentools.C)Cameras.D)Lightbulbs.17.A)Thespeakerswillwatchthegametogether.118nB)Thewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticket.C)Themanplayscenteronthebasketballteam.D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.18.A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert.B)Themanwillreturnhomebeforegoingtotheconcert.C)Itisthefirsttimethespeakersareattendingaconcert.D)Thewomanisgoingtobuyanewdressfortheconcert.118Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11819.A)Hewantstosignalong-termcontract.B)Heisgoodatbothlanguageandliterature.C)Heprefersteachingtoadministrativework.D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor.20.A)Theyhateexams.B)TheallplantostudyinCambridge.C)Theyarealladults.D)Theyaregoingtoworkincompanies.21.A)Difficultbutrewarding.B)Variedandinteresting.C)Time-consumingandtiring.D)Demandingandfrustrating.118Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11822.A)Interviewingamovingstar.B)Discussingteenagerolemodels.C)Hostingatelevisionshow.D)Reviewinganewbiography.23.A)Helosthismother.B)HewasunhappyinCalifornia.C)Hemissedhisaunt.D)Hehadtoattendschoolthere.24.A)Hedeliveredpublicspeeches.B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting.C)HehostedtalkshowsonTV.D)HeplayedaroleinEastofEden.25.A)Hemadenumerouspopularmovies.B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure.C)HewasbestatactinginHollywoodtragedies.D)Hewasthemostsuccessfulactorofhistime.118SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices118nmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11826.A)Itcarriedpassengersleavinganisland.B)AterroristforcedittolandonTenerife.C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland.D)18ofitspassengerssurvivedthecrash.27.A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago.B)HefailedinhisnegotiationswiththeAfricans.C)HewasassassinatedinCentralAfrica.D)HelostlotsofmoneyinhisAfricanbusiness.28.A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement.B)Theworkers'paywasraisedandtheirworkinghourswereshortened.C)Thetradeuniongaveupitsdemand.D)Theworkersonstrikewereallfired.29.A)Sunny.B)Rainy.C)Windy.D)Cloudy.118PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11830.A)Someofthemhadonceexperiencedanearthquake.B)Mostofthemlackedinterestinthesubject.C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology.D)Acoupleofthemhadlistenedtoasimilarspeechbefore.31.A)ByreflectingonAmericans'previousfailuresinpredictingearthquakes.B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred.C)Bydescribingthedestructivepowerofearthquakes.D)Byexplainingsomeessentialgeologicalprinciples.32.A)Interrupthimwheneverhedetectedamistake.B)Focusontheaccuracyofthelanguageheused.C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding.D)Writedownanypointswherehecouldimprove.118Passage118nThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11833.A)Itwasinventedbyagroupoflanguageexpertsintheyearof1887.B)ItisalanguagethathasitsorigininancientPolish.C)Itwascreatedtopromoteeconomicglobalization.D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.34.A)ItaimstomakeEsperantoaworkinglanguageintheU.N.B)Ithasincreaseditspopularitywiththehelpofthemedia.C)Ithasencounteredincreasinglytougherchallenges.D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld.35.A)Itisusedbyanumberofinfluentialsciencejournals.B)Itiswidelytaughtatschoolsandinuniversities.C)Ithasarousedtheinterestofmanyyounglearners.D)Ithashadagreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry.118SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare."You're(36)______.""You'resostrong."Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant(37)______ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,(38)______partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselves(39)______theviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.The(40)______connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationis(41)______evidentinchildrenwhoare(42)______ofhumancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfrom118nothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverely(43)______bylackoflanguage.Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotionalwell-being.Consistently,(44)________________________________________________.Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.(45)________________________________________________.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationisstatisticallyasdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethat(46)_______________________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Question:Myninth-gradeartteacherdoesn'tgiveanygradeabove94%because,shesays,"There'salwaysroomforimprovement."Inpreviousyears,Iearneda99%anda100%.The94IreceivedthistermdoesnotreflectthehardworkthatIputintothiscourse.Becauseofher"improvement"theory,IgotalowergradethanIdeserve.Ishergradingphilosophyethical(符合职业道德规范的)?Answer:Yourteacher'sgradingsystemmaybeunwise,butitisnotunethical.Ateacherdeserveswidelatitudeinselectingthemethodofgradingthatbestpromoteslearninginherclassroom;thatis,afterall,theprimefunctionofgrades.Itisshewhohasthetrainingandexperiencetomakethisdecision.Assumingthatyourteacherisneitherbiasednorcorruptandthathersystemconformstoschoolrules,youcan'tfaultherethics.Youcancriticizehermethodology.A100neednotimplythatthereisnopossibilityofimprovement,onlythatastudentsuccessfullycompletedthecoursework.Aninthgradercould118ngetawell-earned100inEnglishclassbutstillhaveawaytogobeforeshewritesaswellasJaneAusten.What'smore,gradesarenotonlyaneducationaldevicebutarealsopartofascreeningsystemtohelpassignkidstotheirnextclassorprogram.Bycappinghergradesat94whilemostotherteachersgradeonascalethattopsoutat100,yourteachercouldjeopardizeastudent'schanceofgettingascholarshiporgettingintoatopcollege.Whatitiswrongtocondemnherforisoverlookingyourhardwork.Youdiligenceisworthyofencouragement,buteffortdoesnotequalaccomplishment.IfscholarssuddenlydiscoveredthatRembrandthaddashedoff"TheNightWatch"inanafternoon,itwouldstillbe"TheNightWatch."Icouldspendmonthssweatingovermyown"paintings",butI'dproducesomethingyouwouldn'twanttohanginyourlivingroom.Oryourgarage.Onefeatureofagoodgradingsystemisthatthosemeasuredbyitgenerallyregarditasfairandreasonable—notthecasehere.Simmering(难以平息的)resentmentisseldomanaidtoeducation.Andsoyournextstepshouldbetodiscussyourconcernswithyourteacherortheprincipal.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.Theninth-graderthoughtthathisartteachershouldhavegivenhim______.48.Accordingtotheanswer,ateachershouldhavethefreedomto______toencouragelearning.49.Welearnfromtheanswerthatastudentwhogetsa100shouldstillworkhardandkeep______.50.TheexampleofRembrandt'spaintingsuggeststhatadistinctionshouldbemadebetween______.51.Theninth-graderisadvisedtogotohisteacherortheprincipalto______.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage118nOneQuestions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不断积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamily118nshouldbethatmuchclearer.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11852.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowthB)ThefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparentsC)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.118PassageTwoQuestions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere's118nnoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfromnow"tomakesenseoftheworld.HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11857.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.118nB)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.59.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.118PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Anewstudyfoundthatinner-citykidslivinginneighborhoodswithmoregreenspacegainedabout13%lessweightoveratwo-yearperiodthankidslivingamidmoreconcreteandfewertrees.118nSuch__62__tellapowerfulstory.Theobesityepidemicbeganinthe1980s,andmanypeople__63__ittoincreasedportionsizesandinactivity,butthatcan'tbeeverything.FastfoodsandTVshavebeen__64__usforalongtime."Mostexpertsagreethatthechangeswere__65__tosomethingintheenvironment,"sayssocialepidemiologistThomasGlassofTheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Thatsomethingcouldbea__66__ofthegreen.Thenewresearch,__67__intheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicine,isn'tthefirsttoassociategreenerywithbetterhealth,butitdoesgetuscloser__68__identifyingwhatworksandwhy.Atitsmoststraightforward,agreenneighborhood__69__meansmoreplacesforkidstoplay–whichis__70__sincetimespentoutdoorsisoneofthestrongestcorrelatesofchildren'sactivitylevels.Butgreenspaceisgoodforthemind__71__:researchbyenvironmentalpsychologistshasshownthatithascognitive__72__forchildrenwithattention-deficitdisorder.Inonestudy,justreading__73__inagreensettingimprovedkids'symptoms.__74__tograssyareashasalsobeenlinkedto__75__stressandalowerbodymassindex(体重指数)amongadults.Andan__76__of3,000Tokyoresidentsassociatedwalkablegreenspaceswithgreaterlongevity(长寿)amongseniorcitizens.Glasscautionsthatmoststudiesdon't__77__proveacausallinkbetweengreennessandhealth,butthey'renonethelesshelpingspuraction.InSeptembertheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives__78__thedelightfullynamedNoChildLeftInsideActtoencouragepublicinitiativesaimedatexposingkidstotheoutdoors.Findinggreenspaceisnot__79__easy,andyoumayhavetoworkabittogetyourfamilyalittlegrassandtrees.Ifyouliveinasuburboracitywithgoodparks,take__80__ofwhat'sthere.Yourchildreninparticularwillloveit–andtheirbodiesandmindswillbe__81__toyou.62.A)findingsB)thesesC)hypothesesD)abstracts63.A)adaptB)attributeC)allocateD)alternate64.A)amongstB)alongC)besideD)with65.A)gluedB)relatedC)trackedD)appointed66.A)scrapingB)denyingC)depressingD)shrinking67.A)publishedB)simulatedC)illuminatedD)circulated68.A)atB)toC)forD)over69.A)fullyB)simplyC)seriouslyD)118nuniquely70.A)vitalB)casualC)fatalD)subtle71.A)stillB)alreadyC)tooD)yet72.A)benefitsB)profitsC)revenuesD)awards73.A)outwardB)apartC)asideD)outside74.A)ImmunityB)ReactionC)ExposureD)Addiction75.A)muchB)lessC)moreD)little76.A)installmentB)expeditionC)analysisD)option77.A)curiouslyB)negativelyC)necessarilyD)comfortably78.A)relievedB)delegatedC)approvedD)performed79.A)merelyB)alwaysC)mainlyD)almost80.A)advantageB)exceptionC)measureD)charge81.A)elevatedB)mercifulC)contentedD)gratefulPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.__________________(他们的独生儿子从未想过)toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.83.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto__________________(权衡你的决定会产生的后果).84.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances__________________(他会违背还钱的承诺).85.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids__________________(不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86.Businessmajorasheis,hehas__________________(从未考虑过从事推销员工作).2010年12月英语六级真题PartIWriting(30minutes)Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledMyViewsonUniversityRanking.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.118n　　1.目前高校排名相当盛行;　　2.对于这种做法人们看法不一;　　3.在我看来……MyViewsonUniversityRankingPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.IntotheUnknown　　Theworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.Canitcope?　　Untiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.　　Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.　　Sincethenthedebatehasbecomelessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganisationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumplanstoconsiderthefutureofpensionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage.　　Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.Governmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecomeunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.　　Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(财政)meltdown,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP’sheadofpolicyandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.　　Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymore118nwomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,increasingemployers’choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoinggrey.　　Inmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabourforceashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingwesternEuropeforabout90%.　　Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelopingcountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleinneedofjobs;manyrichcountriesneedhelpinghandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslabourforcesinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope’smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.　　Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,“old”countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate(使年轻)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.　　Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillslowlybecomeadifferentplace.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeover50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumberthanyoungerones.Academicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartdoingso.　　Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.　　Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffectonsocieties,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica’sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.　　Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfplayinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld’sdefenceeffort.BecauseAmerica’spopulationwillstillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdevelopedcountriesisshrinking,Americawillbetheonlydevelopedcountrythatstillmattersgeopolitically(地缘政治上).118n　　Askmein2020　　Thereislittlethatcanbedonetostoppopulationageing,sotheworldwillhavetolivewithit.Butsomeoftheconsequencescanbealleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventherightpolicies,theeffects,thoughgrave,neednotbecatastrophic.Mostcountrieshaverecognisedtheneedtodosomethingandarebeginningtoact.　　Buteventhenthereisnoguaranteethattheireffortswillwork.Whatishappeningnowishistoricallyunprecedented.RonaldLee,directoroftheCentreontheEconomicsandDemographyofAgeingattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,putsitbrieflyandclearly:“Wedon’treallyknowwhatpopulationageingwillbelike,becausenobodyhasdoneityet.“　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1181.Inits1994report,theWorldBankarguedthatthecurrentpensionsysteminmostcountriescould______.　　[A]notbesustainedinthelongterm　　[B]furtheracceleratetheageingprocess　　[C]hardlyhaltthegrowthofpopulation　　[D]helptideoverthecurrentageingcrisis　　2.WhatmessageisconveyedinbookslikeYoungvsOld?　　[A]Thegenerationgapisboundtonarrow.　　[B]Intergenerationalconflictswillintensify.　　[C]Theyoungergenerationwillbeattheold.　　[D]Oldpeopleshouldgivewaytotheyoung.　　3.Onereasonwhypensionandhealthcarereformsareslowincomingisthat______.　　[A]nobodyiswillingtosacrificetheirownintereststotackletheproblem　　[B]mostpeopleareagainstmeasuresthatwillnotbearfruitimmediately　　[C]theproposedreformswillaffecttoomanypeople’sinterests　　[D]politiciansareafraidoflosingvotesinthenextelection　　4.Theauthorbelievesthemosteffectivemethodtosolvethepensioncrisisisto______.　　[A]allowpeopletoworklonger[C]cutbackonhealthcareprovisions　　[B]increasetaxrevenues[D]startreformsrightaway　　5.Thereasonwhyemployersareunwillingtokeepolderworkersisthat______.　　[A]theyaregenerallydifficulttomanage　　[B]thelongertheywork,thehighertheirpension　　[C]theirpayishigherthanthatofyoungerones　　[D]youngerworkersarereadilyavailable　　6.Tocompensateforthefast-shrinkinglabourforce,Japanwouldneed______.　　[A]toreviseitscurrentpopulationcontrolpolicy　　[B]largenumbersofimmigrantsfromoverseas　　[C]toautomateitsmanufacturingandserviceindustries　　[D]apoliticallyfeasiblepolicyconcerningpopulation　　7.Whydomanywomeninrichcountriescompromisebyhavingonlyonechild?　　[A]Smallfamiliesarebecomingmorefashionable.　　[B]Theyfindithardtobalancecareerandfamily.　　[C]Itistooexpensivetosupportalargefamily.　　[D]Childcareistoobigaproblemforthem.118n　　8.Comparedwithyoungerones,oldersocietiesarelessinclinedto______________________________.　　9.Thepredictedintergenerationalwarfareisunlikelybecausemostoftheolderpeoplethemselves_________________________.　　10.Countriesthathaveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtocommitthemto____________________________.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11811.[A]Themanisthemanageroftheapartmentbuilding.　　[B]Thewomanisverygoodatbargaining.　　[C]Thewomanwillgettheapartmentrefurnished.　　[D]Themanislookingforanapartment.　　12.[A]Howthepictureswillturnout.[C]Whatthemanthinksoftheshots.　　[B]Wherethebotanicalgardenis.[D]Whythepicturesarenotready.　　13.[A]Thereisnoreplacementforthehandle.　　[B]Thereisnomatchforthesuitcase.　　[C]Thesuitcaseisnotworthfixing.　　[D]Thesuitcasecanbefixedintime.　　14.[A]Heneedsavehicletobeusedinharshweather.　　[B]Hehasafairlylargecollectionofqualitytrucks.　　[C]Hehashadhistruckadaptedforcoldtemperatures.　　[D]Hedoesroutinetruckmaintenanceforthewoman.　　15.[A]Shecannotstandherboss’sbadtemper.　　[B]Shehasoftenbeencriticizedbyherboss.　　[C]Shehasmadeuphermindtoresign.　　[D]Sheneverregretsanydecisionsshemakes.　　16.[A]Lookforashirtofamoresuitablecolorandsize.　　[B]Replacetheshirtwithoneofsomeothermaterial.　　[C]Visitadifferentstoreforasilkorcottonshirt.　　[D]Getadiscountontheshirtsheisgoingtobuy.　　17.[A]Ata“LostandFound”.[C]Atatradefair.　　[B]Atareceptiondesk.[D]Atanexhibition.　　18.[A]Repairitandmovein.[C]Convertitintoahotel.　　[B]Passitontohisgrandson.[D]Sellitforagoodprice.　　Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.[A]Uniquedescriptiveskills.[C]Colourfulworldexperiences.　　[B]Goodknowledgeofreaders’tastes.[D]Carefulplottingandclueing.　　20.[A]Apeacefulsetting.[C]Tobeintherightmood.　　[B]Aspaciousroom.[D]Tobeentirely118nalone.　　21.[A]Theyrelyheavilyontheirownimagination.　　[B]Theyhaveexperiencessimilartothecharacters’.　　[C]Theylookattheworldinadetachedmanner.　　[D]Theyareoverwhelmedbytheirownprejudices.　　Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　22.[A]Goodorbad,theyaretheretostay.　　[B]Likeitornot,youhavetousethem.　　[C]Believeitornot,theyhavesurvived.　　[D]Gainorlose,theyshouldbemodernised.　　23.[A]Thefrequenttraindelays.[C]Thefoodsoldonthetrains.　　[B]Thehightrainticketfares.[D]ThemonopolyofBritishRailways.　　24.[A]Thelowefficiencyoftheiroperation.　　[B]Competitionfromothermodesoftransport.　　[C]Constantcomplaintsfrompassengers.　　[D]Thepassingofthenewtransportact.　　25.[A]Theywillbede-nationalised.[C]Theyarefastdisappearing.　　[B]Theyprovideworseservice.[D]Theylosealotofmoney.118　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　PassageOne　　Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.[A]ThewholeAntarcticregionwillbesubmerged.　　[B]Somepolaranimalswillsoonbecomeextinct.　　[C]Manycoastalcitieswillbecoveredwithwater.　　[D]Theearthwillexperienceextremeweathers.　　27.[A]Howhumansaretocopewithglobalwarming.　　[B]HowunstabletheWestAntarcticicesheetis.　　[C]Howvulnerablethecoastalcitiesare.　　[D]Howpolariceimpactsglobalweather.　　28.[A]Itcollapsedatleastonceinthepast1.3millionyears.　　[B]Itsitsfirmlyonsolidrockatthebottomoftheocean.　　[C]Itmeltedattemperaturesabithigherthanthoseoftoday.　　[D]Itwillhavelittleimpactonsealevelwhenitbreaksup.　　29.[A]TheWestAntarcticregionwasonceanopenocean.　　[B]TheWestAntarcticicesheetwasabout7,000feetthick.　　[C]TheWestAntarcticicesheetwasoncefloatingice.　　[D]TheWestAntarcticregionusedtobewarmerthantoday.　　PassageTwo　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.[A]WhetherwecandevelopsocialtiesontheInternet.　　[B]Whetheradeletedphotoisimmediatelyremovedfromtheweb.118n　　[C]Whetherourblogscanbereneweddaily.　　[D]Whetherwecansetupourownwebsites.　　31.[A]Thenumberofvisitstheyreceive.[C]Thefilestheyhavecollected.　　[B]Thewaytheystoredata.[D]Themeanstheyusetogetinformation.　　32.[A]Whenthesystemisdown.[C]WhentheURLisreused.　　[B]Whennewlinksaresetup.[D]Whentheserverisrestarted.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.[A]Someicedcoffeeshaveasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.　　[B]Icedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsarecontaminated.　　[C]Drinkingcoffeeafteramealismorelikelytocauseobesity.　　[D]Somebrand-namecoffeescontainharmfulsubstances.　　34.[A]Havesomefreshfruit.[C]Takeahotshower.　　[B]Exerciseatthegym.[D]Eatahotdinner.　　35.[A]Theycouldenjoyahappierfamilylife.　　[B]Theycouldgreatlyimprovetheirworkefficiency.　　[C]Manycancercasescouldbeprevented.　　[D]Manyembarrassingsituationscouldbeavoided.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。　　Psychologistsarefindingthathopeplaysasurprisinglyvitalroleingivingpeopleameasurableadvantageinrealmsas(36)_____________asacademicachievement,bearingupintoughjobsandcopingwith(37)______________illness.And,bycontrast,thelossofhopeisturningouttobeastrongersignthatapersonmay(38)______________suicidethanotherfactorslongthoughttobemorelikelyrisks.　　“Hopehasprovenapowerfulpredictorof(39)______________ineverystudywe’vedonesofar,”saidDr.CharlesR.Snyder,apsychologistwhohasdeviseda(40)______________toassesshowmuchhopeapersonhas.　　Forexample,inresearchwith3,920collegestudents,Dr.Snyderandhis(41)______________foundthatthelevelofhopeamongfreshmenatthebeginningoftheirfirstsemesterwasamore(42)______________predictoroftheircollegegradesthanweretheirS.A.T.scoresortheirgradepoint(43)______________inhighschool,thetwomeasuresmostcommonlyusedtopredictcollegeperformance.　　(44)”___________________________________________________________________________________________,”Dr.Snydersaid.“Whenyoucomparestudentsofequivalentintelligenceandpastacademicachievements,whatsetsthemapartishope.”118n　　Indevisingawaytoassesshopescientifically,Dr.Snyder(45)________________________　　_______________________________.“Thatnotionisnotconcreteenough,anditblurstwokeycomponentsofhope,”Dr.Snydersaid.(46)”_____________________________________________________________________.”　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Mostyoungboysaretrainedtobelievethatmenshouldbestrong,tough,cool,anddetached.Thus,theylearnearlytohidevulnerableemotionssuchaslove,joy,andsadnessbecausetheybelievethatsuchfeelingsarefeminineandimplyweakness.Overtime,somemenbecomestrangerstotheirownemotionallives.Itseemsthatmenwithtraditionalviewsofmasculinityaremorelikelytosuppressoutwardemotionsandtofearemotions,supposedlybecausesuchfeelingsmayleadtoalossofcomposure(镇定).Keepinmind,however,thatthisviewischallengedbysomeresearchers.Aswithmanygendergaps,differencesinemotionalitytendtobesmall,inconsistent,anddependentonthesituation.Forinstance,Robertsonandcolleaguesfoundthatmaleswhoweremoretraditionallymasculineweremoreemotionallyexpressiveinastructuredexercisethanwhentheyweresimplyaskedtotalkabouttheiremotions.　　Males’difficultywith“tender”emotionshasseriousconsequences.First,suppressedemotionscancontributetostress-relateddisorders.Andworse,menarelesslikelythanwomentoseekhelpfromhealthprofessionals.Second,men’semotionalinexpressivenesscancauseproblemsintheirrelationshipswithpartnersandchildren.Forexample,menwhoendorsetraditionalmasculinenormsreportlowerrelationshipsatisfaction,asdotheirfemalepartners.Further,childrenwhosefathersarewarm,loving,andacceptingtowardthemhavehigherself-esteemandlowerratesofaggressionandbehaviorproblems.Onapositivenote,fathersareincreasinglyinvolvingthemselveswiththeirchildren.And30percentoffathersreportthattheytakeequalorgreaterresponsibilityfortheirchildrenthantheirworkingwivesdo.　　Oneemotionmalesareallowedtoexpressisanger.Sometimesthisangertranslatesintophysicalaggressionorviolence.Mencommitnearly90percentofviolentcrimesintheUnitedStatesandalmostallsexualassaults.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　47.Mostyoungboyshavebeentrainedtobelievethatmenwhoshowtenderfeelingsareconsideredtobe______________.　　48.Somemenbelievethatiftheyexpressedtheiremotionsopenlytheymight______________.　　49.Accordingtotheauthor,menwhosuppresstheiremotionsmaydevelop______________.　　50.Menwhoobservetraditionalmasculinenormsaresaidtoderivelesssatisfactionfrom______________.　　51.Whenmalesgetangry,theycanbecome______________orevencommitviolence.　　SectionB118n　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarⅡ,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld—withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.—topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.　　IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath).ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.　　Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials(资质)formostnonacademiccareers.　　UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished(贫困的)withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.　　Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould_______.[A]solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems118n[C]helpraisepeople’slivingstandards[B]quickenthepaceofindustrialization[D]promotethenation’ssocialprogress　　53.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarⅡ?　　[A]Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.　　[B]Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.　　[C]Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.　　[D]Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.　　54.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?　　[A]TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.　　[B]SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.　　[C]AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.　　[D]Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.　　55.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?　　[A]Insufficientfunding.[C]Shortageofdevotedfaculty.　　[B]Shrinkingenrollment.[D]Dimprospectsforgraduates.　　56.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?　　[A]Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.　　[B]Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.　　[C]Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.　　[D]Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.　　ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.　　ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.　　Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.　　Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.　　“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(工匠)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,”Einsteinwrotein1944.118n　　Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.　　Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.　　“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”　　EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.　　“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”　　PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.　　Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?　　“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?　　[A]Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.　　[B]ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.　　[C]NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.　　[D]ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.　　58.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?　　[A]Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.　　[B]Hisindependentandabstractthinking.　　[C]Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.　　[D]Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.　　59.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?　　[A]Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.　　[B]Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.　　[C]Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.　　[D]Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.　　60.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Lines1-2,Para.9)?　　[A]Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.　　[B]Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.　　[C]PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.　　[D]Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.　　61.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein_______.　　[A]forgottomakefootnotesandcitations　　[B]waslittleknowninacademiccircles　　[C]wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations118n　　[D]knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers　　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　118　America’smostpopularnewspaperwebsitetodayannouncedthattheeraoffreeonlinejournalismisdrawingtoaclose.TheNewYorkTimeshasbecomethebiggestpublisheryetto62plansforapaywallarounditsdigitaloffering,63theacceptedpracticethatinternetuserswillnotpayfornews.　　Struggling64anevaporationofadvertisingandadownwarddriftinstreetcornersales,TheNewYorkTimes65tointroducea“metered”modelatthebeginningof2011.Readerswillberequiredtopaywhentheyhave66asetnumberofitsonlinearticlespermonth.　　Thedecisionputsthe159-year-oldnewspaper67thechargingsideofanincreasinglywidechasm(鸿沟)inthemediaindustry.Butothers,includingtheGuardian,havesaidtheywillnot68internetreaders,andcertainpapers,69London’sEveningStandard,havegonefurtherinabandoningreadershiprevenuebymakingtheirprinteditions70.　　TheNewYorkTimes’spublisher,ArthurSulzberger,71thatthemoveisagamble:“Thisisa72,toacertaindegree,inwherewethinkthewebisgoing.”　　Boastingaprint73of995,000onweekdaysand1.4milliononSundays,TheNewYorkTimesisthethirdbestsellingAmericannewspaper,74theWallStreetJournalandUSAToday.75mostUSpapersfocusonasinglecity,TheNewYorkTimesisamongthefewthatcan76nationalscope—aswellas16bureausintheNewYorkarea,ithas11officesaroundtheUSand7726bureauselsewhereintheworld.　　But78manyinthepublishingindustry,thepaperisinthegripofa79financialcrisis.Itsparentcompany,theNewYorkTimesCompany,has15papers,but80alossof$70millionintheninemonthstoSeptemberandrecentlyaccepteda$250million81fromaMexicanbillionaire,CarlosSlim,tostrengthenitsbalancesheet.　　62.[A]setin[C]carryover　　[B]setout[D]carryaway　　63.[A]abusing[C]developing　　[B]deducting[D]abandoning　　64.[A]with[C]along　　[B]beside[D]by　　65.[A]engages[C]deliberates　　[B]intends[D]signifies　　66.[A]exceeded[C]assumed　　[B]multiplied[D]revealed　　67.[A]on[C]over　　[B]of[D]up　　68.[A]cost[C]expend　　[B]consume[D]charge　　69.[A]asfor[C]suchas　　[B]farfrom[D]byfar　　70.[A]reliable[C]applicable　　[B]free[D]easy　　71.[A]resisted[C]acknowledged　　[B]certified[D]appealed　　72.[A]net[C]bet　　[B]kit[D]pit　　73.[A]evaluation[C]circulation　　[B]expansion[D]dimension　　74.[A]behind[C]before　　[B]against[D]within118n　　75.[A]If[C]Hence　　[B]While[D]Because　　76.[A]ascend[C]lengthen　　[B]announce[D]claim　　77.[A]contributes[C]maintains　　[B]disposes[D]encounters　　78.[A]like[C]from　　[B]beyond[D]through　　79.[A]heavy[C]rough　　[B]crude[D]serious　　80.[A]targeted[C]suffered　　[B]suspended[D]tolerated　　81.[A]asset[C]account　　[B]bill[D]loan118　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou__________________________________(越仔细越好)indealingwiththismatter.　　83.OnlywhenIreachedmythirties_____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).　　84.Much_________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶),theoutcomeoftheexperimentwasfarbetterthantheyhadexpected.　　85.Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了).　　86.I____________________________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)thangotothebeachforaholiday.2011年6月大学英语六级真题PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheCertificateCraze.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……TheCertificateCraze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices118nmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completetheseentenseswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.MinorityReportAmericanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses."Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege–buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison–oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities–graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally–butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthat118nwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools–Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton–showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLainGainer,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves."Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction–studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill–knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity–afterfinancialaid–equaled28%ofmedian(中间的)familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegin118ntheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttotherigor(严格要求)andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom–andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost(教务长)DamonWilliams.Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepareTorycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchprogramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring(辅导)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1181.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?A)Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.B)Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.C)Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.D)Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.118n2.WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?A)Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.B)ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.C)Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.D)Itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.3.WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?A)Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.B)Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.C)Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.D)Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.4.HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?A)Fifty-sixpercent.B)Thirty-ninepercent.C)FifteenpercentD)Sixty-sevenpercent.5.Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause.A)TheirstudentsworkharderB)TheyrecruitthebeststudentsC)TheirclassesaregenerallysmallerD)Theygivestudentsmoreattention6.HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?A)Universitiesaretoblame.B)Studentsdon'tworkhard.C)Thegovernmentfailstoprovidethenecessarysupport.D)Affirmativeactionshouldbeheldresponsible.7.Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.B)Theycannotaffordthehightuition.C)Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.D)Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.1188.Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat_______.9.Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith_______duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.10.WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscitedasanexampletoshowthatthegapofgraduation118nratesbetweenwhitesandminoritiescan_______.PartialListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthebestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondinletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11811.A)Shewillgivehimthereceiptlater.B)Themanshouldmakehisowncopies.C)Shehasnotgottheman'scopiesready.D)Themanforgottomakethecopiesforher.12.A)ShephonedFredaboutthebook.B)Shewaslatefortheappointment.C)SheranintoFredonherwayhere.D)Sheoftenkeepsotherpeoplewaiting.13.A)MarkisnotfittotakechargeoftheStudentUnion.B)Markisthebestcandidateforthepostofchairman.C)Itwon'tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.D)Femalesaremorecompetitivethanmalesinelections.14.A)Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.B)Itgotseriouslydamagedontheway.C)ItgotlostattheairportinParis.D)Itwasleftbehindinthehotel.15.A)Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.B)Putmoreeffortintopreparingforthepresentation.C)Findmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.D)Simplyraisetheissueintheirpresentation.16.A)themanhasdecidedtochooseLanguageStudiesashismajor.B)Thewomanisn'tinterestedinthepsychologyoflanguage.C)Themanisstilltryingtosignupforthecourseheisinterestedin.D)Thewomanisn'tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.118n17.A)Theyarebothtoblame.B)Theyarebotheasytoplease.C)Theycanmanagetogetalong.D)Theywillmakepeaceintime.18.A)Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.B)Theyhopetodomiracleswithlimitedresources.C)Theywanttoborrowahugesumfromthebank.D)Theyplantobuyouttheirbusinesspartners.118Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11819.A)Wesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatway.B)Wewishtohideourindifferencetotheirmisfortune.C)Wederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirmisfortune.D)Wethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantootherpeople.20.A)Theywanttoshowtheirgenuinesympathy.B)Theyhavehadsimilarpersonalexperiences.C)Theydon'tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.D)Theydon'twanttorevealtheirownfrustration.21.A)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'tdareto.B)Itsanopportunityforrelievingtheirtension.C)it’sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseface.D)Theyhaveseenthismanytimesinoldfilms.22.A)toirritatethem.B)Toteachthemalesson.C)Torelieveherfeelings.D)Toshowhercourage.118Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11823.A)SmugglingdrugsintoHongKong.B)Havingcommittedarmedrobbery.C)Stealingafellowpassenger'sbag.D)BringingahandgunintoHongKong.24.A)Hesaidnotasinglewordduringtheentireflight.B)HetookawayKumar'sbaggagewhilehewasasleep.C)HewastravellingonascholarshipfromDelhiUniversity.D)HeissuspectedofhavingslippedsomethinginKumar'sbag.25.A)Givehimalift.B)FindAlfredFoster.C)Checkthepassengerlist.D)Searchallsuspiciouscars.118nSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11826.A)theythinktravelhasbecomeatrend.B)Theythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'sworth.C)Theyfindmanyofthebanksuntrustworthy.D)Theylacktheexpertisetomakecapitalinvestments.27.A)Lowertheirpricestoattractmorecustomers.B)Introducetravelpackagesforyoungtravelers.C)Designprogramstargetedatretiredcouples.D)Launchanewprogramofadventuretrips.28.A)theroleoftravelagents.B)Thewaypeopletravel.C)Thenumberoflast-minutebookings.D)Thepricesofpolarexpeditions.118PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11829.A)theoldstereotypesaboutmenandwomen.B)Thechangingrolesplayedbymenandwomen.C)Thedivisionoflaborbetweenmenandwomen.D)Thewidespreadprejudiceagainstwomen.30.A)Offermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanmen.B)Askquestionsthatoftenleadtocontroversy.C)Speakloudlyenoughtoattractattention.D)Raiseissuesonbehalfofwomen.31.A)toprovethatshecouldearnherlivingasagardener.B)Toshowthatwomenaremorehardworkingthanmen.C)Toshowthatwomenarecapableof118ndoingwhatmendo.D)Toprovethatshewasreallyirritatedwithherhusband.118PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11832.A)Coveringmajoreventsofthedayinthecity.B)ReportingcriminaloffensesinGreenville.C)Huntingnewsforthedailyheadlines.D)Writingarticlesonfamilyviolence.33.A)Itisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtobe.B)Rapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownareas.C)Assaultsoftenhappenonschoolcampuses.D)Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.34.A)thereareawiderangeofcases.B)Theyareverydestructive.C)Therehasbeenariseinsuchcrimes.D)Theyhavearousedfearamongtheresidents.35.A)Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.C)Offerhelptocrimevictims.B)Dosomeresearchonlocalpolitics?D)Workasanewspapereditor.118SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit'spickingoneof31icecream(36)_____ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing.Butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeus(37)_____,unhappy–evenparalyzedwithindecision.That's(38)_____truewhenitcomestotheworkplace,saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsix118nbooksabouthuman(39)_____.Studentsaregraduatingwitha(40)_____ofskillsandinterests,butoftenfindthemselves(41)_____whenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheir(42)_____year.Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjob-hunting(43)_____andcareerdecisions,hedividedthestudentsintotwogroups:"maximizes"whoconsidereverypossibleoption,and"satisfiers"wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.Youmightexpectthatthestudents(44)_________________________________.Butitturnsoutthat'snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizesendedupwithbetterpayingjobsthansatisfiersonaverage,theyweren'tashappywiththeirdecision.Thereason(45)_________________________________.Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,(46)_________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:It'slateintheday.Thatfront-pagepackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdoingsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdoingraisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealways118nconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction(本能反应)anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.47.Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout__________.48.Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby__________.49.onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe__________toherandofferanalternativesolution.50.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto__________.51.Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid__________.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.118nAttheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon;considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers–meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBoras,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected–say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents–theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielMichener,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsare118nputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.B)TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.C)Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.D)Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?A)Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.B)Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.C)Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.D)Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?A)Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.B)Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.C)Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.D)Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?A)Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.B)Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.C)Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.D)Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?A)Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.B)Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.C)Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.D)Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.PassageTwo118nQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen–theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammersrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach–arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,thecreativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyManna,aleadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompletely,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement–atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmost118nsignificant,accordingtoManna,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityandaccountability.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11857.Whatcharacterizesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?A)Greaterdiversity.B)Intellectualmaturity.C)Exceptionaldiligence.D)Higherambition.58.Whatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?A)Itwillarousestudents'unrealisticexpectations.B)Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle.C)Itfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalskills.D)Itstressescompetitionratherthancooperation.59.WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?A)Ageandeducationalbackground.B)Socialandprofessionalexperience.C)Attitudeandapproachtobusiness.D)Ethnicoriginandgender.60.WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammersshouldconsiderrecruiting?A)Applicantswithpriorexperienceinbusinesscompanies.B)Applicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandstatistics.C)Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors.D)Applicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandareas.61.WhatdoesMannasayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?A)Itiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofmanagement.B)Itencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyside.C)Itadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutivemodel.D)Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels.118PartCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline118nthroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。118Organizedvolunteeringandworkexperiencehaslongbeenavitalcompaniontouniversitydegreecourses.Usuallyitisleftto__62__todeducethepotentialfromalistofextracurricularadventuresonagraduate'sresume,__63__nowtheUniversityofBristolhaslaunchedanawardtoformalizetheachievementsofstudentswho__64__timetoactivitiesoutsidetheircourses.BristolPlusaimstobooststudentsinanincreasingly__65__jobmarketbyhelpingthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside__66__qualifications."Ourstudentsareaprettyactivebunch,butwefoundthattheydidn't__67__appreciatethevalueofwhattheydid__68__thelecturehall,"saysJeffGoodman,directorofcareersandemployabilityattheuniversity."Employersaremuchmore__69__thantheyusedtobe.Theyusedtolookfor__70__andsawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills.Nowtheywantstudentstobeabletoexplainwhythoseskillsare__71__tothejob."Studentswhosign__72__fortheawardwillbeexpectedtocomplete50hoursofworkexperienceor__73__work,attendfourworkshopsonemploy-abilityskills,takepartinanintensiveskills-relatedactivity__74__,crucially,writeasummaryoftheskillstheyhavegained.__75__effortswillgainanOutstandingAchievementAward.Thosewho__76__bestonthesportsfieldcantaketheSportingplusAwardwhichfostersemployer-friendlysportsaccomplishments.Theexperiencedoesnothavetobe__77__organized."We'renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills,"saysGoodman.“__78__,onestudenttooktheleadindealingwithadifficultlandlordandso__79__negotiationskills.Wetrytomaketheexperiencerelevanttoindividuallives."Goodmanhopesthe__80__willenableactivestudentstofillinanygapsintheirexperienceandencouragetheirless-active__81__totakeupactivitiesoutsidetheiracademicareaofwork.62.A)advisorsB)specialistsC)criticsD)employers63.A)whichB)butC)unlessD)since64.A)divideB)devoteC)deliverD)donate65.A)harmoniousB)competitiveC)ResourcefulD)118nprosperous66.A)artisticB)technicalC)academicD)interactive67.A)dominantlyB)earnestlyC)necessarilyD)gracefully68.A)outsideB)alongC)overD)through69.A)generousB)considerateC)enlighteningD)demanding70.A)originB)initialC)popularityD)potential71.A)relevantB)responsiveC)reluctantD)respective72.A)outB)offC)awayD)up73.A)casualB)electiveC)domesticD)voluntary74.A)orB)thusC)soD)and75.A)OccasionalB)ExceptionalC)InformativeD)Relative76.A)performB)conveyC)circulateD)formulate77.A)roughlyB)randomlyC)formallyD)fortunately78.A)forinstanceB)InessenceC)IncontrastD)Ofcourse79.A)demonstratedB)determinedC)operatedD)involved80.A)deviceB)sectionC)schemeD)distraction81.A)attendantsB)agentsC)membersD)peers118PactivTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,they____________________(宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色)thanjustgoon.83.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,as____________________(任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场).84.Thepills____________________(本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的),buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.85.Itis____________________(你真好，给了我那么多帮助);Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.86.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyears____________________(他们才得以重聚).118n2007年12月英语六级参考答案（A卷）PartⅠWriting(30minutes)写作点拨：①审题及布局。由题目和提示可知，这是一篇以叙述为主，议论为辅的文章。写作可以分三步来进行：第一步通过举例说明数字化产品的普及，数字时代的到来；第二步论述数字化产品对人们的影响，这一部分比较灵 活，可以仅从正面或反面进行论述，也可以正反结合进行论述；最后总结全文，深化主题。 ②语言。本文是一篇叙述和议论相结合的文章，因此语言上要注意准确性，事例选用时要注意典型性；句式使用上要注意多样性，长短句结合，使用较复杂的句式，如从句、倒装句等；过渡自然，使用连接词或一些固定用法，力求文章流畅。 范文：TheDigitalAge 　(1)Nowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofadvanceddigitaltechnology,moreandmoredigitalproductsarecommonlyandwidelyusedineverydaylife,(2)rangingfromcomputersandMP4stomobiletelephonesanddigitalcameras.(3)Weareindeedcomingintothedigitalage. 　(4)Thepopularityofdigitalproductswillhavegreatinfluenceonourwork,studyandeverydaylife.(5)Ontheonehand,thedigitalproductsreallyfacilitateourlife.(6)Withthehelpofcomputers,wemayevendealwithourworkathome,enjoyingmusicatthesametime.(7)Withdigitalcameras,wemaytakephotostoourhearts’content,keepinghappyoccasionsasapermanentmemory.(8)WithdigitalTVprograms,itisconvenientforustowatchwhateverprogramsatanytimewelike.(9)Butontheotherhand,somepeoplearebecomingtoodependentondigitalproductsandalmostbecomingslavesofadvancedtechnology.Nowadayssomestudentsevencan’tcalmdowntostudywithoutwearingtheirMP4sandmobilephonesathand.Whataterriblescene! 　(10)Toconclude,digitalproductsarejustlikeadouble-edgedsword.Withthemwemayhavelesstroubledealingwithproblemsinlifeandenjoyabetter-offlife.(11)However,onepointshouldbekeptinmindthatweshouldtakesensibleuseofthem,alwaysbeingthemasterofthem.范文点评： (1)开门见山描述社会现象：数字化产品得到广泛使用。 (2)使用rangfrom...to...结构进行例证。 (3)总结概括社会现象。 (4)本段中心句，总述数字化产品给人们带来的影响。 (5)和(9)使用ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...结构，从正、反两方面介绍数字化产品对人们的影响。 (6)(7)(8)三个with引导的短语，构成排比句式，行文流畅。 (10)使用toconclude总结全文，深化主题。 (11)however形成对比，与第2段的论述形成呼应。PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes) 1.Whatissaidtobethebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays? A)Raisingefficiency. B)Cuttingunnecessarycosts. C)Findingalternativeresources. D)Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts. 答案：A）。 [定位]由题干中的thebestwaytoconserveenergy定位到文章首段第2句：Thesedaysconservationisallabout efficiency:gettingthesame—orbetter—resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy. [精解]题干中的thebestway与原文中的allabout是同义转述。原文中提到“现在节约都与效率相关”，随后进行了详细解说。换言之，节约能源的最好方式就是能源使用效率的提高。 2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo? A)Diversifyenergysupply. B)Cutenergyconsumption. C)Reducecarbonemissions. D)Raiseproductionefficiency. 答案：B）。[定位]由题干中的EuropeanUnion定位到文章第三段第2句：OnJan.10,theEuropeanUninonunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020. [精解]题干中的plantodo和原文中的unveiledaplanto...属于同义转述，其后的不定式短语cutenergyuse就是本题的答案，而consumption和use同义，故答案为B)。这里的unveil意为“使…公布于众，披露”。 3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto. A)improveyourworkenvironment B)cutyourutilitybillsbyhalf C)getridofair-conditioners D)enjoymuchbetterhealth 答案：C)。 [定位]由题干中的addenoughinsulationtoyourhouse定位到文章第一个小标题下第4句：...ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,... [精解]题干中的if条件句是对原文中if条件句的补充，所以产生的结果显然是scaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment，其中的eliminate和选项C)中的短语getridof是同义转述，选项C)的内容是原文论述的结果中的一个，故为答案。这里scaledown意为“按比例减少，缩小”，eliminate意为“排除，消除”。 4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight? A)Asmallportion. B)Some40percent. C)Almost118nhalf. D)75to80percent. 答案：A)。 [定位]由题干中的incandescentbulbs定位到文章第二个小标题下第2句：Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashioned incandescentlightbulbs... [精解]题干中问的是白炽灯泡能将多大比例的能量转换为光能，原文提到其浪费了大部分的人们不希望消耗的能量，也就是说，只有一小部分的能量被转化成光能，所以答案为A)。 5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby. A)upgradingtheequipment B)encouraginginvestments C)implementinghigh-tech D)providingsubsidies 答案：D)。 [定位]由题干中的jump-startthemarket和heatpumps定位到文章第三个小标题下第二段第3句：Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan. [精解]题干针对一些对热泵国家进行市场推广的方式而提问，题干中的provide和原文中的use同义，usedsubsidies即是采用的市场推广方式，故答案为D）。 6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves200millionayearby. A)recyclingheatandenergy B)settingupfactoriesinChina C)usingthenewesttechnology D)reducingtheCO2emissionsofitsplants 答案：A)。 [定位]由题干中的GermanchemicalsgiantBASF和200million定位到文章第四个小标题下的第4句：AttheLudwigshafensitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany200millionayearand... [精解]题干中的句子和原文中的句子意思相同，只是结构略微有些变化，原句中的主语转变成了题干中的句子的方式状语，不难得出答案为A)，即原文中句子的主语。 7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif. A)weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipes B)wechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliances C)wecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods D)wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefigeratorsandotherwhitegoods 答案：D)。 [定位]由题干中的globalresidentialpowerconsumption和43percent定位到文章第六个小标题下末句：...,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent. [精解]题干中的句子和原文的句子都有条件状语从句，结构相似，对比之后，可以得出答案为thosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoney，结合原文前一句的内容，这里models实际上是指前一句中的themostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods，故本题答案为D)。 8.Energyservicecontractorsprofitbytakingapartofclients’. 答案：annualutility-billsavings [定位]由题干中的Energyservicecontractor定位到文章第七个小标题下第2句：“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofittinginreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings. [精解]此处需要填入名词性成分承接前面的所有格形式。题干中的profit是动词，意为“获利”，与原文中的inreturn属近义表达，题干中的apartof和原文中的ashareof是同义转述，由此可知Energyservicecontractors获得利润的方式就是收取部分annualutility-billsavings，即本题答案。 9.Manyenvironmentalistsmaintaintheviewthatconservationhasmuchtodowith. 答案：self-denial [定位]由题干中的manyenvironmentalists定位到文章倒数第四段最后两句：Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview. [精解]此处需要填入名词性成分作介词with的宾语。题干中的maintaintheview和原文中的pushthatview是同义转述，但是view的内容没有在最后一句中提到，而是出现在前一句中：许多人认为节约仍然与自我节制相关。题干中的hasmuchtodowith和原文中的isstillassociatedwith是同义转述，介词with后的宾语self-denial就是本题的答案。 10.Thestrongestincentivesforenergyconservationwillderivefrom. 答案：themarketitself [定位]由题干中的incentivesforenergyconservation定位到文章倒数第二段首句：Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself. [精解]此处需要填入名词性成分作介词from的宾语。题干中的strongest和derivefrom分别是对原文中的mostpowerful和comefrom的同义转述，两个句子中的from的宾语是相同的，故答案为themarketitself。PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes) 11.M：Thebiologicalprojectisnowintrouble.YouknowmycolleagueandIhavecompletelydifferentideasabout howtoproceed. W：Whydon’tyoucompromise?Trytomakeitawin-winsituationforyouboth. Q：Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando? ［答案］C)。 [听前猜测]四个选项都是动词短语，故推测本题考查说话人要做什么。 [精解]对话中男士埋怨生物学项目出麻烦了，同事和他的观点截然不同，女士用whydon’t118nyou引导的句式进行劝说，建议他compromise(让步)，实现win-winsituation(双方共赢的局面)。由此可见，女士建议男士作出让步，以和为贵。故本题答案是C)。 12. M：HowdoesNancylikethenewdresssheboughtinRome? W：ShesaidshewouldneverhaveboughtanItalianstyledressifshehadknownMaryhadalreadygotsuchadress. Q：Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation? ［答案］B)。 [听前猜测]四个选项中多次提到Nancy和Mary，还出现了style,dress,fashion等词，所以推测本题可能涉及两人的某件服装款式。 [精解]对话中男士打听Nancy是否喜欢新买的衣服，女士回答到，Nancy说如果她知道Mary已经有一件这样款式的衣服，她绝对不会买的。结合生活实际，任何人都想买一件与众不同的衣服，可见Nancy后悔自己买了一件与别人同样款式的衣服。故答案为B)。 13. M：Youarenotgoingtodoallthosedishesbefore,weleave,areyou?Ifwedon’tpickupGeorgeandMarthain25 minutes,wewillnevergettothetheaterontime. W：Oh,didn’tItellyouMarthacalledtosayherdaughterwasillandtheycouldnotgotonight? Q：Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtodofirst? ［答案］A)。 [听前猜测]四个选项都是动词短语，内容涉及到洗碗、看电影、接人等，故推测本题考查说话人的动作。[精解]对话中男士反问女士不会等洗完了碗再走吧，接着说如果不在25分钟内接上George和Martha，可能无法按时到达剧院；女士回答说Martha来电话说女儿病了，今晚去不了了，可见他们不用去接人了，时间也就不紧张了。因此，女士首先可能做的事情是洗碗。故答案为A)。 14. M：You’vebeenhangingontothephoneforquiteawhile.Whowereyoutalkingwith? W：Oh,itwasSally.Youknow,shealwayshasthelatestnewsintownandcan’twaittotalkitoverwithme. Q：WhatdowelearnaboutSallyfromtheconversation? ［答案］C)。 [听前猜测]四个选项都是以she作主语，听音时侧重女士的话语。 [精解]男士询问女士和谁通电话，女士回答说是和Sally，接着说Sally总是有最新消息，并且迫不及待地要和她讨论。故答案为C)。 15. W：It’salwaysbeenhardtogetthiscarintofirstgear.Andnowtheclutchseemstobeslipping. M：Ifyouleavethecarwithme,Iwillfixitforyouthisafternoon. Q：Whoisthewomanprobablyspeakingto? ［答案］B)。 [听前猜测]四个选项都是职业名称，因此推测本题考查说话人的身份。 [精解]两人的对话中提到了thiscar，firstgear，clutch，fixitforyou等关键词，而且男士说要为女士修车，可见女士的说话对象应该是机修工。故正确答案为B)。 16. M：Kate,whydoesthedowntownarealookdesertednow? W：Well,thereusedtobesomereallygoodstores,butlotsofthemmovedouttothemall. Q：Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation? ［答案］D)。 [听前猜测]选项中出现了shoppingmall，shoppers，downtown，business等词语，因此推测本题与购物相关。 [精解]对话中男士问为什么市区看上去十分萧条，女士解释说以前的确有一些不错的店铺，但是很多都搬到商业街去了。可见，四个选项中仅有D)的表述正确，故答案是D)。 17. W：Ifoundtheloungesuchacozyplacetostudyin.Ireallylikethefeelinginsittingonthesofaanddoingthereading. M：Well,formethehardestpartaboutstudyinghereisstayingawake. Q：Whatdoesthemanmean? ［答案］B)。 [听前猜测]有两个选项以he作主语，还出现了reading，study，campus等，可以推测对话内容与校园中的学习生活相关。 [精解]对话中女士认为在休息室学习很舒服，男士说对他而言，在那里学习最难做到的是不打瞌睡，可见男士不适合在休息室里学习。故本题答案为B)。 18. W:Thesemosquitobitesarekillingme.Ican’thelpscratching. M:Nexttimeyougocamping,takesomeprecaution,saywearinglongsleeves. Q:Whydoesthemansuggestthewomanwearlongsleeves? ［答案］C)。 [听前猜测]四个选项都是不定式作目的状语，听音时要注意说话人做事的目的。 [精解]对话中女士埋怨蚊子咬得她忍不住直挠，男士建议她下次野营时要采取防护措施——穿长袖衣服。可见男士建议女士穿长袖衣服是为了预防蚊子叮咬。故本题答案为C)。Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. M:Hello,and(19)welcometoourprogram“WorkingAbroad”.OurguestthiseveningisaLondoner,wholivesand118n worksinItaly.Hername’sSusanHill.Susan,welcometotheprogram.(20)YouliveinFlorence,howlonghaveyou beenlivingthere? W:(20)Since1982.ButwhenIwenttherein1982,Iplannedtostayforonly6months. M:Whydidyouchangeyourmind? W:Well,I’madesigner.Idesignleathergoods,mainlyshoes,andhandbags.SoonafterIarrivedinFlorence,Igota jobwithoneofItaly’stopfashionhouses,Ferregamo.So,Idecidedtostay. M:Howlucky!DoyoustillworkforFerregamo? W:No,(21)I’vebeenafreelancedesignerforquitealongtimenow.Since1988,infact. M:So,doesthatmeanyoudesignforseveraldifferentcompaniesnow? W:Yes,that’sright.(21)I’vedesignedmanyfashionitemsforanumberofItaliancompanies,andduringthelastfour years,I’vealsobeendesigningfortheBritishcompany,Burberry’s. M:Whathaveyoubeendesigningforthem? W:Mostlyhandbags,andsmallleathergoods. M:(22)HasthefashionindustryinItalychangedsince1982? W:(22)Oh,yes.Ithasbecomealotmorecompetitive.Becauseofqualityofproductsfromothercountrieshasimprovedalot.ButtheItalianqualityanddesignisstillworld-famous. M:AnddoyoueverthinkofreturningtoliveinEngland? W:No,notreally.WorkinginItalyismoreinteresting.IalsolovetheMediterraneansunandtheItalianlifestyle. M:Well,thankyoufortalkingtous,Susan. W:Itwasapleasure. 预览四道题各选项，尤其是20题的选项D)和21题的各选项，均涉及到不同的工作，因此预测对话内容可能与人 们的工作相关。 19.Wheredoesthistalkmostprobablytakeplace? ［答案］A)Inastudio. [听前猜测]四个选项均为表示地点的介词短语，表明本题可能考查做某事的地点。 [精解]对话开头男士提到了welcometoourprogram“WorkingAbroad”和Ourguest等内容，尤其是program和guest具有很强的提示作用。结合选项，不难得出对话发生在演播室，A)是答案。 20.Whatwasthewoman’soriginalplanwhenshewenttoFlorence? ［答案］B)Tostaythereforhalfayear. [听前猜测]四个选项均为表目的的动词不定式，因此推测本题可能考查做某事的目的。 [精解]对话中男士问女士在佛罗伦萨生活了多久，女士回答说自从1982年以来就生活在此了，随后补充说到，本来打算只在那儿呆6个月，也就是只呆半年，故B)是答案。 21.Whathasthewomanbeendoingforalivingsince1988? ［答案］A)Designingfashionitemsforseveralcompanies. [听前猜测]四个选项均表示工作的内容，因此推测本题可能考查某人的工作情况。 [精解]对话中，女士介绍了自己到佛罗伦萨后的工作情况。从1988年后她就成为了一名自由设计师，为多家意大利公司设计时尚用品，因此选项A)为答案。 22.WhatdowelearnaboutthechangeinItaly’sfashionindustry? ［答案］B)Ithasbecomemuchmorecompetitive. [听前猜测]四个选项中提到了一些与公司或行业运营状况相关的词语，如steadydeclineinprofits，morecompetitive，lostmanycustomers，attractalotmoredesignersfromabroad等，故推测本题是针对行业的变化提问。 [精解]对话中男士问1982年以来意大利的时装行业有什么变化，女士回答时提到了alotmorecompetitive，即竞争更加激烈了，故B)为答案。Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. M:So,Claire,you’reintodrama! W:Yes,Ihaveamaster’sdegreeindramaandtheatre.Atthemoment,I’mhopingtogetontoaPh.Dprogram. M:Whatexcitesyouaboutdrama? W:Well,(23)Ifindit’sacommunicativewaytostudypeopleandyoulearnhowtoreadpeopleindrama.SousuallyIcanunderstandwhatpeoplearesayingeventhoughtheymightbelying. M:Thatwouldbeuseful. W:Yeah,it’sveryusefulformeaswell.(24)I’manEnglishlecturer,soIusealotofdramainmyclassessuchasrole plays.AndIaskmystudentstocreatemini-dramas.Theyreallyrespondwell.Atthemoment,I’mhopingtogetontoaPh.Dcourse.I’dliketoconcentrateonAsiandramaandtrytobringAsiantheatretotheworld’sattention.Idon’tknowhowsuccessfulIwouldbe,buthere’shoping. M:Oh,I’msureyou’llbesuccessful.Now,Claire,whatdoyoudoforstagefright? W:Ah,stagefright!Well,manyactorshavethatproblem.IgetstagefrighteverytimeI’mgoingtoteachanewclass.Thenightbefore,Iusuallycan’tsleep. M:What?Forteaching? W:Yes.Igetreallybadstagefright.(25)ButtheminuteIstepintotheclassroomorgetontothestage,itjustallfallsintoplace.ThenIjustfeellike:Yeah,thisiswhatImeantodo.AndI’mfine. M:Wow,that’scool! 预览三道题各选项，提到herrelationshipwithstudents,herteaching,getonthe118nstage等表达，由此推测对话可能与 老师教学相关。 23.Whydoesthewomanfindstudyindramaandtheatreuseful? ［答案］D)Itenableshertounderstandpeoplebetter. [听前猜测]四个选项中的动词help,improve,strengthen,enable等都表示事物能够起到的作用，因此推测本题考查 某事物的作用。 [精解]对话中男士询问女士为什么对戏剧如此感兴趣，女士回答说她发现戏剧是研究别人的很好的方式，可以读懂戏剧中的人物，还补充说，即使有人撒谎，通常也能知道人们的真实想法。故正确答案为D)。 24.Howdidthewoman’sstudentsrespondtoherwayofteachingEnglish? ［答案］B)Positively. [听前猜测]四个选项都是表示人的态度的词语，听音时要留意人们对事物的态度的论述。 [精解]女士自我介绍说在课堂上经常让学生扮演不同的角色，创作小话剧。然后补充说，学生们对此反应很好。换句话说，同学们认可她这种独特的教学方式，所以态度是positively，选项B)正确。 25.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherstagefright? ［答案］C)Itvanishesthemomentshestepsintoherrole. [听前猜测]从选项出现的keephaunting,vanish和hermindgoesblank等表达可推测本题考查人对某事物的感觉。 [精解]女士在谈话中先承认自己有严重的stagefright(怯场)感觉，随后又解释说，但是一进入教室或走上讲台，就不再有那种感觉了。结合选项来看，选项C)是女士对stagefright的感觉。 SectionB PassageOne Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. InJanuary1989,(26)theCommunityofEuropeanRailwayspresentedtheirproposalforahighspeedpan-EuropeantrainnetworkextendingfromSwedentoSicily,andfromPortugaltoPolandbytheyear2020.(27)Iftheirproposalbecomesareality,itwillrevolutionizetraintravelinEurope.Journeysbetweenmajorcitieswilltakehalfthetimetheytaketoday.BrusselswillbeonlyoneandahalfhoursfromParis.ThequickestwaytogetfromParistoFrankfurt,fromBarcelonatoMadridwillbebytrain,notplane.Whenthenetworkiscomplete,itwillintegratethreetypesofrailwayline:totallynewhighspeedlineswithtrainsoperatingatspeedsof300kilometersperhour,upgradedlineswhichallowforspeedsupto200to225kilometersperhour,andexistinglinesforlocalconnectionsanddistributionoffreight.Ifbusinesspeoplecanchoosebetweenathree-hourtrainjourneyfromcity-centertocity-centerandaone-hourflight,they’llchoosethetrain,saysanexecutivetravelconsultant.Theywon’tgobyplaneanymore.(28)Ifyoucalculateflighttime,check-inandtraveltoandfromtheairport,you’llfindalmostnodifference.Andifyourplanearriveslateduetobadweatherorairtrafficjamsorstrikes,thenthetrainpassengerswillarriveattheirdestinationfirst.(29)SinceFranceintroducedthefirst260-kilometer-per-hourhighspeedtrainservicebetweenParisandLyonsin1981,thetrainshaveachievedhigherandhigherspeeds.Onmanyroutes,airlineshavelostupto90%oftheirpassengerstohighspeedtrains.IfpeopleaccepttheCommunityofEuropeanRailways’plan,the21centurywillbethenewageofthetrain. 预览四道题的选项，由选项中的词汇passengers,railroad,railwaylines,expresstrain,plane,airlines等表达可以推 知，短文很可能与交通运输或旅行相关。 26.WhatistheproposalpresentedbytheCommunityofEuropeanRailways? ［答案］D)TosetupanexpresstrainnetworkthroughoutEurope. [听前猜测]四个选项都是表示目的的不定式短语，因此猜测本题考查做某事的目的。 [精解]短文开头提到1989年欧洲铁道协会提出建议在2020年前修建从瑞典到西西里，从葡萄牙到波兰的横贯欧洲的高速铁路网。由此可知欧洲铁道协会提出的建议是修建横贯欧洲的高速铁路网，故选项D)正确。 27.Whatwillhappenwhentheproposalbecomesareality? ［答案］C)TravelingtimebytrainbetweenmajorEuropeancitieswillbecutbyhalf. [听前猜测]四个选项关于旅行费用和旅行时间的变化、旅行方式的优劣，这些都与某一事件的后果有关，因此推测本题考查某一事件带来的影响。 [精解]短文中明确提到Iftheirproposalbecomesareality,itwillrevolutionizetraintravelinEurope.Journeys betweenmajorcitieswilltakehalfthetimetheytaketoday，即“如果这一方案成为现实，欧洲铁路运输业将会发生革命性变化。主要城市间的旅行时间可以比现在缩短一半”，所以本题的答案为C)。 28.Whywillbusinesspeoplepreferathree-hourtrainjourneytoaone-hourflight? ［答案］D)Travelingbytrainmaybeasquickas,orevenquickerthan,byair. [听前猜测]四个选项都出现了than引导的比较级，而且比较的对象都是traintravel和airtravel，所以可以推测本题考查对traintravel和airtravel的比较。 [精解]文中提到，飞机旅行固然比火车旅行更快，但是如果把飞行时间和往返机场的时间加起来，两者几乎没有 什么区别了。而且，如果遇到恶劣天气或航班拥挤或罢工，乘坐火车的乘客将会最先到达目的地。综合而言，火车旅行可以和飞机旅行一样快，甚至比飞机旅行还要快。故选项D 29.WhendidFranceintroducethefirsthighspeedtrainservice? ［答案］A)In1981. [听前猜测]四个选项都是时间短语，因此本题肯定考查事情发生的时间，听音时注意将短文中提到每个事件及其发生的时间迅速记录下来，再根据问题进行判断。 [精解]短文中明确提到法国在1981年首次在巴黎和里昂之间修建了时速达260公里的高速铁路。故正确答案为A)。选项B)中的时间1989也在文章中出现，那是欧洲铁道协会建议修建横贯欧洲的高速铁路网的时间；其余两个选项中的时间文中没有提到。 PassageTwo Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 118n(30)Westerndoctorsarebeginningtounderstandwhattraditionalhealershavealwaysknownthatthebodyandthemindareinseparable.Untilrecently,modernurbanphysicianshealthebody,psychiatristthemind,andprieststhesoul.However,themedicalworldisnowpayingmoreattentiontoholisticmedicine,whichisanapproachbasedonthebeliefthatpeople’sstateofmindcanmakethemsickorspeedtheirrecoveryfromsickness.(31)Severalstudyshowthattheeffectivenessofacertaindrugoftendependsonthepatient’sexpectationsofit.Forexample,inonerecentstudy,psychiatristandamajorhospitaltriedtoseehowpatientscouldbemadecalm.Theydividedthemintotwogroups.Onegroupwasgivenadrugwhiletheothergroupreceivedaharmlesssubstanceinsteadofmedicinewithouttheirknowledge.Surprisingly,morepatientsinthesecondgroupshowedthedesiredeffectthanthoseinthefirstgroup.Instudyafterstudy,there’sapositivereactioninalmostone-thirdofthepatientstakingharmlesssubstances.Howwasthispossible?Howcansuchasubstancehaveaneffectonthebody?(32)Evidencefroma1997studyattheUniversityofCaliforniashowsthatseveralpatientswhoreceivedsuchsubstanceswereabletoproducetheirownnaturaldrug,thatis,astheytookthesubstancetheirbrainsreleasednaturalchemicalsthatactlikeadrug.Scientiststheorizedthattheamountofthesechemicalsreleasedbyaperson’sbrainquitepossiblyindicateshowmuchfaiththepersonhasinhisorherdoctor. 预览三道题各选项，出现了很多与医生和病人相关的词汇，如mentalpatients，healing，medicalprofession，doctor，hospital，recovery，drug，remedies等，由此可以推测这篇短文的谈论话题为医疗医药。 30.Accordingtothespeaker,whatarewesterndoctorsbeginningtounderstand? ［答案］C)Themindandbodyshouldbetakenasanintegralwhole. [听前猜测]四个选项都是陈述句，都是人们对事情的看法，因此推断本题考查人们对事情的看法。 [精解]文章一开始提到西方的医生们开始理解传统医者的关于“人的身体和意识是不能分离”的观点，故本题应该选择C)。 31.Whatdoestherecentstudyatamajorhospitalseemtoprove? ［答案］D)Apatient’sexpectationsofadrughaveaneffectontheirrecovery. [听前猜测]四个选项中除了B)都提到了影响病人康复的因素，有doctor’sfame，harmlesssubstances和patient’sexpectationsofadrug等，由此推测本题考查影响病人康复快慢的各种因素。 [精解]文章中间部分提到多项研究表明，theeffectivenessofacertaindrugoftendependsonthepatient’sexpectationsofit，即“药效往往取决于病人对药物的期待程度”，选项D)是对此意的转述，故为正确答案。 32.Whatevidencedoesthe1997studyattheUniversityofCaliforniaproduce? ［答案］B)Theworkingsofthemindmayhelppatientsrecover. [听前猜测]四个选项都是与病人的治疗效果有关，听音时注意相关介绍。 [精解]文章在最后部分介绍了加州大学1997年的研究。研究表明，许多服用无毒物质的病人能够在体内释放出象药物一样的化学物质。换句话说，病人的意识对康复有很大的影响。 PassageThree Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. (35)Sowe’vealreadytalkedabitaboutthegrowthofextremesportslikerock-climbing.Aspsychologists,weneedtoaskourselves:Whyisthispersondoingthis?Whydopeopletaketheserisksandputthemselvesindangerwhentheydon’thaveto?(33)Onecommontraitamongrisk-takersisthattheyenjoystrongfeelingsorsensations.Wecallthistraitsensation-seeking.Asensation-seekerissomeonewho’salwayslookingfornewsensations.Whatelsedoweknowaboutsensation-seekers?Well,asIsaid,sensation-seekerslikestrongemotions.Youcanseethistraitinmanypartsofaperson’slife,notjustinextremesports.Forexample,manysensation-seekersenjoyhardrockmusic.Theyliketheloudsoundandstrongemotionofthesongs.Similarly,sensation-seekersenjoyfrighteninghorrormovies.Theylikethefeelingofbeingscaredandhorrifiedwhilewatchingthemovie.Thisfeelingisevenstrongerforextremesportswherethepersonfacesrealdanger.Sensation-seekersfeelthedangerisveryexciting.Inaddition,sensation-seekerslikenewexperiencesthatforcethemtopushtheirpersonallimits.(34)Forthem,repeatingthesamethingseverydayisboring.Manysensation-seekerschoosejobsthatinvolverisk,suchasstartinganewbusinessorbeinganemergencyroomdoctor.Thesejobsaredifferenteveryday,sotheyneverknowwhatwillhappen.That’swhymanysensation-seekersalsolikeextremesports.Whenyoudorock-climbing,youneverknowwhatwillhappen.Theactivityisalwaysnewanddifferent. 预览三道题各选项，根据33、34题推断本文可能与一些高难度的刺激活动相关，如攀岩、看恐怖电影等。 33.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisacommontraitamongrisk-takers? ［答案］A)Enjoyingstrongfeelingsandemotions. [听前猜测]四个选项都是动名词短语，而且都是描述人的喜好的，可以推测本题考查人的喜好或性格特点。 [精解]文章中提到，喜欢冒险的人的一个最常见的特性是theyenjoystrongfeelingsorsensations，即他们喜欢强烈的感觉和感情。sensation意为“感觉，感情”，与emotion同义，故选项A)正确。 34.Whatdosensation-seekersfindboring? ［答案］D)Doingdailyroutines. [听前猜测]四个选项都是动名词短语，都是一些人类活动，由此推测本题可能考查人的动作。 [精解]文章在后半部分提到Forthem,repeatingthesamethingseverydayisboring，即对他们(喜欢冒险的人)来说，每天重复同样的事情是很无聊的，选项D)中的dailyroutine和repeatingthesamethingseveryday属于同义转述，故选项D)正确。 35.Whatisthespeaker’sprofession? ［答案］B)Apsychologist. [听前猜测]四个选项都是表示人的职业的名词，因此推断本题考查人的职业。 [精解]文章主要谈论喜欢冒险的人喜欢做的事情及其原因，再加上文章一开始就提到Sowe’vealreadytalkedabitaboutthegrowthofextremesportslikerock-climbing.Aspsychologists,weneedtoaskourselves...从说话的口气和自称psychologist可知，说话人的职业是psychologist，故选项B)正确。SectionC 36.118nsquarely [听前猜测]此处应该填入一个副词作动词look的状语。 37.floating [听前猜测]此处应该填入现在分词形式作伴随状语。 38.Occasionally [听前猜测]此处应该填入一个副词承前作状语。 Occasionaly或Accasionally。 39.dutifully [听前猜测]此处应该填入一个副词修饰其后的谓语动词copy。 40.witty [听前猜测]此处应该填入一个形容词修饰其后的名词。 41.humorous/humourous [听前猜测]此处应该填入一个形容词作句子的宾语补足语，且空格前有副词形式mildly，更可以确定。 42.guilt [听前猜测]此处应该填入一个名词作其前介词of的宾语。 43.material [听前猜测]此处应该填入一个名词作句子的主语。 44.theinstructor’stalkingaboutroadconstructioninancientRome,andnothingcouldbemoreboring [听写关键]instructor,construction,ancient,Rome,boring 45.Yourblankexpression,andthefarawaylookinyoureyesarethecuesthatbetrayyourinattentiveness [听写关键]blank,expression,faraway,cues,betray,inattentiveness 46.theyautomaticallystartdaydreamingwhenaspeakerbeginstalkingonsomethingcomplexoruninteresting [听写关键]automatically,daydreaming,complex,uninterestingPartⅣReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）(25minutes) SectionA 议论文。本文讨论了男性劳动者在身为人父后所面临的来自家庭和职场的双重压力。随着思维定势的转变，人们采取了一些灵活的方法来解决该问题，照顾子女和拼搏职场不再是完全对立的，而是变得相得益彰。 47.mother’ssupportnetworks [定位]根据题干中的unlikewomen和supportorinformation定位到原文第一段第2句Butunlikewomen,manyfindthey’renegotiatingtheirnewroleswithlittlesupportorinformation和第4句Theyoftenfindthemselvesexcludedfrommother’ssupportnetworks... [精解]本题问的是男女双方在获得支持和信息方面的不同。题干中的getlittle...和第4句中的excluded是同义转述，两个句子都含有from引导的介词短语，from的宾语mother’ssupportnetworks就是本题的答案。 48.climbthecorporateladder [定位]根据题干中的menwerealsoexpectedto定位到原文第二段第2句There,menarestillexpectedtobebreadwinnersclimbingthecorporateladder. [精解]本题针对男士应该承担的责任提问，题干中已经给出了其责任之一：supportingfamily，这和第2句中的bebreadwinners“负担家计的人”属同义转述。分析第2句的句子结构，现在分词climbing引导的短语作伴随状语，其内容就是男人应该承担的另一个责任，即climbingthecorporateladder。但是结合题干对原文作出的改变，beexpectedto后要接动词原形，故本题答案为climbthecorporateladder。 49.takenseriously [定位]根据题干中的flexibleschedule定位到原文第2段末句Asmuchasifnotmoresothanwomen,fathersstruggletobetakenseriouslywhentheyrequestflexiblearrangements. [精解]题干中的like是对原句中Asmuchasifnotmoresothan的概括与同义转述，desire和request，hope和struggle也为同义转述，同时两个句子结构相同，都使用了被动语态，所以答案就很清楚了，为takenseriously。 50.athome/inahomeoffice [定位]根据题干中的Maring,paternityleave和hiscompany定位到原文第4段第2句WhenMaringhadadaughter,thecompanyequippedhimwithahomeofficeandallowedhimtochoseajobthatcouldbeperformedfromthere. [精解]本题针对Maring休陪产假时的工作地点提问。题干中Maringwasonpaternityleave(休陪产假)和原句中的Maringhadadaughter(有了女儿)是同义转述，原句中提到公司为他配备了一间家庭办公室，显然是允许他在家中工作，所以本题的答案为athome或inahomeoffice。 51.stress [定位]根据题干中的人名ChristineHolm,paternityleave和anewkindoftraining定位到原文末段第4句“Whenanemployeegoesonpaternityleaveandiswithhiskids,hegetsanewkindoftraining:inhowtokeepcoolunderstress,”saysspokespersonChristineElbergHolm. [精解]题目问为什么陪产假能够让男性员工得到锻炼。根据原句可知，陪产假可以让员工接受一种新的训练：如何在压力下保持冷静。结合题干，可见，陪产假可以帮助员工应对stress(压力)，这就是本题的答案。SectionB PassageOne 52.C)。[定位]由题干中的theauthorwasdisappointed定位到原文首段第2句Recently,however,IwasdisappointedtoseethatitalsodecideshowI’mtreatedasaperson. [精解]语义题。首先要确定从句中的主语it指代前一句中的myoccupation(职业)，由此可以看出，让作者感到失望的是“我的工作也能决定我身而为人是如何被对待的”，选项C)“人的工作可以影响到他作为一个人被对待的方式”与原文是同义转述，因此C)为答案。 53.A)。[定位]由题干中提到的theexampleinthesecond118nparagraph定位到第2段。 [精解]推断题。第2段所举事例是说，作者在当饭店招待员时碰到了一位蛮横无礼的顾客，对她随意地呼来唤去。由此可见，作者想表达的意思是：很多顾客不尊重为他们提供服务的人，所以A)正确。 54.D)。[定位]由题干中的waitingtablesattheageof19定位到原文第3段第2句Butat19yearsold,IbelievedIdeservedinferiortreatmentfromprofessionaladults. [精解]语义题。作者19岁时在饭店当招待员，不被顾客尊重，她对此的看法是“deservedinferiortreatment”，即“比别人低人一等是理所应当的”，换句话说，作者认为这是十分自然的，即选项D)所述的“natural”。正确答案为D)。 55.B)。[定位]由题干定位到原文第7段末句Still,itseemedthatmanyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant. [精解]推断题。本题问的是作者说这句话所要表达的深意。句子的意思是“很多顾客没有弄清楚server(侍者)和servant(仆人)的区别”，换句话说，许多顾客把给他们提供服务的服务生当成仆人了，在现代社会中，这显然是不正确的，即选项B)所述“服务行业的人员不应该被当成仆人来对待。” 56.A)。[定位]由题干中的She’llonedaytakeherclientstodinner定位到原文末段最后一句I’lltakethemtodinnerfirst,andseehowtheytreatsomeonewhoseonlyjobistoservethem. [精解]推断题。原文中提到，对于有求于她的人，作者会先带他去吃饭，看看他是如何对待那些唯一的工作就是为他们提供服务的人。结合前文作者的经历和感受，可以看出，作者是想通过观察他对服务生的态度和举止来了解这个人的品性，故选项A)为答案。参考译文： 同大部分人一样，我早就明白人们会通过我从事的工作来判断我。我的职业就如同一个标尺，人们通过它来衡量我有多么聪明或睿智。(52)但是，最近令我深感失望的是，我看到工作同样也决定了身而为人的我将会如何被对待。 去年，我辞职不再做小镇的记者，转而找了一份招待员的工作。做着领薪水为他人提供餐饮服务的工作，我遇到一些顾客，他们对我说了一些也做了一些我觉得他们从来没有对一般的熟人说过或做过的事情。(53)一天晚上一个拿着手机打电话的男子挥手示意我离开，然后不到一分钟又用手指示意我回来，埋怨说他已经准备好点菜，问我去哪里了。 暑假里我在大学里当招待员，被很多人当作勤杂工一样对待。(54)但是年仅19岁的年龄，我认为接受一些来自成年职业人士的劣等对待并无不当。况且，在我告诉他们我在上大学时，他们对我的反应就会有所不同。客人们会对我开玩笑说，有朝一日我也可以坐在桌子边上，等候着有人提供服务。 毕业之后，我在一家社区报纸找到了一份工作。从第一天起，我从任何一位称呼我的人口中听到的都是尊敬的口吻。我以为这就是职场的运作方式——诚恳。 很快我有了不同的发现。我坐的位置距离一位和我的名字非常相似的广告销售代表仅有几英尺远。我们的电话经常混淆，Kristen的电话会被转接给Christie。错误很快就清楚了。也许是因为钱的缘故，对着Kristen讲话时，人们总是使用一种从来没有对我使用过的口吻。 我的工作头衔让人们非常谦恭地对待我。所以，重新回到饭店行业让人感到震惊。 站在桌边等顾客点菜时有很多需要容忍的事情，这已经不是什么秘密了。但是，幸运的是，当你拿到小费时，就会忘记很多的不满。服务业，顾名思义，它之所以存在就是要满足别人的需要。(55)而且，看起来我的很多顾客没有弄清楚server(侍者)和servant(仆人)的区别。现在我正在申请读研究生，这就意味着将来有一天我会重新找到一份工作，一份人们为了得到他们想得到的东西而对我非常友好的工作。(56)我想我会先带他们去吃饭，借机看一下他们是如何对待那些唯一的工作就是为他们提供服务的人。 PassageTwo 57.C)。[定位]由题干中的currenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrich定位到原文首段。 [精解]细节题。题干中的currenttopicofcommoninterest是对原文中hot一词的具体解释。对于富人们2007年最感兴趣的事情，原文中提到了三个：A$7.3milliondiamondring，AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals和incomeinequality，其中第3个是最重要的，结合选项可以看出本题的答案是C)。 58.C)。[定位]由题干中的MortimerZucherman’slamentation定位到原文第三段中的一系列进行哀叹的话语。[精解]语义题。第三段第3句提到“我们的大部分经济收入都进入了位于收入台阶最顶层的富翁的腰包中。形成鲜明对比的是，对于一家人都是工薪阶层的人来说，五年来的平均收入呈连续下降趋势。”选项C)“虽然财富在不断增加，但是美国人的贫富分化状况不断加大”对此进行了概括，是本题的答案。 59.B)。[定位]由题干中的thefifthparagraph定位到原文第5段的内容。 [精解]推断题。第5段第2句提到“巨富者和你我一样都能跟得上潮流，在涉及政治和政策问题时，也是如此”，由此可见，巨富者不但关心时尚变化，而且十分关注政治和政策，即选项B)所说的“巨富者在政治上十分敏感”。 60.C)。[定位]由题干中的plutocrats和expresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass定位到原文第6段首句It’spossiblethatplutocratsareexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxpolicies. [精解]推断题。本题提问有钱有势的人向中产阶级表示团结的realreason(真正原因)。从表面上看，有钱有势的人向中产阶级表示团结，目的是防止出现没收性的税收政策，会觉得A)正确；但是继续往下读文章，第7段继续陈述了有钱有势的人害怕中产阶级的深层原因，也是真正原因：thepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStates...，简而言之，他们希望在全球经济融合问 题上获得中产阶级的支持，这才是他们的最大利益所在，即C)所述内容。因此选项C)是本题的答案。61.D)。[定位]由题干中的条件从句iftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods定位到原文末段第2句AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad. [精解]语义题。题干的条件从句和原文中的很相似，而且题干中的whatmayhappen是对原文中的it’slikelyto...的同义转述，后面的内容encouragereciprocalactionabroad就是答案所在。reciprocal意为“相应的，交互的”，所以本题的答案为D)“作为回应，外国也会设置同样的经济壁垒”。参考译文： (57)2007年巨富们对什么事情最关心？价值730万美元的钻戒。去坦桑尼亚旅行、打猎。哦，还有收入的不平等。 118n的确，一些象GeorgeSoros一样的左派富翁多年来一直抨击收入不公平问题。但是，中间派议员们和右派富翁也越来越担心收入不公平问题和中产阶级的命运。 12月份，MortimerZuckerman在自己拥有的《美国新闻与世界报导》上发表专栏文章。“我们国家与中产阶级之间的核心契约正在瓦解，”美国排名第117位的富翁哀叹道。“(58)我们的大部分经济收入都进入了位于收入台阶最顶层的富翁的腰包中。形成鲜明对比的是，对于一家人都是工薪阶层的人来说，五年来的平均收入呈连续下降趋势。”他说，“成百上千万美国人生活在恐惧中，他们害怕严重的健康问题会让他们破产。” Zuckerman对于中产阶级所面临的苦苦挣扎表示极大愤慨，WilburRossJr.随即作出响应。“如果任何美国人寿命的缩短仅仅是因为他所工作的公司破产而没法享受健康救助，这简直就是暴行，”国际钢铁组织前任主席说。 到底在发生着什么？(59)巨富者和你我一样都能跟得上潮流，在涉及政治和政策问题时，也是如此。就拿最近国会控制权发生的变化，增加最低工资举措的受欢迎以及加利福尼亚州州长努力推行普及健康救助的行动来说，这些人不需要个人天气预报员来了解风往哪个方向吹。(60)有钱有势的人与苦苦挣扎的中产阶级表示团结以使他们远离没收性的税收政策。这一点是有可能的。但是收入不公平会导致对富者更多的税率的可能性并没有让有钱有势的人半夜里睡不着觉。他们能够承受得了。不，(60)他们担心的是，因为收入分配和经济安全的现状，若要使全球经济融合得到越来越多的人的支持的政治挑战在美国会变得更困难。 换句话说，如果美国的中产阶级继续在财政问题上挣扎，而巨富者越来越富有的话，物品、服务和资本跨越国境自由流通将越来越难获得政治上的支持。(61)当美国对外国投资者和外国商品设置障碍时，很有可能国外也会采取相对应的措施。这样，对于那些买卖公司或者向全球市场分配资本的人来说，这无疑是一个真正的梦魇。PartVCloze(15minutes)记叙文。本文叙述了物理学家爱因斯坦在1915年间进行科学研究时遇到的问题及其为此所做的努力，同时本文还提到了爱因斯坦同其对手希尔伯特之间的竞争。 62.C)。[精解]动词短语辨义。turnout意为“证明是，结果是”，符合句意。turnup意为“出现，露面”；turnover意为“打翻，移交”；turnoff意为“关掉”。 63.A)。[精解]动词辨义与搭配。convince与其后的of构成固定搭配convincesb.ofsth.意为“使相信，使信服”。爱因斯坦发现了相对论，当然希望能够使别人相信自己提出的理论。counsel意为“劝告，忠告”；persuade意为“说服，劝服”，常用的搭配为persuadesb.todosth.或persuadesb.intodoingsth.；preach意为“鼓吹，宣扬”。 64.C)。[精解]介词辨义。amid意为“在…中”，后可接复数名词，符合句意。above意为“在…上面”，around意为“在…周围”，along意为“顺着，沿着”。 65.B)。[精解]动词辨义。emerge意为“出现，形成”，本句的主语为anewscientificanxiety，即“科学上有新的忧虑出现”，符合句意。emit意为“发出，放射”，submit意为“提交，服从”，submerge意为“浸没，淹没”。 66.C)。[精解]动词辨义。describe意为“描述，形容”，可以与其后的宾语concept搭配。根据句意，爱因斯坦想找到公式来描述自己的重力概念。imitate意为“模仿，效仿”，ignite意为“点火，点燃”，ascribe意为“归因于，归咎于”，常与介词to构成搭配。 67.A)。[精解]代词辨义。ones用来指代前文提到的复数概念，此处指代前文提到的therightequations。 68.D)。[精解]介词辨义。through意为“穿过，通过”，movethrough意为“在…范围内运动”，所在句子的意思是“物体如何在空中运动”。into意为“在…里面”，beyond意为“超过，那一边”，among意为“在…中，…之一”。 69.B)。[精解]动词辨义。realize意为“意识到，体会到”，后面一般接人的感觉，句中指爱因斯坦意识到自己试图证明的数学方法有缺陷。resolve意为“决心，决定”，常接不定式或that从句；accept意为“接受，认可”；assure意为“确保，保证”。 70.A)。[精解]动词辨义。pursue意为“从事，追踪”，后常接某种目标或追求，此处指爱因斯坦探索数学方法。protect意为“保护”，contest意为“争辩，竞赛”，contend意为“斗争，竞争”。 71.D)。[精解]形容词辨义。competitive意为“竞争的”，有竞争才会有压力，所以可以和其后的pressure搭配。complex意为“复杂的，综合的”，compatible意为“协调的，一致的”，comparative意为“比较的，相当的”。 72.B)。[精解]名词辨义。horror意为“惊骇，恐惧”，toone’shorror是固定短语，意为“让…感到恐惧的是”，爱因斯坦发现别人的研究有可能领先于他，所以感到很恐惧。humor意为“幽默，诙谐”，excitement意为“激动，兴奋”，extinction意为“消失，消灭”。 73.C)。[精解]固定搭配。comeup与with构成固定搭配，意为“提出，拿出”，后常接表示“计划”、“方案”的词汇。comeupto意为“达到,符合，达到(标准),比得上,等于”；comeupagainst意为“碰到，遭遇”。 74.A)。[精解]固定短语。throwoneselfinto意为“投身于，积极从事”，句中指爱因斯坦投身于长达一个月的近乎疯狂的研究中去。thrust意为“刺，戳”，huddle意为“拥挤，聚集”，hop意为“单脚跳，跳跃”。 75.D)。[精解]连接代词用法。which在句中引导定语从句，可以作介词in的宾语，其先行词为franticendeavor。how是连接副词，引导方式状语从句；that是连接代词，可以引导定语从句，但是不能作介词in的宾语；what是连接代词，常引导名词性从句。 76.C)。[精解]动词辨义。rush意为“匆忙地做，冲进”，在句中指爱因斯坦匆忙发表演讲，公布科研成果，以占领先机。dash意为“猛冲，草率完成”，dart意为“飞奔，投掷”，reel意为“旋转，退缩”。 77.A)。[精解]形容词辨义。successive意为“连续的，继承的”，句中指爱因斯坦连续发表演讲公布自己的成果。progressive意为“前进的，进步的”，extensive意为“广泛的，广阔的”，repetitive意为“重复的，反复性的”。 78.C)。118n[精解]连接副词辨义。though引导让步状语从句，句中指尽管爱因斯坦承认自己尚未得出精确的数学公式，但是为了防止别人抢得先机，他还是公布了自己已经取得的成果。so是连词，后接表结果的句子；since和because引导原因状语从句。 79.D)。[精解]副词辨义。furiously意为“激烈地，兴奋地”，指爱因斯坦进行科研工作时的激情高涨。casually意为“偶然地，随便地”，coarsely意为“粗俗地，鄙俗地”，violently意为“猛烈地，激烈地”。 80.B)。[精解]固定搭配。worryabout是固定短语，意为“为…担心，为…烦恼”。after，on，in都不能与worry搭配。 81.A)。[精解]形容词辨义。curious意为“好奇的，求知的”，常用结构为becurioustodo和becuriousabout。conscious意为“有意识的，有知觉的”，常用结构为beconsciousof；ambitious意为“有雄心的，野心勃勃的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不确定的”。PartⅥTranslation(5minutes)82.ourcommunicationwouldnothavebeensoefficientandconvenient [考点]①虚拟语气：butfor引导含蓄虚拟语气句；②efficient表示“有效率的，迅速的”；③convenient表示“方便的”。 83.nothingismorehelpfulthanasenseofhumor [考点]①nothingismore/-erthan结构表示“没有…比…更…”；②senseofhumor表示“幽默感”。 84.but(he)refusedtomakefurtherexplanation(fordoingso)/tofurtherexplainwhy [考点]①refusetodo表示“拒绝”；②makefurtherexplanation或furtherexplain表示“进一步解释”。 85.whileanimalbehaviordependsmainly/ismainlydependenton/upontheirinstinct(s) [考点]①while表示对比；②dependsmainlyon/upon或ismainlydependenton/upon表示“主要依靠”；③“本能”用instinct来表示。 86.shouldhelietothecourt [考点]①倒装结构：undernocircumstances意思为“决不”，置于句首时，句子要使用倒装结构，类似的需要使用倒装结构的短语有bynomeans,innoway,innocase等；②lietosb.表示“向…说谎”。2008年6月英语六级参考答案（A卷）1.D2. B3.  A  4.C 5.C6.C7.D8.artificaialintelligenceforrobots9.pollutions10religion11.A12.D13. C  14.A15.B16.A  17.D18.C19.B20.A21.D22.B23.C  24.A25.B26.D27.A28. B29. D30.  D31. B32. C33. D34.B35.C47.causingareaction48.anemotionaldebate.49.theapprovalofeveryvictim’sfamily50.exploitinganationaltragedy.51.toraisetheawareness52.B53.C54D55C56A57.D58. A59.C60. B61. C62.A 63. D64.A65.D66.A67.C68.B69.A70.C71.D72.C73.B74.D75 .A76 .B77.D78 .C79 .C 80.A81 .B82.  whohavespenttheirwholelivesonpoem83.  orsheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweek84. havefinishedherchemistryexperiments85.  hastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother86.  Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon听力原文：SectionA11.M:Goodnews!I’mnotgoingtohavesurgeryafterall.ThedoctorsaysIcanstartworkingoutagainsoon,andmaybeplayfootballlikebeforeinafewweeks.W:That’sterrific!ItwillbegreatifyoucangetbackinshapeintimefortheWorldCup.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?12.M:Ireallyneedtomakesomeextramoney.Youknow,I’vepracticallyspentmyentirebudgetforthesemester.W:WhynotcheckoutthenewcafeteriaattheMarketStreet.Ithinkthere’sstillafewopeningsuitableforseniorslikeyou.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?13.M:IhearJohnlefthiscatinyourcarewhilehe’sonvacationabroad.Howareyougettingalongwithit?W:Well,itnevercomeswhenIcallit.Itspillsitsfoodandshedsallovertheplace.Ican’twaittillJohngetsback.Q:Howdoesthewomanfindthecat?14.W:Hello,ProfessorWhite,Igotmygradeinthemailthismorning,butIthinktheremightbeamistakeinmymark.M:Yeah.I’vegotseveralcallsjustlikeyours.Theremustbeaproblemwithacomputingsystem.Itshouldbestraightenedoutinacoupleofhours.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?15.M:ProfessorJohnson,lastnightwhenIwasputtingthefinishingtouchesonmypaperacomputerfailurecompletelywipedupmyfiles.DoyouthinkIcouldhaveanotherdaytoretypeit?W:I’msorry,Rod.I’mleavingforaconferencetomorrow,andI’llbeawaytwoweeks.Isupposeyoucouldsendmeane-copy.Q:Whydoesthemansayhecan’tsubmithisassignmentontime?16.W:Ijustcalledthetravelagency.It’sallset.OnJune1sweareheadingforthemountainsandwillbecampingthereforawholeweek.M:Haveyoucheckedtheacademiccalendar?Myclassesaren’toveruntilthe8th.118nQ:Whatdoesthemanimply?17.W:Ithoughttherewasstilltimeformetoapplyforastudentloan.ButsomeonejusttoldmethattheclosingdatewaslastTuesday.M:Areyousure?Ithoughtwestillhadanothermonth.Wait,I’vegotabrochurerighthere.LastTuesdaywastheopeningdate.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?18.W:Lookatallthepollutantsgoingintotheairfromthosefactories.Doyouthinkthey’llevergetthatundercontrol?M:Nowwiththenewlawsineffect,andsocialawarenessincreasing,wearesuretoturnthingsaround.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?ConversationoneW:Tellme,Peter,whatmakesHarrodssofamous?M:Well,it’sthebiggestdepartmentstoreintheUK.AnditsfoodhallandtheEgyptianhallareveryfamous.PeoplecometoHarrodsjusttoseethem.W:Whatisspecialaboutthefoodhall?M:Itsellsmanydifferentkindsoffood.Forexample,ithas250kindsofcheesefromallovertheworldandmorethan180kindsofbread.Customersalsoloveallthedifferentkindsofchocolate.Theybuy100tonseveryyear.W:That’samazing!AndwhyistheEgyptianhallsofamous?M:Well,whenpeopleseeit,theyfeeltheyareinanotherworld.ItlookslikeanEgyptianbuildingfrom4000yearsago.Anditsellsbeautifulobjects.Theyarenot4000yearsold,ofcourse.W:IsittruethatHarrodsproducesitsownelectricity?M:Yes,itdoes.70%,enoughforasmalltown.Tolighttheoutsideofthebuilding,weuse11500lightbulbs.W:Really?Tellme,howmanycustomersdoyouhaveonanaverageday?Andhowmuchdotheyspend?M:About30000peoplecomeonanaverageday.Butduringthesales,thenumberincreasesto300000customersaday.Howmuchdotheyspend?Well,onaverage,customersspendabout1.5millionpoundsaday.Therecordforonedayis9millionpounds,W:9millionpoundsinoneday?M:Yes,onthefirstdayoftheJanuarysales.W:Harrodssaysitsellseverythingtoeverybody,everywhere.Isthatreallytrue?M:Oh,yes,ofcourse!Absolutelyeverything!19.WhatisthefoodhallofHarrodsnotedfor?20.WhatdoestheEgyptianhallseemliketothecustomers?21.WhatmaycustomersfindsurprisingaboutHarrods?22.AbouthowmanycustomerscometoHarrodsonanaverageday?ConversationtwoW:Hi,Kevin.M:Hi,Laura.Longtimenosee.What’veyoubeenuptolately?W:Notmuch,Icanassureyou.Andyou?M:Muchthesame,exceptIdohavesomebignews.W:Comeon!Thissuspenseiskillingme.M:No,really.What’veyoubeendoingthesepastfewweeks?ThelasttimeIsawyou,youwerelookingforanewjob.W:Well,That’snotexactlytrue.Iwasthinkingaboutchangingjobs.Luckily,theyofferedmeanewpositionintheaccountingdepartment.M:Astepupinthebigbusinessworld.W:Iwouldn’texaggerate,butI’mpleased.Ihadbeenhopingtogetapromotionforawhile.SowhenitfinallycamethroughIwasrelieved.Actuallythat’swhyIwaslookingforanewjob.Ijustdidn’twanttoworkthereanymore.Theyweren’tgoingtorecognizemyefforts.M:Right.Sometimesyoucandoyourbestanditseemsliketheothersdon’tknowyouexist.Ihopethemoneyisbetter?W:Igotareasonableraise.Now,enoughaboutme.I’mdyingtohearyournews.M:I’mgettingmarried.W:No!Yousaidyounevergetmarried.M:Thatwasthen,andthisisnow.You’vegottomeetAndria.She’sgreat!W:Thisisallnewstome.Ididn’tevenknowyouweredating.M:Weweren’t.We’vejustbeendatingfortwoweeksnow.W:Andyou’regettingmarried?M:IknowIcan’thelpit.Ijustknowshe’stheone.W:Well,congratulations!That’sfantastic!M:Thanks.I’mgladtohearyoufeelthatway.23.Whatwasthewomandoingwhenthemanlastsawher?24.Whydoesthewomansayshewasrelieved?25.Whyisthewomansurprisedattheman’snews?SectionBPassage1Waterscootersarewatervehiclesthatlookverymuchlikemotorcycles.Nowadaysspeedy,colorfulwaterscootersaregaininginpopularity.Theycantravelanywhereasmallboatcanandtypicallypopularwithyoungpeople.Therisingpopularityofthecrafthasraisedthequestionofwaterscooterregulation.Inthiscase,theargumentforstrictregulationiscompelling.Waterscootersareaparticularlydeadlyformofwaterrecreation.For118nexample,twowomenwerevacationinginLongBoatKey.Whiletheywerefloatingonarubberboatalongtheshore,awaterscootercrashedintothemandkilledthem.Also,waterscooteroperatorshavebeenkilledorseriouslyinjuredincollisionswithotherwatercraft.Othershavebeenstraddledattheseawhenthescooterseitherfailedorsankfarfromshore.Manywaterscooteroperatorsareinexperiencedandignorantofnavigationalruleswhichincreasesthepotentialforaccidents.Theincreasingpopularityofthescooterhasaggravatedtheproblemprovidingmorewatervehiclestocompeteforthesamespace.Crowdedwaterwaysaresimplyanopeninvitationtodisaster.Inadditiontotheinherentoperationalhazardsofwaterscooters,they’reprovingtobeanenvironmentalnonsense.Beachresidentscomplainedofthenoiseofthescooters.ThepacificwhalefoundationonthewestcoastexpressedconcernthatthescootersarefrighteningawayandendangerspeciesofwhalethatmigratestoHawaiiforbreeding.Regulationssuchasminimumoperatingage,restrictedoperatingareasandcompulsoryclassesinwatersafetyareessential.Withoutsuchregulations,tragediesinvolvewaterscootersaresuretomultiplywhichmakesmanybeachesunsafeforrecreation.26Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutwaterscooters?27Whatismentionedasoneofthecausesofwateraccidents?28Inwhatwayarewaterscooterssaidtobeanenvironmentalnonsense?29Whatdoesthespeakerproposetoensurethesafetyofbeachesforrecreation?Passage2ItseemstomethatneighborsaregoingoutofstyleinAmerica.Thefriendnextdoorfromwhomyouborrowedfoureggsoraladderhasmovedandthepeopleintherenowarestrangers.Someofthetraditionalstoriesofneighborlinessareimpracticalorsilly.Anditmaybejustaswellthatourrelationswithourneighborsarechanging.ThesayingintheBible“LoveThyNeighbor”wasprobablyapoortranslationofwhatmusthaveoriginallybeen–RespectThyNeighbor.Lovecant’becalleduponorder.FewerthanhalfthepeopleintheUnitedStatesliveinthesamehousetheylivedinfiveyearsago.Sothere’snoreasontolovethepeoplewholivenextdoortoyoujustbecausetheyhappentowanderintoarealestateofficethatlistedtheplacenextdoortoyours.Theonlythingneighborshaveincommon,tobeginwith,isproximity.Andunlesssomethingmoredevelops,thatisn’treasonenoughtobebestfriends.Itsometimeshappensnaturally,butthechancesareverysmallthatyourneighborswillbeyourchoiceoffriendsorthatyou’llbetheirs,either.Thebestrelationshipwithneighborsisoneoffriendlydistance.Yousayhello,yousmalltalkifyouseethemintheyard.Youdiscussproblemsastheyarise.Andyouhelpeachotherinanemergency.Thedriveway,orthefencebetweenyou,isnotreallyacoldshoulderbutaclearboundary-wealllikeclearlydefinedboundariesforourselves.30Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttherelationsamongneighborsnowadays?31Whydoesthespeakersayitmaybedifficultforpeopletolovetheirneighbors?32Whatshouldneighborsdointhespeaker’sopinion?PassageThreeArticlesinmagazinesandnewspapersandspecialreportsonradio,andtelevisionreflecttheconcernofmanyAmericansabouttheincreasingdrop-outrateinourjuniorandseniorhighschools.Coupledwiththisfactisthewarningthatsoonwewillnolongerhaveaworkforcetofillthemanyjobsthatrequireproperlyeducatedpersonnel.Thehighstudentdropoutrateisnotarecentdevelopment.Tenyearsago,manyurbanschoolswerereportingdropoutratesbetween35%and50%.Someadministratorsmaintainthatdropoutsremainthesinglegreatestproblemintheirschools.Consequently,muchefforthasbeenspentonidentifyingstudentswithproblemsinordertogivethemmoreattentionbeforebecomefailures.Sincethedropoutproblemdoesn’tstartinseniorhighschool,specialprogramsinjuniorhighschoolfocusonstudentswhoshowpromise,buthavearecordoftruancy.That’sstayingawayfromschoolwithoutpermission.Undertheguidanceofcounselors,thesestudentsareplacedinclasseswithteacherswhohavehadsuccessinworkingwithsimilaryoungpeople.Strategiestomotivatestudentsinhighschool,includerewardingacademicexcellencebydesignatingscholarsofthemonth,orbyissuingarticlesofclothingsuchasschoolletterjacketsformallygivenonlytoathletes..Nooneworkingwiththesestudentsclaimstoknowhowtokeepallstudentsinschool.Counselors,teachersandadministratorsareinthefrontlinesofwhatseemsattimestobealosingbattle.Actually,thisproblemshouldbeeveryone’sconcernsinceuneducated,unemployedcitizensaffectusall33WhyareAmericansconcernedabouttheincreasingdrop-outrateinschool?34Whatdowelearnaboutthestudentdrop-outprobleminAmerica?35Whatismentionedasoneofthestrategiesusedtomotivatestudents?SectionCI’minterestedinthecriminaljusticesystemofourcountry.Itseemstomethatsomethinghastobedoneifwearetosurviveasacountry.Icertainlydon’tknowwhattheanswerstoourproblemsare.Thingscertainlygetcomplicatedinahurrywhenyougetintothem.ButIwonderifsomethingcouldn’tbedonetodealwithsomeoftheseproblems.OnethingI’mconcernedaboutisourpracticeofputtingoffendersinjailwhohaven’tharmedanyone.Whynotworkoutsomesystemwherebytheycanpaybackthedebtstheyowesocietyinsteadofincurringanotherdebtbygoingtoprisonandofcoursecomingouttheinfluenceofhardenedcriminals.I’malsoconcernedabouttheshortprisonsentencespeopleareservingforseriouscrimes.Ofcourseonealternativetothisistorestorecapitalpunishment.ButI’mnotsureIwouldbeforthat.I’mnotsureit’srighttotakeaneyeforaneye.Thealternativetocapitalpunishmentislongersentencesbuttheywouldcertainlycostthetax-payersmuchmoney.Ialsothinkwemustdosomethingabouttheinsanityplea.Inmyopinion,anyonewhotakesanotherperson’slifeintentionallyisinsane.Howeverthatdoesnotmeanthatthepersonisn’tguiltyofthecrimeorthatheshouldn’tpaysocietythedebtheowes.Itsaidofcoursethatapersonmayhavetospendtherestofhislifeoralargepartofitinprisonforactsthathecommittedwhilenotinfullcontrolofhismind.2008年12月英语六级参考答案（A卷）1.C　2.A3.B4.D　5.C6.D7.B8.notentirelyclear9.familysize10.partygenetiz118n11.A12.C13.D　14.C　15.D16.D17.A18.C19.B20.A21.B　22.A　23.C　24.A25.D　26.B　27.D　28.B　29.D　30.B　31.A　32.A　33.B　34.D　35.C36.appearance37.symbol38.decades39.exported40.apparent41.percentage42.combination43.convenient44.Ourairqualitynowsuffersfromtheeffectsofthepollutantsemitteddirectlyfromourcars.45.TheproblemscausedbymotorizedvehiclesintheWestareoftenmagnifiedindevelopingnations.Pollution-controlmeasuresareeithernotstrict46.Movementinsomecitiescomestoavirtualstandstill,asmotorizedtrafficcompeteswithbicyclesandpedestrians.47.lighterandmoreshock-absorbent.48.potentialsintheU.S.49.establishedathleticfootwear50.informally.51.Theteamspiritandsharedvalvesoftheathlets.52.B53.D54.C55.A56.D57.A58.B59.D60.C61.B62.C63.A64.D65.C66.B67.D68.C69.B70.A71.C72.D73.B74.A75.C76.B77.A78.C79.D80.B81.A82.madeaperfectcombinationofbeautyandfunction.83.knowwhichwaytotakeinstinctively.84.(should)deprivechildrenoftheirfreedom85.alowerdeathratecomparedwithrelativelyinactivepeople86.whyyouwouldbethebestcandidate.听力原文：SectionA:11.M:I’maskedtopickuptheguestspeakerBobRusselattheairportthisafternoon,doyouknowwhathelookslike?W:Well,he’sinhissixties,hestandsout,he’sbald,tallandthinandhasabeard.Q:Whatdoweconcludefromthewoman’sremarksaboutBobRussel?12.W:I’mconsideringdroppingmydancingclass.I’mnotmakinganyprogressM:IfIwereyou,I’dstickwithit.It'sdefinitelyworthtimeandeffort.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?13.W:YouseeIstillhavethispaininmyback,thismedicinethedoctorgavemewassupposedtomakemefeelbetterbynow.M:Maybeyoushould’vetakenitthreetimesadayasyouweretold.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?14.M:Frankly,whenIsatatthebackoftheclassroom,Ican’tseethewordsontheboardclearly.W:Well,you’vebeenwearingthosesameglassesaslongasI’veknownyou.Whynotgetanewpair,itwon’tcostyoutoomuch.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplyabouttheman’sglasses?15.W:Howcomethefloorissowet?Ialmostslipped,whathappened?M:Oh,sorry!ThephonerangthemomentIgotintotheshower,anyway,I’llwipeituprightnow.Q:Whywasthefloorwetaccordingtotheman?16.M:Theinstructionsonthepackagesaythatyouneedtosomeassemblyyourself.I’vespentallafternoontryinginvaintoputthisbookcasetogether,W:Iknowwhatyoumean,lasttimeItriedtoassembleatoytrainformysonandIalmostgaveup.Q:Whatdoesthemanfinddifficult?17.M:I’mgettingworriedaboutJenny’sschoolwork.Allshetalksaboutthesedaysisvolleyballgamesandallshedoesispractice,trainingandthingslike118nthat.W:Hergradesonthecomingexamswillfallforsure.It’shightimewetalk(ed)somesensetoher.Q:Whatarethespeakersprobablygoingtodo?18.W:Doyouunderstandwhythelocalpeopleareopposedtothenewdamuptheriver?M:Theyareworriedaboutthepotentialdangerifthedamshouldbreak.Theriverisverywideabovetheproposedsite.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?ConversationOneW:Mr.White,whatchangeshaveyouseeninthechampagnemarketinthelasttentofifteenyears?M:Wellthebiggestchangehasbeenthedecreaseinsalessincethegreatboomyearsofthe1980swhenchampagneproductionandsalesreachedrecordlevels.W:Whichwasthebestyear?M:Welltherecordwasin1989when249millionbottlesofchampagnewassold.Thehighestproductionlevelwasreachedin1990withatotalof293millionbottles.Ofcoursesincethoseboomyearssaleshavefallen.W:Hasthemarketbeenbadlyhitbytherecession?M:Ohcertainly,theeconomicproblemsinchampagnes’exportmarketsthat’sEurope,theUnitedStates,Japan,andofcoursethedomesticmarketinFrance,theeconomicproblemshavecertainlybeenonereasonforthedecreaseinchampagnesales.W:Andtheotherreasons?M:Anotherimportantfactorhasbeenprice.Intheearly90s,champagnewasveryoverpriced,somanypeoplestopbuyingit.Insteadtheyboughtsparklingwinesfromothercountries,inparticularfromAustraliaandSpain.Andthentherewasanotherproblemforchampagneintheearly90s.W:Whatwasthat?M:Therewasalotofratherbadchampagneonthemarket.Thismeantthepopularityofgoodsparklingwinesincreasedevenmore.Peoplewassurprisedbytheirqualityandofcoursetheywerealotcheaperthanchampagne.W:Doyouthinkthechampagnemarketwillrecoverinthefuture?M:Oh,I’msureitwill.Whentheeconomicsituationimproves,Ibelievethemarketwillrecover.Questions19-21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Question19:Whatdoesthemansayaboutchampagnein1980s?Question20:Whydidsparklingwinesbecomemorepopularthanchampagneintheearly90s?Question21:Whatdoesthemanthinkofthechampagnemarketinthefuture?ConversationTwoW:Right,well,inthestudiothismorning,forourinterviewspotisPeterWilson.PeterworksforGreenPeace.So,Peter,welcome.M:Thanksalot.It’sgoodtobehere.W:Great!Now,Peter,perhapsyoucantellussomethingaboutGreenPeaceandyourjobthere.M:Sure.Well,I’llstartbytellingyouroughlywhatGreenPeaceisallabout.IactuallyworkinLondonfortheGreenPeaceorganization.We’vebeengoingforafewdecadesandwe’reanon-violent,non-politicalorganization.We’reinvolvedinanti-nuclearactivity,conservationandprotectionofanimalsandprotectionandsupportofoureco-system.I’mtheactionorganizerandarrangeanyprotests.W:Great!Aprettyimportantrole,Peter.Whatsortofprotestwouldyouorganize?M:Well,recentlywe’vebeeninvolvedinanti-nuclearcampaigns.I,personallyarrangedforthedemonstrationagainstradioactivewastedumpingintheAtlanticOcean.We’vegotafewsmallGreenPeaceboatsthatweharassthedumpingshipwith.W:Hey?Holdon,Peter.Ithoughtyousaidyourorganizationwasnon-violent.Whatdoyoumeanby“harass”?M:Well,wecircleroundandroundtheshipsandgetinthewaywhentheytrytodumpthedrumsofnuclearwasteinthesea.Wetalktothemenandtrytochange,youknow,yellatthemtostop.Wegenerallymakeourselvesasmuchofanuisancepossible.M:Well,peoplemaythinkdifferentlyofyourmethodsbutthere’snodoubtyou’redoingagreatjob.Keepitupandgoodluck.Andthanksfortalkingwithus.118nW:Thanksforhavingme.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationsyouhavejustheard.22.Whatistheman’schiefresponsibilityintheGreenPeaceorganization?23.WhathasGreenPeacebeeninvolvedinrecently?24.HowdoesGreenPeacetrytostoppeoplefromdumpingnuclearwaste?25.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardstheGreenPeace’scampaigns?SectionB:PassageOneTofindoutwhattheweatherisgoingtobe,mostpeoplegostraighttotheradio,television,ornewspapertogetanexpertweatherforecast.Butifyouknowwhattolookfor,youcanuseyourownsensestomakeweatherpredictions.Therearemanysignsthatcanhelpyou.Forexample,infairweathertheairpressureisgenerallyhigh,theairisstillandoftenfullofdust,andfarawayobjectsmaylookvague.Butwhenthestormisbrewing,thepressuredrops,andyouareoftenabletoseethingsmoreclearly.Sailorstooknoteofthislongago,andcameupwiththesaying,“Thefartherthesight,thenearertherain.”Yoursenseofsmellcanalsohelpyoudetecttheweatherchanges.Justbeforeitrains,odorsbecomestronger,thisisbecauseodorsarerepressedinafairhighpressurecenter.Whenabadweatherlowmovesin,airpressurelessensandodorsarereleased.Youcanalsohearanapproachingstorm.Soundsbounceoffheavystormcloudsandreturntoearthwithincreasedforce.Anoldsayingdescribesitthisway,“Soundstravelingfarandwideastormydaywillbetied”.Anddon’tlaughatyourgrandmotherifshesaysshecanfeelastormcoming.Itiscommonlyknownthatmanypeoplefeelpainsintheirbonesorjointswhilethehumidityrises,thepressuredrops,andbadweatherisontheway.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyou’veheard.26:Whydoesthespeakersaywecanseefarawayobjectsmoreclearlyasastormisapproaching?27:Whatdoesthespeakerwanttoshowbyquotingacoupleofoldsayings?28:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?PassageTwoManydaysseemtobringnumeroustasksandresponsibilities,allofwhichapparentlymustbetackledrightaway.Youspendadayputtingoutfires,butbytheendoftheday,youhaven’taccomplishedanyofthereallyimportantthingsyousetouttodo.Indesperation,youdrafta“to-do”list.Butmostdays,youcanmakelittleprogresswithit.Whenyoulookatthelisteachmorning,abigfatcloudofdoomisrightatthetop—thosedifficult,complex,importanttasksthataresocrucialtogetdoneandsoeasytoavoid.Plentyofuscreatea“to-do”listtoaddressfeelingsofbeingoverwhelmed,butwerarelyusethesetoolstotheirbesteffect.Theywindupbeingguilt-provokingremindersofthefactthatweareover-committed,andlosingcontrolofourpriorities.AccordingtoTimothyPikle,professorofapsychologyatCarltonUniversityinOttawa.Peopleoftendrawupa“to-do”listandthenthat’sit.Thelistitselfbecomestheday’sachievement,allowingustofeelwe’vedonesomethingusefulwithouttakingonanyrealwork.Infact,drawingupthelistbecomesawayofavoidingtheworkitself.“Toooften,thelistisseenastheaccomplishmentfortheday,reducingtheimmediateguiltofnotworkingonthetasksathandbyinvestingenergyinthelist,”saysPikle,“whenalistisusedlikethis,it’ssimplyanotherwayinwhichwelietoourselves.”Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyou’veheard.29.Whatistheproblemthattroublesmanypeoplenowadaysaccordingtothespeaker?30.Accordingtothespeaker,whatdomanypeopledotocopewiththeirdailytasks?31.AccordingtopsychologistTimothyPiklewhatdopeoplefindbytheendoftheday?PassageThreeInmanystressfulsituationsthebody’sresponsescanimproveourperformance.Webecomemoreenergetic,morealert,betterabletotakeeffectiveaction.Butwhenstressisencounteredcontinually,thebody’sreactionsaremorelikelytobeharmfulthanhelpfultous.Thecontinualspeedingupofbodilyreactionsandtheproductionofstress-relatedhormonesseemtomakepeoplemoresusceptibletoheartdisease.Andstressreactionscanreducethedisease-fightingeffectivenessofbody’simmunesystem,therebyincreasingsusceptibilitytoillnesses,rangingfromcoldstocancer.Stressmayalsocontributetodiseaseinlessdirectwaysbyinfluencingmoodsandbehavior.People,understress,maybecomeanxiousordepressedandasaresultmayeattoomuchortoolittle,havesleepdifficulties,orfailtoexercise.Thesebehavioralchangesmayinturnbeharmfultotheirhealth.Inaddition,peoplearemorelikelytopayattentiontocertainbodilysensationssuchasachesandpainswhentheyareunderstressandtothinktheyaresick.Ifthepersonwerenotunderstress,thesamebodilysensationsmightnotbeperceivedassymptomsandthepersonmightcontinuetofeelwell.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatassumingtheroleofasickpersonisonewayinwhichcertainpeopletrytocopewithstress.Insteadofdealingwiththestressfulsituation118ndirectly,thesepeoplefallsick.Afterall,itisoftenmoreacceptableinoursocietytobesickandtoseekmedicalhelpthanitistoadmitthatonecannotcopewiththestressesoflife.Questions32to35arebasedontheconversationsyouhavejustheard.Question32:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeoplewhoencounterstressonceinawhile?Question33:Whatdoesspeakersayfrequentstressreactionsmayleadto?Question34:Whatarepeoplemorelikelytodowhentheyareunderstress?Question35:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?2009年6月英语六级参考答案（A卷）写作范文：AccordingtotheBible,itisthealmightyGodwhogavenamestoeverythinghecreated:"henamedthelight‘Day'andthedarkness‘Night'".Infact,anameisawordorphrasethatmanusestodenoteandidentifyaspecificperson,placeorthing.Thereisnoinexorablecorrelationbetweenthesignand"thesignified".Forthisreason,someclaimthatnamesarenotsovitalastheyaresupposedtobe.However,Iamfullyconvincedthattheyareofgreatimportance.Takethenameofapersonasanexample.Itisknowntoallthataperson'snameisdividedintotwoparts:givennameandsurname.Thegivennameisthenameourparentsassignus.Weourselvesmightchangeitlaterinourlife.Usually,whenanameisgiven,itcontainsalotofinformation.Say,"li"inthenameofsomeChinesefemalesshowsthatwewishthemto"beautiful"while"wei"inthenamesofsomemalesrevealsthatweexpectthemtobe"great"intheirfuturelife.Astothesurnameorfamilyname,itisevenmoreimportant,soimportantthatsomepeoplemaysacrificetheirlifeforit.Originally,manhadnosuchaname.Buteversinceacertainnamewasgiven,eachmemberofthefamilycarriesitwhereverhegoes.Ratherthanmerelyasign,itistherootfromwhichwecantracebacktoourancestor,thetiethathelpsbindustoothermembersofthesameclan,thedignitymostpeoplehopetolivefor.Apartfromthenameofaperson,thatofaplaceorthingisalsosignificantinthatitembodieshistoryandculture.Allinall,thoughnamesareassignedartificially,manisnotfreewhengivingnames.ButGodis.快速阅读　　1.B　2.A3.D　4.A　5.B　6.C　7.D　8.unsafesituations9.Anxiety10.everymovement　　听力原文：短对话：　　11.W:IforgottotellyouthatFredcalledlastnighttoborrowyoursleepingbag.　　M:Oh,Isawhimatthegymthismorning,buthedidn’tsayanything.Sohemusthaveaskedsomebodyelse.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?　　12.W:ThesesummerdaysaregettingtobemorethanIcantake.Itwaseventoohottogotothepoolyesterday.　　M:Hanginthere.Accordingtotheweatherreportweshouldhavesomereliefbytheendoftheweek.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?　　13.W:Well,tonightwehaveProfessorBrowninourstudiototalkaboutthefamousoilpaintingofQueenVictoria.Goodevening,professor.　　M:Goodevening,madam,mypleasuretobeheretonight.　　Q:Whatisthewomandoing?　　14.M:Theplantsnexttothewindowalwayslookbrown.Youwouldn’tknowbylookingatthemthatIwaterthemeveryweek.　　W:Maybetheydon’tlikedirectsunlight.Ihadthesameproblemwithsomeofmyplants.Andalittleshadehelpsthemimmensely.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?15.M:I’mreallyexhausted,Mary.ButIdon’twanttomisstheHollywoodmoviethatcomesonat11.　　W:IfIwereyou,I’dskipit.Webothhavetogetupearlytomorrow.AndanywayI’veheardit’snotasexcitingasadvertised.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?　　16.M:Thosemodernsculpturesovertherearereallyweird.Don’tyouthinkso?　　W：Well,Icouldn’tstandthemeitheratfirst.ButnowI’vecometolikemodernart,particularlythosesculpturescarvedbyItalianartists.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?　　17.M:I’mreallygladourclubdecidedtoraisemoneyforthechildren’shospital.Andmostofthepeoplewephonedseemedhappytocontribute.　　W:Yeah!Iagree.Nowthatwe’vegonethroughallthenumbersonourlist,Iguesswecancallitaday.　　Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakers?　　18.M:HaveyouheardofProfessorSmith?I’mthinkingoftakinganadvancedengineeringcoursewithhim.Whatdoyouthink?　　W:Yeah!Youreallyshould.He’spublisheddozensofbookssofar,oncebeenrecommendedasatextbookforpostgraduates.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?118n长对话：　　Longconversationone　　W:You’retheeditorofPublicEye.Whatkindoftopicsdoesyourprogramcover?　　M:Well,thereareessentiallydomesticstories.Wedon’tcoverinternationalstories.Wedon’tcoverpartypoliticsoreconomics.WedoissuesofgeneralsocialconcerntoourBritishaudience.Theycanbeanythingfromthefutureofthehealthservicetothewaytheenvironmentisgoingdownhill.　　W:Howdoyouchoosethetopic?Doyouchooseonebecauseit’swhatthepublicwantstoknowaboutorbecauseit’swhatyoufeelthepublicoughttoknowabout?　　M:Ithinkit’samixtureofboth.Sometimesyouhaveastrongfeelingthatsomethingisimportantandyouwanttoseeitexaminedandyouwanttocontributetoapublicdebate.Sometimespeoplecometoyouwiththingstheyareworriedaboutandtheycanbequitesmallthings.Theycanbeastoryaboutcorruptioninlocalgovernment,somethingtheycannotquiteunderstand,whyitdoesn’tseemtobeworkingoutproperly,liketheyarenothavingtheirlittercollectedproperlyorthedustbinsemptied.　　W:Howdoyouknowthatyou’vegotareallysuccessfulprogram?Onethatisjustrightforthetime?　　M:Ithinkyougetasenseaboutitafterworkinginitinanumberofyears.Youknowwhichstoriesaregoingtogettheattention.Theyaregoingtobepublishedjustthepointwhenthepublicareconcernedaboutthat.　　Q19-21　　19.WhatkindoftopicsdoesPublicEyecover?　　20.HowdoesPublicEyechooseitstopics?　　21.Whatfactorplaysanimportantroleinrunningasuccessfulprogram?W:Hi,ProfessorSmith.Ihearyou’vewrittenabooktitledVisions.　　M:Yes.Itexplainshowsciencewillrevolutionizethe21stcentury.　　W:CouldIaskyousomequestionsconcerningthebook?　　M:Sure.　　W:Areyouoptimisticaboutthefuture?　　M:Generally,yeah.Ifwegobacktotheyearof1900,mostAmericansdidn’tlivebeyondtheageof50.Sincethen,we’vehadimprovementsinhealthcareandtechnology.Thereisnoreasonwhythesewon’tcontinuefarintothe21stcentury.　　W:Arewereadyforthechangesthatwillcome?　　M:Changesarealreadyhappening.Thefutureisherenow.WehaveDNA,microchips,theinternet.Somepeople’sreactionistosay,wearetooold;wedon’tunderstandnewtechnology.Myreactionistosay,wemusteducatepeopletousenewtechnologynow.　　W:Isworldpopulationgoingtobeabigproblem?　　M:Yes,andno.Ithinkthatworldpopulationwillstopincreasingasweallgetricher.Ifyouareapartofthemiddleclass,youdon’twantorneed12children.　　W:Willtherebeaworldgovernment?　　M:Veryprobably.Wewillhavetomanagetheworldanditsresourcesonagloballevelbecausecountriesalonearetoosmall.　　W:Willwehavecontrolofeverything?　　M:Ithinkwe’lllearntocontroltheweather,volcanoesandearthquakes.Illnesswon’texist.We’llgrownewlivers,kidneys,hearts,andlungslikesparepartsforacar.Peoplewilllivetoabout130or150.For2000years,wehavetriedtounderstandourenvironment.Nowwe’llbegintocontrolit.　　Q22-25arebasedontheconversationyoujustheard.　　22.WhatdoesProfessorSmithsayaboutmostAmericansaroundtheyearof1900?　　23.WhatdoesProfessorSmithadvicewedo?　　24.WhenwilltheworldpopulationstopgrowingaccordingtoProfessorSmith?　　25.WhatdoesProfessorSmiththinkhumanbeingswillbeabletodo?Passage1Gettingbehindthewheelofacarcanbeanexcitingnewstepinateen’slife.Butalongwiththatexcitementcomesanewresponsibility---understandingtheneedforcommonsenseandmaturitytoavoidaccidents.Inanefforttospreadawarenesstoteensacrossthenation,theAllstateFoundationsponsoredaKeep-The-DriveSummitatSunsetStationonJanuary23rd.StudentsfromKennedyandAlamoHeightsHighschoolsparticipatedinthesummitwhichwasheldhereforthefirsttime.Thegoaloftheyear-longeffortistoeducateteensontherulesofsafedrivingandthesevereconsequencesthatcanresultifthoserulesarenotfollowed,andthenhavethemcommunicatethatinformationtotheirpeers.Thestudentswatchedvideosthattoldthemaboutthenumbersofteenagedrivinginjuriesanddeaths.Theylistentothevideosasstudentsfromothercitiessharetheirstoriesofhowtheirrecklessdrivingaffectednotonlytheirlivesbutalsothoseoftheirpassengers.“Wearetryingtocreateawarenessinhighschoolsacrossthecountries,”saidWesterman,anAllstaterepresentative,“wefocusonchanginghowteensthinkbehindthewheel.”Accordingtothepresentation,moreteensdieinautomobilecrashesintheUnitedStateseachyearthanfromdrugs,violence,smokingandsuicide.Anaverageof16teensdieeverydayinmotorvehiclecrashesandnearlyfortypercentofthosearecausedbyspeeding.Texasisthestatewiththemostteendrivingdeathsaccordingtothepresentation.Studentsagreedthatthestatisticswereamazingandmadethemthinktwiceabouthowtheydrive.Questions26to28arebasedonthequestionyouhavejustheard.Q26.ForwhatpurposedidtheAllstateFoundationsponsortheKeep-The-DriveSummit?Q27.WhatcausesthegreatestnumberofdeathsamongAmericanteensaccordingtothepresentation?Q28.WhatcanweconcludeabouttheKeep-The-DriveSummit?Passage2Dr.AllenHershdesignssmellsforbusinesses.Hesaysthatitdoesn’ttakeawholelotofsmelltoaffectyou.Storeownerscanlureyoutothecandyaisle,evenifyoudon’trealizeyouraresmellingcandy.Thisideascaresalotofpeople.Groupsthatprotecttherightsofshoppersareupset.Theysaythestoresareusingakind118nofbrainwashingwhichtheycall“smell-washing”.“It’sprettydishonest,”saysMarkSilbergeld.Herunsanorganizationthatchecksoutproductsforconsumers.Thescientistshiredtodesignthescentsdisagree.“There’ssoftbackgroundmusic.There’sspeciallighting.There’reallsortsofbellsbeingused,”saysDr.Hersh,“whynotsmells?”“Onereasonwhynot,”saysSilbergeld,“isthatsomepeopleareallergictocertainscentspumpedintoproductsorstores.”Butthereisawholeothersidetothisdebate,“dothesmellsreallywork?”Sofar,thereislittleproofonewayortheother.ButDr.Hershhasrunsomeinterestingexperiments.InoneofHersh’sexperiments,31volunteerswereledintoashoestorethatsmellsslightlylikeflowers.Later,anothergroupshoppedinthesamestore,butwithnoflowerodor.Dr.Hershfoundthat84%oftheshoppersweremorelikelytobuytheshoesintheflower-scentedroom,butHershfoundoutsomethingevenstranger.“Whetherthevolunteersliketheflowerscentornotdidn’tmatter,”Hershsays,“Somereportedthattheyhatedthesmell,buttheystillweremorelikelytobuytheshoesinthescentedroom.”Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.Q29.Whyaresomepeopleagainsttheuseofsmellstoattractcustomers?Q30.WhatisDr.Hersh’sattitudetotheuseofsmellsforbusiness?Q31.WhatdidHersh’sexperimentshow?Passage3ThisisRayMcCarthywiththenews.ReportsarecominginofamajortraincrashinJapan.ApassengertraincarryinghundredsofworkershomefromthecenterofTokyoisreportedtohavehitanoncominggoodstrain.Bothweretravelingathighspeed.Figuresarenotyetavailablebutitisbelievedthatthedeathtollcouldbeashighas300,withhundredsmoreinjured.Emergencyandrescueservicesrushedtothescene.Butourreportersaysitwilltakedaystoclearthetrackandtoestablishthenumbersofthedeadandinjured.Therewasasimilaraccidentonthesamestretchoftrackfouryearsago.TherewasanotherbombscareinalargeLondonstorelastnightduringlatenightshopping.Followingatelephonecalltothepolicefromananonymouscaller,hundredsofshopperswereshepherdedoutofthestorewhileroadsintheareaweresealedoff.Policedogsspenthourssearchingthestoreforabagwhichthecallerclaimedcontained50poundsofexplosives.Nothingwasfoundandthestorewasgiventheall-clearbyopeningtimethismorning.Apolicespokesmansaidthatthiswasthethirdbombscarewithinaweekandthatweshouldallbeonourguard.Andfinally,themotoringorganizationshaveissuedawarningtodriversfollowingtherecentfallsofsnowinmanypartsofthecountry.Althoughthefallsmaybeslight,theysayextracareisneeded.Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Q32:WhataccidenthappenedrecentlyinJapan?Q33:WhatdothereportssayabouttherecentaccidentinJapan?Q34:WhydidpeoplehavetoleavetheLondonstorelastnight?Q35:Whatdidmotoringorganizationsadvisedriverstodo?11.D　12.B　13.C　14.D　15.C　16.B17.A　18.A　19.B　20.D　21.B　22.A　23.C　24.D　25.C　26.B　27.A　28.C　29.B　30.C　31.A　32.C　33.D　34.A　　35.D　36.Tongue37.Official38.Administration39.Commerce40.Spread41.disadvantaged42.Competence43.investigate44.cometounderstandhowitisusedasasymbolofbothindividualidentityandsocialconnection45.infantsbornintoEnglish-speakingcommunitiesacquiretheirlanguagebeforetheylearntouseforksandknives46.Youareencouragedtodevelopyourownindividualresponsestovariouspracticalandtheoreticalissues阅读理解　　47.TVandfashionmagazines.48.developingeatingdisorders49.impossiblyproportioned　　50.threeyears51.makemoney　　52.B　53.D　54.B　55.A　56.C　57.C　58.D　59.A　60.D　61.B　　完形填空62.C　63.B　64.D　65.A　66.D　67.B　68.C　69.A　70.C　71.B　72.A　73.D　　74.C　75.B　76.A　77.D　78.D79.C　80.B　81.A　　汉译英　　82.himoutofbuyinganautomobile　　83.Keepingasenseofhumorhelps　　84.hehadnochoicebuttoadmithiscrimes　　85.theremustbesomeonespeakingillofthem　　86.itdifficulttoresistthetemptationoftheice-cream2009年12月英语六级参考答案（A卷）1－5：DCDAB6－7：BC8.homelife9.productive10.increaseherproductivity听力：11-15:BCDDC 16-20:CABCA 21-25:DdABA 26-30:DAADC 31-35:ABBCB36.derived37.Immense38.Convenient39.Accuracy40.largely41.instant42.Recalls43.texture44.Thismeansthatanythoughtaboutacertainsubjectwilloftenbringupmorememoriesthatarerelatedtoit.45.Associationsdonothavetobelogical.Theyjusthavetomakeagoodlink.46.IfyouremembertheshapeofItaly,itisbecauseyouhavebeentoldatsometimethatItalyisshapedlikeaboot.47.adriver'sattention48.equivalentindifficultyto118ndriving49.moretime50.themorecomplicatedtask51.punishment阅读：52-56：CCDDA       57-61：CDDBA完形：62-66：CBACA   67-71：CBDAA 72-76：DBDAC   77-81：BDACB翻译：82.Itdependsonhowoftenyouwearit.83.achallengetomanytraditionalconcepts84.Shouldhavebeenabletoattendthemeetinginperson85.Balanceddietisessentialtohealth86.tomyregret.听力原文：SectionA11.W:DidyouusecreditcardsonyourvacationlastmonthinEurope?M:SureIdid.Theycertainlybeatgoingaroundwithawalletfullofbigbills.Butcarryinglotsofcashisstillverycommonamongsomeolderpeopletravelingabroad.Q:Whatdoesthemansayaboutsomeelderlypeople?12.W:Rodmustbeinabadmoodtoday.What’swrongwithhim?M:Hewaspassedoverintheselectionprocessforthedeanoftheadmissionsoffice.He’dbeenhopingforthepositionforalongtime.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?13.M:WhatagreatsingerJustinis!Hisconcertisjustawesome.Andyou’llneverregretthemoneyyoupaidfortheticket.W:Yeah.Judgingbytheamountoftheapplause,everyonewasenjoyingit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?14.W:IreceivedanemailyesterdayfromHenry.Doyouremember?Hewasoneofthechairpersonsofourstudentsunion.M:Yes,butIhaven’theardfromhimforages.ActuallyI’vebeenoutoftouchwithhimsinceourfirstreunionaftergraduation.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakers?15.M:Drivingatnightalwaysmakesmetired.Let’sstopfordinner.W:Fine.Andlet’sfindamotel,sothatwecangetanearlystarttomorrow.Q:Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?16.W:Let’slookatthesurveyonconsumerconfidenceweconductedlastweek.Howreliablearethesefigures?M:Theyhavea5%marginoferrorQ:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?17.W:Lookatthiscatalogue,John.IthinkIwanttogetthisredblouse.M:Err,Ithinkyou’vealreadyonelikethisinblue.Doyouneedeverycolorintherainbow?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?18.W:Thisnoticesaysthatalltheintroductorymarketingclassesareclosed.M:Thatcan’tbetrue.There’ssupposedtobe13ofthemthissemester.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?ConversationOneM:Iseeonyourresumethatyouworkedasamanagerofastorecalled“ComputerCountry”.Couldyoutellmealittlemoreaboutyourresponsibilitiesthere?W:Sure.Iwasresponsibleforoverseeingabout30employees.Ididalloftheorderingforthestore,andIkepttrackoftheinventory.M:Whatwasthemostdifficultpartofyourjob?W:Probablyhandlingangrycustomers.Wedidn’thavethemveryoften,butwhenwedid,Ineededtomakesuretheywerewelltakencareof.Afterall,thecustomerisalwaysright.M:That’showwefeelheretoo.Howlongdidyouworkthere?W:Iwasthereforthreeandahalfyears.Ileftthecompanylastmonth.M:Andwhydidyouleave?W:MyhusbandhasbeentransferredtoBoston.AndIunderstandyourcompanyhasanopeningtheretoo.M:Yes,that’sright.Wedo.Butthepositionwon’tstartuntilearlynextmonth.Wouldthatbeaproblemforyou?W:No,notatall.Myhusband’snewjobdoesn’tbeginforafewweeks.SowethoughtwewouldspendsometimedrivingtoBostonandstoptoseemyparents.M:Thatsoundsnice.Sotellme,whyareyouinterestedinthisparticularposition?W:Iknowthatyourcompanyhasagreatreputation,andawonderfulproduct.I’vethoughtmanytimesthatIwouldliketobeapartofit.WhenIheardabouttheopeninginBoston,Ijumpedtotheopportunity.M:WellI’mgladyoudid.19.Whatwasthewoman’spreviousjob?20.Whatdoesthewomansaywasthemostdifficultpartofherjob?21.WhyisthewomanlookingforajobinBoston?22.Whencanthewomanstarttoworkifshegetsthejob?Conversation118nTwoW:TodayinthestudiowehaveAlbertoCortez,thewell-knownBrazilianadvocateoftheanti-globalmovement.He’sheretotalkabouttherecentreport,statingthatby2050Brazilwillbetheoneottheword’swealthiestandmostsuccessfulcountries.Alberto,whatdoyousaytothereport?M:Youknowthisisn’tthefirsttimethatpeoplearesayingBrazilwillbeagreateconomicpower.Thesamethingwassaidoverahundredyearago.Butitdidn’thappen.W:Yes,butyoumustadmittheworld’saverydifferentplacenow.M:Ofcourse.InfactIbelievethere’smaybesometruthinthepredictionthistimearound.Firstofall,though,wemustremembertheproblemsfacingBrazilatthemoment.W:Suchas…?M:There’sanenormousgapbetweentherichandthepoorinthiscountry.InSalPaulo,youcanseeshoppingmallsfullofdesignergoodsrightnextdoortotheslamareaswithoutproper waterandelectricitysupplies.Alotofworkneedstobedonetohelppeopleinthoseareasimprovetheirlives.W:Whatneedstobedone?M:Education,forexample.ForBraziltobesuccessful,weneedtooffereducationtoallBrazilians.SuccessfulcountrieslikeSouthKoreaandSingaporehaveexcellenteducationsystems.Brazilneedstolearnfromthesecountries.W:Soyouarehopefulforthefuture.M:AsIsaidearlier,I’mhopeful.Thisisn’taneasyjob.WeneedtomakesurethattheseimportantopportunitiesforBrazilaren’twasted,astheywereinthepast.23.WhatdoestherecentreportsayaboutBrazil?24.WhatproblemdoesAlbertosayBrazilfacesnow?25.WhatdoesAlbertosayabouteconomicallysuccessfulcountries?SectionBPassageOneWilmaSubrahadnointentionofbecomingapublicspeaker.Aftergraduatingfromcollegewithdegreesinchemistryandmicrobiology,shewenttoworkatGulfSouthResearchInstituteinLouisiana.Aspartofherjob,sheconductedfieldresearchontoxicsubstancesintheenvironment,ofteninminoritycommunitieslocatednearlargeindustrialpolluters.Shefoundmanyfamilieswerebeingexposedhigh,sometimesdeadly,levelsofchemicalsandothertoxicsubstances,butshewasnotallowedtomakeherinformationpublic.Frustratedbytheserestrictions,Subraleftherjobin1981,createdherowncompany,andhasdevotedthepasttwodecadestohelpingpeoplefightbackagainstgiantindustrialpolluters.Sheworkswithfamiliesandcommunitygroupstoconductenvironmentaltests,interprettestresults,andorganizeforchange.Becauseofherefforts,dozensoftoxicsitesacrossthecountryhavebeencleanedup,andonechemicalindustryspokespersoncallsher“atopgunfortheenvironmentalmovement.”HowhasWilmaSubraachievedallthis?Partlythroughherscientifictraining,partlythroughhercommitmenttoenvironmentaljustice.Butjustasimportantisherabilitytocommunicatewithpeoplethroughpublicspeaking.“Publicspeaking,”shesays,“istheprimaryvehicleIuseforreachingpeople.”IfyouhadaskedSubrabefore1981,“Doyouseeyourselfasamajorpublicspeaker?”Shewouldhavelaughedattheidea.Yettodayshegivesmorethan100presentationsayear.AlongthewayshehaslecturedatHarvard,testifiedbeforeCongress,andaddressedaudiencesin40states,aswellasinMexico,Canada,andJapan.26.WhatdidWilmaSubradoaspartofherjobwhileworkingatGulfSouthResearchInstitute?27.WhatdidWilmaSubraleaveherjobin1981?28.WhatresultshaveWilmaSubra’seffortshadintheparttwodecades?29.WhatdoesthespeakersayhascontributedtoWilmaSubra’ssuccess?Passage2Oneofthebiggestchallengesfacingemployersandeducatorstodayistherapidadvanceofglobalization.Themarketplaceisnolongernationalorregional,butextendstoallcornersoftheworld.Andthisrequiresaglobalreadyworkforce.Universitieshavealargeparttoplayinpreparingstudentsforthe21stcenturylabormarketbypromotinginternationaleducationalexperiences.Themostobviouswayuniversitiescanhelpdevelopglobalworkforceisbyencouragingstudentstostudyabroadaspartoftheircourse.Studentswhohaveexperiencedanotherculturefirsthandaremorelikelytobeglobalreadywhentheygraduate.Globalworkforcedevelopmentdoesn’talwayshavetoinvolvetravelabroadhowever.Ifstudentslearnanotherlanguageandstudyothercultures,theywillbemoreglobalreadywhentheygraduate.Itisimportanttopointoutthatstudentsalsoneedtohaveadeepunderstandingoftheirownculturebeforetheycanbegintoobserve,analyzeandevaluateothercultures.Inmulti-culturalsocieties,peoplecanstudyeachother’scultures,todevelopinterculturalcompetencies,suchascriticalandreflectivethinking,andintellectualflexibility.Thiscanbedoneboththroughthecurriculumandthroughactivitiesoncampus,outsideoftheclassroom,suchasartexhibitions,andlecturesfrominternationalexperts.Manyuniversitiesarealreadyembracingthischallenge,andprovidingopportunitiesforstudentstobecomeglobalcitizens.Studentsthemselves,however,maynotrealizethatwhentheygraduate,theywillbecompetinginagloballabormarket,anduniversitiesneedtoraiseawarenessoftheseissuesamongstundergraduates.Questions30-32Q30:Whatisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingemployersandeducatorstoday?Q31:Whatshouldstudentsdofirstbeforetheycanreallyunderstandothercultures?Q32:Whatshouldcollegestudentsrealizeaccordingtothespeaker?Passage3118nToseeifhaircoloraffectsaperson’schancesofgettingajob,researchersatCaliforniaStateUniversityasked136collegestudentstoreviewtheresumeandphotographofafemaleapplicantforajobasanaccountant.Eachstudentwasgiventhesameresume.Buttheapplicant’spicturewasaltered,sothatinsomephotosherhairwasgolden,insomeredandinsomebrown.Theresult?Withbrownhair,thewomanwasratedmorecapable,andshewasofferedahighersalarythanwhenshehadgoldenorredhair.Otherstudieshavefoundsimilarresults.Manyrespondentsratewomenwithgoldenhairwithlessintelligentthanotherpeople,andredheadsasmoretemperamental.Womenwithredorgoldenhairarevictimsofthecommonpracticeofstereotyping. Astereotypeisasimplisticorexaggeratedimagethathumanscarryingintheirmindsaboutgroupsofpeople.Forexample,lawyersareshrewdanddishonestisapopularstereotype.Stereotypingcanoccurinpublicspeakingclasses.Whentryingtochooseaspeechtopic,somemalesthinkthatwomenareuninterestedinhowtorepaircars,whilesomefemalesthinkthatmenareuninterestedincreativehobbies,suchasknittingandneedlepoint.Weshouldrejectstereotypes,becausetheyforceallpeopleinagroupintothesamesimplepattern.Theyfailtoaccountforindividualdifferences,andthewiderangeofcharacteristicsamongmembersofanygroup.Somelawyersaredishonest,yes!Butmanyarenot.Somewomenareuninterestedinrepairingcars,yes!Butsomeareenthusiasticmechanics.  Questions33-35Q33:WhatdidresearchersatCaliforniaStateUniversityfind?Q34:Whatisthepopularstereotypeoflawyers?Q35:Whydoesthespeakersayweshouldrejectstereotypes?2010年6月英语六级真题答案（B卷）快速阅读　　1.DRelieved　　2.Bshecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife　　3.BThepowerofrolemodels　　4.DObama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests　　5.AThechangeinbiasagainstblackisslowincoming　　6.Cpeoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality　　7.CracialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety　　8.ourviewsofwomen　　9.politicalsentiment　　10.stereotypes　　听力　　SectionA　　11.A)Themanfailedtokeephispromise。　　12.C)Thewomanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors。　　13.D)ItisnotagoodideatobuytheT-shirt。　　14.B)Mostreadersdonotsharehisviewpoints。　　15.A)LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing。　　16.A)Batteries。　　17.D)Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice。　　18.A)Thespeakerswilldressformallyfortheconcert。　　19.D)Heisundecidedastowhichjobtogofor。　　20.C)Theyarealladults。　　21.B)Variedandinteresting。　　22.C)Hostingatelevisionshow。　　23.A)Helosthismother。　　24.B)Hegotseriouslyintoacting。　　25.B)Hehaslongbeenalegendaryfigure。　　SectionB　　26C)Itcrashedwhenitwascirclingtoland。　　27A)Hewaskidnappedeightmonthsago。　　28A)Themanagementandunionrepresentativesreachedanagreement。　　29B)rainy　　30C)Veryfewofthemknewmuchaboutgeology。　　31B)BynotingwherethemostsevereearthquakeinU.S.historyoccurred。　　32C)Stophimwhenhehaddifficultyunderstanding。　　33D)Itisatoolofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages。　　34D)Ithassupportersfrommanycountriesintheworld。　　35D)Ithashadgreaterimpactthaninanyothercountry。　　SectionC　　36.intelligent　　37.foundations118n　　38.romantic　　39.reflects　　40.profound　　41.dramatically　　42.deprived　　43.hindered　　44.researchshowsthatcommunicatingwithotherspromoteshealth,whereassocialisolationislinkedtostress,disease,andearlydeath。　　45.Agroupofresearchersrevealscoresofstudiesthattracetherelationshipbetweenhealthandinteractionwithothers。　　46.lonelinessharmstheimmunesystem,makingusmorevulnerabletoarangeofminerandmajorillnesses。　　仔细阅读　　SectionA　　47agradeabove94/ahighergrade　　48selectthemethodofgrading　　49improving　　50effortandaccomplishment　　51discusshisconcern　　SectionB　　Passage1　　52A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy。　　53D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles。　　54B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety。　　55B)Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents。　　56D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking。　　Passage2　　57A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore。　　58C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama’spolicy。　　59D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama’spresidency。　　60C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet。　　61D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics。　　完形填空　　62.Afindings　　63.Battribute　　64.Dwith　　65.Brelated　　66.Dshrinking　　67.Apublished　　68.Bto　　69.Bsimply　　70.Avital　　71.Ctoo　　72.Abenefits　　73.Doutside　　74.CExposure　　75.Bless　　76.Canalysis　　77.Cnecessarily　　78.Capproved　　79.Balways　　80.Aadvantage　　81.Dgrateful　　翻译　　82.Theironlysonhasneverthought　　83.weighyourdecisionagainstitspossibleconsequences　　84.wouldhebreak/breachhispromise/commitmenttopaybackthemoney　　85.shouldnotbeaddictedtocomputergames./shouldnotindulgethemselvesincomputergames/shouldnotabandonthemselvestocomputergames86.neverconsideredworkingasasalesman听力原文：听力短对话原文11.M:Oh,I’msosorryIforgottobringalongthebookyouborrowedfromthelibrary.W:Whataterriblememoryyouhave!Anyway,Iwon’tneedituntilFridaynight.AslongasIcangetitbythen,OK?Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?12.W:Doctor,Ihaven’tbeenabletogetenoughsleeplately,andI’mtootiredtoconcentrateinclass.M:Well,youknow,spendingtoomuchtimeindoorswithallthatartificiallightingcandothattoyou.Yourbodylosesitstrackofwhetheritisdayornight.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?118n13.M:IthinkI’llgetoneofthosenewT-shirts,youknow,withtheschool’slogoonboththefrontandback.W:You’llregretit.TheyareexpensiveandI’veheardtheprintingfadeseasilywhenyouwashthem.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?14.W:Ithinkyourarticleintheschoolnewspaperisrightontarget,andyourviewpointshavecertainlyconvincedme.M:Thanks,butinviewofthegeneralresponses,youandIaredefinitelyintheminority.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?15.M:DaisywasfuriousyesterdaybecauseIlosthernotebook.ShouldIgoseeherandapologizetoheragain?W:Well,ifIwereyou,I’dlethercooloffafewdaysbeforeIapproachher.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?16.M:WouldyoupleasetellmewhereIcangetbatteriesforthisbrandofcamera?W:Letmehavealook.Oh,yes,godownthisaisle,passthegardentools,you’llfindthemontheshelfnexttothelightbulbs.Q:Whatisthemanlookingfor?17.M:OurbasketballteamisplayinginthefinalsbutIdon’thaveaticket.IguessI’lljustwatchitonTV.Doyouwanttocomeover?W:ActuallyIhaveaticket,butI’mnotfeelingwell.Youcanhaveitforwhatitcostme.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?18.M:Honey,I’llbegoingstraighttothetheatrefromworkthisevening.Couldyoubringmysuitandtiealong?W:Sure,it’sthefirstperformanceoftheStatesInfiniteOrchestrainourcity,sosuitandtieisamust.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?长对话原文：M:IgottwolettersthismorningwithJobOffice,onefromthePolytechnic,andtheotherfromtheLanguageSchoolinPistoia,Italy.W:Soyou’renotsurewhichtogofor?M:That’sit.Ofcourse,theconditionsofworkareverydifferent:thePolytechnicisofferingatwoyearcontractwhichcouldberenewed,buttheLanguageSchoolisonlyofferingayear’scontractandthat’sadifferentminus.Itcouldberenewed,butyou’llneverknow.W:Isee.Soit’smuchlesssecure.Butyoudon’tneedtothinktoomuchaboutsteadyjobswhenyou’reonly23.M:That’strue.W:Whataboutthesalaries?M:Well,thePistoiajobpaysmuchbetterintheshort-term.I’llbegettingequivalentabout22,000poundsayearthere,butonly20,000poundsatthePolytechnic.Butonlyhoursaredifferent.AtthePolytechnic,I’dhavetodo35hoursaweek,20teachingand15administrationwhereasthePistoiaSchoolisonlyaskingfor13hours’teaching.W:Um.M:Thenthetypeofteachingissodifferent.W:ThePolytechnic’sarealladultsandmostlypreparationforexams,liketheCambridgecertificates.TheLanguageSchoolwantsmetodoabitexampreparation,butalsoquitealotofworkincompaniesandfactoriesandacoupleofchildren’sclasses.Oh,andabitofliteratureteaching.W:Well,thatsoundsverymuchmorevariedinteresting.AndI’dimagineyou’dbedoingquitealotofteachingoutsidetheschoolandmovingaroundquiteabit.M:Yes,whereasatthePolytechnic’sposition,I’dbeenstuckintheschoolallday.Q19:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?Q20:WhatdowelearnaboutthestudentsatthePolytechnic?Q21:WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthejobattheLanguageSchool?长对话2原文：W:Goodevening,andwelcometothetonight’seditionofLegendaryLives.OursubjectthiseveningisJamesDean--actorandherofortheyoungpeopleofhistime.EdwardNervyistheauthorofanewbiographyofDean.Goodevening,Edward!M:Hello,Tina!W:Edward,telluswhatyouknowaboutDean’searlylife.M:HewasborninIndianain1931,buthisparentsmovedtoCaliforniawhenhewasfive.Hewasn’ttherelong,though,becausehismotherpassedawayjustfouryearslater.James’fathersenthimbacktoIndianaafterthattolivewithhisaunt.W:Sohowdidhegetintoacting?M:Well,firstheactedinplaysofhighschool,thenhewenttocollegeinCaliforniawherehegotseriouslyintoacting.In1951,hemovedtoNewYorktomorestageacting.W:Thenwhendidhismoviecareerreallystart?M:1955.HisfirststarringrolewasinEastofEden.Itwasfabulous.Deanbecameahugesuccess.Butthemoviethatreallymadehimfamouswashissecondone--RebelwithoutCause.Thatwasaboutteenagerswhofeltliketheydidn’tfitintothesociety.W:Sohowmanymoremoviesdidhemake?M:Justonemore.ThenhediedinacarcrashinCaliforniain1955.W:Whatatragedy!Heonlymadethreemovies.Sowhatmadehimthelegendhestillistoday?M:Well,Iguessishislooks,hisactingability,hisshortlifeandmaybethetypeofcharacterheplayedinhismovies.ManyyoungpeoplethoughthimasasymbolofAmericanyouth.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard:Question22:Whatisthewomandoing?118nQuestion23:WhydidJamesDeanmovebacktoIndianawhenhewasyoung?Question24:WhatdoesthemansayJamesDeandidatcollegeinCalifornia?Passage1　　Thetimeis9o’clock,andthisisMarineSnowwiththenews。　　TheGermanauthoritiesaresendinginvestigatorstodiscoverthecauseoftheplanecrashlateyesterdayontheislandofTienaReef.Theplane,aBowing737,takingGermanholidaymakerstotheisland,crashedintoahillsideasitcircledwhilepreparingtoland.Theplanewascarrying180passengers.It’sthoughtthere’renosurvivals.Rescueworkerswereatthescene。　　TheBritishindustrialistJamesLouisheldbykidnappersinCentralAfricaforthepast8monthswasreleasedunharmedyesterday.Thekidnappershadbeendemanding1millionpoundsforthereleaseofMr.Louis.TheLondonBankandtheiragentswhohadbeennegotiatingwiththekidnappershavenotsaidwhetheranyamountofmoneyhasbeenpaid。　　The500UK　　Motor’sworkerswhohavebeenonstrikeinHightownforthepast3weekswentbacktoworkthismorning.Thesefollowsuccessfultalksbetweenmanagementandunionrepresentativeswhichresultedinanewagreementonworkinghoursandconditions.Aspokesmanforthemanagementsaidtheyhadhopednowtheycouldnowgivebacktoproducingcars.Andtheylostalotofmoneyandordersoverthisdispute。　　Andfinallytheweather.Afteracoldstart,mostofthecountryshouldbewarmandsunny.Buttowardslateafternoon,rainwouldspreadfromScotlandtocovermostpartsbymidnight。　　Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard　　26.WhatdoesthenewssayabouttheBowing737plane?　　27.WhathappenedtoBritishindustrialistJamesLouis?　　28.Howdidthethree-weekstrikeinHightownend?　　29.Whatkindofweatherwouldbeexpectedbymidnightinmostpartsofthecountry?Passage2　　HuangLouise,ajuniorgeologymajor,decidedtogiveaninformativespeechabouthowearthquakesoccur.Fromhisaudienceanalysis,helearntthatonlytwoorthreeofhisclassmatesknewmuchofanythingaboutgeology.Huangrealizedthenthathemustpresenthisspeechatanelementarylevelandwithaminimumofscientificlanguage.Ashepreparedthespeech,Huangkeptaskinghimself:“howcanImakethisclearandmeaningfultosomeonewhoknowsnothingaboutearthquakesorgeologicalprinciples？”SincehewasspeakingintheMidwest,hedecidedtobeginbynotingthatthemostsevereearthquakeinAmericanhistorytookplacenotinCaliforniaorAlaska,butatNewMadrid,Missouriin1811.Ifsuchanearthquakehappenedtoday,itwouldbefeltfromtheRockyMountainstotheAtlanticOceanandwouldflattenmostofthecitiesintheMississippiValley.That,hefigured,shouldgethisclassmates’attention.Throughoutthebodyofthespeech,Huangdoubtonlywiththebasicmechanicsofearthquakesandcarefullyavoidedtechnicalterms.Healsopreparedvisualaidsdiagrammingphotolinessohisclassmateswouldn’tgetconfused.Tobeabsolutelysafe,Huangaskedhisroommatewhowasnotageologymajortolistentothespeech.“Stopme”，hesaid,“AnytimeIsaysomethingyoudon’tunderstand”.Huang’sroommatestoppedhimfourtimes.Andateachspot,Huangworkedoutawaytomakehispointmoreclearly.Finally,hehadaspeechthatwasinterestingandperfectlyunderstandabletohisaudience。　　Question30:WhatdidHuangLouiselearnfromtheanalysisofhisaudience?　　Question31:HowdidHuangLouisestarthisspeech?　　Question32:WhatdidHuangaskhisroommatetodowhenhewasmakingistrialspeech?Passage3　　Esperantoisanartificiallanguagedesignedtoserveinternationallyasanauxiliarymeansofcommunicationamongspeakersofdifferentlanguages.ItiscreatedbyLudwigLejzerZamenhof,aPolish-Jewishdoctorspecializedineyediseases.Esperantowasfirstpresentedin1887.Aninternationalmovementwaslaunchedtopromoteitsuse.Despiteargumentsanddisagreements,themovementhascontinuedtoflourishandhasmembersinmorethan80countries.Esperantoisusedinternationallyacrosslanguageboundariesbyatleast1millionpeople,particularlyinspecializedfields.Itisusedinpersonalcontacts,onradiobroadcasts,andinanumberofpublicationsaswellasintranslationsofbothmodernworksandclassics.ItspopularityhasspreadfromEurope,botheastandwest,tosuchcountriesasBrazilandJapan.Itis,however,inChinathatEsperantohashaditsgreatestimpact.Itistaughtinuniversitiesandusedinmanytranslations,ofteninscientificortechnologicalworks.ElPopolaCinio,whichmeansFromPeople’sChina,isamonthlymagazineinEsperanto,andisreadworldwide.RadioBeijing’sEsperantoprogramisthemostpopularprograminEsperantointheworld。　　Esperanto’svocabularyisdrawnprimarilyfromLatin,theRomancelanguages,English,andGerman.Spellingiscompletelyregular.Asimpleandconsistentsetofendingsindicatesgrammaticalfunctionsofwords.Thus,forexample,everynounendsino,everyadjectiveina,andthebasicformofeveryverbini.Esperantoalsohasahighlyproductivesystemofconstructingnewwordsfromoldones。　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。　　33.WhatdoesthespeakertellusabouttheEsperanto?　　34.WhatissaidabouttheinternationalmovementtopromotetheuseofEsperanto?　　35.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutEsperantoinChina?2010年12月英语真题答案（A卷）PartⅠWritingMyViewonUniversityRankingInrecentyears,allkindsofUniversityRankingListscanbefoundonsomeeducationalwebsites,ornewspapers.Therankingstandardsalsovary.Theselistshavegreatinfluenceonstudents.Theyareevenbecomingtheonlyscaletoevaluatethecollegesanduniversities.118nPeopleholddifferentviewstowardthisphenomenon.Somebelievethattheselistshelpthestudentsalot,especiallyforthosewhowillchoosetheiruniversity.Whilesomeotherprotestvigorously.Intheirpoints,thelistisreallyridiculousandharmful.Inmyview,theuniversityrankingmayhaveitsownreferencevalues,butitsdisadvantagesoverweighitsvalues.Forthoseuniversity-students-to-be,theyaresupposedtochoosetheschoolaccordingtohisorherownsituation,butnottheso-calledRankingList.What’smore,howabouttheuniversitystudents?Howdotheyfeelaboutthemselveswhentheyseetheranking?Thelistmaybecomesomeintangibleshacklesforthemiftheirownschoolrankspoorly.Inanutshell,thereisnoeasymethodtoranktheseuniversities,buttheRanking,onlyhelpsstudentsignoretheessentials,namely,theirninety-ninepercentperspiration.此次六级作文的自由度很大，看似给出了提纲，实际上具体的观点全靠个人发挥。第一段需要点明大学排名这个现象，第二段需要铺陈不同人的观点，第三段要陈述自己的观点。大学排名这个题目，实际上涉及到了对了大学的理解，对于大学排名标准的理解，以及对于大学排名的目的的理解。而这件事更加离不开中国具体的国情，新中国50年代人至今受教育的情况，90后择校的情况，目前大学的情况，考生发挥的空间可以纵横数十年的教育史，并且可以深入探讨教育的本质。当然，对于大多数考生来说，凑满150个字万岁！那么，模板又可以派上用场了。参考思路：http://www.hjenglish.com/new/p123706/参考文本：http://www.hjenglish.com/new/p123811/模板一1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson——2.Somepeopleperfer,——3.Otherstendto,——4.Astome,Iagreewith/to——(1)开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。(2)表明一部分人的看法。(3)另一部分的看法。(4)作者的看法我们这里放出来的这篇文章，语言流畅，观点清晰，多处表述有闪光点。ReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）1．Anotbesustainedinthelongterm解析：关键字1994对应第一段第三行，题干中unsustainable即选项A中sustained的反义表达方式。选择A。2．BIntergenerationalconflictswillintensify.解析：从书名定位到原文第二段，headingfortherock,thecleaner,都暗示了两代人之间的问题，最后的warfare则一目了然地指出了该矛盾。3．Dpoliticiansareafraidoflosingvotesinthenextelection解析：首先需要理解题目意图，即为何养老机制改革迟迟不能进行，然后定位到文章第四段，其实只要从段落中politician这一关键字就能选定D选项。4．Aallowpeopletoworklonger解析：从题干中themosteffectivemethod找到第五段第三句原话，直接选择A选项。5．Dyoungerworkersarereadilyavailable解析：题目中employer为关键字，找到第六段，该段看似没有直接提到为什么雇主不愿意雇佣oldworkers，但从其不断分析新涌现出来的劳动力替代者，可以总结的出D选项，即年轻劳动力的供给已足以满足企业需求。6．Blargenumbersofimmigrantsfromoverseas解析：这道题间接考察了学生变换思维的能力，Japan在文中一时难以找到，但其所代表的发达国家群体developedcountries却出现在了第七段，而该段恰恰揭示了发达国家靠移民劳动力寻求养老机制危机一时的缓解的举措。7．BTheyfindithardtobalancecareerandfamily.解析：compromise关键字找到第九段，关键字出现的句子前一句就是B选项。8．beinnovativeandtakerisksthanyoungerones解析：题目中oldsocieties关键字对应到倒数第六段第三行，题目中的lessinclined正好与原文中的morestronglydisinclined形成对照，所以答案只需摘录之后的原文即可，即takerisksthanyoungerones.9．mostlyhavefamilies解析：题目中关键字intergenerationalwarfare对应到原文倒数第五段。第二句直接对第一句做出了解释，摘录即可。10．militaryservice解析：要理解题目中lesswillingto的含义，即不情愿，这样定位到倒数第三段第一句的reluctant，commitsth.tosth.，空格内需要填写名词，参照原文，即militaryservice.ListeningComprehensionSectionA11.Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?【答案】AThemanisthemanageroftheapartmentbuilding【解析】从对话中看出女士在找apartmentbuilding，不是男士。因此选A。12.Whatisthewomaneagertoknow?【答案】BHowthepictureswillturnout.【解析】女士想知道的是iftheshotsItookareasgoodasIthought.照片是不是和她想的异样好。这里shots指照片。turnout指照片拍出来的效果。因此选B。13.Whatdoesthemanmean?118n【答案】CThesuitcasecanbefixedintime.【解析】男士说到findahandle后面提到butthatshouldn’ttaketoolong说明不是没有handle可以匹配。因此排除A,B。14.Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?【答案】BHeneedsavehicletobeusedinharshweather.【解析】男士说到truck需要operateforlongperiodsoftimeinverycoldtemperatures，因此选择选项B。verycoldtemperatures对应harshweather.15.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?【答案】AShehasmadeuphermindtoresign.【解析】从文中女士强硬的口气Icouldnolongerlivewith…可以看出她下定决心。因此选择A。16.Whatdoesthewomenwanttodo？【答案】DReplacetheshirtwithoneofsomeothermaterial.【解析】女士首先提到exchangetheshirt，后面又解释了原因allergictowool，从男士的回答也可以看出换成别的材质。因此选择D。17.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?【答案】DAta“LostandFound”【解析】男士首先问Didanyonehappentoturninanewhandbag?，女士又问了他handbag的详细信息，可见是在失物招领处，选D。18.Whatdoesthemanplantodowithhisoldhouse?【答案】CConvertinintoahotel【解析】but后面是真正意图:turningitintoaguesthouse。guesthouse意为宾馆，因此选C。19.Whatisthekeytowriteagoodclassicaldetectivestoryaccordingtotheman?【答案】DCarefulplottingandclueing.【解析】对话中提到itmustbesocarefullyplottedandsocarefullyclued，对应D选项。20.Whatdoesthemanmainlyneedwhenworkingonabook?【答案】DTobeentirelyalone.【解析】对话中can’tevenbareanybodyelse,becompletelyalone都说明该作家需要独立的写作空间，因此选择D。21.Whatdoesthemansayaboutwriters?【答案】CTheylookattheworldinadetachedmanner.【解析】关键词detachment分离。作家提到作者的经历和写作。虽然说道someexperiencesoverwhelmeveryone,但是后面的but暗示了答案，standaside、detachment都对应了C选项。22.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutBritishrailways?【答案】BLikeitornot,youhavetousethem.【解析】在对话一开始，女士就提到了There’sonlyonerailwaysystem,ifyoudon'tlikeaparticularrailway,youcan’tgoanduseanother.因为只有一条铁路，即使不喜欢，也只能乘坐，换句话说不论喜欢与否都得用它。因此选择B。23.Whatdosomepeoplewhowritetothemancomplainabout?【答案】DThemonopolyofBritishRailways.【解析】对话中谈及monopoly，铁路垄断，因此选D。其他选项均未涉及。24.Whatdoesthemansaythreatenstheexistenceofrailways?【答案】BCompetitionfromothermodesoftransport.【解析】对话中modesoftransportareallaround对应选项B。25.Whatdoesthemansayaboutrailwaysinothercountries?【答案】DTheylosealotofmoney.【解析】男士以德、法两国铁路为例，每年铁路都有大量亏损。因此选择D。而B选项中disappearing仅仅是美国的情况。SectionBPassageOne文章解析：本文是一篇地理科学类文章，有点难度，关键是对一些专有名词的把握。文章开始先指出全球变暖带来最主要的威胁是极地冰盖的融化，并给出了相应的事实和数据加以证明。接着更多例子表明南极洲的冰盖在过去的130万年间至少坍塌过一次。相关高等学府的学者和科学家也相继用实验证明南极洲西部曾是一片汪洋。最后引用HermanEngleheart的话，再次提醒我们，西南极洲大冰原很可能再次融化消失。其实按常理来说，如果听力文章比较有难度的话，题目的难度相对应会降低。所以大家在遇到此类题型时不必惊慌。提取关键信息、边听边记笔记，运用好背景知识等就能把题目做出来。平时也要注意扩大阅读范围，增长见识。关于环境保护和全球变暖之类的文章屡见不鲜，要求考生在这方面要引起足够的重视。难点词汇：WestAntarcticicesheet西南极洲大冰原iceshelf冰架anchored固定的fossil化石microscopicmarineplants海洋微生物geological地质的答案及解析：26.Whatisoneofthemostfrighteningthreatsofglobalwarmingaccordingtothepassage?【解析】C)Manycoastalcitieswillbecoveredwithwater.细节题。本题不难，从听力开头即可听到“raisingsealevelsomuchthatcoastalcitiesfromNewYorktoLosAnglestoShanghaiwillbeflooded”所以选C选项。27.Whatdoscientistsdisagreeon?【解析】B)HowunstabletheWestAntarcticicesheetis.细节题。本题不难。注意关键句“butAntarcticexpertsdisagreestronglyonjusthowunstableitis”即可得出答案。118n28.WhatisthelatestinformationrevealedabouttheWestAntarcticicesheet?【解析】A）Itcollapsedatleastonceduringthepast1.3millionyears.细节题。注意提取关键信息“newevidencerevealsthatallormostoftheAntarcticicesheetcollapsedatleastonceduringthepast1.3millionyears”所以选A选项。29.Whatthescientists’latestfindingssuggest?【解析】A)TheWestAntarcticregionwasonceaopenocean.细节题。听力最后的例子说明了这一点“whichsuggestthattheregionwasonceopenoceannotsolidice”，而其他选项都不是最新的发现。PassageTwo30B）Whetheradeletedphotoisimmediatelyremovedfromtheweb.【解析】听力一开始作者就建议我们尝试删除自己上传的照片“TakeaphotoanduploadittoFacebook,thenafteradayorso,notewhattheURLlinktothepictureisandthendeleteit.”，由此可知应该选B。31B)Thewaytheystoredata.【解析】“Whydo"deleted"photosstickaroundsolong?Theproblemrelatestothewaydataisstoredonlargewebsites”，从这句话可知图片之所以不能立即删除跟它们存储的方式有关。32C)WhentheURLisreused.【解析】“InthecaseofFacebook,thecompanysaysdatamayhangarounduntiltheURLinquestionisreused”，从这句话可知只有URL被再次用到才会被删除。PassageThree33.A解析：第一段原文可以找到对应句子，即someicedcoffeescontainasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.34.B解析：第一段原文中有对应语句，即Betterskipdinnerorhitthegymafterwards.35.C解析：在此句中，“TheWCRFhasestimatedthat19,000cancersayearinBritaincouldbeprevented…”，关键词prevented可以得知答案为C选项。SectionC36.diverse37.tragic38.commit39.outcome40.scale41.colleagues42.accurate43.averages45.Studentswithhighhopesetthemselveshighergoalsandknowhowtoworktoattainthem,46.wentbeyondthesimplenotionthathopeismerelythesensethateverythingwillturnoutallright.47.Havinghopemeansbelievingyouhaveboththewillandthewaytoaccomplishyourgoals,whatevertheymaybe.ReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）SectionA47.答案：feminineandweak解析：文中提到…becausetheybelievethatsuchfeelingsarefeminineandimplyweakness.要填在tobe后面就应该转化成形容词形式。48.答案：losecomposure解析：文中提到mayleadtoalossofcomposure。要用在主语后面就要把loss变成动词lose。49.答案：stress-relateddisorders解析：文中提到cancontributetostress-relateddisorder。50.答案：theirrelationshipwithpartners解析：文中提到…reportlowerrelationshipsatisfactionasdotheirfemalepartners.故这里要重新组合转换表达形式。51.答案：aggressive解析：文中提到…intophysicallyaggressionorviolence，而此处在become后就要用aggression的形容词形式。SectionBPassageOne52)Asolvevirtuallyexistingallproblems细节题。抓住时间点“Intheearly2othcentury”我们从第一句“offersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem”便可知道答案。选择A选项。53)DTheyrealizedthatscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.推论题。我们首先比较容易排除A和C项。B项具有迷惑性，关键是看“thestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudy”这个选项仔细看就会发现说得太绝对了，社会的问题主要是靠人文主义的研究？显然不是很恰当。我们从下面那句也可以推断出选D比较恰当。“TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.”54)CAmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMSdisciplines.118n细节题。主要在第二段里找答案。从段落后两句“ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.”我们可以推断出是选C选项。A和D选项比较容易排除。不选B选项，因为文章中“India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.”seemto表明这几个国家只是有种趋势，但还没有haveovertaken。55)AInsufficientfunding.细节题。我们在第三段里可以找到答案。从“…areseriouslyunderfunded…”“Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembers…”这些信息中，可以很快知道是A选项。56)CHumanisticthinkinghelpscultivateanddefineourcultureandvalues.细节题。本题不难。作者为什么如此着重人文主义的研究，其他三项都是非常具体的，且都不是重点。只有C选项符合。且我们从最后这一句“Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.”及作者的语气可以更加确定是C选项。PassageTwo57.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.解析：这道题针对开头两节。A和C答案比较容易排除，A说爱因斯坦把数学推到了一个极限，C说在将来的两百年都不会有物理学家超过爱因斯坦，这两个都明显不合文章大意。B答案说需要一个爱因斯坦才能建立一种大一统理论，属于过度推理，并且细节性太强了。D答案是正确答案，很多同学不敢选D的原因是，因为有些科学家们认为爱因斯坦或许还没有诞生或许还是个小婴儿，他们认为这样一来就有可能爱因斯坦已经存在了。但是这句话里面的爱因斯坦是代表伟大的科学家的意思，那么这个题目选择D就是正确的，大家都同意的是像爱因斯坦那样伟大的科学家还需要一定的时间才会出现。58.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking解析：B他独立与抽象思维能力。这一段是文章中间部分的内容概括。根据上下文意思推断，爱因斯坦成功的原因，不能说是他在音乐方面的天分，也不能说他的努力或者他在数学方面的深厚基础，因此答案选择B。59.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.解析：正确答案选择D。这段文章是在问今天的物理学家们的情况，A说他们缺乏分析能力，B说他们擅长处理实际问题，C说他们重视发表文章，都是从根据文章细节中捏造出来的错误选项。D是对于文章内容的一个总结概括，数量众多的物理学家进入了更有经济利益的领域。60.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.解析：正确答案选择D。结合Greene讲的话，他说Whatanidea!还说是需要把头往墙上撞的人才会相信能找到个解决方案呢！说明内容实在是比较荒诞。61.B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles解析：正确答案选择B，说的是爱因斯坦在学术圈里面默默无闻，跟原文里面的“byavirtualunknown”相对应。有迷惑性的选择项是D,因为文中提到了爱因斯坦的文章没有配上脚注和注释footnoteandcitations.但是D选择项是说，爱因斯坦不懂得论文的格式，这个属于过度推理了。Cloze62Bsetoutsetoutplans表示制定计划63Dabandoningabandon放弃，onceunshakeableorthodoxy表示曾经不可动摇的做法，也就是现在要放弃了。64Awithstrugglewith表示同…斗争，介词搭配，这里表示设法应对广告收入和报纸销售量下降的局面。65Bintendsintendto表示打算…,从后面的atthebeginningof2011，可知还没有这么做，只是计划或者打算这么做。66Aexceeded超过，是说当用户每月阅读文章超过一定量时就要收费。67Aon和side搭配，onthesideof…表示拥护…；站在…一边。68Dcharge本词在文章中多次出现，chargesb表示向某人收费。69Csuchas表示举例，从后面举London'sEveningStandard作为例子，可知应该选suchas.70Bfree前面提到abandonreadershiprevenue，即放弃读者收益，由此可知应该是makeprinteditionsfree.71Cacknowledged表示承认，这里表示ArthurSulzberger承认这么做是一种赌博。72Cbet打赌，赌注，从前面的gamble可知应该选bet。73Ccirculation发行量，从后面的数量可知应该选circulation。74AbehindNYT排名第三，即排在theWallStreetJournalandUSAToday后面。75BWhilewhile在这里表示对比，从上下文可知NYT与美国其他报纸不同。76Dclaim声称，宣称，这里是说NYT声称自己是全国范围的报纸。77Cmaintains维持，运营，即NYT还在世界其他地方运营着26个办公室。78Alike从下文可知NYT和印刷行业的其他公司一样，也受到金融危机的影响，所以选like，表示同…一样。79Dserious严重的，考察形容词与名词的搭配，从下文的数据可知遭受严重经济损失。80Csuffered遭受，sufferaloss遭受损失，常见搭配。81Dloan贷款，前文提到公司损失了很多钱，所以需要从别处借钱来补充资金。Translation82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou___________(越仔细越好)indealingwiththismatter.解析：canneverbetoocareful/cannotbetoocareful【考点解释】本题考查“越仔细越好”“再…也不为过”的固定搭配，即canneverbetoo/cannotbetoo+adj.【原句精释】无可否认，处理这件事，越仔细越好。83.OnlywhenIreachedmythirties__________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的)解析：didIrealizethatreadingcannotbeneglecteddidIrealizethatreadingisunignorable【考点解释】本题考查由onlywhen引起的局部倒装。当onlywhen置于句首，主句用局部倒装，即将助动词置于主语前面。onlywhen引导句子时态为过去时（reached），为保持时态一致，主句助动词用did；注意被动语态的使用，reading与neglect为被动关系。同时也可以使用be+adj的结构。118n【原句精释】直到三十岁，我才意识不能忽视读书。84.Much___________________(使研究人员感到惊讶)，theoutcomeoftheexperimentwasfarbetterthantheyhadexpected.解析：totheresearchers’surprise【考点解释】本题考查固定搭配toone’ssurprise使…惊讶的是…【原句精释】让研究人员大为惊讶的是，实验结果比他们的预计好得多。85.Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;__________________________（我一定是把它放在哪儿了）。解析：Imusthaveleft/putitsomewhere.【考点解释】本题考查对过去事情的肯定的猜测，即musthave+过去分词，leave与put都有放置的意思，但leave强调遗忘在…，较之put，leave更贴合题意。【原句精释】天啊，我找不到钥匙。我一定是把它放在哪儿了。86．I________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)thangotothebeachforaholiday.解析：wouldratherjoinyouasavolunteer【考点解释】考查结构“宁愿…也不愿…”,因题干中已存在“thango”的结构，只能使用“wouldratherdoratherthando”。加入…joinsb【原句精释】我宁愿加入你们去做义工，也不愿到海边去度假。听力原文：SectionA短对话（11~18）11W:Thisisoneofourbestandleastexpensivetwo-bedroomlistings.It’slocatedinaquietbuildingandit’sclosetobuslines.M:Thatmaybetrue.Butlookatit,it’sawful,thepainthaspeeledoff:carpetiswornandthestoveisancient.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?12M:Thepictureswetookatthebotanicalgardenshouldbereadytomorrow.W:Ican’twaittoseethem,I’mwonderingiftheshotsItookareasgoodasIthought.Q:Whatdoesthewomaneagertoknow?13W:Thehandleofthesuitcaseisbroken.CanyouhaveitfixedbynextTuesday?M:Letmesee,Ineedtofindahandlethatmatchesbutthatshouldn’ttaketoolong.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?14M:ThistrucklookslikewhatIneedbutI’mworriedaboutmaintenance.Forusit’llhavetooperateforlongperiodsoftimeinverycoldtemperatures.W:Wehaveseveralmodelsthatareespeciallyadaptiveforextremeconditions.Wouldyouliketoseethem?Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?15M:Ithinkyourbosswouldbeveryupsetwhenhegetsyourletterofresignation.W:Thatmaybeso.Butintheletter,IjusttoldhimfranklyIcouldnolongerliveupwithhispoormanagementandstupiddecisions.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?16W:I’dliketoexchangetheshirt.I’velearnedthatthepersonboughtitforisallergictowool.M:Maybewecanfindsomethingincottonorsilk.Pleasecomethisway.Q:Whatdoesthewomenwanttodo？17M:Excuseme,Miss？Didanyonehappentoturninanewhandbag?Youknow,it’sabirthdaygiftformywife.W:Letmesee.Oh,we’vegotquitealotofwomen’sbagshere.Canyougivememoredetailedinformation,suchasthecolor,thesizeandthetrademark?Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?18MWhatareyougoingtodowiththeoldhouseyouareinheritagefromyourgrandfather?WIonceintendedtosellit,butnow,I’mthinkingofturningitintoaguesthouse,becauseit'sstillasolidstructure.Q:Whatdoesthemanplantodowithhisoldhouse?长对话（19~25）W:Whenyouwriteanovel,doyouknowwhereyou’regoing,Dr.James?M:Yes,youmust,really,ifyou’rewritingtheclassicaldetectivestory,becauseitmustbesocarefullyplottedandsocarefullyclued.Ihaveschemes.Ihavecharts.Ihavediagrams.Itdoesn’tmeantosaythatIalwaysgetitright,butIdoplanbeforeIbeginwriting.Butwhatissofascinatingishowabookchangesduringtheprocessofwriting.Itseemstomethatcreativewritingisaprocessofrecalibration,really,ratherthanofcreativityintheordinarysense.W:Whenyou’replanningthebasicstructure,doyouliketogoawaytobesurethatyou’rebyyourself?M:Ineedtobebymyself,certainly,absolutely.Ican’tevenbareanybodyelseinthehouse.Idon’tmindmuchwhereIamaslongasI’vegotenoughspacetowrite,butIneedtobecompletelyalone.W:Isthatveryimportanttoyou?M:Oh,yes.I’veneverbeenlonelyinallmylife.W:Howextraordinary!Never?M:No,118nnever.W:You’reverylucky.Someoneoncesaidthatthere’sabitoficeattheheartofeverywriter.M:Yes.Ithinkthisistrue.Thewritercanstandasidefromexperienceandlookatit,watchithappening.Thereisthis‘detachment’andIrealizethatthereareobviouslyexperienceswhichwouldoverwhelmeveryone.Butveryoften,awritercanappeartostandaside,andthisdetachmentmakespeoplefeel:there’sabitoficeintheheart.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.Whatisthekeytowriteagoodclassicaldetectivestoryaccordingtotheman?20.Whatdoesthemanmainlyneedwhenworkingonabook?21.Whatdoesthemansayaboutwriters?W:Thereisanelementthereaboutcompetitionthen,isn’tthere?BecauseBritishrailwaysareanationalizedindustry.There’sonlyonerailwaysysteminthecountry.Ifyoudon’tlikeaparticularkindofbigbeans,youcangoandbuyanother.Butifyoudon'tlikeaparticularrailway,youcan’tgoanduseanother.M:Somepeoplewhowritetomesaythis.Theysaythatifyoudidn’thavemonopoly,youwouldn’tbeabletodothethingsyoudo.Well,Idon’tthinkwedoanythingdeliberatelytoupsetourcustomers.Wehaveparticularproblems.Since1946,whentheTransportActcamein,wewerenationalized.W:Doyouthinkthat’sagoodthing?Hasitbeenagoodthingfortherailways,doyouthink,tobenationalized?M:OhIthinkso,yes.Becauseingeneral,modesoftransportareallaround.Let’sfacethefact.Thecararrived.Thecarisheretostay.Thereisnoquestionaboutthat.W:Sowhatareyousayingthen?Isitiftherailwayshappenbeingnationalized,theywouldsimplyhavedisappeared?M:Oh,Ithinktheywouldhave.They’redisappearingfastinAmerica.Er,theFrenchrailwayslose1billionpondsayear.TheGermanrailways,2billionpondsayear.Butyousee,thosegovernmentsarepreparingtopourmoneyintothetransportsystemtokeepitgoing.W:Soinasense,youcopebetweentwoextremes.Ontheonehand,you’retryingnottolosetoomuchmoney.Andontheotherhand,you’vegottoprovidethebestservice.M:Yes,youareright.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutBritishrailways?23.Whatdosomepeoplewhowritetothemancomplainabout?24.Whatdoesthemansaythreatenstheexistenceofrailways?25.Whatdoesthemansayaboutrailwaysinothercountries?SectionBPassageOneAmongglobalwarming’smostfrighteningthreatsisthepredictionisthatthepolarice-capswillmelt,raisingsealevelsomuchthatcoastalcitiesfromNewYorktoLosAnglestoShanghaiwillbeflooded.ScientistsagreethatthekeyplayerinthisscenarioistheWestAntarcticicesheet,aBrazil-sizemassoffrozenwaterthatisasmuchas7000feetthick.Unlikefloatingiceshelveswhichhavelittleimpactonsealevelwhentheybreakup,theicesheetisanchoredtobedrockwellblowtheseasurface.Surroundedbyopenocean,itisalsovulnerable,butAntarcticexpertsdisagreestronglyonjusthowunstableitis.Now,newevidencerevealsthatallormostoftheAntarcticicesheetcollapsedatleastonceduringthepast1.3millionyears,aperiodwhenglobaltemperaturesprobablywerenotsignificantlyhigherthantheyaretoday.Andtheicesheetwasassumedtohavebeenstable.Ingeologicaltime,amillionyearsisrecenthistory.Theproof,whichwaspublishedlastweekinScience,comesfromateamofscientistsfromUppsalaUniversityinSwedenandCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologywhodrewdeepholesneartheedgeoftheicesheet.Withinsamplescollectedfromthesolidsubstanceslyingbeneaththeice.Theyfoundfossilsofmicroscopicmarineplantswhichsuggestthattheregionwasonceopenoceannotsolidice.AsHermanEngleheart,aco-authorfromtheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologysays,‘theWestAntarcticicesheetdisappearonceandcandisappearagain.’26.Whatisoneofthemostfrighteningthreatsofglobalwarmingaccordingtothepassage?27.Whatdidscientistsdisagreeon?28.WhatdoesthelatestinformationrevealabouttheWestAntarcticicesheet?29.Whatdothescientists’latestfindingssuggest?PassageTwoIt'salwaysfuntowriteaboutresearchthatyoucanactuallytryoutforyourself.Trythis:TakeaphotoanduploadittoFacebook,thenafteradayorso,notewhattheURLlinktothepictureisandthendeleteit.Comebackamonthlaterandseeifthelinkworks.Chancesare:Itwill.Facebookisn'talonehere.ResearchersatCambridgeUniversityhavefoundthatnearlyhalfofthesocialnetworkingsitesdon'timmediatelydeletepictureswhenauserrequeststheyberemoved.Ingeneral,photo-centricwebsiteslikeFlickrwerefoundtobebetteratquicklyremovingdeletedphotosuponrequest.Whydo"deleted"photosstickaroundsolong?Theproblemrelatestothewaydataisstoredonlargewebsites:Whileyourpersonalcomputeronlykeepsonecopyofafile,large-scaleserviceslikeFacebookrelyonwhatarecalledcontentdeliverynetworkstomanagedataanddistribution.It'sacomplexsystemwhereindataiscopiedtomultipleintermediatedevices,usuallytospeedupaccesstofileswhenmillionsofpeoplearetryingtoaccesstheserviceatthesametime.Butbecausechangesaren'treflectedacrossthecontentdeliverynetworksimmediately,ghostcopiesoffilestendtolingerfordaysorweeks.InthecaseofFacebook,thecompanysaysdatamayhangarounduntiltheURLinquestionisreused,whichisusually"afterashortperiodoftime",thoughobviouslythattimecanvaryconsiderably.30.Whatdoesthespeakeraskustotryout?31.Whataccountsforthefailureofsomewebsitestoremovephotosimmediately?32.WhenwilltheunwanteddataeventuallydisappearfromFacebookaccordingtothecompany?Passage118nThreeEnjoyinganicedcoffee?Betterskipdinnerorhitthegymafterwards,withacancercharitywarningthatsomeicedcoffeescontainasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.TheWorldCancerResearchFund(WCRF)conductedasurveyoficedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsinBritainincludingStarbucks,CaffeNeroandCostaCoffeetogaugethecaloriesasstudiesincreasinglylinkobesitywithcancer.Theworstoffender-acoffeefromStarbucks--had561calories.Othericedcoffeescontainedmorethan450caloriesandthemajorityhadanexcessof200.Healthexpertsadvisethattheaveragewomanshouldconsumeabout2,000caloriesadayandamanabout2,500caloriestomaintainahealthyweight.Dietersaimfor1,000to1,500caloriesaday."Thefactthatthereisanicedcoffeeonthemarketwithoveraquarterofawoman'sdailycaloriesallowanceisalarming,"DrRachelThompson,scienceprogrammemanageratLondon-basedWCRF,saidinawidely-reportedstatement."Thisistheamountofcaloriesyoumightexpecttohaveinaneveningmeal,notinadrink."TheWCRFhasestimatedthat19,000cancersayearinBritaincouldbepreventedifpeoplelosttheirexcessweightwithgrowingevidencethatexcessbodyfatincreasestheriskofvariouscancers."Ifyouarehavingthesetypesofcoffeeregularlythentheywillincreasethechancesofyoubecomingoverweight,whichinturnincreasesyourriskofdevelopingcancer,aswellasotherdiseasessuchasheartdisease."sheadded.33.Whatwarningdidsomehealthexpertsgive?34.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledoaftertheyhaveanicedcoffee?35.WhatcouldBritishpeopleexpectiftheymaintainanormalbodyweightaccordingtotheWCRF?2011年6月英语六级真题参考答案（A卷）范文：Presently,trainingschoolsofvariouskindshavegainedincreasingpopularitynotonlyforcollegestudents,butalsoforpeoplewhohavesteppedoutoftheivorytower.Theyspringuplikemushroomstocaterforpeople’scrazeforcertificates.Wemaywonder:whatmightbethecauseofthecraze?Theprimaryreason,asisknowntoall,isthefiercecompetitionandcontestinthejobmarketasaresultofthepopulationexplosion.Thisistrueespeciallyaftertheexpansionofcollegeadmission.Asaresult,amaster’sdegree,letaloneabachelor’sdegree,cannotguaranteeajobwithadecentsalary.Inthiscase,anincreasingnumberofyoungstersburnmidnightoiltopassendlessexaminationssothattheymayobtainanedgeoverothersinthefightfordesiredpositions,becausetheyareconvincedthatthecertificate–rewardsoftheexams–willqualifythemforthepoststheyhopefor.Apartfromthecompetitionforjobs,anotherequallyimportantfactoristhedesireforknowledge.Somestudents,study-holicsintheeyesofotherpeople,arealwayscravingfornewknowledgeindiversefieldsbutafraidtostophalfwayinthepursuit.Fortheseindividuals,acertificateisaspurtocontinuouseffort.Forthisreason,theyareoftenseenonthewayfromoneexaminationtoanotherforanewcertificate.Nodoubt,hardworkforcertificatescanbenefitusinmanyways.Itcanbringusknowledgeandaccesstojobswedesire.Butsurelyacertificateisnoteverything.Itcannotprovideuswithcreativity,whichisamustforinventionandinnovation.Itevencannotgiveussecurityforajob.Thebestwinneristhetrainingschool:theyearnmillionsofdollarsfromthecertificatecraze.快速阅读1.B.Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents解析：全文讲的是少数民族学生的毕业率变低的问题，这也是作者对于美国高等教育所担心的一个问题，关键词在lowgraduationrate，其他的proportion，conflict，和academicperformance都没有涉及，故选B。2.D.itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents解析：答案在整篇文章第一句话，BowdoinCollege的校长引以为豪的是扩招了很多少数民族学生。而不是学校排名，文化遗产继承，C选项高毕业率与原文不符，故选D。3.B.Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.解析：答案定位在第四段。原文内容是：…,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.而D选项说美国将会失去其在高等教育方面的竞争优势，这一点原味并未提及，原文只是说美国的低毕业率问题。4.C.Fifiteenpercent解析：答案在原文第四段最后一句话。only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.5.B.theyrecruitthebeststudents解析：尽管C选项和D选项是私立高校的措施，但哈佛，耶鲁等名校白种人和黑种人毕业率没有差别的原因却在于他们在选拨方面做的出色。根据原文Butmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.可知本题答案选B。6.A.Universitiesaretoblame.解析：根据原文第6段somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction,…Butabiggerproblemmaybethat…定位到本段最后AmyWilkins的话，可知答案选A。某些高校只是为了追求金钱，不顾学生毕业，应该受到批评。7.B.Theycannotaffordthehightuition.解析：根据原文第八段最后一句，可知学生入学后退学，原因在于交不起学费。8.thattheyarelessqualified解析：定位到原文第九段中间部分，破折号之后，andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.9.somepreparatorycourses解析：定位到原文第十段第三行，…bringingminorityontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomepreparatorycourses.10.beclosed解析：定位到原文最后一段第一句。Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.118nSectionA11.M:Ileft20pagesheretocopy.Hereisthereceipt.W:I'msorry,sir.Butwe'realittlebehind.Couldyoucomebackinafewminutes?Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?12.W:Ihopeyou'renottooputoutwithmeforthedelay.Ihavetostopbyfriends'hometopickupabookonmywayhere.M:Well,that'snotabigdeal.Butyoumightatleastphoneifyouknowyou'regoingtokeepsomeonewaiting.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?13.W:Markisthebestcandidateforchairmanofthestudentunion,isn'the?M:Well,thatguywon'tbeabletowintheelectionunlesshegetssomemajorityvotefromwomenstudents.AndI'mnotsureaboutthat.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?14.M:Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting,Madam.I'velocatedyourluggage.ItwasleftbehindinParisandwon'tarriveuntillaterthisevening.W:Oh,Ican'tbelievethis.Haveitdeliveredtomyhotelthen,Iguess.Q:Whathappenedtothewoman'sluggage?15.W:Idon'tthinkwehaveenoughinformationforourpresentation,butwehavetogiveittomorrow.Theredoesn'tseemtobemuchwecandoaboutit.M:Yeah,atthispointwe'llhavetomakedowithwhatwe'vegot.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?16.M:Iamtakingthisgreatcourse-PsychologyofLanguage,it'sreallyinteresting.Sinceyouareapsychologymajor,youshouldsignupforit.W:ActuallyItriedtodothat,buttheytoldmeIhavetotakelanguagestudiesfirst.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?17.W:CanyoubelievethewayLarrywastalkingtohisroommate?Nowondertheydon'tgetalong.M:Well,maybeLarrywasjustreactingtosomethinghisroommatesaid.Therearetwosidestoeverystoryyouknow.Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutLarryandhisroommate?18.M:Wedon'thavetheresourcestostopthosepeoplefrombuyingusoutunlessamiraclehappens.Thismaybetheendofus.W:Istillhavehopewecangethelpfromthebank.Afterallwedon'tneedthatmuchmoney.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.W:YouknowI'veoftenwonderedwhypeoplelaughatthepictureofabigbellybusinessmanslippingonabananaskinandfallingonhisbottom.Wearetofeelsorryforthem.M:Actually,Laura,Ithinkwelaughbecausewearegladitdidn'thappentous.Butofcoursethereisalsoakindofhumoroussatisfactioninseeingsomebodyself-importantmakingafoolofthemselves.W:Yes,andtherearealotofjokesaboutpeoplewhoaretoofatorphysicallyhandicapped,youknow,deaf,orshort-sightedthingslikethat.Afterall,it'snotreallyfunnytobelikethat.M:Oh,Ithinkthat'sbecausewe'reembarrassed.Wedon'tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.Perhapsweareevenabitfrightenedwemaygetlikethat,sowelaugh.M:Whataboutthecustardpieroutine?W:Whatdoyoumean'custardpieroutine'?M:Youknow,allthoseoldfilmswheresomeonegetssooutragedwithhisboss,Hepicksupacustardpieandplastersitallovertheotherperson'sface.W:Thatnevermakesmelaughmuch,becauseyoucanguesswhat'sgoingtohappen.Butalotofpeoplestillfinditlaughable.Itmustbecauseofthesortofthethingwe'dalllovetodoonceinawhileandneverquiethavethecourageto.M:Ihadanoldauntwhousedtothrowcupsofteaatpeoplewhenshewasparticularlyirritated.Shesaiditrelievedherfeelings.W:Itmusthavecomeabitexpensive.M:Notreally.Shetookcarenevertothrowherbestchina.19.Whydoesthemansaywelaughedwhenweseesomeself-importantpeoplemakingfoolofthemselves?20.Whydosomepeoplejokeaboutthosewhoarefatorhandicappedaccordingtotheman?21.Whydomanypeoplefinditfunnytoseesomeonethrowingacustardpieontheirboss'sface?22.Whydoesthemansayshewoulddropcupsofteaatpeopleoccasionally?ConversationTwo听力原文W：YournameisSanjayKumar,isthatcorrect?M：Yes,madam.W：YouclaimyouaretravelingonascholarshipfromDelhiUniversity118n.M：That'sright.W：Nowitseemsthatahandgunwasfoundinyourluggage.Doyouadmitthat?M：Yes,but…W：Accordingtothestatementyoumade,youhadneverseenthehandgunbeforeitwasfoundinyourbag.Doyoustillmaintainthat?M：Butit'strue.Iswearit.W：Mmm,youdorealizeMr.KumarthattobringahandgunintoHongKongwithoutproperauthorizationisaseriousoffense.M：ButIdidn'tbringit.I…ImeanIdidn'tknowanythingaboutit.Itwasn'ttherewhenIleftDelhi.Mybagsweresearched.Itwaspartoftheairportsecuritycheck.W：Maybeso,butsomeonemanagedtogetthathandgunontotheaircraftoritcouldn'thavebeenthere.M：Someonebutnotme.W：Tellme,wherewasyourpersonalbagduringtheflight?M：Ihaditdownbymyfeetbetweenmeandthemaninthenextseat.M:HewastheonlypersonwhocouldhaveopenedmybagwhileIwasasleep.Itmusthavebeenhim.W:Isee.Haveyouanyideawhothismanwas?M:Hetoldmehisname,AlfredFoster.Hewasveryfriendly,afterIwokeupthatis.Hehadn'tspokenbefore.W:AlfredFoster,wecancheckthatonthepassengerlist.M:Hesaidhehadacarcomingtomeethim.Heofferedmealift.W:Oh,Whyshouldhedothat?M:Sohecangethishandgunback,that'swhy.Pleasefindhim,Madam.Questions23-25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard23.WhatisSanjayKumarsuspectedof?24.WhatdoweknowaboutAlfredFoster?25.WhatdoesSanjayKumaraskthewomantodofinally?SectionBPassageOne听力原文Everyoneislookingforagoodinvestmentthesedays.Andwithstocks,currenciesandcompaniesallcrashing,somearefindingthattakingthetripofalifetimeisactuallyasmartmoverightnow.Pricesaregood,crowdsarefewerandthedividendslikeexpandedworldview,lifelongmemories,thesatisfactionofboostingtheglobaleconomy—can'tbeeasilysnatchedaway.SylviaandPaulCusterson,aretiredcouplefromCambridge,England,recentlytooka16-dayvacationtoNamibia,wheretheywentonbird-watchingexcursions.Laterthisyear,theyareplanningatriptoPatagonia."We'reusingourcapitalnow,"saysSylvia,"Andwhynot?We'renotgettinganyinterestinthebank.Ifit'saplacewereallywanttogo,thenwewillgo.Wemayaswelltravelwhilewe'refitandhealthy."Sometravelagentsarethrivinginspiteoftheeconomy."We'vehadmorepeoplebookinginthefirstquarterofthisyearthanlast,"saysHubertMoineau,founderofTselanaTravel,whichisplanningtointroduceanewprogramoflongeradventuretrips,includingpolarexpeditionsandcruisesintheGalápagos."We'rehearingthingslike,'Wedon'tknowwhatthesituationwillbeinsixmonthssolet'stravelnow'",AshleyToft,managingdirectoroftheU.K.touroperatorExplorehasbeensurprisedtoseeanincreaseinlast-minutebookingsofhigh-pricedtripstosuchplacesasIndia,BhutanandNepal."Itseemspeoplewouldrathergiveupsomethingelsethanthebigtrip,"hesays.Travelhasbecomeanecessity.It'sjusthowwetravelthatischanging.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.Accordingtothespeaker,whyaresomepeoplewillingtospendtheirmoneyontravelthesedays?27.WhatisTselanaTravelplanningtodo,accordingtoitsfounder?28.AccordingtoAshleyToft,managingdirectorofExplore,whatischangingnowwithregardtotravel?PassageTwo听力原文Somehowtheoldmaleandfemalestereotypesnolongerfit.Menandwomeninthiscountryhaven’tbeenfulfillingtheirtraditionalrolesforsometimenow.Andthereseemtobefewerandfewerdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Forinstance,eventhoughmorewomenthanmenarestillhomemakerswithoutpayingjobs,womenhavebeentakingovermoreresponsibilityinthebusinessworld,earninghighersalariesthaneverbeforeandenteringfieldsofworkthatusedtobeexclusivelymaleareas.Atofficemeetingsandingroupdiscussions,theymightspeakupmoreoften,expressstrongopinionsandcomeupwithmorecreativeandpracticalideasthantheirmalecolleagues.Severaldaysago,my23-year-olddaughtercametomewithsomeimportantnews.Notonlyhadshefoundthehighestpayingjobofhercareer,butshe’dalsoacceptedadatewiththemostcharmingmenshe’devermet.“Really?”,Iresponded,”tellmeaboutthem.”“Receptionistinanattorney’sofficeandawelderataconstructionsite.”Sheansweredinamatter-of-factway.Theinterestingthingismydaughter’sdateisthereceptionistandmydaughteristhewelder.Theoldstereotypesofmen’sandwomen’sworkhavebeenchangingmorequicklythaneverbefore,exceptperhapsinmyownmarriage.“Who'sgoingtomowthelawn?”Iaskedmyhusbandthismorning.“Oh,Iwill,”heansweredpolitely.”That'smen'swork.”“What?”Irritated,Iraisedmyvoice.“That'saridiculousstereotype.I'llshowyouwhocandothebestjobonthelawn.”Theworktook3hoursandIdiditallmyself.Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust118nheard.29.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?30.Whatmightwomendoatofficemeetingsnowadaysaccordingtothespeaker?31.Whydidthespeakermowthelawnherselfthatmorning?PassageThree听力原文FlorenceHayesisajournalistfortheGreenVilleJournal,thedailynewspaperintown.SpecificallyshecoverscrimeintheGreenVillearea.Thisresponsibilitytakeshertomanydifferentplaceseveryweek——thepolicestation,thecourtandthehospital.Mostofthecrimesthatshewritesaboutfallintotwogroups:violentcrimesandcrimesagainstproperty.Thereisn’tmuchviolentcrimeinasmalltownlikeGreenVille,oratleastnotasmuchasinthelargeurbanareas.ButassaultsoftenoccuronFridayandSaturdaynights,nearthebarsdowntown.There’realsooneortworapesoncampuseverysemester.Florenceisveryinterestedinthistypeofcrimeandtriestowritealongarticleabouteachone.SheexpectsthatthiswillmakewomenmorecarefulwhentheywalkaroundGreenVillealoneatnightFortunately,therewereusuallynomurdersinGreenVille.CrimesagainstpropertymakeupmostofMissHeyes’reporting.Theyrangefromminorcasesofdeliberatedamagingofthingstomuchmoreseriousoffenses,suchascaraccidentsinvolvingdrunkdriversorbankrobberiesbutFlorencehastoreportalloftheseviolationsfromthethiefwhotooktypewritersfromeveryunlockedroominthedormitorytothethiefwhostoleonemilliondollarsworthofartworkfromtheuniversitymuseum.MissHayesenjoysworkingforanewspaperbutshesometimesgetsunhappyaboutallthecrimeshehastoreport.Shewouldprefertostartwritingaboutsomethingmoreinterestingandlessunpleasantsuchaslocalnewsorpolitics,maybenextyearFlorenceHayesGreenVilleQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32WhatisFlorenceHayes’mainresponsibilityasajournalist?33WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutsecurityinGreenVille?34WhatdowelearnaboutcrimesagainstpropertyintheGreenVillearea?35WhatwouldFlorenceHayesprefertodo?11.C.Shehasnotgottheman'scopiesready.解析：本题考的是文化场景，出现了copy等词，还是比较基础的。原文中男生想出示收据来拿复印材料，然后女生说“we'realittlebehind.”（我们动作稍落后）意思就是还没复印好。12.B.Shewaslatefortheappointment.解析：生活类场景题。注意对"beputoutwithsb"（对……生气）的理解；文中女生首先对自己的迟到表示歉意并解释原因；男生说不是大问题，但是你至少得打个电话给我。因此，我们知道女生迟到了。13.C.Itwon'tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.解析：对话属于学习类场景，出现了majority,studentunion,和candidate等相关词汇。考点在于对话中的肯定与否定类，即前面一个人提出观点，后面一个人采取‘取非’的态度；文中第一人说Mark是学生会主席的不二人选，而第二人则说除非Mark获得了大多数女生的选票，否则是赢不了的，因此还不能确定。14.A.Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.解析：考短对话常考场景，旅游场景，其中hotel,luggage等单词可帮助学生直接定位；第一个人（估计是工作人员）对旅客道歉说行李被落在巴黎了，要到深夜才能送到。旅客说这让让她难以置信，然后要求就把行李送到宾馆。由此可知，女士的行李还没有到达目的地。15.A.Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.解析：关键词presentation,为校园场景。考点为第二人建议题，"atthispoint,we’llhavetodo…"明确表示建议，将建议后的内容听出来就可以了。这里“we'llhavetomakedowithwhatwe'vegot.”意思是“我们要善加利用手上已有的东西”。16.D.Thewomanisn’tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.解析：关键词course，为校园场景。16题为典型的第二人but转折后出考题，音频中出现的psychology其实不需要知道意思，前面已经有course来解释了。这和六级一贯的难词前后有对其的解释的原则一致，并且psychology是六级学生应该掌握的词汇。文中男生向女生推荐语言心理学这门课，女生说她有尝试报名，但是在参加课程前得先进行语言学习，因此推出，女生还没有资格参加该课程。17.A.Theyarebothtoblame.解析：17题为租房与住房类，出现了诸如roommate，getalong等词汇。并且第二人用maybe给出建议，作为考点。女生首先提到Larry对室友的说话态度不好；然后男生提到有可能他的室友讲了些什么，Larry才会有如此反应。每件事都是有两面性的。因此双方可能都有责任。18.A.Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.解析：18题为商务话题，关键词resources，考题类型为观点态度类，答案出现在第二人woman回答处，出现不绝对模凌两可的词汇给出观点态度，此为本题考点。第一人话中讲到“buysb.out”表示收购；对于这个词不认知问题不大，后面给出了提示，表明发生了问题。而第二人给出了建议。具体而言，第一人说情况很不乐观，第二人说还有希望，能向银行求助。由此可知，他们的经济状况不佳，急需帮助。19.C解析：从Butofcoursethereisalsoakindofhumoroussatisfactioninseeingsomebodyself-importantmakingafoolofthemselves.一句中，可知，我们会嘲笑他人的不幸，是因为我们可以从中得到一种幽默的满足，derivefrom意为得到，取得,makeafoolof意为愚弄20.C解析：人们之所以会嘲笑胖子或身体有残缺的人，是因为人们不知该如何处理那样的情况，文中有句有真相"Wedon’tknowhowtocopewiththesituation"21.A解析：custardpie意为“牛奶饼”，题目问的是，为什么人们看到有人往老板脸上扔牛奶饼，会觉得很有趣？对话中也几乎是原封不动地给出了答案，那是因为我们也想做却不敢做。wouldliketodo是lovetodo的同义替换词，daretodo又是havecouragetodo的同义替换词。22.C解析：relievefeelings意为缓和情绪，对话中提到，Shesaiditrelievedherfeelings.这位男生的阿姨自己亲口表示，当她被激怒时，会朝别人扔茶杯，来缓和自己的情绪，而不是如选项A所说，toirritate118nthem,激怒别人。23.D解析：suspect的意思是怀疑，题目问，SanjayKumar被怀疑什么？对话的开头，女警察便说到，“Nowitseemsthatahandgunwasfoundinyourluggage”，也就是说在SanjayKumar的包里发现了一把手枪，由此可得出选项D24.D解析：从对话中，我们了解到，SanjayKumar并没有携带枪支，而是坐在他身边的AlfredFoster栽赃嫁祸，趁SanjayKumar睡着时，将手枪放进他的包里，slip有暗中塞入的意思，对应选项D25.B解析：对话的最后一句已给出了答案，"Pleasefindhim,Madam."SanjayKumar请求警察能够找到AlfredFoster26.B解析：推断题。本题问如今一些人愿意把钱花在旅游上的原因。第一题通常从听力开头去定位答案。文章第一句"Everyoneislookingforagoodinvestment",紧接着说明但如今股票市场，货币投资和公司都不太景气（crashing），一些人就发现旅行不失为一个不错的“投资”，(takingthetripofalifetimeisactuallyasmartmove)这钱花得也值。27.D解析：细节题。看到TselanaTravel直接锁定目标，且听力中也给出了"planningtointroduce..."排除其他选秀。旅游业兴盛起来，那么相应的旅行社等必然会采取措施，争取吸引客户获得经济利益。所以听的时候我们要格外注意，要对旅行社的行为要注意听。28.B解析：细节题。关键词"AshleyToft"和"changing"，考生容易选C选项，因为这个AshleyToft也提到了last-minutebookings数字的增长。但是一定要把文章听完，最后给出了"Travelhasbecomeanecessity.It'sjusthowwetravelthatischanging."2个选项一对比，B选项更为合适。Thewaypeopletravel和howwetravel用到了同义替换。也再次说明，听力首尾都是听力常考的重点区域，不可掉以轻心。29.B解析：主旨题。主要考察考生对主旨的理解。注意这里A选项容易让人混淆。首句中的oldstereotypes会误导考生去选A。但A选项并不完整。文章不是讲老套传统的男女观念。而是对此的一个质疑，传统男女的角色正在不断改变。这也是六级做题的一个技巧。选项中出现和文章有关的重点单词，并不一定就是答案。选项还是都得仔细阅读。30.答案：A解析：细节题。此题不难，关键词"officemeetings'，文章中直接给出了"theymightspeakupmoreoften,expressstrongopinionsandcomeupwithmorecreativeandpracticalideasthantheirmalecolleagues."排除其他选项。31.C解析：推断题。题目问主人公为什么要自己来修整草坪。文章最后是以一段对话体现。此题需要简单推理。首先主人公很明确的表示自己认为传统男女的关系及角色扮演正在不断改变，女性可以做好传统观念里男人应该做的事。自己女儿就是一个很好的例子，是焊接工（welder），而女儿男友则是律师事务所的前台接待。那么必然推断出作者本身自己的行为举止也是贯彻自己的这一想法。推断选C，排除其他选项。32.B解析：问女主人公作为记者的主要工作职责。题目比较简单。文章开头就给出"SpecificallyshecoverscrimeintheGreenVillearea."且后面文章都是介绍女主人公报道的也都是镇上发生的犯罪行为。A和C选项范围大了，D选项范围有小了。只有B选项正确。33.答案：D解析：细节题。4个选项乍看都是和小镇治安有关。需要一个一个去排除。A选项文章并没有给出小镇以前和现在的治安状况对比，排除。B选项，文章的确提到了rapes，但是并没有提及在downtownareas的情况，且Greenville是个镇。C选项assaults常发生在nearthebarsdowntown不是schoolcampuses。如果做题时没做好笔记，关注好细节，很容易选错。34.A解析：细节题。关键词是"crimesagainstproperty"，最后部分的听力中有"CrimesagainstpropertymakeupmostofMissHeyes'reporting."说明在Florence负责的犯罪行为中，和财产有关的占了大部分（makeup组成）。说明这种犯罪率比较高。A选项适合。C选项乍看像是答案，但文中并给出该类案件正在不断升级。排除。35.A解析：此题听到prefer就知道答案应所锁定于听力最后。听力已经很明显给出"Shewouldprefertostart..."C和D没有提到。B选项，文中的确提到了localnewsorpolitics，但这只是她可能想要做的事情的举例而已，并不是非常明确就一定要去做。"omethingmoreinterestingandlessunpleasant"表明应该选A。36flavors37confused38particularly39behavior40variety41overwhelmed42senior43strategies44whohadundertakenthemostexhaustedsearchwouldbethemostsatisfiedwiththeirfinaldecision45whythesepeoplefeellesssatisfiedisthataworldofpossibilitiesmayalsobeaworldofmissedopportunities.46apersonismoreacutelyawareoftheopportunitiestheyhadtoturndowntopursuejustonecareer.whatisinyourboss'smind48.challengingourboss'sauthority49.possibleconsequences50.beproposedandreviewed51.Confrontations52.D关键词：yet,boost定位：题干中thefirstparagraph提示答案定位在第一段。根据关键词可以进一步定位。解析：第一段第二句“TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.”说明美国大众认为移民是不好的。而后面紧接着的第三句话“Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthat…providesasmallnetboost”说明经济学家认为移民是有促进作用的。这句话中的Yet和boost，就是与前一句话作了对比。说明了在关于移民影响的问题上，美国大众和经济学家所持的观点是不同的。选项D“thinkdifferently”对应原文意思，因此选择选项D。53.B关键词：profit,lowerprices定位：第三段第三句。解析：原文第三段第三句“theseproducers’savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore”说明移民劳动力节约了制造成本，使得我们在小店里买的东西价格更低，这与选项B中的“goodsatlowerprices”对应，因此选择B。54.C关键词：low-skilled,reducethe118nwages定位：第三段的最一句话。解析：原文第三段最后一句话“immigrationreducedthewagesoftheAmericanhigh-schooldrop-outs…”中“high-schooldrop-outs…”高中辍学的人即选项C中“low-skilledworkers”，而选项C中的“decentpay”与原文中“reducethewages”对应说明了移民会导致低技能水平的当地人更难找到一份体面工资的工作了。因此，C的意思与原文最符合，此处选择C。55.D.关键词：high-skilled,fiscalburden定位：第四段第二句解析：第四段第一句提到“whatworriedthemmostwasthefiscalburden”说明当地的高技能人才最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。选项A“改变社会结构”，选项B“威胁了他们的经济地位”，选线C“导致社会不稳定，这三个选项与国家财政无关。而选项D“国家预算”属于财政方面，与原文意思符合，所以此处选择D。56.C关键词：irony定位：第五段（文章最后一段）。解析：要做对这道题目要理解文章最后一段的意思。根据关键词irony能够提示答案就在本段中。第五段的第一句点明了本段的主要意思：移民对于美国的真正影响很小。后面“itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone.”是作者暗示人们对于移民影响的小题大做。而选项C中“makeabigfussabout”大惊小怪（答题）与原文意思相同，因此此处选择C。57.A关键词：characterises、today定位：第一、二段解析：第一段是对57题题干的综合阐述，在第三行开头的关键词“today”之后，我们看到“morewomen”“awiderangeofethnicgroups”等字样，即可确定本题的答案是A.此外，在第二段，我们同样可以发现，第二段的第二行“thisapparentdiversity”就直接将选项A点出来了。58.B关键词：concern、currentbusinessschooleducation定位：第二段的最后两行解析：在第二段的最后两行，我们看到“whichriskcreatingasetofclones…”,选项B中“uniformstyle”就是原文中“clone”的同义替换，正确答案就是B。59.C关键词：ValerieGauthier、mostimportant定位：第三段的最后两行解析：这道题的题干中有人名，还有最高级“most”,定位起来就非常容易了。在第三段的最后两行，我们可以很容易地找到答案“alsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach…”，所以我们的正确选项是C。60.C关键词：MBAprogrammers、recruiting定位：第四段解析：这道题的题干中，根据关键词MBA我们定位到第三段的中间部分，但是根据前面59题的做题过程，我们大致了解到，第三段并没有讲跟recruit（招聘）相关的内容，于是我们看到第四段，第四段的第一行“selectingcandidates”以及第二行“seekingindividuals”都是题干中“recruiting”的同义替换，于是我们确定答案就在第四段，通过对第四段的阅读，我们可以很容易的得出正确的选项就是C。61.D关键词：Mannaz、currentmanagementstyle定位：第五段（即最后一段）的第五、六行解析：大写字母开头的人名很自然地成为了关键词之一，根据Mannaz我们来到了最后一段的第五行，原文中“theincreasinginterest…morecollaborativemodels”,即直接将答案指向了D选项。62employers63but64devote65competitive66academic67necessarily68outside69demanding70potential71relevant72up73voluntary74and75Exceptional76perform77formally78Forinstance79demonstrated80scheme81peers62.需要通篇理解才能给出答案。63.上一句的关键词是usually,讲述的是“通常的情况”，与“现在的情况”形成对比。因此63选but。64.这里需要一个和to搭配的动词，表达“投入”之意，因此只有devote符合。65.全文都在讲述学生找工作，这里的“人才市场”竞争激烈，才符合题意，因此competitive符合。66.本句里有个alongside，相当于beside，这里指课外实践以外的方面，当然就是academic67.这里需要一个副词修饰动词appreciate，根据but前后的逻辑，我们应该选择necessarily，表示“必然;必定”:Bigmenaren'tnecessarilystrongmen.高大的人不一定强壮.68.根据全文的大意，这里的appreciate要接“课外实践”作宾语。69.根据下文的描述，我们可以知道“现在的雇主要比原先苛刻很多”，所以这里需要填上demanding70.根据本段最后一句，Now后面的描述，我们知道，原先并不是这样，原先只注重应聘者的潜力，其实“sawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant’sskills”也是一个佐证。71.这里需要一个和to搭配的形容词，根据倒数第二段的最后一句，我们很好判断出答案选择relevant。72.本空考察动词短语，signupfor表示“登记报名”，这里是符合题意的。73.根据文章第一句，这里很好判断，应该是voluntary，表示义工。74.这里是几个动作的顺承，应该用and。75.B)Exceptional这里需要形容词修饰efforts。exceptional，特别的，卓越的。2008年北京奥运会闭幕式上，奥委会主席罗格就用了exceptional这个词来形容这场盛世。什么样的成绩可以得奖呢？当然是优秀的成绩。occasional，偶然的；informative，内容充实的；relative，相关的。76.A)perform这里句子缺少谓语动词。perform，表现。学生、员工的“表现”，通常用perform/performance这个词。circulate，循环；convey，传达；formulate，制定、用公式表示。在运动场上表现优秀的学生可以获得体育相关的奖项。77.C)formally这里需要副词修饰动词organised。可以从Goodman后面举的例子上来判断，学生的经验不需要非要正式。roughly，粗略地；randomly，随机地；fortunately，幸运的。注意句子中的否定成分。78.A)Forinstance下面开始举例，故选择此项。Incontrast，相反；Inessence，本质上；Ofcourse，当然。79.A)demonstrated词义辨析题。这里需要动词，与skills联系。demonstrate，展示；operate，操作；determine，决定；involve，卷入、包括。学生通过实践经验，展现自己的谈判技巧。80.C)scheme词义辨析。device，设备；section，部分；scheme，计划；distraction，分心。这里指的是Bristol118nPLuS这项奖励计划。81.D)peers词义辨析。attendant，出席者；member，会员；agent，经纪人；peer，同龄人。本次六级完型填空考察了4处名词，3处连词，3处动词，6处形容词，2处介词，2处副词。只有少数几处能通过微观层面的语法搭配判定选项，其他大部分都需要通篇理解，因此有一定难度。82.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,theywouldratherstopforthebeautifulview(宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色)thanjustgoon.解析：本题考查两个知识点，比较活。停下来做某事可以表达为stopforsth.（此处sth.为汉译英动词转名词的技巧，即doingsth.→sth.），stoptodosth.或者stopanddosth.。而”欣赏美丽的景色”，若用动词组合表达则为enjoythebeautifulview即可。83.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,aseithersiderefusestosoftentheirpositions(任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场)解析：本题语言表达在新闻英语中出现频率较高，一定程度上考查了考生平时练习新闻英语听力的成果。任何一方既可以用neitherside（后跟“放弃”的表达），也可以用eitherside（后跟“不肯放弃”的表达），而立场的表达较多，可用standpoint,position,ground,stance等，所搭配的动词也不尽相同。84.Thepillscouldhavecuredthecancerpatient(本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的),buthedidn’tfollowthedoctor’sadviceandtakethemregularly.解析：等到本题虚拟语气的用法并不令人惊讶，这是历年六级考试中出现频率最多的考点之一，而治愈则用动词cure。heal更侧重于康复，愈合之意。85.Itisreallykindofyoutogivemesomuchhelp（你真好，给了我那么多帮助）；Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.解析：本题令人欣喜，因为对于itiskindofsb.todosth.的句法，绝大多数考生都烂熟于胸，而趋于口语的整句意思，也可轻易补全空格内容。86.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyearsbeforetheywereabletoreunite（他们才得以重聚）解析：本题考查before的上下文语境用法。除去“在…之前”的意思外，A从句+before+B从句还能理解为A，B两事先后发生，即A之后，B接着发生。原句意为“三十年之后，他们才得以重聚”。如采用汉译英中的动词转名词的技巧，则可回答beforetheirreunion。118