2008年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题与答案

2008年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题与答案

2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题08年12月CET4试题PartIWriting作文题目：LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义PartIIReadingcomprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestion1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.That'senough,kidsItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground."I'dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe'dshoved."shesays,"Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,'No,wedon'tpush.'"Whathappenednextwasunexpected."Theboy'smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark."Stellasays."Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologise,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefor'discipliningherchild'.AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviourwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?"Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople'schildrenhasbecomeaminefieldInmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister'shouseit'sencouraged.Forher,it'saboutkidsbeingkids:"Ifyoucan'tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?"Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt'shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying"no"alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That'sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou'retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances."Kidsaren'tallraisedthesame."agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity."Butthere'sstillanideathatthey'rethepropertyoftheparents.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou'resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat'ssomehowacriticismofme."Inthosecircumstances,it'sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought."I'dgotothefirst."saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids,"Usuallyaquietreminderthat'18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题wedon'tdothathere'isenough.Kidshavefinelytunedantennae(直觉）forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings."Hepointsoutthatbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst."Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey'rethereandaskthemtodealwithit."shesays.****howtoapproachaparentinthissituation.PsychologistMeredithFulleranswers:"Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:'Iknowyou'llthinkI'msillybutinmyhouseIdon'twant...'"Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou'reearingforanotherchild.Whiteisstraightforward:"Commonsensemuseprevail.Ifthingsdon'tgowellthenhaveachat."There'reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate."Nowyoucan'tdoitwithoutfeelinguneasyaboutit."Whitesays.Menmightalsofeeluneasyaboutdealingwithotherpeople'schildren."Menfeelnervous,"Whitesays."Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren."ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centridnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone."Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday'sparentsweregrowingup,"hesays."Adultsarescaredofsaying,'Don'tswear',oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They'reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout-eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents."Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferfromitasmuchaschildren.MeredithFulleragrees,"Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou'relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.""It'saboutwhatI'mdoinganwhatIneed,"AndrewFullersays."Thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,'Igotintotrouble',anddadsaid,'Youprobablydeservedit',areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers."Thisjumpingtoourchildren'sdefenceispartofwhatfuelsthe"walkingoneggshells"feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople'schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate（劝诫）withthechild,you'regoingtohavetodealwiththeparents.It'sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?"Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,"Whitesays."Isuspectthatit'sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool-better0educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved."Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbechallenged."Todaywehaveasituationwhere,inmanyfamilies,bothparentswork,sotheamountoftimechildrengetfromparentshasdiminished,"shesays."Also,sometimeswhenwetalkaboutbeingchild-centred,it'sawayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities(商品).We'recentredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudor,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren."Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi'sintervention(干预）onherson;sbehalfendedinan18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题undignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy'smother.AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe'dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand."Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforhadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged."AndrewFullerdoesn'tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople'skids."Lookatkidsthataren'tyourownasapotentialminefield."hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon'tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy'smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?A)Makeanapology.C)Disciplineherownboy.B)Comeovertointervene.D)Takeherownboyaway.2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople'schildren?A)It'simportantnottohurttheminanyway.B)It'snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoing.C)It'sadvisabletotreatthemasone'sownkids.D)It'spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble.3.AccordingtoProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity,whenone'skidsarecriticised,theirparentswillprobablyfeel___________.A)discouragedC)puzzledB)hurtD)overwhelmed4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople'skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewFuller?A)Talktothemdirectlyinamildway.C)Simplyleavethemalone.B)Complaintotheirparentspolitely.D)Punishthemlightly.5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,___________.A)parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthemB)peoplethinkitimpropertocriticisekidsinpublicC)peoplearereluctanttopointoutkid'swrongdoingsD)manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids6.Inawordwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,_________.A)it'seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatientB)it'sdifficulttocreateacodeofconductC)it'simportanttobefriendlytoeverybodyD)it'shardforpeopletoadmireeachother7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?A)They'dquestiontheteachers.C)They'dtellthekidstocalmdown.B)They'dchargeuptotheschool.D)They'dputtheblameontheirkids.18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题6.ProfessorWhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbe__________.7.AccordingtoProfessorWhite,today'sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingthey_________.8.AndrewFullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnot________.PartIIIListeningComprehensionDirection:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversation.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwas...Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。9.A)Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.B)Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.C)Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.D)Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.10.A)Apainter.C)Aporter.B)Amechanic.D)Acarpenter.11.A)Lookforaplacenearheroffice.C)Makeinquirieselsewhere.B)Findanewjobdownthestreet.D)Rentthe$600apartment.12.A)Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist.B)Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently.C)Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.D)HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.13.A)Thewomanpossessesanaturaltalentforart.B)Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen.C)Heisn'tgoodatabstractthinking.D)Hedoesn'tlikeabstractpaintings.14.A)Shecouldn'thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary.B)Shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题C)Sheshouldhavemadecarefulnoteswhiledoingreading.D)Sheshouldn'thavereadhisnoteswithouthisknowingit.6.A)Shewantstogetsomesleep.C)Shehasaliteratureclasstoattend.B)Sheneedstimetowriteapaper.D)Sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem.7.A)Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob.B)Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.C)Itisn'teasytofindaqualifiedsalesmanager.D)Theinterviewdidn'tgoaswellasheexpected.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly.B)Hecanrenewcontactwithhisoldfriends.C)Hecanconcentrateonhisownprojects.D)Hecanlearntodoadministrativework.9.A)Readingitsadsinthenewspapers.B)Callingitspersonneldepartment.C)Contactingitsmanager.D)Searchingitswebsite.10.A)Tocutdownitsproductionexpenses.B)Tosolvetheproblemofstaffshortage.C)Toimproveitsadministrativeefficiency.D)Toutilizeitsretiredemployees'resources.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11.A)Buyatractor.B)Fixahouse.C)Seeapieceofproperty.D)Signabusinesscontract.12.A)Itisonlyfortymilesfromwheretheylive.B)Itisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse.C)Itwasboughtatapricelowerthanexpected.D)Ithasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.13.A)Growingpotatoeswillinvolvelesslabor.B)Itssoilmaynotbeverysuitableforcorn.C)Itmaynotbebigenoughforraisingcorn.D)Raisingpotatoeswillbemoreprofitable.18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题6.A)Finances.C)Equipment.B)Labor.D)Profits.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,you'llhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassages,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.7.A)Tointroducethechiefofthecity'spoliceforce.B)Tocommentonatalkbyadistinguishedguest.C)Toaddresstheissueofcommunitysecurity.D)Toexplainthefunctionsofthecitycouncil.8.A)Hehasdistinguishedhimselfincitymanagement.B)HeisheadoftheInternationalPoliceForce.C)Hecompletedhishighereducationabroad.D)Heholdsamaster'sdegreeincriminology.9.A)Tocoordinateworkamongpolicedepartments.B)Togetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeople.C)Tohelptheresidentsintimesofemergency.D)Toenablethepolicetotakepromptaction.10.A)Popular.C)Effective.B)Discouraging.D)Controversial.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Peoplediffergreatlyintheirabilitytocommunicate.B)Therearenumerouslanguagesinexistence.C)Mostpubliclanguagesareinherentlyvague.D)Biggapsexistbetweenprivateandpubliclanguages.12.A)Itisasignofhumanintelligence.B)Itimproveswithconstantpractice.C)Itissomethingwearebornwith.18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题D)Itvariesfrompersontoperson.6.A)Howprivatelanguagesaredeveloped.B)Howdifferentlanguagesarerelated.C)Howpeoplecreatetheirlanguages.D)Howchildrenlearntouselanguage.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.7.A)ShewasatailorB)Shewasanengineer.C)Shewasaneducator.D)Shewasapublicspeaker.8.A)Basingthemonscience-fictionmovies.B)Includinginterestingexamplesinthem.C)Adjustingthemtodifferentaudiences.D)Focusingonthelatestprogressinspacescience.9.A)Whetherspacemencarryweapons.B)Howspacesuitsprotectspacemen.C)HowNASAtrainsitsspacemen.D)Whatspacemeneatanddrink.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,vouwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarereqiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Crimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethe(36)_______willcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.Crimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulticultural,industrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates,butanew(37)__________hasappearedontheworld(38)_________---rapidlyrisingcrimeratesinnationsthatpreviouslyreportedfew(39)_________.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape,(40)___________,andautotheftareclearlyrising,(41)____________ineastemEuropeancountriessuchasHungaryandinwesternEuropeannationssuchastheUnitedkingdom.18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题Whatisdirvingthiscrime(42)_________?Thesearenosimpleanswers.Still,therearecertainconditions(43)____________withrisingcrime;increasingheterogeneity(混杂)ofpopulations,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernments,(44)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Theseconditionsareincreasinglyobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogeneous(同种类的),suchasJapan,Denmark,andGreece,(45)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthetwenty-firstcentury,and(46)________________PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readingthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural47______forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn48______tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto49______fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthethemindandspirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha50______ofhumanexperiencesandcometo51______otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile52______theirownrelationshipsandresponsestoreadersoftenfindthatthe53______intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.Booksprovide54______materialforreaders'imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books55______theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure56______.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders'bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)abundantI)establishingB)charactersJ)narrowC)communicatingK)naturallyD)completelyL)personnelE)deriveM)properlyF)desireN)respectG)diversityO）widenH)escape18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyou’reamaleandyou’rereadingthis,congratulations:you’reasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics,you’remorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,you’lldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.There’remanyreasonsforthis---typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomenandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmoke—butperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.“menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta.“thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”Gullottasayahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmanwhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.“whenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer,”hesays.“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhimbutitwouldhaveprolongedhislife.”Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.“Alotofmenthinkthey’reinvincible(不可战胜的),”Gullattasays.“theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink,’Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,……’”Thenthere’stheostrichapproach.”Somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.“mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Garmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Regularcheck-usformenwouldinevitablylacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.“butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthedisease.Besides,theultimate18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题costisfargreater:it’scalledprematuredeath.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答57．Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?A)TheyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestodayB）TheiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextendedC)TheyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticleD)Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlife58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A)mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomenB)mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenC)menaren’tascautiousaswomeninfaceofdangerD)menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldisease59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence“Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,...”(line2,para.8)A)itcouldhappentome,tooB）IshouldavoidplayinggolfC)IshouldconsidermyselfluckyD)itwouldbeabigmisfortune60.whatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach“(Line1,Para9)A)Acauseattitudetowardsone’shealthconditionsB)AnewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsC)RefusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolvedD)Unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear61.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?A)TheymayincreasepublicexpenseB)TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunC)TheymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmenD)TheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomenPassagetwoQuestion62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.High-qualitycustomerserviceispreachedbymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandone.Shoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore,butinsteadwillalerttheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangersandanyonewhowilllisten.Storemanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaints,andoftenfindoutonlywhentheir18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题regularcustomersdecidetofrequenttheircompetitors,accordingtostudyjointlyconductedbyVerdeGroupandWhartonSchool.“storytellinghurtsretailersandentertainsconsumers”saidPaulaCourtney,PresidentoftheVerdeGroup.“Thestorelosersthecustomer,buttheshoppermustalsofindareplacement”Onaverage,everyunhappycustomerwillcomplaintoatleastfourothers,andwillnolongervisitthespecificstore.Foreverydissatisfiedcustomer,astorewillloseuptothreemoreduetonegativereviews.Theresulting“snowballeffect”canbedisastroustoretailers.Accordingtotheresearch,shopperwhopurchasedclothingencounteredthemostproblemRankedsecondandthirdweregroceryandelectronicscustomers.Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglots,clutteredshelvesoverloadedracks,out-of-stockitems,longcheck-outlines,andrudesalespeople.Duringpeakshoppinghours,someretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlighting(业余兼职的)localpolicetoworkasparkingattendants.Somehiredflagwaverstodirectcustomerstoemptyparkingspaces.Thisguidanceeliminatedtheneedforcustomerstocircletheparkinglotendlessly,andavoidedconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthesameparkingspace.Retailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstorelayouts,pre-stockingsalesitems,hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers,andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestion.Mostimportantly,salespeopleshouldbediplomaticandpolitewithangrycustomers.“Retailerswho’erresponsiveandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmoothoverissuesthanthosewhoaren’tsofriendly,“saidprofessorStephenHoch.”Maybesomethingassimpleasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.“Customerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfilingcomplaintstotheretailer,insteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworld.Retailersarehard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhacenoideawhatiswrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62.Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints?A)Mostcustomerswon’tbothertocomplaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.B)Customerswouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.C)FewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimprovedD)customershavenoeasyaccesstostoremanagers63.whatdoesPaulaCourtneyimplybysaying”...theshoppermustalsofindareplacement”(Line2,Pra.4)A)NewcustomersareboundtoreplaceoldonesB)Itisnotlikelytheshoppercanfindthesameproductsonoterstores.C)MoststoresprovidethesamekindofserviceD)Notcomplainingtothemanagercausetheshoppersometroubletoo.64.Shopownersoftenhiremoonlightingpoliceasparkingattendantssothatshopper___.A)canstaylongerbrowsinginthestore18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题B)won’thavetroubleparkingtheircarsC)won’thaveanyworriesaboutsecurityD)canfindtheircarseasilyaftershopping65.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers?A)MannersofthesalespeopleB)HiringofefficientemployeesC)HugesupplyofgoodsforsaleD)Designofstorelayout66.Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,customersareadvisedto___A)exertpressureonstoretoimprovetheirserviceB)settletheirdisputeswithstoresinadiplomaticwayC)voicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectlyD)shoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstoresPartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassages.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassages.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答PlayingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagerstakethemforgranted.Thisisespeciallytrue_67___childrenfromfamiliesandcommunitiesthathavetheresourcesneededtoorganizeand_68_sportsprogramsandmakesurethatthereiseasy__69__toparticipationopportunities.Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesare__70__likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften__71__theresourcesneededtopayforparticipation__72__equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames__73__theircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand__74__sportsfieldsandfacilities.Organizedyouthsports__75__appearedduringtheearly20thcenturyintheUnitedStatesandotherwealthynations.Theywereoriginallydeveloped__76__someeducatoranddevelopmentalexperts__77__thatthebehaviorandcharacterofchildrenwere__78__influencedbytheirsocialsurroundingsandeverydayexperiences.This__79__manypeopletobelievethatifyoucouldorganizetheexperiencesofchildrenin__80__ways,youcouldinfluencethekindsofadultsthatthosechildrenwouldbecome.Thisbeliefthatthesocial__81__inluencedaperson’soveralldevelopmentwasvery__82__topeopleinterestedinprogressandreformintheUnitedStates__83__thebeginningofthe20thcentury.Itcausedthemtothinkabout__84__theymightcontroltheexperiencesofchildrento__85__responsibleandproductiveadults.Theybelievedstronglythatdemocracydependedonresponsibilityandthata__86__capitalisteconomydependedontheproductivityofworks.18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题67.A)amongB)withinC)onD)towards68.A)spreadB)speedC)spurD)sponsor69.A)accessB)entranceC)chanceD)route70.A)littleB)lessC)moreD)much71.A)shrinkB)tightenC)limitD)lack72.A)billB)accountsC)feesD)fare73.A)soB)asC)andD)but74.A)maintainB)containC)sustainD)entertain75.A)lastB)firstC)laterD)finally76.A)beforeB)whileC)untilD)when77.A)realizedB)recalledC)expectedD)exhibited78.A)specificallyB)excessivelyC)stronglyD)exactly79.A)movedB)conductedC)putD)led80.A)preciseB)preciousC)particularD)peculiar81.A)engagementB)environmentC)stateD)status82.A)encouragingB)disappointingC)upsettingD)surprising83.A)forB)withC)overD)at84.A)whatB)howC)whateverD)however85.A)multiplyB)manufactureC)produceD)provide86.A)growingB)breedingC)raisingD)flyingPartVITranslatiion(5minutes)注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems______________(他们至今还没有答案)88._________(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou________(以防天气变冷)。90.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand________(决定自己创业)。91.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown____________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)。18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题参考答案复合式听写Crimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethetrendwillcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.CrimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulticulturalindustrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates.Butanewphenomenonhasappearedontheworldscene,rapidlyrisingcrimeratesinnationsthatpreviouslyreportedfewoffenses.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape,murderandautotheftareclearlyrising,particularlyineasternEuropeancountriessuchasHungaryandinwesternEuropeannationssuchastheUnitedKingdom.Whatisdrivingthiscrimeexplosion?Therearenosimpleanswers.Still,there’recertainconditionsassociatedwithrisingcrime.Increasingheterogeneityofpopulations,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernments,changingnationalborders,greatereconomicgrowth,andthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrong.Theseconditionsareincreasingobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogeneoussuchasJapan,Denmark,andGreecearenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeencommoninAmericaformostofitshistory.Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthe21stcentury,andfailuretorecognizeand18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题planforsuchdiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblems.11.D.Shehaslostcontactwithmostofherfriends12.A.Apainter13.C.Makeinquirieselsewhere14.C.Hehasgainedsomeweightlately15.Dhedoesn'tlikeabstractpaintings16.Bshemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals17.Ashewantstogetsomesleep18.Bhischanceofgettingthejobisslim19.A.hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly20.D.searchingthewebsite21D.toutilizeitsretiredemployees'resources22.C.Seeapieceofproperty23.BItisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse24.C.itmaynotbebigenoughforraisingcorn25.A.Finance26.A.tointroducethechiefofthecity'spoliceforce27.Dheholdsamaster'sdegreeincriminology28.B.togetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeople29.C.effective30.B.therearenumerouslanguagesinexistence31.Citissomethingwearebornwith32.Dhowchildrenlearntouselanguage33.Bshewasanengineer34.C.adjustingthemtodifferentaudience35.Awhetherspacemencarryweapons36.trend37.phenomenon38scene39offences40murder41particularly42explosion43Associated44.changingnationalboarders,greatereconomicgrowthandthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrong45.arenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeenaccompaniedAmericansformostofitshistory.18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题46.failuretorecognizeandplanfordiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblems.选词填空A卷答案：47.F)derive48.K)naturally49.H)escape50.G)diversity51.N)respect52.I)establishing53.B)characters54.A)abundant55.O)widen56.C)communicating阅读A卷答案：P1男人面对的身体危机更多57.C他们获得足够长以读到这篇文章58.B男人没有像女人那样经常去寻求医疗救治59.A这时也会发生在我身上60.D因为害怕而不愿意知道自己的病情61.B可以省钱P2商家与各科的矛盾关系62.A当他们有不愉快经历时，大多数顾客不会费力去投诉63.D不向经理投诉同样会带给顾客麻烦64.B不会在停车时遇到麻烦65.销售员的礼貌66.直接把他们的不满告诉商店经理完型A卷答案：67.A)among68.D)sponsor69.A)access70.B)less71.D)lack72.C)fees73.C)and74.A)maintain75.B)first76.D)when77.A)realized78.C)strongly79.D)led18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题80.C)particular81.B)environment82.A)encouraging83.D)at84.B)how85.C)produce86.A)growing翻译A卷答案：87.towhichtheystillhavenoanswerstoday.88.whatmostparentsareconcernedabout.89.incaseoftemperaturedrop.90.decidedtostarttheirownbusiness.91.untiladoctorfounditbychance.快速阅读1.Amakeanapology.对应原文第7行Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologise2.DIt’spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble对应原文第10行Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield,其中minefield指的是雷区，表明比较难于处理的问题3.Bhurt对应原文第一页倒数第10行thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme4.ATalktothemdirectlyinamildway.对应原文第一页倒数第6行usuallyaquietreminderthat“wedon’tdothathere”isenough.5.Cpeoplearereluctanttopointoutkid’swrongdoings.此题难度较大，需要阅读中跳跃的范围较大，要直接跳到原文第二页的第10行ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone,“Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup.6.BIt’sdifficulttocreateacodeofconduct.对应原文第二页第16行7.DThey’dputtheblameontheirkids对应原文第二页20行“Igotintotrouble”,anddadsaid,“Youprobablydeservedit.”8.challenged9.canbeproudof10.staysilent写作LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义DisposableplasticbagswereoncewidelyusedinChina.Whenwewentshoppingatsupermarketsanddepartmentsstores,shoppingassistantsoftenprovidedfreeplasticbagsforourconvenience.Forawhile,lifewithoutthemseemedunimaginableformostofus.However,disposableplasticbagsdobringseveredamagetoourenvironment.Costumersusuallythrewthemawayafteruse,andbecausetheyarethinandhardtodecompose,theseplastic18n2008年12月大学英语四级真题试题productswillexistforalongtime.Thisisanimmediatethreattoourearthandwater.Nowadays,thegovernmenthaspassedrelevantregulationsforlimitingtheuseofdisposableplasticbags:theyarenotfreeanymore.Insomeshoppingplaces,inordertoinvokethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,plasticbagsareofferedinamuchhigherprice.Asaresult,peoplearechangingtheirbehavior:paperandclothingbagsthatvanishedforalongtimecomebacktoourdailylife.Itistruethatbylimitingitsusage,everyoneinthissocietycontributessomeefforttotheimprovementoftheenvironment.（北京新东方提供）18