0Wdndo07年到09年大学英语四级考试试卷及答案(总共4套

0Wdndo07年到09年大学英语四级考试试卷及答案(总共4套

生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。－－泰戈尔2007年12月22日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试题B卷　　PartIWriting(30minutes)　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　UniversitiesBranchOut　　Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.　　Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcourseofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.　　Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.　　Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinthesummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.n　　Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.　　Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.　　Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.　　Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago,inthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandthebusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandreversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.　　MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。　　1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent-dayuniversitieshavebecome________.　　A)morepopularizedthaneverbefore　　B)in-servicetrainingorganizations　　C)apowerfulforceforglobalintegrationn　　D)moreandmoreresearch-oriented　　2.Overthepastdecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased________.　　A)atanannualrateof8percent　　B)atanannualrateof3.9percent　　C)by800,000　　D)by2.5million　　3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?　　A)38%　　B)10%　　C)30%　　D)20%　　4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?　　A)Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.　　B)TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram.　　C)Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics.　　D)Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy.　　5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationis________.　　A)Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld　　B)Yale’sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutions　　C)Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojects　　D)Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch.　　6.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?　　A)ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompany.　　B)ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.　　C)ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup.　　D)IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.　　7.WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?n　　A)Ithasincreasedby3percent.　　B)Itdoubledbetween1998and2003.　　C)Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.　　D)Ithasbeenmorethansufficient.　　8.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.S.afterSeptember11wascausedby________.　　9.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetitivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill________.　　10.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand________.　　PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.　　B)Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.　　C)Shewaspopularamongboys.　　D)Shewassomewhatoverweight.　　12.A)Attheairport.　　B)Atthehotelreception.　　C)Inarestaurant.　　D)Inabookingoffice.　　13.A)Havingconfidenceinherson.　　B)Tellinghersonnottoworry.　　C)Teachinghersonbyherself.　　D)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.　　14.A)Haveashortbreak.n　　B)Taketwoweeksoff.　　C)Goonvacationwiththeman.　　D)Continueherworkoutdoors.　　15.A)Heistakingcareofhistwinbrother.　　B)HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth.　　C)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.　　D)Hehasbeenfeelingillallweek.　　16.A)SheboughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.　　B)Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.　　C)Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.　　D)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.　　17.A)Thewomanforgotleadingthebooktotheman.　　B)Thewomandoesn’tfindthebookusefulanymore.　　C)Thewomandoesn’tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.　　D)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn’treturnthebook.　　18.A)Mostoftheman’sfriendsareathletes.　　B)Themandoesn’tlooklikeasportsman.　　C)Fewpeoplesharethewoman’sopinion.　　D)Thewomandoubtstheman’sathleticability.　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A)Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.　　B)Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.　　C)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.　　D)shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.　　20.A)Itwillcostheralot.　　B)Itwilllastoneweek.　　C)Itendsinwinter.n　　D)Itdependsontheweather.　　21.A)Thereisalotofstufftopack.　　B)Theremightbeatrafficjam.　　C)Theplaneistakingoffsoon.　　D)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.　　22.A)Athome.　　B)Intheman’scar.　　C)Bythesideofataxi.　　D)Attheairport.　　Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.A)Sheisthirstyforpromotion.　　B)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.　　C)Shewantsamuchhighersalary.　　D)Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.　　24.A)Languageinstructor.　　B)Environmentalengineer.　　C)Translator.　　D)Travelagent.　　25.A)Devotionandworkefficiency.　　B)Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.　　C)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.　　D)Educationandexperience.　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　PassageOnen　　Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.A)Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.　　B)Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.　　C)Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.　　D)Theycarealotaboutchildren.　　27.A)Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.　　B)Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.　　C)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret.　　D)Theiradoptiveparentsdon’twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.　　28.A)Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.　　B)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.　　C)Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.　　D)Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.　　29.A)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.　　B)Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.　　C)Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.　　D)Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.　　PassageTwo　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.A)Hesufferedfrommentalillness.　　B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.　　C)Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.　　D)Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.　　31.A)Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.　　B)ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.　　C)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.　　D)Shetookoverherfather’spositionwhenhedied.n　　32.A)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.　　B)Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.　　C)AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.　　D)KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans’mind.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.A)It’llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltreatment.　　B)It’llpreventthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.　　C)It’llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.　　D)It’llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.　　34.A)Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.　　B)Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.　　C)Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.　　D)Theycan’timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.　　35.A)Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.　　B)Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.　　C)Theyneedn’tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.　　D)Theydon’thavetopayforthemedicalservices.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Moreandmoreoftheworld’spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis(36)__________.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountries(37)________twoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.　　The(38)__________sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsovery(39)__________signsoftroubleinthe(40)__________ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesnofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEuropethe(41)__________ofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatofthe(42)__________workinginfactories.Now,however,the(43)__________isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrialisedworld:(44)__________________________________________________________.　　Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannotpayfortheirgrowth;(45)__________________________________________________________.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorotherfacilities.(46)__________________________________________________________,agrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingchildren.　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Aswarspreadstomanycornersoftheglobe,childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation__47__.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe__48__ofpeacemakers.TheChildren’sMovementforPeaceinColombiawasevennominated(提名)fortheNobelPeacePrizein1998.groupsofchildren__49__aspeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsandpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownasTheSchoolsofPeace.　　Theclassroom__50__opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith__51__,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep__52__towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare__53__usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand__54__onstartingaKindnessCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren’srightsandhowtohelpthe__55__ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassandonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsandideallyaffectthecultureofthe__56__school.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)victimsI)forwardB)technologyJ)especiallyC)roleK)entireD)respectivelyL)cooperativeE)projectsM)comprehensiveF)offersN)assumingG)informationO)actingH)images　　SectionBn　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear.　　AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontests,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressureoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.　　Arevelation(启示)camelastweekwhenIaskedher,“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”shereplied,“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”　　Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously(自发地)toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.　　Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting(借用)mydaughter’sexperience.　　Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?　　A)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren’stimenowadays.　　B)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.　　C)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.　　D)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.　　58.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?　　A)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.　　B)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.n　　C)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.　　D)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.　　59.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?　　A)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.　　B)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.　　C)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.　　D)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.　　60.Theauthortookgreatpainstorefineherdaughter’sstoriesbecause________.　　A)shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamsofbecomingawriter　　B)shewasafraidRebecca’simaginationmightrunwildwhilewriting　　C)shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuch　　D)shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance　　61.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?　　A)Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinions.　　B)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein.　　C)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.　　D)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.　　PassageTwo　　Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloseto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’theardoftheUniversityofPhoenix.Itgrantsdegreesentirelyonthebasisofonlineinstruction.Itenrolls90,000students,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.　　Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructorspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignment,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.　　Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutrateforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthensetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.　　Clearly,fromtheschools’perspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themoreschoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots.And,whilethere’sevidencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,theywon’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　62.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?　　A)Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus.　　B)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.　　C)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.　　D)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.　　63.Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby________.　　A)aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstruction　　B)aconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirements　　C)thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgrounds　　D)thecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors　　64.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan________.　　A)saveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpenses　　B)selectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversities　　C)workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever　　D)earntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffort　　65.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?　　A)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.　　B)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.　　C)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.　　D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.n　　66.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof________.　　A)buildinguptheirreputation　　B)upgradingtheirteachingfacilities　　C)providingconvenienceforstudents　　D)cuttingdownontheirexpenses　　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined__67__atemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizedandnottied__68__anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe__69__fromemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,__70__tospecificcircumstances,andoftenconscious.__71__onesense,theeffectofaconsumer’smoodcanbethoughtofin__72__thesamewayascanourreactionstothe__73__ofourfriends—whenourfriendsarehappyand“up”,thattrendstoinfluenceuspositively,__74__whentheyare“down”,thatcanhavea__75__impactonus.Similarly,consumersoperatingundera__76__moodstatetendtoreacttostimuli(刺激因素)inadirection__77__withthatmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee__78__inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa__79__mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate.__80__,moodstatesappearcapableof__81__aconsumer’smemory.　　Moodsappeartobe__82__influencedbymarketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,and__83__ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluencebehaviorsuchasthe__84__oftimespentinsupermarketsor__85__topurchaseproducts.Inaddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’moodswhich,in__86__,arecapableofinfluencingconsumer’reactionstoproducts.　　67.A)with　　B)about　　C)as　　D)by　　68.A)up　　B)to　　C)under　　D)over　　69.A)divided　　B)derivedn　　C)descended　　D)distinguished　　70.A)referred　　B)related　　C)attached　　D)associated　　71.A)In　　B)On　　C)By　　D)Of　　72.A)thus　　B)still　　C)much　　D)even　　73.A)behavior　　B)gesture　　C)signal　　D)view　　74.A)for　　B)provided　　C)unless　　D)but　　75.A)relative　　B)negative　　C)sensitive　　D)decisive　　76.A)fixedn　　B)granted　　C)given　　D)driven　　77.A)insistent　　B)resistant　　C)persistent　　D)consistent　　78.A)retailers　　B)consumers　　C)businessmen　　D)manufacturers　　79.A)casual　　B)serious　　C)favorable　　D)critical　　80.A)Moreover　　B)However　　C)Nevertheless　　D)Otherwise　　81.A)lifting　　B)raising　　C)cultivating　　D)enhancing　　82.A)rarely　　B)readily　　C)currently　　D)cautiouslyn　　83.A)volume　　B)speed　　C)step　　D)band　　84.A)extent　　B)scope　　C)amount　　D)range　　85.A)capacities　　B)facilities　　C)intentions　　D)reflections　　86.A)turn　　B)depth　　C)total　　D)detail　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　87.________________________(多亏了一系列的新发明),doctorsandtreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.　　88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat________________________(我比以前更容易累了).　　89.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,________________________(无论我要付出什么样的牺牲).　　90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause________________________(它更加方便和省时).　　91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife________________________(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.以下答案为A卷答案。B卷答案选项内容和A卷是一样的，只是题目顺序不一样，大家可以根据论坛上发布的B卷卷子核对一下。n　　快速阅读　　1.D)apowerfulforceforglobalintegration　　2.C)atanannualrateof3.9percent　　3.B)20%　　4.D)Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship　　5.A)Yale'scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch　　6.C)ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.　　7.B)Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.　　8.changesinthevisaprocess　　9.taketheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome　　10.strengthenthenation　　听力　　11.C)Shewassomewhatoverweight　　12.D)Atahotelreception　　13.B)Havingconfidenceinherson　　14.A)Haveashortbreak　　15.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition　　16.B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse　　17.D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman　　18.C)Themandoesn'tlooklikeasportsman　　19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.　　20.C)Itwilllastoneweek.　　21.B)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.　　22.A)Athome.　　23.C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.　　24.A)Translator.　　25.D)Educationandexperience.n　　26.A)Theycarealotaboutchildren.　　27.B)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret.　　28.C)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.　　29.D)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.　　30.B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.　　31.A)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.Spublishingcompany.　　32.D)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.　　33.C)It'llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.　　34.A)Theycan'timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.　　35.B)Theyneedn'tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.　　听写　　36.alarming　　37.increased　　38.sheer　　39.disturbing　　40.comparison　　41.proportion　　42.workforce　　43.reverse　　44.Thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.　　45.Thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,letalonethenewarrivals.　　46.Sothefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcitiesrepresentproportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment　　阅读SectionA　　47.K.projects　　48.M.role　　49.A.actingn　　50.J.offers　　51.D.cooperative　　52.G.forward　　53.F.especially　　54.I.information　　55.O.victims　　56.E.entire.　　阅读SectionB　　阅读标红的为争议题，老丁的答案必定最权威。　　57.A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.　　58.C)aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstruction.　　59.D)workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever.　　60.C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.　　61.B)cuttingdownontheirexpenses.　　62.D)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren'stimenowadays.　　63.B)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.　　64.C)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.　　65.A)shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance　　66.B)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.　　完型　　67)Aas　　68)Cto　　69)Ddistinguished　　70)Arelated　　71)CIn　　72)Bmuch　　73)Dbehaviorn　　74)Bbut　　75)Cnegative　　76)Agiven　　77)Dconsistent　　78)Aconsumers　　79)Dfavorable　　80)CMoreover　　81)Benhancing　　82)Areadily　　83)Dvolume　　84)Bamount　　85)Dintentions　　86)Aturn　　翻译　　87.Thankstoaseriesofnewinventions　　88.Iammoreinclinedtogettiredthanbefore　　89.nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIwillmake　　90.theformerismoreconvenientandtime-saving/itismore....　　91.ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanborrow　　2008年6月大学英语四级考试A卷真题　　一.写作部分(9：00-9：30)　　PartⅠWriting(30minutes)n　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteALetterofApologyaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.　　1.娱乐活动多种多样　　2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性　　3.作为大学生，我的看法。　　二.快速阅读(9：30-9：45)　　MediaSelectionforAdvertisements　　Afterdeterminingthetargetaudienceforaproductorservice,advertisingagenciesmustselecttheappropriatemediafortheadvertisement.Wediscussherethemajortypesofmediausedinadvertising.Wefocusourattentiononseventypesofadvertising:television,newspapers,radio,magazines,out-of-home.Internet,anddirectmail.　　Television　　Televisionisanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.Televisionprovidesanidealvehicleforthistypeofcommunication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit.　　Television'sinfluenceonadvertisingisfourfold.First,narrowcastingmeansthattelevisionchannelsareseenbyanincreasinglynarrowsegmentoftheaudience.TheGolfChannel,forinstance.　　iswatchedbypeoplewhoplaygolf.HomeandGardenTelevisionisseenbythoseinterestedinhouseholdimprovementprojects.Thus,audiencesaresmallerandmorehomogeneous(具有共同特点的)thantheyhavebeeninthepast.Second,thereisanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionchannelsavailabletoviewers,andthus,advertisers.Thishasalsoresultedinanincreaseinthesheernumberofadvertisementstowhichaudiencesareexposed.Third,digitalrecordingdevicesallowaudiencemembersmorecontroloverwhichcommercialstheywatch.Fourth,controloverprogrammingisbeingpassedfromthenetworkstolocalcableoperatorsandsatelliteprogrammers.　　Newspaper?　　Aftertelevision,themediumattractingthenextlargestannualadrevenueisnewspapers.TheNewYorkTimes,whichreachesanationalaudience,accountsfor$1billioninadrevenuenannually,iimincreaseditsnationalcirculation(发行量)by40%andisnowavailableforhomedeliveryinionciues.Locally,newspapersarethelargestadvertisingmedium.　　Newspapersarealessexpensiveadvertisingmediumthantelevisionandprovideawayforadvertiserstocommunicatealonger.moredetailedmessagetotheiraudiencethantheycanthrough48hours,meaningnewspapersarealsoaquickwayofgettingthemassageout.Newspapersareofenthemostimportantformofnewsforalocalcommunity,andtheydevelopahighdegreeofloyaltyfromlocalreader.　　Radio　　AdvertisingonradiocontinuestogrowRadioisoftenusedinconjunctionwithoutdoorbill-boards(广告牌)andiheInternettoreachevenmorecustomersthantelevision.Advertisersarelikelytouseradiobecauseitisalessexpensivemediumthantelevision,whichmeansadvertiserscanaffordtorepealtheiradsoften.Internetcompaniesarealsoturning10radioadvertising.Radioprovidesawayforadvertiserstocommunicatewithaudiencemembersatalltimesoftheday.Consumerslistentoradioontheirwaytoschoolorwork,atwork,onthewayhome,andintheeveninghours.　　Twomajorchanges—satelliteandInternetradio—willforceradioadvertiserstoadapttheirmethods.Bothoftheseradioformsallowlistenerstotuneinstationsthataremoredistantthanthe　　localstationstheycouldreceiveinthepast.Asaresult,radiowillincreasinglyattracttargetaudienceswholivemanymilesapart.　　Magazines　　Newsweeklies,women’stitles,andbusinessmagazineshaveallseenincreasesinadvertisingbecausetheyattractthehigh-endmarket,magazinesarepopularwithadvertisersbecauseofthenarrowmarketthattheydeliver.Abroadcastmediumsuchasnetworktelevisionattractsalltypesofaudiencemembers,butmagazineaudiencesaremorehomogeneous,ifyoureadsportsillustrated,forexample,youhavemuchincommonwiththemagazine’sotherreaders.Advertisersseemagazinesasanefficientwayofreachingtargetaudiencemembers.　　Advertiserusingtheprintmedia-magazinesandnewspapers-willneedtoadapttotwomainchanges.First,theinternetwillbringlargeraudiencestolocalnewspapers,thesesecond.Advertiserswillhavetounderstandhowtouseanincreasingnumberofmagazinesfortheirtargetaudiences.Althoughsomemagazineswillmaintainnationalaudiences,alargenumberofmagazineswillentertainnarroweraudiences.　　Out-of-homeadvertising　　Out-of-homeadvertising.Alsocalledplace-basedadvertising,hasbecomeanincreasinglyeffectivewayofreachingconsumers,whoaremoreactivethaneverbefore.Manyconsumerstodayndonotsitathomeandwatchtelevision.Usingbillboards,newsstands,andbussheltersforadvertisingisaneffectivewayofreachingtheseon-the-goconsumers.Moreconsumerstravellongerdistancestoandfromwork,whichalsomakesout-of-homeadvertisingeffective,technologyhaschangedthenatureofthebillboardbusiness,makingitamoreeffectivemediumthaninthepast.　　Usingdigitalprinting,billboardcompaniescanprintabillboardin2hours,comparedwith6dayspreviously.Thisallowsadvertisersmorevarietyinthetypesofmessagestheycreatebecausethey.　　Canchangetheirmessagesmorequickly.　　Internet　　Asconsumersbecomemorecomfortablewithonlineshopping,advertiserswillseektoreachthismarketAsconsumersgetmoreoftheirnewsandinformationfromtheInternet,theabilityoftelevisionandradiotogetthewordouttoconsumerswilldecrease.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersIstocreateadsthataudiencemembersremember.　　Internetadvertisingwillplayamoreprominentroleinorganizations'advertisinginthenearftuture.Internetaudiencestendtobequitehomogeneous,butsmall.Advertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachtheseaudiencesandwillhavetoadapttheirpersuasivestrategiestotheonlinemediumaswell.　　Directmail　　Afinaladvertisingmediumisdirectmail,whichusesmailingstoconsumerstocommunicateaclient'smessageDirectmailincludesnewsletters.postcardsandspecialpromotions.Directmailisaneffectivewaytobuildrelationshipswithconsumers.Formanybusinesses.directmailisthemosteffectivefromofadvertising.　　1.Televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat_____________.　　A)ithaslargeaudiences　　B)itappealstohousewives　　C)ithelpsbuildupacompany'sreputation　　D)itisaffordabletomostadvertisers　　2.WiththeincreaseinthenumberofTVchannels_________.　　A)thecostofTVadvertisinghasdecreased　　B)thenuiflberofTVviewershasincreasedn　　C)advertisers'interestinothermediahasdecreased　　D)thenumberofTVadspeoplecanseehasincreased　　3.Comparedwithtelevision,newspapersasanadvertisingmedium_________________.　　A)earnalargerannualadrevenue　　B)conveymoredetailedmessages　　C)usemoreproductiontechniques　　D)getmessagesoutmoreeffectively　　4.Advertisingonradiocontinuestogrowbecause___________.　　A)morelocalradiostationshavebeensetup　　B)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertaining　　C)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumers　　D)ithasbeenrevolutionizedbyInternetradio.　　5.Magazinesareseenbyadvertisersasanefficientwayto___________.　　A)reachtargetaudiences　　B)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertainingC)appealtoeducatedpeople.　　D)conveyallkindsofmessages　　6.Oui-of-homeadvertisinghasbecomemoreeffectivebecause_______　　A)billboardscanbereplacedwithintwohours　　B)consumerstravelmorenoweverbefore　　C)suchadshavebeenmademuchmoreattractive　　D)thepaceofurbanlifeismuchfasternowadays　　7.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthatare___________.　　A)quicktoupdate　　B)pleasanttolookatn　　C)easytoremember　　D)convenienttoaccess　　8.Internetadvertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachaudiencesthattendtobe_____________　　9.Directmailisaneffecitiveformofadvertisingforbusinessestodevelop_________________________　　10.Thispassagediscusseshowadvertisersselect________________foradvertisements.　　注意：收答题卡一作文和快速阅读部分(9：45-10：00)　　三.听力部分(10：00-10：35)　　SectionA　　11.A)Givehisankleagoodrest.　　B)Treathisinjuryimmediately.　　C)Continuehisregularactivities.　　D)Becarefulwhenclimbingsteps.　　12.A)Onatrain.　　B)Onaplane.　　C)Inatheater.　　D)Inarestaurant.　　13.A)Atragicaccident.　　B)Afadoccasion　　C)Smith'sunusuallifestory.　　D)Smith'ssleepingproblem.　　14.A)Reviewthedetailsofallherlessons.　　B)Comparenoteswithhisclassmates.　　C)Talkwithherabouthislearningproblems.n　　D)Focusonthemainpointsofherlectures.　　15.A)Themanblamedthewomanforbeingcareless.　　B)Themanmisunderstoodthewoman'sapology.　　C)Thewomanofferedtopayfortheman'scoffee.　　D)Thewomanspiltcoffeeontheman'sjacket.　　16.A)Extremelytedious.　　B)Hardtounderstand.　　C)Lackingagootplot.　　D)Notworthseeingtwice.　　17.A)Attendingeverylecture.　　B)Doinglostsofhomework.　　C)Readingveryextensively.　　D)Usingtest-takingstrategies.　　18.A)ThedigitalTVsystemwillofferdifferentprograms.　　B)Heiseagertoseewhatthenewsystemislike.　　C)Hethinksitunrealistictohave500channels.　　D)ThenewTVsystemmaynotprovideanythingbetter.　　Question19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　19.a)anoticebytheelectricityboard.　　b)adspromotingelectricappliances.　　c)thedescriptionofathiefindisguise.　　d)anewpolicyonpensioners'welfare.　　20.a)speakingwithaproperaccent.　　b)wearinganofficialuniform.n　　c)makingfriendswiththem　　d)showingthemhisID.　　21.a)tobeonthealertwhenbeingfollowed.　　b)nottoleaveseniorcitizensaloneathome.　　c)nottoletanyoneinwithoutanappointment.　　d)towatchoutforthosefromtheelectricityboard.　　22.a)shewasrobbedneartheparkinglot.　　b)allhermoneyinthebankdisappeared.　　c)thepensionshehadjustdrawnwasstolen.　　d)shewasknockeddowninthepostoffice.　　Question23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　23.a)marketingconsultancy.　　b)Professionalaccountancy.　　c)luxuryhotelmanagement.　　d)businessconferenceorganization　　24.a)havingagoodknowledgeofitscustoms.　　b)knowingsomekeypeopleintourism.　　c)havingbeentothecountrybefore.　　d)beingabletospeakjapanese.　　25.a)itwillbringherpotentialintofullplay.　　b)itwillinvolvelotsoftraintravel.　　c)itwillenablehertoimproveherchinese.　　d)itwillgivehermorechancestovisitjapan.　　SectionBn　　PassageOne　　Question26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.a)Thelackoftime　　b)Thequalityoflife.　　c)Thefrustrationsatwork.　　d)Thepressureonworkingfamilies.　　27.a)Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday.　　b)Theysawtheimportanceofcollectiveefforts.　　c)Theydidn'tcomplainasmuchasmodernman.　　d)Theylivedahardlifebyhuntingandgathering.　　28.a)Tolookforcreativeideasofawardingemployees.　　b)Toexplorestrategiesforloweringproductioncosts.　　c)Toseeknewapproachestodealingwithcomplaints.　　d)Tofindeffectivewaystogiveemployeesflexibility.　　PassageTwo　　Question29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　29.a)familyviolence.　　b)hischildren'sefforts.　　c)herfather'sdisloyalty.　　d)hissecondwife'spositiveinfluence.　　30.a)hisadvancedage.　　b)hischildren'sefforts.　　c)hisimprovedfinancialcondition.　　d)hissecondwife'spositiveinfluence.n　　31.a)loveisblind.　　b)lovebreedslove.　　c)divorceoftenhasdisastrousconsequences.　　d)happinessishardtofindinblendedfamilies.　　PassageThree　　Question32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　32.a)itwaslocatedinapark　　b)itsownerdiedofaheartattack　　c)itwentbankruptallofsudden.　　d)itspottedplantswereforleaseonly.　　33.a)plantingsometreesinthegreenhouse　　b)writingawantadtoalocalnewspaper　　c)puttingupagoingoutofbusinesssign　　d)helpingacustomerselectsomepurchases　　34.a)openinganoffiveinthenewofficepark　　b)keepingbetterrelationswithhercompany　　c)developingfreshbusinessopportunities　　d)buildingabiggreenhouseofhisown　　35.a)owningthegreenhouseoneday　　b)securingajobattheofficepark　　c)cultivatingmorepottedplants.　　d)findingcustomersoutoftown　　SectionC　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。n　　We'renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physical(36)___,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekey(37)____inthecreationofwealth.Now,the(38)____rawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow'swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.And(39)___enteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.Knowledgeworkers(40)____inmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:words,(41)___anddata.　　Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobe(42)____,processing,aswellasexchanginginformation.(43)____,threeoutoffourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalike(44)____.　　Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttraining(45)____.Youcanalsoexpecttobetakinggreatercontrolofyourcareer.Gonearethenine-fivejobs.lifetimesecurity,predictablepromotions,andeventheconventionalworkplace,asyouarefamiliarwith.(46)____,anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower”you.Youhavetoempoweryourself.　　四.阅读词汇部分选词阅读及完型(10：35-11：25)　　选词填空　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　SomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly-47-toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas-48-toalittlecollegeFrench.　　Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,-49-unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup-50-anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable-51-Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtranthroughmymind:youcan’tlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.　　Thereweresomebad-52-.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler.Andeversince.Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces.Withoutguidesoreven-53-bookings.ConfidentthatsomehowIwillmanage.　　Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinition–54-.buteachtimeyoutrysomething.Youlearn.Andasthelearningpliesup.Theworldopenstoyou.　　I’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineriverina–55-.AndIknowI’llgotodoingsuchthings.It’snotbecauseI’mbraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan-56-wonders.n　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　A.complishI.manufacture　　B.advancedJ.moments　　C.balloonK.news　　D.claimL.reduced　　E.constantlyM.regret　　F.declareN.scary　　G.interviewsO.totally　　H.limited　　PassageOne　　Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but-regardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.　　A1Gorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth,"asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon'tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and-withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs-wecan'tdomuchaboutit.　　From2003to2050,theworld'spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billonto9.1billion,a42%increase.ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremaintesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat'stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconmicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld'spoortotheirpresent　　Povertyandfreezeeveryoneelse'slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethendoubleby2050.　　Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey're"doingsomething"ConsidertheKyotoProtoco(京都议定书).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn't.Butithasn'treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn'tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets.n　　Thepracticalcodusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingourdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.　　Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblewhenit'sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon'tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.　　57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?　　A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.　　B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.　　C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.　　D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.　　58.Accordingtotheauthor'sunderstanding,whatisA1Gore'sviewonglobalwarming?　　A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.　　B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.　　C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.　　D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.　　59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof___.　　A)economicgrowth　　B)wastefuluseofenergy　　C)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoor　　D)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology　　60.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,____.　　A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation　　B)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse　　C)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming　　D)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvoronmentalproblemsn　　61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?　　A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.　　B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.　　C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.　　D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.　　PassageTwo　　Question62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Somedayasirangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsiteyou'vevisited，Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.　　Infact,it'slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen-the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.　　Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit'simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret.　　Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?　　FormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis"no."　　WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis"slippingaway,andthatbothersme."　　Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcauistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocailSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(优惠卷)。　　Butprivacydoesmatter-atleastsometimes.It'slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdon'tnoticeit.Onlywhenit'sgonedoyouwishyou'ddonemoretoprotectit.n　　62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked"(Lines3-4,Para.2)?　　A)People'spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.　　B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers'secrets.　　C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.　　D)Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.　　63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?　　A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.　　B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.　　C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.　　D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.　　64.Whydoestheauthorsay"weliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret"(Line5,para.3)　　A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.　　B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.　　C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers'affairs.　　D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople'sidentities.　　65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?　　A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.　　B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.　　C)Theyrelymostandmoreonelectronicdevices.　　D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.　　66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat___.　　A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepit.　　B)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstoodn　　C)isissomethingthatcaneasilybelost　　D)peopledon'tcherishituntiltheyloseit　　PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed-67-extendingman'sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions-68-fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein-69-andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdono-70-thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe-71-researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions.-72-mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis-73-tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin-74-withthelastestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.　　Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto-75-theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen-76-.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe-77-one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen-78-judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreason,they-79-studentstomeetotherswithdiffering-80-andtoreadwidelyto-81-theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy.-82-asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown-83-.Heshouldbepreparedto-84-sacrificestostudyhischosen-85-indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome-86-contributiontoman'sknowledge.　　67.A)atB)byC)toD)in　　68.A)turnsB)rangesC)movesD)varies　　69.A)prospectB)placeC)controlD)favor　　70.A)occupyB)possessC)involveD)spare　　71.A)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vast　　72.A)ButB)AsC)WhileD)For　　73.A)naturalB)essentialC)functionalD)optional　　74.A)coordinationB)accordanceC)touchD)grasp　　75.A)acquireB)acceptC)endureD)ensure　　76.A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preference　　77.A)typicalB)trueC)mereD)only　　78.A)withB)underC)onD)throughn　　79.A)promptB)provokeC)encourageD)anticipate　　80.A)historiesB)expressionsC)interestsD)curiosities　　81.A)broadenB)lengthenC)enforceD)specify　　82.A)AmidB)OverC)AfterD)Upon　　83.A)objectB)effectC)courseD)sake　　84.A)takeB)sufferC)makeD)pay　　85.A)fieldB)targetC)scopeD)goal　　86.A)radicalB)meaningfulC)truthfulD)initial　　五.翻译部分(11：25-11：30)　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsoftheresearch_________.(能应用于新技术的开发)　　88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Something__________(一定出了毛病)withitsoperatingsystem.　　89.Leavingone’sjob,_____________(无论是什么工作),isadifficultchange,　　evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.　　90._________(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.　　91._________(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.　　2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题答案(仅供参考)　(试卷A)　　PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)　　1.A2.D3.B4.C5.A6.D/B7.C　　8.quitehomogeneous9.relationshipswithconsumers10.media　　PartIIIListeningComprehension　　11.A12.C13.B14.D15.D16.B17.A18.D19.C20.D21.C22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.A28.D29.B30.D31.B32.Bn　　33.C34.C35.A　　36.labor37.ingredients38.vital39.individuals40.engage41.figures42.generating　　43.Currently　　44.willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction.　　45.toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwithimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures.　　46.Don'texpectthecompanieswillprovideyouwithaclearlydefinedcareerpath,　　PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)　　47.D48.H49.O50.G51.K52.J53.B54.N55.C56.A57.D58.C59.A60.B61.B62.A63.C64.B65.D66.D　　PartVCloze　　67.A68.D69.B70.B71.D72.C73.B74.C75.A76.B77.D78.A79.C80.C81.A82.B83.D84.B85.A86.C　　PartVITranslation　　87.能应用于新技术的开发canbeappliedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofnewtechnology　　88.一定出了毛病Theremustbesomethingwrong/theremustbesomeerrors/problems　　89.不管是什么工作nomatterwhatkinditis/whateveritis　　90.与我成长的地方相比ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup　　91.直到他完成使命Notuntilhehadaccomplishedthetask2008年12月英语四级考试试卷及答案nPartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。怎样改善学生的心理健康1.学生心理健康的重要性2.学校应该怎样做3.学生自己应该怎样做【范文】Howtoimprovepsychologicalhealth?Asisknowntoall,psychologicalhealthisasimportantas,ifnotmoreimportantthan,physicalhealthforastudentduringhis/hergrowth.However,it'squiteworryingthatnowadayssomestudentsarenotquitepsychologicallyhealthy.Undoubtedly,schoolsanduniversitiesshouldtakegreataccountintheresponsibilitiesofstudents'psychologicalhealth.Relevantcoursesandactivitiesshouldbeintroducedtostudentssothattheywouldbemoreawareofthesignificanceofpsychologicalhealthandfindappropriatewaystomaintainandimproveit.Forexample,thereshouldbeapsychologicalcounselinghotlineorofficeforstudentstoturntowhentheyneedsomepsychologicalaid.Ofcoursenopsychologicalhealthcanbeobtainedwithouttheeffortsfromthestudentsthemselves.Frommyperspective,whattheycandoistryingtostaypositive,optimisticandfollowtherightguidelinesfromtheirschools.Tobemorespecific,theycanparticipateinsomeactivitiessuchasvoluntaryworktocultivateanopeningandcaringmind.Meanwhile,harmfulimpactsfromthecyberspaceshoulddefinitelybeavoided.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.That’senough,kidsItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.n“I’dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe’dshoved,”shesays.”Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,’No,wedon’tpush,”Whathappenednextwasunexpected.“Theboy’smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark,”Stellasays,”Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologize,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefordiscipliningherchild,AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviorwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?”Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield.Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister’shouseit’sencouraged.Forher,it’saboutkidsbeingkids:”Ifyoucan’tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?”Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt’shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying“no”alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That’sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou’retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.“Kidsaren’tallraisedthesame,”agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.”Butthereisstillanideathatthey’rethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou’resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme.”Inthosecircumstances,it’sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.“I’dgotothechildfirst,”saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat’wedon’tdothathere’isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae(直觉)forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings.”Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey’rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,”shesays.Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:”Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:’Iknowyou’llthinkI’msillybutinmyhouseIdon’twant…’”nWhenitcomestosituationswhereyou’recaringforanotherchild,whiteisstraightforward:“commonsensemustprevail.Ifthingsdon’tgowell,thenhaveachat.”There’reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate.“Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.”ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:”Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup,”hesays,“Adultsarescaredofsaying:’don’tswear’,oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They’reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout–eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.”Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferformitasmuchaschild.MeredithFulleragrees:“Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou’relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.”“it’saboutwhatI’mdoingandwhatIneed,”AndrewFullersays.”thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,“Igotintotrouble”.Anddadsaid,‘youprobablydeservedit’.Areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers.”Thisjumpingtoourchildren’sdefenseispartofwhatfuelsthe“walkingoneggshells”feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople’schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate(劝诫)withthechild,you’regoingtohavetodealwiththeparent.it’sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?“Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,”Whitesays.“Isuspectthatit’sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool–better–educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved.”Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centred,it’sawayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities(商品).We’recentredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudof,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren.”Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi’sintervention(干预)onhernson’sbehalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy’smother.AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe’dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand.“Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforbadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged.”AndrewFullerdoesn’tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople’skids.“lookatkidsthataren’tyourownasapotentialminefield,”hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon’tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy’smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?A)makeanapologyB)comeovertointerveneC)disciplineherownboyD)takeherownboyaway2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople’schildren?　　A)it’simportantnottohurttheminanywayB)it’snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoingC)it’sadvisabletotreatthemasone’sownkidsD)it’spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble3.AccordingtoprofessorNaomiwhiteofMonashuniversity,whenone’skidsarecriticized,theirparentswillprobablyfeelA)discouragedB)hurtC)puzzledD)overwhelmedn4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople’skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewfuller?A)talktothemdirectlyinamildwayB)complaintotheirparentspolitelyC)simplyleavethemaloneD)punishthemlightly5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,A)parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthemB)peoplethinkitimpropertocriticizekidsinpublicC)peoplearereluctanttopointourkids’wrongdoingsD)manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids6.Inaworldwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,.A)it’seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatientB)it’sdifficulttocreateacodeofconductC)it’simportanttobefriendlytoeverybodyD)it’shardforpeopletoadmireeachother7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?A)they’dquestiontheteachersB)they’dchargeuptotheschoolC)they’dtellthekidstoclamdownD)They’dputtheblameontheirkids8.Professorwhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbechallenged.9.Accordingtoprofessorwhite,today’sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingtheycanbeproudof.n10.Andrewfullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnotstaysilent.PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.B)Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.C)Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.D)Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.12.A)Apainter.C)Aporter.B)Amechanic.D)Acarpenter.13.A)Lookforaplacenearheroffice.C)Makeinquirieselsewhere.B)Findanewjobdownthestreet.D)Rentthe$600apartment.14.A)Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist.B)Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently.C)Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.D)HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.15.A)Thewomanpossessesanaturalforart.B)Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen.C)Heisn’tgoodatabstractthinking.nD)Hedoesn’tlikeabstractpaintings.16.A)Shecouldn’thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary.B)shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.C)sheshouldhavemadecarefulnoteswhiledoingreading.D)sheshouldn’thavereadhisnoteswithouthisknowingit.17.A)shewantstogetsomesleepC)shehasaliteratureclasstoattendB)sheneedstimetowriteapaperD)sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem18.A)Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob.B)Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.C)Itisn’teasytofindaqualifiedsalesmanager.D)Theinterviewdidn’tgoaswellasheexpected.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly.B)Hecanrenewcontactwithhisoldfriends.C)Hecanconcentrateonhisownprojects.D)Hecanlearntodoadministrativework.20.A)Readingitsadsinthenewspapers.B)Callingitspersonneldepartment.C)Contactingitsmanager.D)Searchingitswebsite.21.A)Tocutdownitsproductionexpenses.B)Tosolvetheproblemofstaffshortage.C)Toimproveitsadministrativeefficiency.D)Toutilizeitsretiredemployees’resources.nQuestions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Buyatractor.B)Fixahouse.C)Seeapieceofproperty.D)Singabusinesscontract.23.A)Itisonlyfortymilesformwheretheylive.B)Itisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse.C)Itwasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.D)Ithasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.24.A)Growingpotatoeswillinvolvelesslabor.B)Itssoilmaynotbeverysuitableforcorn.C)Itmaynotbebigenoughforraisingcorn.D)Raisingpotatoeswillbemoreprofitable.25A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)ProfitsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne26A)Tointroducethechiefofthecity’spoliceforcenB)TocommentonatalkbyadistinguishedguestC)ToaddresstheissueofcommunitysecurityD)Toexplainthefunctionsofthecitycouncil27A)HehasdistinguishedhimselfincitymanagementB)HeisheadoftheInternationalPoliceForceC)HecompletedhishighereducationabroadD)Heholdsamaster’sdegreeincriminology28A)TocoordinateworkamongpolicedepartmentsB)TogetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeopleC)TohelptheresidentsintimesofemergencyD)Toenablethepolicetotakepromptaction29A)PopularB)discouragingC)effectiveD)controversialPassageTwo30A)peoplediffergreatlyintheirabilitytocommunicateB)therearenumerouslanguagesinexistenceC)MostpubliclanguagesareinherentlyvagueD)Biggapsexistbetweenprivateandpubliclanguages31A)itisasignofhumanintelligenceB)inimproveswithconstantpracticeC)itissomethingwearebornwithD)itvariesfrompersontopersonn32A)howprivatelanguagesaredevelopedB)howdifferentlanguagesarerelatedC)howpeoplecreatetheirlanguagesD)howchildrenlearntouselanguagePassageThree33A)shewasatailorB)shewasanengineerC)shewasaneducatorD)shewasapublicspeaker34.A)Basingthemonscience-fictionmovies.B)IncludinginterestingexamplesinthemC)AdjustingthemtodifferentaudiencesD)Focusingonthelatestprogressinspacescience35.A)WhetherspacemencarryweaponsB)HowspacesuitsprotectspacemenC)HowNASAtrainsitsspacemenD)WhatspacemencatanddrinkSectionCDirections:Inthissection.youwillhearapassagethreetime.Whenthepassageisreadforfirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwordsFinally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。nCrimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethe(36)____willcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.Crimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulticultural,industrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates,butanew(37)____hasappearedontheworld(38)____rapidlyrisingcrimeratesinnationsthatpreviouslyreportedfew(39)____.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape(40)___andautotheftareclearlyrising(41)___ineasternEuropeancountriessuchasHungaryandinwesternEuropeannationssuchastheunitedKingdom.Whatisdrivingthiscrime(42)____?Therearenosimpleanswers.Still，therearecertainconditions(43)_______withrisingcrimeincreasingheterogeneity(混杂)ofpopulations,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernment,(44)___________________________________________________________________________________Theseconditionsareincreasinglyobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogeneous(同种类的),suchasJapan,DenmarkandGreece(45)________________________________________________________________________Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthetwenty-firstcentury,and(46)_______________________________________________36trend37phenomenon38scene39offences40murder41particularly42explosion43associated44changingnationalborders,greatereconomicgrowthandthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrong.n45arenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeencommoninAmericaformostofitshistory.46failuretorecognizeandplanforsuchdiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblems.PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)SectionAQuestion47-56Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural______47_F_____forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn______48_K____tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto____49H_____fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthemindandthespirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha__50G_____ofhumanexperiencesandcometo___51N____otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile____52I____theirownrelationshipsandresponsestolife,thereadersoftenfindthatthe___53B__intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.Booksprovide___54A_____materialforreaders’imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books__55O____theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure___56M___.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders’bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.A.AbundantB.CharactersC.CommunicatingD.CompletelyE.DeriveF.DesireG.DiversitynH.EscapeI.EstablishingJ.NarrowK.NaturallyL.PersonnelM.ProperlyN.RespectO.WidenSectionBDirectionsThereare2passagesinthissection,eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedABCD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestion57to61basedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics.youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.“Menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta,“Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmawhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.n“WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer”hesays,“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedthislife”Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.“Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible(不可战胜的)”Gullottasays“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink”Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim.Thenthereistheostrichapproach,”somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.“Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-upsRegularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.”Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:itiscalledprematuredeath.”57.Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday.B.Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.C.Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle.D.Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlive.58。Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A.mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomenB.mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenC.menaren’tascautionsaswomeninfaceofdangerD.menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldiseases59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence“Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,…’(line2,para,8)?nA.itcouldhappentome,tooB.IshouldavoidplayinggolfC.IshouldconsidermyselfluckyD.itwouldbeabigmisfortune60whatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach”(lineqpara.9)A.acasualattitudetowardsone’shealthconditionsB.anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsC.refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolvedD.unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear61.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?A.TheymayincreasepublicexpensesB.TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunC.TheymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmenD.TheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomenPassagetwoQuestion62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassageHigh-qualitycustomerserviceispreached(宣扬)bymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandoneShoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore,butinsteadwillalerttheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangers-andanyonewhowilllisten.Storemanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaints,andoftenfindoutonlywhentheirregularcustomersdecidetfrequenttheircompetitors,accordingtoastudyjointlyconductedbyVerdegroupandWhartonschool“Storytellinghurtsretailersandentertainsconsumers,”saidPaulaCourtney,PresidentoftheVerdegroup.”thestorelosesthecustomer,buttheshoppermustalsofindareplacement.”nOnaverage,everyunhappycustomerwillcomplaintoatleastfourother,andwillnolongervisitthespecificstoreforeverydissatisfiedcustomer,astorewillloseuptothreemoreduetonegativereviews.Theresulting“snowballeffect”canbedisastroustoretailers.Accordingtotheresearch,shopperswhopurchasedclothingencounteredthemostproblems.rankedsecondandthirdweregroceryandelectronicscustomers.Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglots,cluttered(塞满了的)shelves,overloadedracks,out-of-stockitems,longcheck-outlines,andrudesalespeople.Duringpeakshoppinghours,someretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlightinglocalpolicetoworkasparkingattendants.Somehiredflagwaverstodirectcustomerstoemptyparkingspaces.Thisguidancecliminatedtheneedforcustomerstocircletheparkinglotendlessly,andavoidedconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthesameparkingspace.Retailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstorelayouts,pre-stockingsalesitems,hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers,andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestions.Mostimportantly,salespeopleshouldbediplomaticandpolitewithangrycustomers.“Retailerswho’reresponsiveandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmoothoverissuesthanthosewhoaren’tsofriendly.”saidProfessorStephenHoch.“Maybesomethingassimpleasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.”Customerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfilingcomplaintstotheretailer,insteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworld.Retailersarehard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhavenoideawhatiswrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62.Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints?AMostcustomerswon’tbothertocomplaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.BCustomerswouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.CFewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimproved.DCustomershavenoeasyaccesstostoremanagers.n63.WhatdoesPaulaCourtneyimplybysaying“…theshoppermustalsofindareplacement”(Line2,Para.4)?ANewcustomersareboundtoreplaceoldones.BItisnotlikelytheshoppercanfindthesameproductsinotherstores.CMoststoresprovidethesameDNotcomplainingtothemanagercausestheshoppersometroubletoo.64.Shopownersoftenhiremoonlightingpoliceasparkingattendantssothatshoppers_____AcanstaylongerbrowsinginthestoreBwon’thavetroubleparkingtheircarsCwon’thaveanyworriesaboutsecurityDcanfindtheircarseasilyaftershopping65.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers?AMannersofthesalespeopleBHiringofefficientemployeesCHugesupplyofgoodsforsaleDDesignofthestorelayout.66.Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,customersareadvisedto_________.AexertpressureonstorestoimprovetheirserviceBsettletheirdisputeswithstoresinadiplomaticwayCvoicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectlyDshoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstoresPartVClozeDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,Dontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosentheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.playingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagersthatthemforgranted.Thisisespeciallytrue67childrenfromfamiliesandcommunitiesthathavetheresourcesneededtoorganizeand68sportsprogramsandmakesurethatthereiseasy69toparticipationopportunities.Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesare70likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften71theresourcesneededtopayforparticipation72,equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames73theircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand74sportsfieldsandfacilities.Organizedyouthsports75appearedduringtheearly20thcenturyintheUnitedStatesandotherwealthynations.Theywereoriginallydeveloped76someeducatorsanddevelopmentalexperts77thatthebehaviorandcharacterofchildrenwere78influencedbytheirsocialsurroundingandeverydayexperiences.This79manypeopletobelievethatifyoucouldorganizetheexperiencesofchildrenin80ways,youcouldinfluencethekindsofadultsthatthosechildrenwouldbecome.Thisbeliefthatthesocial81influencedaperson’soveralldevelopmentwasvery82topeopleinterestedinprogressandreformintheUnitedStates83thebeginningofthe20thcentury.Itcausedthemtothinkabout84theymightcontroltheexperiencesofchildrento85responsibleandproductiveadults.Theybelievedstronglythatdemocracydependedonresponsibilityandthata86capitalisteconomydependedontheproductivityofworker.67.A.amongB.withinC.onD.towards68.A.spreadB.speedC.spurD.sponsor69.A.accessB.entranceC.chanceD.route70A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much71.A.shrinkB.tightenC.limitD.lack72.A.billBaccountsC.feesD.fare73.A.soB.asC.andD.but74.A.maintainB.sustainC.containD.entertain75.A.lastB.firstC.laterD.finally76.A.beforeB.whileC.untilD.whenn77.A.realizedB.recalledC.expectedD.exhibited78.A.specificallyB.excessivelyC.stronglyD.exactly79.A.movedB.conductedC.putD.led80.A.preciseB.preciousC.particularD.peculiar81.A.engagementB.environmentC.stateD.status82.A.encouragingB.disappointingC.upsettingD.surprising83.A.forB.withC.overD.at84.A.whatB.howC.whateverD.however85.A.multiplyB.manufactureC.produceD.provide86.A.growingB.breedingC.raisingD.flyingPartVITranslationDirections:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.Pleasewriteyourtranslationonanswersheet287.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems_thattheyhaven’tfoundanswers_to(他们至今还没有答案)88.Whatmostparentsareconcernedabout(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyouincaseitturn(s)cold(以防天气变冷)90.Throughttheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtraininganddecidedtostarttheirownbusiness(决定自己创业)91.theanti-virusagentwasnotknownuntilitwasaccidentallyfoundbyadoctor(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)n2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案真题：PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法？FreeadmissiontomuseumsPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HowDoYouSeeDiversity?Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.“Itwasn’tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn’tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate’s“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyaverting(避开)youreyes.“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofyecontact;notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunder-standingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.nHireAdvantageAtatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases(偏爱)fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletostayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”BlindedbyGenderDaleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”YearoftheKnow-It-AllDougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimalongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithmyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive’todifferences.”AbetterBottomLineAnopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.”MostofmyncustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.”Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals.anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinforceoursharedhumanity.Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed(有缺陷的)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtotrainour-selvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate?A)Hejustwouldn’tlookherintheeye.B)Hewasslowinansweringherquestions.C)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.D)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.2.Tiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom.A)Racialstereotypes.C)Racialstereotypes.B)Invalidpersonalbias.D)Emphasisonphysicalappearance3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?A)Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.C)Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.D)Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.4.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?A)Arealestateagency.C)Aculturalexchangeorganization.B)Apersonneltrainingcompany.D)Ahi-techcompany5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat.A)Hehadhiredthewrongperson.B)Hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany.C)Hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell.nD)Hemustgetridofhisgenderbias.6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sworkshop?A)Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted.B)Ittappedintotheexecutives’fullpotential.C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.D)Itmetparticipants’diverseneeds.7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee’srequestforleave?A)Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.C)HeflatlyturneditdownB)Hedemandedanexplanation.D)Hereadilyapprovedit.8.Dougfeltwhenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.9.AfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceoftotheirbusiness.10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthebetweenus.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35Minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Sheexpectedmorepeopleatherparty.B)Sheenjoysentertainingsmallchildren.C)ShethrewasurprisepartyforherfriendD)Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity.12.A)Theyarenotusedtolivinginacoldplace.B)TheyfeelluckytoliveinFlorida.C)Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday.D)Theyhavenotbookedtheirairticketsyet.13.A)Hewaspleasedtogetthemedal.C)Heusedtobeafirefighter.B)Hewasverycourageous.D)Hewasaccusedofcausingafire.14.A)Makeaprofitableinvestment.C)GetpartsforthemachinefromJapan.nB)BuyanewwashingmachineD)Havetheoldwashingmachinefixed.15.A)Heispleasedwithhisexcitingnewjob.B)Hefindsthehugeworkloadunbearable.C)Hefindshisofficemuchtoobigforhim.D)Heisnotsoexcitedabouthisnewposition.16.A)Thewomanisgoingtoholdabigpartytomorrow.B)Themanhasnoideawhattherightthingtodois.C)Thewomandoesn’tknowhowtogettotheparty.D)Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty.17.A)Drawingupabusinessplan.C)Finalizingacontract.B)Discussingatermpaper.D)Reviewingaco-authoredarticle.18.A)Sheorderedsomepaper.C)ShechattedonlinewithafriendB)Shehadtheprinterrepaired.D)ShefilledinanapplicationformQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hishealthisgettingworse.C)Hispastlifeupsetshimagooddeal.B)Hecannolongerworkatsea.D)Hehasnotgottheexpectedpension.20.A)Shepassedawayyearsago.C)Shehasbeenworkingataclinic.B)Sheusedtoworkasamodel.D)Shehasbeenseriouslyillforyears.21.A)Shehasmadelotsofmoneyasadoctor.B)Sheisgoingtotakecareofherolddad.C)Shehasnevergotonwithherfather.D)Sheiskindandgenerousbynature.22.A)Hedinesoutwithhiswifeeveryweekend.B)Heisexcellentbutlookshad-tempered.C)Hedoesnotcareabouthisappearance.D)Heisnotquitepopularwithhispatients.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)ThemanhassenttheordertothewomanbymistakeB)Someofthetelephonesystemsdon’tworkproperlyC)Someofthepacksdonotcontainanymanuals.nD)Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard.24.A)Sendaserviceengineertodotherepairs.B)Consultherbossaboutthebestsolution.C)Passtheman’sordertotherightperson.D)Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard.25.A)Ideal.C)PartialB)TemporaryD)CreativeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage.Youwillhearsomequestions.Bossthepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Itisentertaining.C)Ittakeslotsoftime.B)Itisacostlyhobby.D)Itrequirestraining.27.A)Theycanharmnearbyplants.C)Theyfighteachotherforfood.B)Theymaycatchsomedisease.D)Theymaypollutetheenvironment.28.A)Placethefoodonwarmerspots.C)Avoidusinganycontaminatedfood.B)Usepreparedfeedmixturesonly.D)Continuethefeedingtillitgetswarm.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Hewillbetrayevenhisbestfriends.B)Heisabletomakeupgoodexcuses.C)Hewillliewheneverhewants.D)Hetriestoachievehisgoalatanycost30.A)ShemadehimapologizeC)Shebrokeupwithhim.B)ShereadilyforgavehimD)Sherefusedtoanswerhiscalls.31.A)Buyheranewsetoftires.C)Lendherhisbatteries.B)Helpcleanherapartment.D)Movefurnitureforher.PassageThreenQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Theatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal.B)Theirparentsputtoomuchpressureonthem.C)It’shardforthemtogetalongwithotherkids.D)Theyhavetoliveintheshadowoftheirparents.33.A)Healwaysboastsabouthisrichfather.B)Hewillgrowuptobegoodfornothing.C)Hehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings.D)Heistooyoungtomanagehisinheritedproperty.34.A)ShewantsAmandatogetprofessionalcare.B)Shehasnoexperienceinraisingchildren.C)Shewantstoshowoffherwealth.D)Shehasnotimetodoitherself.35.A)ThelifestyledepictedinHollywoodmovies.B)Theworshipofmoney,beautyandpleasure.C)Theattentionthemediafocusesonthem.D)Thepursuingofperfectioninperformance.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Around120yearsago,Ebbinghausbeganhisstudyofmemory.He(36).onstudyinghowquicklythehumanmindcanremember(37).Oneresultofhisresearchisknownasthetotaltimehypothesis(假设),whichsimplymeanstheamountyoulearn(38)onthetimeyouspendtryingtolearnit.Thiscanbetakenasourfirstruleoflearning.Althoughitisusuallytruethatstudyingforfourhoursisbetterthanstudyingforone,thereisstillthequestionofhowweshouldusethefourhours.Forexample,isitbettertostudyforfourhours(39)ortostudyforonehouradayforfourdaysina(40)?.Theanswer,asyoumayhave(41),isthatitisbettertospreadoutthestudytimes.This(42),throughwhichwecanlearnmore(43).bydividingourpracticetime,isknownasthedistributionofpracticeeffect.Thus,(44).nButwe’renotfinishedyet.Wehaven’tconsideredhowweshouldstudyoververyshortperiodsoftime.(45).Shouldyoulookatthesamewordinrapidsuccession,orlookatthewordandthenhavesomedelaybeforeyoulookatitagain?(46).PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theyfinethewritingprocess48anddifficult.Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit-49English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknowasateachermy51istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto52themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand54afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and55lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep56tofluency,eloquence(雄辩),andcommandoflanguage.nA)closerI)painfulB)dailyJ)performanceC)emotionalK)professionD)enhanceL)remarkablyE)enormousM)requireF)especiallyN)sensitiveG)hinderO)urgeH)missionSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofine.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandshatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs(企业家)whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional(过渡型的)cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn.Someanalysts(分析师)arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer,whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI’mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she’sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.”Byherownadmission,greenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But–thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandnsuppliers–onedayitwillbe.57.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?A)Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.B)Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.C)Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.D)Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.58.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat.A)muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials.B)theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials.C)customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials.D)qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable.59.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion.A)canattendvarioustradeshowsfree.B)arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworldC)canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices.D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport.60.WhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardecofashion?A)Shedoesn’tseemtocareaboutit.C)Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.B)Shedoesn’tthinkitissustainableD)Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?A)Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.C)Consumershavethefinalsay.D)Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand(缕)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople’shair.“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat’srecordedinyouhair,”saidThureCerling,ageologistatthenUniversityofUtah.WhileU.Sdietisrelativelyidentical,watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraidcloudsmove.Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes(同位素).Theheaviestraidfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofraidsystems.“It’snotgoodforpinpointing(精确定位),”Cerlingsaid.“It’sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.”ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.“It’sstillasubstantialarea,”Parksaid“Butitnarrowsitwaydownforme.”62.Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery?A)One’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.B)Aperson’shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.C)Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.D)Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.63.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink”(Line1,Para.3)?A)Foodanddrinkaffectone’spersonalitydevelopment.B)Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals.C)Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone’sbodytissues.D)Foodanddrinkareindispensabletoone’sexistence.64.WhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica’sWest?nA)ThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninUtah.B)Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.C)Itschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherareas.D)Itgathersmorelightisotopesasitmoveseastward.65.WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch?A)Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.B)Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.C)Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.D)Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.66.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling’sresearch?A)Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions.B)Ithelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitted.C)Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.D)Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’sayoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable67.HeusedtoownToyota’sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses68subwaysandgrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays69,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”Sudareflectsaworrisome70inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,71amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices.72mini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopular,everythinginbetweenis73.Lastyearssalesfell6.7percent,7.6percent74youdon’tcountthemini-carmarket.Therehavebeen75one-yeardropsinothernations:salesinGermanyfell9percentin200776ataxincrease.ButexpertssayJapanis77inthatsaleshavebeendecreasingsteadily78time.Since1990,yearlynew-carsaleshavefallenfrom7.8millionto5.4millionunitsin2007.PartVCloze(15minutes)67.A)profitC)incomeB)paymentD)budget68.A)mostlyC)occasionallyB)partiallyD)rarely69.A)ThereforeC)OtherwiseB)BesidesD)Consequently70.A)driftC)currentB)tideD)trend71.A)remarkablyC)speciallyB)essentiallyD)particularly72.A)WhileC)WhenB)BecauseD)Since73.A)surgingC)slippingB)stretchingD)shaking74.A)unlessC)asB)ifD)after75.A)lowerC)broaderB)slighterD)larger76.A)liabletoC)thankstoB)intermsofD)inviewof77.A)uniqueC)mysteriousB)similarD)strange78.A)overC)onB)againstD)behindAlarmedbythisstateof79,theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)80acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.Itfoundthata81wealthgap,demographic(人口结构的)changesand82lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir83longer,replacetheircarswithsmallerones84giveupcarownershipaltogether.JAMA85afurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.Someexpertsbelievethatifthetrendcontinuesformuchlonger,furtherconsolidation(合并)intheautomotivesectoris86.n79.A)messC)growthB)boomD)decay80.A)proceededC)launchedB)relievedD)revised81.A)quickeningC)strengtheningB)wideningD)lengthening82.A)averageC)abundantB)massiveD)general83.A)labelsC)vehiclesB)cyclesD)devices84.A)orC)butB)untilD)then85.A)concludesC)reckonsB)predictsD)prescribes86.A)distantC)temporaryB)likelyD)immediatePartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad(很难跟上班里的同学)inmathandEnglish.88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary(就不会被大雨淋湿了).89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare(更有可能增加体重).90.(很多人所没有意识到的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports.andfootballinparticular.91.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyis(与缺乏锻炼密切相关)参考答案PartIWritingFreeAdmissiontoMuseums（满分版）Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofmuseumsareadmission-freetovisitorshomeandabroad.Thehiddenreasonbehindthisisnothardtoanalyzeasthere’sagrowingawarenessfortheauthoritiesregardingtheurgencyofpopularizationofculture,knowledgeandhistorywitheveryaveragepersoninoursociety.Onlywithfreeaccesstothislive‘database’,canmostpeoplefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldoffertothem.However,freeadmissiontomuseumsmightleadtosomesocialproblemsaswell.Themostobviousproblemisthatitmightgivemuseumsaveryheavyeconomicburdenwhichdirectlyimpedesthesustainabledevelopmentoftheseorganizations.Asaresult,ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectfundsfromdifferentchannels,whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol.Ontheotherhand,freeadmissionattractstoomanyvisitors,someofwhichmightnotbewell-purposedanddosomeconsciousorunconsciousdamagetothevaluabletreasureswhichusedtobewell-preservedinthemuseums.nAsauniversitystudent,Iaminfavorofthefree-admissionconduct.Yetitisproposedthatsomemeasuresshouldbetakentosolvethepotentialproblemscausedbyit.Forexample,museumscanmakesomeregulationstoguidethebehaviorofvisitorsorsetsome‘closed’daysformuseumsforregularmaintenance.Onlyinthiswaycanfree-admissiontomuseumsbecomealong-lastingphenomenonandhavesustainabledevelopment.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)阅读答案　　1.A.Hejustwouldn’tlookherinthedye。　　2.Cculturalignorance　　3.BIncreasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures。　　4.BApersonneltrainingcompany。　　5.Dhemustgetridofhisgenderbias　　6.CIthelpedhimmakefairdecisions。　　7.AHetoldhimtogetthedatesright。　　8.embarrassed　　9.inclusiveness　　10.differencesandsimilarities　　听力：　　短对话　　11.Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity　　12.Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday　　13.Hewasverycourageous　　14.Buyanewwashingmachine　　15.Heisnotexcitedabouthisnewposition　　16.Themanofferstodrivethewomentotheparty　　17.Finalizingacontract　　18.Sheorderedsomepaper　　长对话　　19Hecannolongerworkatsea　　20Shepassedawayyearsago　　21Shehasnevergotonwithherfather　　22Heisexcellentbutlooksbad-temperedn　　23Someofthepacksdonotcontainmanuals　　24solvetheproblemathercompany’scost　　25Ideal　　短文：　　26Cit’sentertaining　　27Ctheymaycatchsomedisease　　28Dcontinuethefeedingtillitgetwarm　　29Chewillliewheneverhewants　　30Ashemadehimapologize　　31Dmovefurnitureforher　　32Atheatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal　　33Dhehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings　　34Dshehasnotimetodoitherself　　35DthelifestyledepictedinHollywoodmovies　　复合式听写答案：　　36concentrated40row　　37information41suspected　　38depends42phenomenon(现象)　　39straight43efficiently　　44oursecondruleoflearningisthis:itisbettertostudyfairlybrieflybutoften。　　45Let’ssayyouaretryingtolearnsomenewandratherdifficultEnglishvocabularyusingastackofcards。　　46Theanswerisitisbettertospaceoutthepresentationsofthewordyouaretolearn。　　47.Mrequire48.Ipainful49.Fespecially50.Eenormous51.Hmission52.Denhance53.Bdaily54.Jperformance55.Kprofession56Adaily　　57Aitinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen　　58Dqualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable　　59Daregainingmoreandmoresupport　　60Ashedoesn'tseemtocareaboutit　　61Bithasaverypromisingfuturen　　62Baperson'shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived。　　63Cfoodanddrinkleavetracesinone'sbodytissues　　64Bthewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland。　　65Dachartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem。　　66Cithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibililitiesindetectivework。　　完型：67.D.budget68.A.mostly69.B.besides70.D.trend71.D.particularly72.A.while73.D.shaking74.B.if75.D.larger76.D.inviewof77.A.unique78.A.over79.D.decay80.A.proceeded81.B.widening82.B.massive83.C.vehicles84.A.or85.B.predict86.B.likely翻译　　87.difficulty(in)catchingupwithhisclassmates　　88.wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain　　89.morelikelytoputonweight　　90.Whatmanypeopledon’trealize　　91.closelyrelativetothelackofexercise