2020版高考英语总复习高考提能练（四十）（含解析）外研版选修7

2020版高考英语总复习高考提能练（四十）（含解析）外研版选修7

高考提能练(四十)Module4　MusicBorninAmericaⅠ.阅读理解A[2019·湖南长郡中学检测]OnWednesday,nearly300kidswilltakepartintheNationalSpellingBee.Fewerwillmakeittothefollowingday'ssemifinals,whereonemistakemeanselimination(淘汰).I'dbetthatmanyofthemwillbesilentlypraying—notonthefirstword.IknewitbecauseIwasthere17yearsago.Iwasa14yearoldgirlthen.MymotherandIhadflownfromKentuckytoWashington,butthecapitalwasnostrangetoher.Myoldersisterhadalreadycompetedatthenationallevel.Whenmysisterwas14andIwas12,wetrainedtogether.WebeganwiththeSuggestedListgivenoutatschool—hundredsofwordsprintedonaposterthatcouldbefoldeduplikeamap.Whenthewordsalongthecreases(褶痕)begantodisappear,weboughtadditionalspellinglists.Sometimesmymothertestedus,readingwordsmostEnglishteacherswouldn'tknowhowtopronounce,letalonemyIndianbornmother.Whenshepointedoutthemisspelledwords,Iblamedheraccentformyerrors!Whenitwasmyturn,Iapproachedthemicrophoneandwaitedformyfirstword.Theannouncerwassomewheretomyleft,amanwhopronouncedclearly.“Barbican，”hesaid.Itseemedthatmycompetitorsweresecretlycomplainingabouttherelativeeaseofmyword.WouldtheylaughatmeifIcouldn'tspellit?Wouldmymotherbedisappointedinme?Thatlastsyllablecouldgotwoways:CANorCON.Whichonewasright?FinallyIdecidedonCON.Ofcourse,IwaseliminatedandguidedtotheComfortRoom,whereparentscouldn'tenter.Inside,recentlosersweresittingaroundatableabundantwithjunkfood.Wecasuallymentionedthewordsthatdefeatedus,likeaspecialceremonytowelcomeeachnewarrival.Thenwechangedthesubjectifwe'dalreadymovedonfrommissedwordsandlostopportunities.Eventually,Iwentoutandsawmymother.“Well，”shesaid,“I_guess_you_won't_be_doing_this_again.”Yes,nextyearIwouldbe15andnotallowedtotakepartinthecompetition.体裁：记叙文　题材：人生经历　主题：参加英文拼字大赛【语篇解读】　本文主要叙述了“我”14岁时参加全国英文拼字大赛的经历。【难句分析】　Sometimesmymothertestedus,readingwordsmostEnglishteacherswouldn'tknowhowtopronounce,letalonemyIndianbornmother.分析：该句为复合句。句中mostEnglishteacherswouldn'tknowhowtopronounce为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词words；letalone为固定搭配，意为“更不用说”。译文：有时，我妈妈测试我们，她读的一些单词大多数英语老师都不知道怎么发音，更不用说我的出生在印度的母亲了。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph1referto?A．Thedifficultyofthefirstword.B．Thefiercecompetition.C．Thenervousnessofthekids.D．Thestrictrules.答案与解析：C　考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“I'dbetthatmanyofthemwillbesilentlypraying—notonthefirstword.IknewitbecauseIwasthere17yearsnago”可知，参加比赛的孩子都很紧张，所以默默祈祷，千万别在第一个单词就被淘汰；而“我”知道孩子们紧张是因为“我”在17年前有过这样的经历。据此可知，it指代孩子们的紧张，故C项正确。2．Theauthorfailedprobablybecause________.A.shewasunabletorelaxB.theannouncerhadanaccentC.hercompetitorsdisturbedherD.shedidn'tpractisehardenough答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。根据第七段前三句“Itseemedthatmycompetitorsweresecretlycomplainingabouttherelativeeaseofmyword.WouldtheylaughatmeifIcouldn'tspellit?Wouldmymotherbedisappointedinme”可以判断，“我”无法放松，心里想得很多，所以影响发挥而被淘汰，故A项正确。3．WhatdidtheauthordointheComfortRoom?A.Shemethermother.B.Shecomfortednewarrivals.C.Shetalkedwithotherlosers.D.Shewatchedthecompetition.答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第九段“Wecasuallymentionedthewordsthatdefeatedus...Thenwechangedthesubjectifwe'dalreadymovedonfrommissedwordsandlostopportunities”可知，在theComfortRoom里，“我”在和其他淘汰者聊天，故C项正确。4．Whydidtheauthor'smothersaytheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A．Shewasdisappointedintheauthor.B．Theauthorwouldbebeyondtheagelimit.C．Shedidn'twanttheauthortosufferagain.D．Theauthorhadnointerestinthecompetition.答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据最后一段的“Yes,nextyearIwouldbe15andnotallowedtotakepartinthecompetition”可以判断，“我”由于超过年龄限制，不能再参赛。B[2019·惠州第二次调研]Areyoucontentwiththeshapeofyournose?Ifnot,theclimatemaybetoblame,notyourparents.ThisisaccordingtoarecentstudycarriedoutbyscientistsfromPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,US.Theyfoundthatclimateplayedakeyroleinshapingournoses.Thefindingswerebasedonanexaminationofthesizeandshapeofnosesof476peoplefromfourregions—WestAfrica,EastAsia,SouthAsiaandNorthernEurope,using3Dfacialimagingtechnology.“Peoplehavethoughtforalongtimethedifferenceinnoseshapeamonghumansacrosstheworldmayhavearisenasaresultofnaturalselectionbecauseofclimate，”ArslanZaidi,oneoftheleadauthorsofthestudy,toldTheGuardian.Butwhilepreviousstudieswerebasedonmeasurementsfromhumanskulls,Zaidiandhisteamlookedatnoseshapeitself.Theresultshowedthatwidernosesaremorecommoninwarmandhumidclimate,whilenarrowernosesaremorecommonincoldanddryclimate.That,Zaidisaid,couldbebecausenarrowernasalpassageshelptoincreasethemoisture(潮湿)contentofairandwarmit,whichiseasieronourlungs.This,inturn,ledtoagradualdecreaseinnosewidthinpopulationslivingfarawayfromtheequator.Morestudiesarestillneededtotestthelinkbetweenclimateandnoseshape,butZaidibelievesthecurrentfindingsarevaluableinunderstandingpotentialhealthissues.“Aswebecomemoreofaglobalcommunity,wearegoingtocomeacrossclimatethatwedonotadaptto，”hetoldTheGuardian.Thismeansmovingtoaverydifferentclimatemightincreasetheriskofbreathingproblems.nHowever,headded,“Thismaynotbenecessarilytrueforvariousreasonssuchasofmodernmedicineandthefactthatourcurrentclimateisverydifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.”体裁：议论文　题材：基因遗传　主题：人鼻子的高矮由环境决定【语篇解读】　研究表明人的鼻子的形状不是由父母决定的，而是由生活的气候塑造的。【难句分析】　Theresultshowedthatwidernosesaremorecommoninwarmandhumidclimate,whilenarrowernosesaremorecommonincoldanddryclimate.分析：本句包含that引导的宾语从句；while连接两个并列句子，前后表示转折，意为“然而”。译文：结果表明(居住)在温暖潮湿气候环境中的(人)鼻子普遍更宽，然而(居住)在寒冷干燥环境中的(人)鼻子普遍更窄。5．FromthepassageweknowmostpeoplefromSingaporehave________noses.A．wider　　B．narrowerC．smallerD．larger答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句“Theresultshowedthatwidernosesaremorecommoninwarmandhumidclimate,whilenarrowernosesaremorecommonincoldanddryclimate”可知居住在温暖潮湿环境中的人的鼻子普遍更宽，而居住在寒冷干燥环境中的人的鼻子普遍更窄。又因新加坡在温暖湿润地区，故大部分新加坡人有着较宽的鼻子。6．Narrowernosesarehelpfulto________.A．cooltheairB.warmtheairC．takeinmoreoxygenD.drytheair答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句“That,Zaidisaid,couldbebecausenarrowernasalpassageshelptoincreasethemoisture(潮湿)contentofairandwarmit,whichiseasieronourlungs”可知狭窄的鼻孔能温暖进入鼻孔的空气。7．Whatcanbelearnedaboutthestudy?A．Zaidi'steammeasuredhumanskullsusing3Dtechnology.B．Theshapeofournosesisdeterminedbyourparents.C．Noseshapehelpspeopleadapttotheenvironment.D．It'scertainthatpeoplewillsufferfrommorebreathingproblems.答案与解析：C　考查推理判断。根据文章第四段最后两句“That,Zaidisaid,couldbebecausenarrowernasalpassages...toagradualdecreaseinnosewidthinpopulationslivingfarawayfromtheequator”可知鼻子的形状会慢慢改变来适应气候，故C正确。8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．WhatFactorsShapeNoses?B．HowtoMakeYourNoseAttractive?C．NoseShapeCausesBreathingProblemsD．ClimateShapesNoses答案与解析：D　考查主旨大意。根据全文，特别是从第一、第二段的研究结果“theclimatemaybetoblame,notyourparents”“Theyfoundthatclimateplayedakeyroleinshapingournoses”可知D最恰当，即气候塑造鼻子的形状。Ⅱ.完形填空[2019·辽宁五校联考]GöranKroppwasaSwedishadventurerandmountaineer.In1972,attheageofsix,withhisfather'shelp,he__1__Galdhopiggen,thehighestmountaininNorthernEurope.Twentyfouryearslater,hestoodonthehighestpeakintheworld,MountEverest.Hisjourneytothe__2__showsjusthowindependent,persistent(坚持的),anddeterminedthis__3__manis.__4__mostpeoplearriveatthefoothillsofMountEverestbysomesortofmodern__5__，Kroppbicycled8,000milesfromhishomeinSweden.Travelingbybikewasnot__6__.Hestoppedmanytimesto__7__hisbikebecauseroughroadscausednmechanicalproblemsforhim.Inaddition,hewasrunafterbydogs,stungbyhornets(马蜂)andwascaughtintherainseveraltimesbeforehe__8__thebaseofthemountain.Kropp__9__toclimbMountEverestthesamewayhetraveledtothemountain:withoutthe__10__ofothersandwithoutmodernconveniences.Unlikeother__11__Kroppclimbedthemountainwithoutaguideorhelper.Hedidnot__12__bottledoxygentohelphim__13__athighaltitudes,andhecarriedallofhis__14__himselfinapackthatweighedabout140pounds.IttookKropp__15__triestoreachthetopofMountEverest.Thefirsttime,hehadto__16__only350feetfromthetopbecausetheweatherwastoodangerous.Justafewdaysearlier,atthatsameleveleightclimbershad__17__becauseofasuddensnowstorminthemountain.Hefeltdeepsorrowforthem,butbecamemore__18__.Themountaineerwaitedoutthestorm,__19__，andtriedagainafewdayslater.Thistime,hewas__20__.Afterhewalkeddownthemountain,hegotbackonhisbikeandrodethe8,000milesbacktoSweden.体裁：记叙文　题材：人物故事　主题：瑞典探险家GöranKropp登上珠穆朗玛峰【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。瑞典探险家GöranKropp在六岁时便在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen；二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。在登山过程中，他从瑞典骑行8000英里来到山脚，在不借助他人帮助的情况下成功登上山顶。1．A.heardofB．dreamedofC．sawD．climbed答案与解析：D　根据上文“GöranKroppwasaSwedishadventurerandmountaineer”可知，GöranKropp是瑞典探险家和登山者；结合该句“In1972,attheageofsix,withhisfather'shelp,he__1__Galdhopiggen,thehighestmountaininNorthernEurope”可知，他在六岁时，在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen。D项意为“攀登”，故D项正确。A项意为“听说”；B项意为“梦想”；C项意为“看到”。2．A.topB．countryC．areaD．valley答案与解析：A　根据空前一句“Twentyfouryearslater,hestoodonthehighestpeakintheworld,MountEverest”可知，在二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰。由此可知，他登上世界之顶的壮举展示了他的独立、坚韧不拔的精神。A项意为“顶，顶端”，故A项正确。B项意为“国家”，C项意为“地区”，D项意为“山谷”，都与语境不符。3．A.outstandingB．generousC．modestD．honest答案与解析：A　上文提到他登上了世界最高峰，故可推知他是一个杰出的人。A项意为“杰出的”，故A项正确。B项意为“慷慨的，大方的”，C项意为“谦虚的”，D项意为“诚实的”，都与语境不符。4．A.UnlessB．OnceC．WhileD．Because答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“mostpeoplearriveat...Kroppbicycled8,000milesfromhishomeinSweden”可知，尽管大部分人是通过一些现代车辆(vehicle)来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下的，但是Kropp是从瑞典的家里骑行八千英里来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下。C项意为“尽管，虽然”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“除非”，B项意为“一旦”，D项意为“因为”，都与语境不符。5．A.designB．vehicleC．theoryD．material答案与解析：B　参见上题解析。B项意为“车辆”，故B项正确。A项意为“设计”，C项意为“理论”，D项意为“材料”，都与文意不符。6．A.boringB．easyC．tiringD．busy答案与解析：B　根据常识和下文中的“Hestoppedmanytimesto__7__hisnbike”可知，骑行去珠穆朗玛峰脚下是不容易的。B项意为“容易的”，故B项正确。A项意为“令人厌烦的”，C项意为“令人疲劳的”，D项意为“忙碌的”，都与语境不符。7．A.lockB．rideC．repairD．find答案与解析：C　根据下文中的“becauseroughroadscausedmechanicalproblemsforhim”可知，由于崎岖的道路引发自行车机械故障，所以他不得不多次停下修理自行车。C项意为“修理”，故C项正确。A项意为“锁上”，B项意为“骑”，D项意为“发现”，都与语境不符。8．A.leftB．reachedC．discoveredD．toured答案与解析：B　此处表示在抵达山脚下之前，他被狗追赶，被马蜂蜇，数次被困在雨中。B项意为“抵达”，故B项正确。A项意为“离开”；C项意为“发现”；D项意为“游历”。9．A.choseB．refusedC．agreedD．hated答案与解析：A　根据下文中的“withoutthe__10__ofothersandwithoutmodernconveniences”可知，Kropp选择了他到山脚的同样的方式去攀登山峰，即不要别人以及现代设备的帮助。A项意为“选择”，故A项正确。B项意为“拒绝”；C项意为“同意”；D项意为“讨厌”。10．A.presenceB．approvalC．assistanceD．knowledge答案与解析：C　参见上题解析。C项意为“帮助”，故C项正确。A项意为“出席，到场”，B项意为“批准，同意”，D项意为“知识”，都与语境不符。11．A.observersB．travelersC．mountaineersD．hikers答案与解析：C　根据语境可知，此处表示与其他登山者不同的是，Kropp登山没有向导或助手。C项意为“登山者”，故C项正确。A项意为“观察者”，B项意为“旅客”，D项意为“徒步旅行者”，都与文意不符。12．A.gatherB．orderC．shareD．bring答案与解析：D　根据该句中的“Hedidnot__12__bottledoxygentohelphim__13__athighaltitudes”可知，他没有带氧气瓶帮助自己在高山上呼吸。D项意为“携带”，故D项正确。A项意为“收集”，B项意为“订购；命令”，C项意为“分享”，都与语境不符。13．A.breatheB．walkC．liveD．stay答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。A项意为“呼吸”，故A项正确。B项意为“行走”，C项意为“居住；生活”，D项意为“停留”，都与文意不符。14．A.medicinesB．foodC．clothesD．equipment答案与解析：D　根据该句中的“hecarriedallof...inapackthatweighedabout140pounds”可知，他用一个大背包自带所有设备，总重大概140磅。D项意为“设备”，故D项正确。A项意为“药物”；B项意为“食物”；C项意为“衣服”。15．A.twoB．threeC．manyD．several答案与解析：A　根据下文中的“Thefirsttime”以及该段倒数第三句中的“andtriedagainafewdayslater”可知，Kropp尝试了两次才登上珠穆朗玛峰，故A项正确。16．A.goonB．getupC．setoutD．turnback答案与解析：D　根据该句中的“becausetheweatherwastoodangerous”可知，第一次登山时，由于天气太危险，他不得不在离山顶只有350英尺的地方折回。D项意为“折回”，故D项正确。A项意为“继续”；B项意为“起身”；C项意为“出发”。17．A.slippedB．wanderedC．diedD．hurtn答案与解析：C　根据语境并结合该句“Justafewdaysearlier,atthatsameleveleightclimbershad__17__becauseofasuddensnowstorminthemountain”可知，数天前，由于在珠穆朗玛峰相同的高度突然发生暴风雪，八名登山者死亡。C项意为“死亡”，故C项正确。A项意为“滑落”，B项意为“徘徊”，D项意为“伤害(感情)，伤心”，都与语境不符。18．A.astonishedB．determinedC．satisfiedD．discouraged答案与解析：B　根据下文中的“triedagainafewdayslater”可知，等暴风雪停止，数天后他又一次开始登山。由此可知，虽然他为故去的登山者感到悲伤，但是他变得更加坚定了。B项意为“坚定的”，故B项正确。A项意为“惊讶的”；C项意为“满意的”；D项意为“丧气的”。19．A.hidB．stoppedC．survivedD．rested答案与解析：D　根据该句“Themountaineerwaitedoutthestorm,__19__，andtriedagainafewdayslater”可知，这位登山者在暴风雪时休息数天，之后再次开始登山。D项意为“休息”，故D项正确。A项意为“躲藏”；B项意为“停止”；C项意为“生存”。20．A.thoughtfulB．successfulC．doubtfulD．meaningful答案与解析：B　根据下文中的“Afterhewalkeddownthemountain”可知，这次他成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。B项意为“成功的”，故B项正确。A项意为“深思的；体贴的”，C项意为“怀疑”，D项意为“有意义的”，都与语境不符。Ⅲ.语法填空[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]InmuchofAsia,especiallythesocalled“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,__1__Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight__2__(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal__3__(create)specialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,__4__(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.Overtime,__5__thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich__6__(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,__7__livedfromroughly551to479B．C.,influencedthe__8__(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand__9__(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat__10__theirhands.【解题导语】　本文介绍了筷子的历史演变，以及筷子在中国和其他一些亚洲国家的饮食文化中的地位和作用。1．答案与解析：and　China，Japan，Korea和Vietnam是并列的关系，故用and连接。2．答案与解析：bemade　句子的主语chopsticks与谓语make之间是被动关系，由设空处前情态动词might可知，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构是“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”，因此应填bemade。3．答案与解析：tocreate　句意为：能工巧匠还把各种硬木和金属结合起来以创造出特殊的装饰图案。此处是动词不定式短语作目的状语，故填tocreate。4．答案与解析：using　句意为：人们可能用很大的锅做饭，并用树枝来夹食物。此处是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随，即主语同时发出的另一动作。5．答案与解析：nas/when　句意为：随着时间的推移和人口增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，以便食物可以熟得更快。根据句子的结构和逻辑关系可知，前半句是时间状语从句，因此应填as或when，表示“当……的时候”。6．答案与解析：gradually　句意为：小块食物可以很容易地用树枝夹着吃，这些树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。设空处修饰谓语动词turnedinto，作状语，应用副词，故填gradually。7．答案与解析：who　句意为：有些人认为大约生活在公元前551－479年的中国的伟大圣贤孔子，对筷子的演变影响很大。____livedfromroughly551to479B．C.应是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词Confucius起到补充说明的作用，故填who。8．答案与解析：development　句意见上一题解析。根据设空前是定冠词the，设空后是介词of这一结构特征可知，设空处应该填名词，故填development，意为“发展”。9．答案与解析：were　句意为：孔子认为刀子会让人想到杀戮，在餐桌上使用也太过暴力。此处and连接并列谓语wouldremind与设空处，宾语从句的主语是knives，因此be动词应用复数形式，再结合前半句Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremind...可知填be动词的过去式were。10．答案与解析：with　句意为：比如，在印度，大多数人还是习惯用手吃饭。介词with作“用，使用”讲时，表示使用某种工具或人的某一身体部位。