2020版高考英语第一部分语言知识unit1talesoftheunexplained能力提升题组训练（b）牛津译林版

2020版高考英语第一部分语言知识unit1talesoftheunexplained能力提升题组训练（b）牛津译林版

Unit1Talesoftheunexplained能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解AClimateaffectshealthWhenitcomestotheeffectsofclimatechange,weusuallythinkofmeltingicebergs(冰山)andrisingsealevels.Butfewwouldimagineitcouldactuallyimpactourmentalhealthaswell.ArecentstudybyecoAmericaandtheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationfoundjustthat.Itwasdiscoveredthatdisasterslinkedtoclimatechangecouldcauseshockduetopersonalinjuries,lossofalovedone,damagetopropertyoreventhelossoflivelihood.Whenthenegativeemotionscausedbytheseeventseventuallygoaway,theymaybereplacedbylonger-termmentalimpacts.Forexample,bothsuicidesandsuicidalthoughtsmorethandoubledamongpeopleinLouisiana,US,afterHurricaneKatrinahappenedin2005,accordingtothereport.Nearlyhalfofthepeoplelivingintheaffectedareadevelopedanxietyoramooddisordersuchasdepression.However,disastersalonearen’ttheonlycausesofclimatechange-relatedmentalhealthproblems.Changesinclimatealsoharmagriculture,infrastructure(基础设施)andlivability(宜居度),whichinturnaffectjobsandqualityoflife.Asaresult,somepeopleareforcedtoleavetheirhomesandbecomeso-calledclimaterefugees.Theseeffectscanleadtoalossofpersonalandprofessionalidentity,orcausefeelingsofhelplessnessandfear.Theeffectscanalsohaveanimpactonphysicalhealth.Highlevelsofstressandanxietyarelinkedtoconditionssuchasaweakenedimmunesystem.Inaddition,climatechangeisinfluencingthewaycommunitiesinteract(互动).Bothlong-termeffectssuchasdroughtsandextremeweather,suchashurricanes,havebeenshowntomakepeoplemoreaggressiveaccordingtoearlierstudies.nButthereisnoneedtopanic.Theauthorsofthereportsuggestedseveralstrategiespeoplecanusetocopewiththenegativementalimpactsofclimatechange.SusanClayton,leadauthorofthereportandaprofessorofpsychologyattheCollegeofWooster,US,saidthemostimportantthingistoencouragesocialconnections,makepeoplefeelmoresecureandgivethemgreateraccesstoinformation.Anotherimportantfactorisbeingprepared.“Thefactthatmostofusignoreclimatechangemakestheeffectsworsebecausewedon’treallyknowwhattoexpectanditseemsscaryandunknown”,ClaytontoldTheWashingtonPost.“Butifweinformourselvesthatthat’swhatislikelytohappeninourarea,wewouldbemorepreparedandincontrolofthesituation.”sheadded.1.Thearticlemainlytalksabout　　　. A.thenegativeemotionscausedbynaturaldisastersB.whycertainpeoplereacttoclimatechangedifferentlyC.theeffectsofclimatechangeonmentalhealthandsomepossiblesolutionsD.howthestudyofnegativefeelingsledtoabetterunderstandingofclimatechange2.Whichofthefollowingpeoplecouldbecalledaclimaterefugee?A.AfarmerwholosthiskidsinHurricaneKatrina.B.Afishermanwhogaveuphishomeduetorisingsealevels.C.Amanwhoexperiencedatyphoonsufferingfromdepression.D.Awomanwhoisextremelyafraidofstormyweather.3.Wecanlearnfromthelastfourparagraphsthat　　　. A.climatechangehasbecomeawidelyrecognizedpublicissueB.thepublicneedsimmediateaccesstoinformationaboutclimatechangeC.thethreatofclimatechangeisnotasbigasitseemsD.theinfluenceofclimatechangecouldbereducedifpeoplepreparedmore语篇解读:本文是议论文。本文指出气候对人体的影响及相关应对措施。答案及剖析:1.C　主旨大意题。全文指出气候改变对人体尤其是精神方面的影响及应对措施。故C项正确。n2.B　推理判断题。由第四段“Asaresult,somepeopleareforcedtoleavetheirhomesandbecomeso-calledclimaterefugees”可知,由于天气变化的原因被迫弃家而去的一些人称之为climaterefugees,可推知B项正确。3.D　推理判断题。由后四段尤其是最后两段的具体描述和倒数第三段的论断可知D项正确。BThefreezingNortheasthasn’tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter,sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota,Florida,mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“sunshine”.IleftforthelandofwarmthandvitaminC(维生素C),thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair,Isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend,butthebestpart-particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetables-wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers’marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.Themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a.m.to1p.m.,rainorshine,alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries;thered-paintedsidesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck;andmostofall,thetomatoes:amazing,large,softandroundredtomatoes.Disappointedbymanyabroken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,I’verefusedtobuywintertomatoesforyears.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore,onceIgetthemhomethey’reunfailinglydry,hard,andtasteless.ButIhomedin,withuncertainty,ononeparticulartableattheBrown’sGroveFarm’sstand,fulloffreshandsofttomatoesthesizeofmyfist.Theseweretherealdeal-andatthatmoment,IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingtobeeatingthingsthatbackhomeinNewYorkIwouldn’tbeexperiencingagainformonths.DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrown’sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,where-luckilyforme-Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeingthemenu,IknewI’dbeorderingeverytomatoonit.n4.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.5.Whatmadetheauthor’sgettingupearlyworthwhile?A.Havingaswim.B.Breathinginfreshair.C.Walkinginthemorningsun.D.Visitingalocalfarmers’market.6.WhatcanwelearnabouttomatoessoldinNewYorkinwinter?A.Theyaresoft.B.Theylooknice.C.Theytastegreat.D.Theyarejuicy.7.Whatwastheauthorgoingtodothatevening?A.Gotoafarm.B.Checkintoahotel.C.Eatinarestaurant.D.Buyfreshvegetables.语篇解读:本文为一篇记叙文。作者冬季去佛罗里达州的萨拉索塔度假,游泳池、品酒以及粉红色的晚霞都令作者陶醉不已。但是,最吸引作者的并不是这些,那么,到底是什么呢?大家快来读一读文章吧!答案及剖析:4.B　推理判断题。由第一段中的ThefreezingNortheasthasn’tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter和dulledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetables可知,作者厌倦了纽约的冬天,因为那里根本没有乐趣,同时也厌倦了冬天的根茎蔬菜,所以可以推断出作者认为纽约的冬天是令人厌烦、枯燥和单调的。故选B项。A项exciting“令人兴奋的”,显然与作者真实的感受相反;C项relaxing“令人放松的”,文中体现不出作者明显的放松情绪;annoying“令人恼怒的”,作者只是感觉“枯燥、单调”,并非“恼怒”。5.D　细节理解题。根据题干关键信息词worthwhile可以定位到第一段的最后一句。由...thebestpart...wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers’marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.可知,作者认为,早起去萨拉索塔农贸市场很值得,因此选D项。6.B　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的...I’verefusedtobuywintertomatoesforyears.可知,作者在纽约已经好多年不买冬季出售的西红柿了,然后通过Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore,onceIgetthemhomethey’reunfailinglyndry,hard,andtasteless.可知,纽约冬季出售的西红柿只是看起来好看,但是吃着发干、很硬而且无味。故B项正确。A、C、D三项与作者所描述的纽约冬季出售的西红柿的现实情况相反,故排除。7.C　推理判断题。根据题干关键信息词thatevening可定位到最后一段中的...IlearnedthatBrown’sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.,句中的thatverynight是关键信息词。由此可知,这个农场是JackDusty(一个新开的饭馆)的一个(蔬菜和水果)供应商,而幸运的是作者那晚正好要去这个位于SarasotaRitzCarlton的饭馆吃饭。故C项正确。此处并未提到“晚上去一个农场”“入住一家宾馆”,因此可以排除A、B两项。文章最后一句话说的是在那个饭馆直接点(order)每一道带西红柿的菜,而不是D项所说的“买新鲜的蔬菜”。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018福建厦门质检)Lastyear,ImetmyfriendSteveataparty.HeinvitedmetotakepartinateachingprojectoverthewinterbreakinCambodia.Themorehetalkedaboutit,themore1.　　　　(interest)Ibecame.Ilefttheparty2.　　　　(think)Imightactuallydoit. Myimmediateexcitementgaveinto3.　　　　(excuse)astheweekspassed.Thetripwouldbeexpensive,I4.　　　　(have)lesstimetospendwithmyfamilyoverthewinterbreak,andIhadn’treallytraveledbefore.Mostofall,Iwasterrifiedoftakingtherisk. OnthedayImademydecision,Isuddenly5.　　　　(feel)asifIhadopenedmyeyes6.　　　　(final)andseenmyselfclearly.Ihadmovedawayfromhome,almostgraduatedfromcollege7.　　　　overcomeseveralsmall-scalefears.Icouldnotletfeargetinthewayofaonce-in-a-lifetimeopportunity.SoItookthechallenge. Beforethetrip,Ihadn’tknown8.　　　　Iwantedtodoaftergraduation.NowIamplanningonteachingEnglishabroad.Iamstillamazedbymyexperienceandthankfulforeverythingithastaught9.　　　　(I).NowIamnotafraidtotakeonchallengesandhavefaith10.　　　　myself. 语篇解读:本文为记叙文。去年我的朋友史蒂夫邀请我在寒假期间去柬埔寨任教,我欣然接n受了。答案及剖析:1.interested　考查形容词。本题采用了“Themore...,themore...”句型。设空处作系动词became的表语,故用形容词形式。2.thinking　考查非谓语动词。think与主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故答案为thinking。3.excuses　考查名词复数。根据下文可推知借口不止一个,故设空处填excuse的复数形式excuses。4.wouldhave　考查时态。设空处表示过去将来的事情,故用过去将来时。5.felt　考查时态。设空处表示过去的情况,故用一般过去时。6.finally　考查副词。设空处需用副词作状语。7.and　三个动词为递进关系,故用and连接。8.what　“　　　　Iwantedtodo”为宾语从句,该从句缺少宾语且表示“事物”,故用what引导。 9.me　考查代词。设空处需用代词宾格形式作taught的宾语。10.in　考查介词。havefaithin为固定短语,意为:信任。Ⅲ.短文改错WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso,we’lllivetoregretit.答案:WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomein∧thecountryside.Theretheairiscleanthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately,thedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeen　nshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryproblem.Thewebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.rareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustwaystoprotectenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso,we’lllivetoregretit.剖析:考查时态。前句是一般过去时,且本复合句的从句用了过去将来时,故此处应用一般过去时,以符合“时态一致”原则。小时候,我希望在城市里居住。我原以为在那里我会很幸福。是过去以为,要用一般过去时态。考查冠词。城市生活与乡村生活对比,此处特指乡村,所以用inthecountryside。考查连词。乡村的空气是干净的,大山是翠绿翠绿的。前后是并列关系。考查介词with。with表示“随着……”。考查语态。此处表示“研究表明”,所以用主动语态。考查形容词修饰名词。用形容词修饰名词problem,不能用副词形式。averyseriousproblem一个非常严重的问题。考查名词单复数。air“空气”是不可数名词,不能用复数形式。考查限定词。many修饰后面的可数名词复数animals。考查情态动词。情态动词后要用动词原形。考查代词。前后代词要一致,前面的主语为we,所以此处应该用our或the。