2020版高考英语复习unit19language知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

2020版高考英语复习unit19language知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

Unit19Language课时练1　阅读理解提速练[学生用书P323(单独成册)]阅读理解A(2019·四川绵阳诊断)Whilemoneycan’ttechnicallybuyhappiness，itcanbuyyouamoodlifting,outlookimprovingvacation.Haven’tmadeplansyettoskiptownthiswinter?Thesemoneysavingtraveltipscanhelpyoubookthedestinationofyourchoiceandenjoyyourtimethere—withoutbreakingthebank.FLYTHECOOPFASTIfyou’replanningtosetoffforanadventurerightaway,trytheGTFO(GetTheFlightOut)app.Itliststhecheapestroundtripflightsdepartingfromyourlocalairportthatdayorbythenextmorning.Atpresstime，airfarewasdown12percentfromlastAugustandroundtripticketsfordomesticflightsaveraged$218.SNAGADISCOUNTERHOTELROOMIfAirbnbisn’tyourstyle,reservemarkeddownaccommodationsonTingo.com,whichlistsalmostalltheroomsinmorethan155，000locationsworldwide.AfteryoubookaPriceDroproom，thesitemonitorsratesuntil，typically，24to48hoursbeforecheckin.Ifthepricedrops，Tingorefundsyouthedifference.LIVEITUPLOCALLYIfyou’replanningastaycation(宅度假)thiswinter，tryanaffordableescapeclosetohome.ThefreeappHotelTonightofferslodging(旅馆)dealsinmorethan100U．S.andCanadiancitiesandregions,andhasalocationbasedfeaturethatgivesextrasavingsonalreadydiscountedpricesonspotsclosesttoyou.Samedaypricesfallevenlowerafter6p．m.【解题导语】　本文给出了三种旅游的小建议，既可以让你玩得开心，又可以让你省钱。1．TheGTFOappismostusefultothosewho________．A．takearegularbusinesstripB．seekalastminutetravelC．can’taffordacomfortabletravelnD．planashortdistanceflightB　解析：细节理解题。根据FLYTHECOOPFAST部分第一句可知，theGTFOapp可以提供给你说走就走的旅行，也就是最后一分钟作出决定的旅行。故选B项。2．Theunderlinedword“markeddown”inParagraph3means“________”．A．highlightedB．writtenC．discountedD．scoredC　解析：词义猜测题。根据下一句中的aPriceDroproom可知，在Tingo.com上可以预订打折的住宿。由此可猜测，markeddown的意思是“打折的；减价的”，与discounted意思相近。故选C项。3．WhatcanweinferabouttheappHotelTonight?A．OnlytheU．S.nativescanuseit.B．ItsdealsincludethewholeAmerica.C．Pricesstaythesamewithinaday.D．Itsservicesvaryfromplacetoplace.D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，该应用会提供具有当地特色的服务。故选D项。B(2019·沈阳教学质量监测)Encouraginglifetobloom(兴旺)inthemiddleofadesertisnoeasytask.ButonecompanyintheUnitedArabEmirateshascomeupwithaplantoprovidedrinkingwaterforthestate’scitizens.ThecompanyintendstodragicebergsfromAntarcticatothegulfcoastinordertoharvestitsfreshwater.ThecompanyplanstosourcethemassiveblocksoficefromHeardIsland,around600milesoffthecoastofmainlandAntarctica.Itwillthentransportthemaround5，500milestoFujairah,onepartoftheUAE.Oneicebergcouldprovideenoughwaterforonemillionpeopleoverfiveyears,accordingtothecompany.Thecompany’sdirectorsaystheyhavealreadytravelledthetransportationrouteandcheckedthepossibilityofthescheme,accordingtoreportsinGulfNews.SpeakingtothesiteaboutwhatheiscallingtheUAEIcebergProject,AbdullahMohammadSulaimanAlShehisaid,“Wehavemadethetechnicalandfinancialplan.Wewillstarttheprojectatthebeginningof2018.Wewantitmainlyforthenwater.Itcouldalsobegoodfortourismandtheweather.”TheUAEisoneofthedriestcountriesintheworld,duetoitsextremelyaridclimate,whichreceiveslessthanfourinchesofrainfallperyear.Despitethat,itconsumesmorewaterthandoubletheglobalnationalaverage,puttingthecountryatsevereriskofdroughtsoverthenext25years.Anaverageicebergcontainsmorethan20billiongallonsofwater,accordingtothecompany.Theicebergtakesalongtimetomeltas80percentofitisunderthewater,whilethewhiteiceabovereflectssunlightanddeflects(使转向)itsheat.Blocksoficewillbeplacedingianttanks,beforebeingprocessed.“Thisisthepurestwaterintheworld，”Mr.AlShehiadded.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，文中介绍了阿联酋有一家公司计划把南极洲的冰山运到附近的海湾，以解决国内的缺水问题。4．WhatcanwelearnabouttheUAEproject?A．ItwillhelptheUAEharvestfreshwater.B．ItwillencouragelifetoboominAntarctica.C．ItwillputtheUAEatsevereriskofdroughts.D．ItwillcompletelychangetheclimateintheUAE.A　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“ThecompanyintendstodragicebergsfromAntarcticatothegulfcoastinordertoharvestitsfreshwater.”可知，这个项目会给阿联酋带来淡水。故选A项。5．Wherecouldtheblockoficecomefrom?A．TheAtlanticOcean.　B．Fujairah.C．TheGulf.D．HeardIsland.D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“ThecompanyplanstosourcethemassiveblocksoficefromHeardIsland,around600milesoffthecoastofmainlandAntarctica.”可知，这个公司计划从HeardIsland上获取冰山。source在本句中表示“从……获得”。6．WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbenefitfromtheproject?A．Thelocalpeople.B．Antarctica.C．Theweather.D．Tourism.B　解析：细节理解题。根据文中第二段中的“Oneicebergcouldprovideenoughwaterforonemillionpeopleoverfiveyears”和第三段中的“Itcouldalsobegoodfortourismandtheweather.”可知，冰山可以为人们带来淡水，这个项目对旅游业和气候也有利，结合题目要求可知选B项。7．Theauthormentionsthenatureoficeinthelastparagraphtoshown________．A．theprocessoftheprojectB．thepossibilityoftheplanC．thepurposeofthecompanyD．thecommentsontheschemeB　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中提到的冰山含有大量的水且融化需要很长时间，再结合“Blocksoficewillbeplacedingianttanks,beforebeingprocessed.”可以推知，作者在该段提及冰的特性意在表明该计划的可实施性，故选B项。C(2019·陕西部分学校检测)AprincipalinManhattaninformedparentsthattherewouldbenomorehomeworkforthepublicschool’sstudents.Andthencamethearguments—notfromteachers,butfromparents.Somesaidtheywouldtransfertheirchildrentoanotherschool.Somesaidtheywerefindingonlinesourcesofhomeworkfortheirchildren.TheywerenotconvincedoftheexplanationfromPrincipalJaneHsuaboutthenegativeeffectsofhomeworkonyoungchildren,includinglackoftimeforotheractivitiesandfamilytime,andlossofinterestinlearning.Hsusuggestedchildrenshouldspendtheirtimeonactivitiesthathadbeenfoundtobegoodfortheiracademic,socialandemotionaldevelopment.AsasupporterofHsu’sapproach,Iwonderhowmanyoftheparentalargumentsoccurnotbecauseofwhatchildrenwillmissouton,butbecauseparentsthemselvesnolongerfeelconfidentabouttheirabilitytohelptheirchildrendevelopwithouthighlystructuredactivitiestoguidethem.I’mremindedofameetingattheschoolmyyoungerdaughterwasabouttostartwhenshewas6.Theheadoftheschoolmetwithparentstosaythatshewasalsoconsideringdoingawaywithhomework.Onemomobjectedbecausehomeworkwasher“specialtime”eachdaywithherchildwhentheycouldsitdowntogethertogothroughthework.Theheadoftheschoolappearedsurprisedatthis.Shegentlysuggestedthatthemothershouldreadtoherchild,orthattheyshouldcookdinnertogether.It’sbeensadalreadytoseethatkids,betweentheirstructuredsoccerpracticesandtheirhomework,haveverylittletimetoplay.Butit’sevensaddertoseetheparentalnervousnessaboutwhatmighthappentoathirdgraderwhohasmoretimetocreate,think,read，interactwithothers,orimagine.Whatmighthappen,Ibelieve,mustbemorehappiness,moreenergyandbetterphysicalfitness.n【解题导语】　曼哈顿的一位校长通知家长她的学校将不再给学生布置家庭作业，此举在家长中引发了激烈的讨论。作者本人对这位校长的方法表示支持，并持乐观的态度。8．Fromthepassage,weknow________．A．teachersarestronglyopposedtogivingnohomeworktotheirstudentsB．theideaofnohomeworkhasledtoaheateddebateC．childrengreatlybenefitfromtheideaofnohomeworkD．otheractivitieshavetakentheplaceofthehomeworkB　解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“Andthencamethearguments—notfromteachers,butfromparents.”可知，不再布置家庭作业的做法在家长中引起了激烈的讨论，故选B项。9．Whydidonemomobjecttotheideaofnohomeworkforkids?A．Herchildmightloseinterestinlearning.B．Herchildmighthavelesstimetothink.C．Sheenjoyedthetimedoinghomeworkwithherchild.D．Homeworkisgoodforchildren’sacademicdevelopment.C　解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“Onemomobjected...gothroughthework.”可知，与孩子一块儿做作业对这位母亲来说是件让她高兴的事，所以她反对取消家庭作业这一想法，故选C。10．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsPrincipalJaneHsu’ssuggestion?A．Indifferent.B．Positive.C．Negative.D．Critical.B　解析：观点态度题。由第二段中的“AsasupporterofHsu’sapproach”和最后一段中的“Whatmighthappen...betterphysicalfitness.”可以看出，作者持乐观的态度，故选B。11．Thepassageismainlyabout________．A．whethertheparentsshouldtransfertheirchildrentopublicschoolB．thebenefitsofdoinghomeworkC．thenecessityofchangingtheeducationsystemD．whetherthestudentsshoulddohomeworkafterschoolD　解析：主旨大意题。结合全文可知，一位校长通知家长她的学校将取消家庭作业，家长之间就此展开了激烈的讨论，讨论的焦点是“应不应该取消学生的家庭作业”，D项与此相符合，故选D。D(2019·洛阳第一次统考)Ilookaroundandcan’trecognizewhereIam.Itseemsfamiliarbutdistant.IseemyfriendsgatherbyastagewheremusicisplayingandnIrunover.AsIbeginrunningtowardsthem,theybecomefurtherandfurtheraway.Ikeepcallingthem,butnoonehearsme.IstarthearingadistantalarmlikesoundandIamtransportedaway.Iwokeupinadaze(茫然)sittinginmybed.“Oh,itwasonlyadream，”Isaidtomyself,Ihavealwayshadvividandintensedreams.Sometimes,itfeelslikeIhaven’tevensleptbecauseIhavebeenlivinginmydreamsduringmysleep.Today,dreamingisbeingstudiedevenmorethanever.Somesaythatdreamsarehowyourreceptors(感受器)makesenseofrandomthoughtswhileyousleep.Somesaythatyoucan’tdreamofafaceyouhaveneverseenbefore,soeveryoneyouseeinyourdreamsiswhomyouhaveatleastlaideyesonatonetimeoranother.Otherpeoplethinkdreamsarewaysofexpressingstressorinternalfeelingsyoumaybeexperiencing.Alotofpeoplesaythattheyhavedreamsaboutbeingchased(追逐).Acommoninterpretationofthe“beingchased”dreamisthatyouarefeelingthreatened.Somedreaminterpretationsitessayyoushouldtrytoreflectonwhatorwhoischasingyoutogetabetterideaofwhatismakingyoufeelthisway.Anotherdreamthatisoftenexperiencedisflying.Thisdreamhasamuchmorepositiveinterpretation,whichisthatyouarefeelingfreeorhavebrokenoutofabadsituationsuchasarelationshipturningsourorajobyouhate.Unfortunately,youmayforgethalfofyourdreamwithinfiveminutesofwakingupandwithin10minutes,youusuallyforget90percentofit.Dreamologists,peoplewhodevotetimetothestudyandinterpretationofdreams,suggestifyouwanttotrytorememberandstudyyourdreamsyoushouldkeepadiarybesideyourbedandwritedownwhatyoudreamtassoonasyouwakeupsoyoucanreflectonitlater.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，作者通过讲述自己做的梦来引出话题，分析了梦所代表的意义。12．Dreamsof“beingchased”occurbecause________．A．youarefeelingthreatenedB．youjustquitajobyouhateC．yourfriendsarefarawayfromyouwhenyouareinneedD．yourreceptorsarealwaysthinkingwhileyousleepA　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Acommoninterpretationofthe‘beingchased’dreamisthatyouarefeelingthreatened.”可知，对于梦中“被追逐”n的常见解读是你正感觉受到威胁。故选A项。13．Whyshouldwekeepadiarybesideourbedtoreflectondreams?A．Weneedtochasethosepeoplewhoappearedinourdreams.B．Weusuallyforget90percentofadreamwithin10minutes.C．Itcanhelpusgetoutoftheintensedreams.D．Itcanhelpussleepwellwithoutdreams.B　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“youmayforgethalfofyourdreamwithinfiveminutesofwakingupandwithin10minutes，youusuallyforget90percentofit”可知，人可能会在醒来后5分钟内忘掉一半的梦，10分钟内，往往已经忘掉了90%。因此我们可以在床边放一本日记本，方便醒来后马上把梦写下来。故选B项。14．Wherecanwereadthisarticle?A．Inaposter.B．Inaphysicsbook.C．Inatravellingmagazine.D．Inasciencenewspaper.D　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文对梦进行了分析，并对梦中“被追逐”和“飞翔”进行了解读，因此本文属于科学范畴，故选D项。15．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhyAmIAlwaysDreamingB．HowIsMyDreamCreatedC．WhatDoMyDreamsMeanD．HowtoAvoidDreamsC　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文并根据第三段中的“Somesaythatdreamsarehowyourreceptors(感受器)makesenseofrandomthoughtswhileyousleep.”及第四段中的“Otherpeoplethinkdreamsarewaysofexpressingstressorinternalfeelingsyoumaybeexperiencing.”可知，本文对梦所代表的意义进行了分析，故选C项。七选五(2019·辽宁五校联考)Shortnessofbreathhasmanydifferentcauses，andthetreatmentofitisspecificforeachcause.1.________Thereare,however，somefollowingfirstaidstepsyoucanusetotreatit，atleastuntiltheambulancearrivesoryou’reabletogetthevictimtoahospital.2．________Themoreenergyyouspend,themoreoxygenyouuseandthemoreshortofbreathyoufeel.Thinkaboutagoodworkoutatthegym.Exercisehardenoughandyouwillfeelshortofbreath.Thecure?Takeabreak.nLetthevictimsit,standorliewhere’sthemostcomfortable.There’relotsofmythsabouthowsomebodypositionssupposedlyprovidemoreairflow.Coachesregularlytellplayerstoholdtheirarmsabovetheirheadstomaximizechestexpansion.Nursingstaffassumethe“tripodposition”isthebestposition.3.________Useoxygen.Thisisaspecialcaseusedonlyforpeoplewithchroniclungproblems.Ifthevictimhasoxygenavailable,thisiswhatit’sfor.4.________Thevictimmayhavebeentoldbyhisorherdoctorthattoomuchoxygenfortoolongmightcausemoreproblems.Assurethevictimthatsuddenincreasesinshortnessofbreatharetheinstancesinwhichoxygenisneededmost.Treatthecauseofshortnessofbreath.5.________Asthmapatients，forexample，oftenhavemultipletoolsanddrugstofixsuddenshortnessofbreath.Victimsoflunginfectionsmayneedtoseeadoctorandheartattackvictimsmayneedanambulance.A．Havethevictimrest.B．Takemoreexerciseatthegym.C．Thevictimshouldusehisorheroxygenasdirectedbyadoctor.D．There’remanycausesofshortnessofbreathandmanyofthemaretreatable.E．Thevictimcantrytoavoidmakinguseofhisorheroxygenwheneverpossible.F．Everypersonisdifferent,however，soletthevictimdecidewhatpositionisthemostcomfortable.G．Inmanycases，theonlywaytotreatshortnessofbreathistocall911ortakethevictimtoadoctor.【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了呼吸困难的发生有很多原因，同时提出了四种急救方法。1．G　解析：本段主要讲呼吸困难有很多原因，治疗呼吸困难有不同的方法，因此空处应讲治疗呼吸困难的一般方法，且与下文构成转折关系，故选G。2．A　解析：根据本段中的“Thecure?Takeabreak.”可知，本段主要讲让患者休息这种方法，故选A。3．F　解析：根据第三段的主题句可知，此处表示每个人感觉舒服的方式都不同，所以空处应讲让病人决定最舒服的姿势，故选F。4．C　解析：根据本段的主题句可以判断此处指要使用氧气，故选C。n5．D　解析：根据空处上下文可以判断，此处表示呼吸困难有很多原因，但是可以治疗的，故选D。课时练2　知识运用板块练[学生用书P326(单独成册)]完形填空(2019·济南针对性训练)Ataxidrivertaughtmealessonincustomersatisfactionandexpectations.Inspiringspeakers__1__thousandsofdollarstogivethiskindoftrainingtocorporatedirectorsandstaff.Itcostmeonlya$12__2__ride.Ihad__3__intoDallasjustforthepurposeofcallingonaclient.Timewaspreciousandmy__4__includedaquickroundtripfromandbacktotheairport.A__5__taxipulledup.Thedriverrushedto__6__thepassengerdoorformeandmadesureIwas__7__seatedbeforeheclosedthedoor.Ashegotinthedriver’sseat，he__8__thattheneatlyfoldedWallStreetJournalnexttomewasformyuse.Hethenshowedmeseveral__9__andaskedmewhattypeofmusicIwouldenjoy.Icouldnotbelievethe__10__Iwasreceiving！Itooktheopportunitytosay,“__11__youtakegreatprideinyourwork.Youmusthavea__12__toshare.”“Youbet，”he__13__，“IusedtobeinCorporateAmerica.ButIwastiredofthinkingmybestwouldneverbegoodenough.I__14__tofindmyrightpositioninlife，whereIcouldfeel__15__ofbeingthebest.Ilovedrivingcars，andfeelinglikeIhavedoneafullday’sworkanddoneit__16__．SoIchosetobecomea__17__．OnethingIknowforsure，tobegoodinmybusinessIjusthavetomeettheexpectationsofmypassengers.__18__，tobegreatinmybusiness，Ihavetogo__19__thecustomer’sexpectations！”Thetaxidrivertaughtmeagreatlife__20__：Goanextramilewhenprovidinganyservicetoothers.【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了一名出租车司机给作者上了一堂关于如何达到客户满意和期望的课。1．A.offerB．chargeC．payD．affordB　解析：根据空后的“thousandsofdollarstogivethiskindoftrainingtocorporatedirectorsandstaff.Itcostmeonlya$12”可知，励志演讲家的培训是要收费的。charge表示“收费”，符合语境。2．A.taxiB．busC．carD．trainnA　解析：根据文章第一句“Ataxidrivertaughtmealessonincustomersatisfactionandexpectations.”可知，出租车司机收作者12美元。3．A.drivenB．flownC．runD．cycledB　解析：根据第二段第二句的“Timewaspreciousandmy______includedaquickroundtripfromandbacktotheairport.”可知，作者当时是乘飞机去的。4．A.hopeB．purposeC．planD．choiceC　解析：根据语境可知，时间很珍贵，作者的计划中包括往返机场的旅程。5．A.privateB．roughC．slowD．cleanD　解析：根据下文的“theneatlyfoldedWallStreetJournalnexttomewasformyuse”可推知，出租车很干净。6．A.openB．lockC．pushD．shutA　解析：结合“thepassengerdoorforme”可推知，司机赶快跑过来给作者开车门。7．A.silentlyB．comfortablyC．tightlyD．casuallyB　解析：根据语境可推知，该司机注重乘客的满意度，所以他一定确保作者乘坐舒适。8．A.declaredB．concludedC．foundD．mentionedD　解析：根据语境可推知，司机向乘客提醒有杂志可看。mention“提到”。9．A.picturesB．mapsC．tapesD．booksC　解析：根据空后的“askedmewhattypeofmusicIwouldenjoy”可推知，司机给作者拿出几盘音乐磁带让他选择。10．A.serviceB．giftC．invitationD．adviceA　解析：根据空后的“Iwasreceiving”可推知，作者对出租车司机提供的服务非常吃惊，难以相信。receivetheservice“接受服务”。11．A.ActuallyB．ObviouslyC．GraduallyD．SuddenlyB　解析：由空后的“Youmusthavea______toshare.”以及语境可推知，显而易见，作者认为出租车司机为自己的工作自豪。n12．A.chanceB．secretC．storyD．rideC　解析：根据空后的“toshare”以及语境可推知，此处表示有故事分享。13．A.whisperedB．arguedC．sighedD．repliedD　解析：根据语境可知，司机回应了作者的推断。14．A.decidedB．promisedC．happenedD．hesitatedA　解析：根据空前的“Iwastiredofthinking”可推知，司机决定行动起来，找到生活中合适的位置而不是一味地想想。15．A.carefulB．proudC．afraidD．curiousB　解析：根据第三段第二句中的“youtakegreatprideinyourwork”可推知，司机想做到最好并为自己的工作自豪。16．A.earlyB．rapidlyC．cautiouslyD．wellD　解析：根据语境可推知，司机想把工作做好。17．A.driverB．directorC．clientD．speakerA　解析：根据语境可知，他决定转行当一名司机。18．A.BesidesB．ThereforeC．HoweverD．PerhapsC　解析：根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用However“然而”。19．A.againstB．withinC．overD．beyondD　解析：根据文章最后一句“Goanextramilewhenprovidinganyservicetoothers.”可知，要想做到最好，就要多为客户考虑，超出客户的期望。beyond“超出”。20．A.methodB．experienceC．lessonD．standardC　解析：根据文章开头“Ataxidrivertaughtmealessonincustomersatisfactionandexpectations.”可知，此处表示司机给作者上了生动的一课。语法填空Nobodywantstobeaged,but1.____________itcomestovisitingcitiesmostofuswanttovisittheworld’soldestcities.Luoyangisoneoftheoldestandnmost2.____________(attraction)citiesintheworldthatI’dliketorecommendtoyou.Luoyangstandsout3.____________theoldestcontinuallyinhabitedcityinAsia.Thecityisconsideredtobe4.____________birthplaceofChinesecultureandhistoryaswellasbeingoneoftheSevenAncientCapitalsofChina.There5.____________(be)noothercityinChinathathasseensomany6.____________(dynasty)likeLuoyang.Withsuchalongandexcitinghistory,Luoyanghasreallyalot7.____________(offer).TheLongmenGrottoes,which8.____________(include)ontheWorldHeritageListin2000,andmanyhistoricBuddhisttemples9.____________(constant)attracttouristsfromallovertheworld.LuoyangisalsofamousfortheWhiteHorseTemple，theearliestBuddhisttemple10.____________(establish)inChina.Areyouanxioustovisitthecity?【解题导语】　本文是说明文，介绍了古都洛阳。洛阳拥有悠久的、激动人心的历史和诸多名胜古迹。对游客来说，洛阳是一个值得一游的城市。1．when　解析：考查状语从句。whenitcomesto...为固定结构，意为“当提到……时”。2．attractive　解析：考查形容词。空处在句中作定语修饰cities，故用形容词attractive“吸引人的”。3．as　解析：考查介词。as在句中意为“作为”。standoutas“作为……而出类拔萃”。4．the　解析：考查冠词。此处用定冠词，特指中国文化和历史的发源地。5．is　解析：考查时态及主谓一致。文中客观介绍了洛阳的相关事实，用一般现在时。空格处所在句为Therebe句型，句中主语为noothercityinChina，所以be动词用第三人称单数。6．dynasties　解析：考查名词复数。根据空前的“somany”可知此处用dynasty的复数形式。7．tooffer　解析：考查非谓语动词。have意为“有”时，后面一般用带to的不定式作定语。8．wereincluded　解析：考查时态和语态。句中的时间状语“in2000”表明空格处用一般过去时；which(指代TheLongmenGrottoes)与include之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；Grottoes为复数形式，故用were。9．constantly　解析：考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词，故用副词。10．establishedn　解析：考查非谓语动词。establish与所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且表示一个完成的动作，所以用过去分词作定语。课时练3　语法写作增分练[学生用书P327(单独成册)]第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019·河北五个一名校联考)Asyouknow,scienceplays61.____________veryimportantroleinoureducation.Doyouwanttokeepup62.____________thelatestresearchanddiscoveriesinscience?Therearemanygoodwebsites63.____________youcancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.OnegreatsiteisScienceNewsforKids.Thissitereportssciencenews64.____________(cover)awiderangeofsubjects.Thearticlesareintendedforyoungerreaders,butadultswillfindthissite65.____________(suit)forthemaswell.Anotherwonderfulsite,onethatIcheckouteveryday,66.____________(call)ScienceDaily.Thesiteis67.____________(constant)updatedwithnews,oftenaboutexciting68.____________(finding)thatchangehowweviewtheworld.Thesesitespostthelateststoriesandalsokeepallthepastarticlesthey69.____________(post)earlier.Thatwayyoucanfindarticlesjustaboutanythingthat70.____________(be)relatedtothesciencefieldsyouareinterestedin.【解题导语】　众所周知，科学在我们的教育中充当了一个很重要的角色。文章向我们介绍了几个方便查询最新科技信息的网站。61．a　解析：考查冠词。playanimportantrolein...为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。62．with　解析：考查介词。你想紧跟科技界最新的研究和发现吗？keepupwith为固定搭配，意为“跟上，紧跟，不落在……后面”。63．where　解析：考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于onwhich。64．covering　解析：考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，该句中已经有谓语动词reports，提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用cover的v.ing形式作后置定语，在此相当于whichcovers。65．suitable　解析：考查形容词。这里构成“find＋宾语＋形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。66．iscalled　解析：考查语态和时态。另一个“我”每天查看的精彩网站被称作每日科学。onethatIcheckouteveryday是主语Anotherwonderfulsite的同位语，n且主语和call构成被动关系，再结合全文的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。67．constantly　解析：考查副词。修饰动词updated，作状语，故用副词。68．findings　解析：考查名词的数。finding为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。69．posted　解析：考查动词的时态。这里指的是thepastarticles(以前的文章)，也就是说是以前发布的，所以用一般过去时。70．is　解析：考查主谓一致。关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019·长春普通高中质量监测二)Oneday,whenIwasabout5or6yearsold,myparentswenttoatrip.Grandmaseemedsohappytotakecareofmewhichshemademeaspecialbreakfast.Therefore,Icomplainedaboutthefoodshecooked.Grandmaquietputdownthebowlandwentintothelivingroom.Ifollowedandsawtearinhereyes.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhaveeverseenmystronggrandmothertocry.AndIknewIwastheonewhohadcausedit.Iapologizedandaskedhertoforgiveme.ShesmiledandtoldmeIwasgoodboyevenifIdidn’tfeellikeonethen.Thatmemorywillstayinherheartforever,becauseIlearnthataskforforgivenesshelpsmetolearnandgrow.答案：Oneday,whenIwasabout5or6yearsold,myparentswentatrip.Grandmaseemedsohappytotakecareofmeshemademeaspecialbreakfast.，Icomplainedaboutthefoodshecooked.Grandmaputdownthebowlandwentintothelivingroom.Ifollowedandsawinhereyes.ItwasthefirsttimenthatIeverseenmystronggrandmothercry.AndIknewIwastheonewhohadcausedit.Iapologizedandaskedhertoforgiveme.ShesmiledandtoldmeIwasgoodboyevenifIdidn’tfeellikeonethen.Thatmemorywillstayinheartforever,becauseIlearnthatforforgivenesshelpsmetolearnandgrow.第二节　书面表达(满分25分)假设你是李华，今年将要参加高考。你想在大学里学习外语专业，但是你的老师和父母都对你的选择提出了不同看法，对此你很苦恼。请根据下表提示，用英语给你的英国笔友David发一封邮件，谈谈你的专业选择问题。建议专业理由父母的建议金融为将来从商做准备老师的建议法律就业前景好你的想法外语充分发挥自己的语言天赋　　注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。DearDavid，Iamatalossnowadays.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iamlookingforwardtoyouradvice.Yours，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：Dear__David，I__am__at__a__loss__nowadays.Myteacherandparentshavedifferentopinionsnaboutchoosingmymajorincollege.MyparentsthinkIshouldmajorinfinancebecausetheyfeelthatitwillpreparemeforacareerintheworldofbusiness.However，myteachersaysIshouldchooselaw，whothinksthatoursocietyisingreatneedofskilledworkersandexpertsinlawandthatIwillfindagoodjobaftergraduation.Despitetheiropinions，IwanttolearnaforeignlanguagebecauselanguageiswhatIaminterestedinandgoodat.IknowitwouldbeawasteifIdon’tmakefulluseofmytalentforlanguage.WhatshouldIdo?I__am__looking__forward__to__your__advice.Yours，Li__Hua