2020版高考英语一轮复习课时提能练36alandofdiversity（含解析）新人教版

2020版高考英语一轮复习课时提能练36alandofdiversity（含解析）新人教版

课时提能练(三十六)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2019·济南模拟)Lima，thecapitalofPeru(秘鲁)，hascountlessmuseumsthattouristscan'taffordtomiss.NowstartpackingupandprepareforyourperfectPeruvianhistoryexplorationatthesewonderfulmuseums.◆LarcoMuseumSteppinginside，visitorsgettolearnthe4，000yearsofPeruvianpreColumbianhistorythroughanunbelievablecollectionofobjects.ThebestthingaboutthemuseumisthatitkeepsthedoortotheStoreroomopentovisitorssothattheycanadmireitscollectionclosely.◆GoldMuseumofPeruIfyoulikeshinyobjectsorpreciousmetals，thenplanatriptoGoldMuseumofPeru.Inancienttimes，thePeruvianpeoplewerecelebratedfortheirskillswithmetals.Andthemuseumisaimedatpreservingthisheritage.◆LimaArtMuseumArtexpertsaremuchpleasedasthecityisalsohometoLimaArtMuseum.Itspermanentexhibitofover1，200piecesismerelyasmallpartofitsamazingcollectionmorethan17，000artifacts.ThehighlightofthemuseumisitscollectionofCarlosBaeaFlormasterpieces，whichisconsideredtobethemostcompletesetintheworld.◆MuseumofItalianArtTheonlymuseumdedicatedtoEuropeanartinPeru，MuseumofItalianArtisastorehouseofclassicalandcontemporarypaintingsandsculpturesbelongingtothe20thcentury.ThepropertyiseasilyaccessiblebyashortwalkfromLimaArtMuseum.◆MuseumofNaturalHistoryLastbutcertainlynottheleastistheMuseumofNaturalHistory.GivingaglimpseintotherichbiodiversityinPeru，themuseumhasondisplaytheskeletonsofaspermwhaleandfossilsofseveralmammals.【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了秘鲁首都利马市的五个各具特色的博物馆。1．InwhichmuseumcanvisitorsentertheStoreroom?A．LarcoMuseum.B．GoldMuseumofPeru.C．LimaArtMuseum.nD．MuseumofNaturalHistory.A　[细节理解题。根据LarcoMuseum部分中的“ThebestthingaboutthemuseumisthatitkeepsthedoortotheStoreroomopentovisitorssothattheycanadmireitscollectionclosely”可知，这个博物馆最棒的地方在于它对游客敞开了通往储藏室的门，这样游客就可以近距离欣赏它的收藏品了。故游客能够进入储藏室的博物馆是LarcoMuseum，故选A项。]2．WhatmakesGoldMuseumofPerudifferentfromothermuseums?A．Itsexhibitsofdiversitiesofanimals.B．Itslargecollectionofobjects.C．Itsclassicalpaintingsandsculptures.D．ItsdisplayofPeruvianskillswithmetals.D　[细节理解题。根据GoldMuseumofPeru部分中的“thePeruvianpeoplewerecelebratedfortheirskillswithmetals.Andthemuseumisaimedatpreservingthisheritage”可知，秘鲁人民因其金属技艺而闻名，GoldMuseumofPeru旨在保护这一遗产。因此GoldMuseumofPeru与其他博物馆的不同之处在于它展示并保护了秘鲁人民的金属技艺，故选D项。]3．WhichmuseumistheclosesttoLimaArtMuseum?A．MuseumofNaturalHistory.B．MuseumofItalianArt.C．LarcoMuseum.D．GoldMuseumofPeru.B　[细节理解题。根据MuseumofItalianArt部分中的“ThepropertyiseasilyaccessiblebyashortwalkfromLimaArtMuseum”可知，MuseumofItalianArt距离LimaArtMuseum只有一小段路，因此离LimaArtMuseum最近的就是MuseumofItalianArt，故选B项。]B(2019·武汉调研)WhenIgraduatedfromtheUniversityofIowalastyear，Ididsomethingmyfriendsdidnotunderstand.IleftIowa，whereIhadfriendsandstability，toliveonasmallhouseboatnearSanFrancisco.Atschool，Ihadfoundajobdrivingaschoolbussopeopleasked，“Whyonearthareyouleaving？”Well，atgraduationIwaspresentedwithtwothings—adegreeinpsychologyandaquestion.Itwasthesameonethatmanyinmygenerationgot：“WhatdoIdonow？”Itwasasdifficultasitwascommon.That'sbecausemanypeopleatmyagewereraisedwiththesamewords，repeatedoverandoverbyparents，teachersandnTV，that“youcanbewhateveryouwanttobe”．Asayoungboy，everytimewhenIwaspuzzledaboutmyfuture，theywouldsaythattheywouldbehappyifIwashappy.However，whatIneededwasconcreteadvicebutnotavagueidea，forexample，“beadoctor，orbeabusdriver”．Myexperiencewasbynomeansuniversal.ManyAmericansaretaughtbytheirparentsthattheonlypurposeinlifeistoattainmoneyandpower.Asagoal，thisseemsmucheasierandclearerthanfinding“happiness”or“gentleness”．Theresultofthisupbringingisthatmanyofmyclassmatesdidnotspecializeinanyparticularskill，ratherassumingthatsomethingwouldmagicallyhappentoovercometheirproblems.Theyoftengetarealshockwhentheyenterthe“realworld”andfindthattheiroptionsareverylimited.Manyofmyfriendshavetakenjobsaswaitersorcooksaftergraduating，orhavemovedbackinwiththeirparents.Mylifeontheboatishardattimes，especiallyduringstorms.Butthisismysmallattempttobehappyonmyown.I'mnotbuyingintomynation'sideaoflimitlesspossibilitiesbecauseIfeelthatstopsthegrowthofmanyoftoday'syouth.【语篇解读】　本文是文化教育类夹叙夹议文。作者用自身的经历指出当今美国的一个社会问题：青少年需要父母更为具体的引导和教育，让他们知道自己将来具体想要做什么，而不是简单地告诉他们“成为你想成为的人”。4．Whywerethefriendsconfusedaboutthewriter'sleaving?A．Hewastiredofdriving.B．Hesuddenlyquitschool.C．Hewouldlosehisfriends.D．Hewouldleadachanginglife.D　[推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词confused定位到文章第一段中的“Ididsomethingmyfriendsdidnotunderstand.IleftIowa，whereIhadfriendsandstability，toliveonasmallhouseboatnearSanFrancisco”可知，作者离开了艾奥瓦州，那里有他的朋友，有稳定的工作，但他去了旧金山附近的一个船屋，开始自己一种新的生活，他的朋友们对他的这种做法很不理解，故答案是D。]5．WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheguidancehegotfromAmericansociety?A．It'sspecific.　　　　B．It'swrong.C．It'sgeneral.D．It'scorrect.C　[推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词guidance定位到文章的第二段，这一段讲述了作者对于来自他人的指导的想法；根据第二段内容，尤其是其中的“whatIneededwasconcreteadvicebutnotavagueidea”可知，作者想要的是具体的建议，n故可推知他认为他得到的指导是宽泛的，故答案是C。]6．WhatdirectlycausedalotofAmericanstohavejobslowerthantheirexpectations?A．Theirachievablegoals.B．Thepracticalguidance.C．Beingshockedbytherealworld.D．Lackingprofessionalcompetence.D　[细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“jobslowerthantheirexpectations”定位到文章第三段最后一句“Manyofmyfriendshavetakenjobsaswaitersorcooksaftergraduating，orhavemovedbackinwiththeirparents”(我的很多朋友在毕业后都当了服务生或厨师，或者搬回去跟父母住在一起)，上文分析了导致这种情况的原因“Theresultofthisupbringingisthatmanyofmyclassmatesdidnotspecializeinanyparticularskill”，也就是说，父母的这种教育方式导致很多孩子没有去认真学习专业技能。故答案是D。]7．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．StaywhereyouareB．BewhateveryouwanttobeC．BlindfaithinindustrialsocietyD．MistakenbeliefinlimitlesspossibilitiesD　[主旨大意题。文章主要阐述了作者指出当前美国的一个社会问题：父母没有给孩子提出具体的、明确的建议，教育其孩子把钱和权力当成了生活的唯一目标，这导致很多孩子没有去认真学习专业技能，在走上社会之后受到了影响，只能去做一些很低层次的工作。根据最后一段中的“I'mnotbuying...today'syouth”可知，作者批评了这种教育方式，并且不再相信美国社会的“无限可能”的信念。所以答案是D。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2019·长沙检测)Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour__1__wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexample,whilewearelookingforwardto__2__anewplaceorcountry,we__3__whatitwillbelike.Wepredictthe__4__peoplewilleat,dressandact.Ofcourse,wedonotalwayspredictthings__5__.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe__6__themtobe.Oneofthe__7__dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientist,Kekule,whohadbeen__8__toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad__9__andanalyzedtheproblemfromeveryanglefordays,butthere__10__tobenowaynof__11__outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe__12__up,herealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis__13__.Itissaidthatinordertofigureouttheprocess，thehypnotist(催眠者)satinthechairoppositehimandspoke__14__：“Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout__15__.Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoice,your__16__willgetheavier.Soonyou'llbeasleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand__17__mywords,butyourbodywillbeasleep,youreyesaretooheavy.Youare__18__asleep,andwhenyouwakeupyouwill__19__nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto__20__slowlyfromonetofive.One,two,three,four,five...”【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过德国科学家Kekule的故事，说明了人类大脑的神奇能力。1．A.brains　　　　　　B．sensesC．mindsD．sightsC　[根据前一句“Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture”可知，人类思维最显著的特点之一就是有想象未来的能力；据此可知，空处指“思维”，故C项正确。]2．A.visitingB．seekingC．reachingD．discoveringA　[根据该句中的“anewplaceorcountry”可以判断，当我们期望去参观(visiting)某个新地方或新国家时，我们总是想象(imagine)那里会是什么样子。]3．A.imagineB．knowC．feelD．guessA　[参见上题解析。]4．A.customB．habitC．styleD．wayD　[根据该段最后一句中的“theway”，并结合该句“Wepredictthe__4__peoplewilleat，dressandact”可知，我们总会预测(这个地方的)人们的饮食、衣着和行为方式。D项意为“方式”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“风俗”；B项意为“习惯”；C项意为“风格”。]5．A.quicklyB．simplyC．correctlyD．neatlyC　[根据空处后一句“Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe__6__themntobe”可知，事物总是不同于我们预料的那样；据此可以判断，我们不是总能正确地(correctly)预测事物。]6．A.requiredB．wishedC．leftD．expectedD　[参见上题解析。expect“预料，预期”。]7．A.funnyB．dullC．famousD．sillyC　[根据该句中的“dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientist，Kekule”及下文可知，该处陈述的是历史上著名的梦之一是德国科学家Kekule的梦。C项意为“著名的”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“有趣的”；B项意为“无趣的”；D项意为“愚蠢的”。]8．A.managingB．tryingC．thinkingD．hopingB　[根据该句中的“Kekule，whohadbeen__8__toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics”及下文可知，Kekule一直在努力解一道物理难题；trytodosth.意为“努力做某事”，符合语境，故B项正确。managetodosth.意为“设法做成某事”强调结果，与语境不符。]9．A.studiedB．learnedC．discussedD．searchedA　[根据该句中的“Hehad__9__andanalyzedtheproblemfromeveryanglefordays”可知，他从多个角度研究(studied)和分析了这个难题。]10．A.usedB．oughtC．seemedD．hadC　[根据该句中的“butthere__10__tobenowayof__11__outtheanswer”可知，似乎没有办法弄清答案。seem意为“似乎，好像”符合语境，故C项正确。]11．A.bringingB．findingC．turningD．lettingB　[参见上题解析。findout“弄清，查明”；bringout“使表现出”；turnout“结果是，证明是”；letout“突然，发出”。]12．A.gaveB．satC．wokeD．gotC　[根据前一句“Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed”可知，空处表示他醒来时意识到自己知道了答案。wakeup为固定短语，意为“醒”，故C项正确。]13．A.dreamB．lessonnC．researchD．exerciseA　[根据上文中的“hewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe__12__up，herealizedthatheknewtheanswer”可知，他在梦(dream)中解决了这个难题。]14．A.softlyB．loudlyC．slowlyD．firmlyA　[根据语境并结合常识可知，此处是将Kekule进行催眠，故催眠师应是柔和地(softly)说着话。]15．A.everythingB．somethingC．nothingD．anythingC　[根据空前一句“Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice”及下文中的“Youknownothingbutmyvoice”可知，空处应指什么都不要想。C项符合语境，故C项正确。]16．A.eyesB．feetC．headD．bodyA　[根据常识可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼睛会变得沉重。故选A项。]17．A.believeB．repeatC．takeD．understandD　[根据该句中的“Youwillhearmyvoiceand__17__mywords”可知，此处指听到声音并理解听到的话。understand“理解，明白”，符合语境。]18．A.reallyB．extremelyC．actuallyD．almostD　[根据空处前一句可知，此处指你几乎(almost)要睡着了。]19．A.acceptB．rememberC．hearD．receiveB　[根据下文中的“Youwillforgeteverything”可知，空处指你将什么都不记得。B项符合语境，故B项正确。]20．A.countB．sayC．addD．speakA　[根据文中的“NowIamgoingto__20__slowlyfromonetofive.One，two，three，four，five...”可知，此处表示数数；A项意为“(按顺序)数数”，符合语境，故A项正确。]