2020版高考英语总复习高考提能练（十七）（含解析）外研版必修3

2020版高考英语总复习高考提能练（十七）（含解析）外研版必修3

高考提能练(十七)Module5　GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaⅠ.阅读理解A[2019·河南质评]OnahoteveninginSeptember,theHighlandHighSchoolteamwaspronouncingtowinitsfirstgameoftheseason.“Iwasreallyexcited，”saidHighlanderslinebackerRyanFerrini.“Thiswasthegamewhenitfinallycametogether.”WithseveralsecondsleftinthefourthquarterandtheTompkinsHighSchoolteamup2928,alltheHighlandershadtodowasgooneyardforatouchdowntoseizeadramaticcomefrombehindvictory.Onthepreviousplay,aftertheHighlandershaddriventheballdeepintotheTompkins'territory(防守区),quarterbackWillGentryhadconnectedwithreceiverAustinBrauweileratthethreeyardline.AsBrauweilerturnedupfield,aTompkins'defenderdeliveredahit,knockingthembothtothegroundattheoneyardline.“Therewasahugeforce,asifatruckhadhitme，”saidBrauweiler,whosufferedfromthecollision(撞击).ButitwastheTompkins'playerwhogottheworstofit.Helaystillonthegroundandadoctorhadbeencalled.That'swhentheTompkins'coachwalkedacrossthefieldandtoldHighlanders'coachColschenthathisplayersweretooupsettofinishthegameandtheywouldlosethegame.“Inlife,thewellbeingofothersiswhat'simportant,notthescoreboard，”saidColschen.HegatheredhisHighlandersandtoldthemitwastimetosupporttheirgrieving(悲伤的)competitors.Theyagreed.Aftertheinjuredplayerwasairliftedtoahospital,thetwoteamstookthefieldagain.TheHighlandteam'steammatestookakneeanddidn'tstartanyaction,onlywaitingforthegameclocktostrikezero.Gameover.“Whatmyplayersdidwasamazing，”saidColschen.“Iwassurprisedandencouragedthattheywerethinkingnotaboutthemselvesbutaboutothers.”体裁：记叙文　题材：日常生活　主题：比赛经历【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了在一场比赛中发生了双方队员相撞事件后，其中一方的队员为了尊重对方队员将最后的比赛时间耗尽的故事。1．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A．Thematchwascomingtoanend.B．Thematchwouldendthefootballseason.C．TheHighlandersisadifficultteamtobeat.D．TheTompkinswasconfidentofvictoryinthefinal.答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“WithseveralsecondsleftinthefourthquarterandtheTompkinsHighSchoolteamup2928”可知，比赛快要结束了，故选A。2．Whowasmostinjuredinthecollision?A．AHighlanders'player.B．ATompkins'defender.C．AustinBrauweiler.D．WillGentry.答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“aTompkins'defenderdeliveredahit,knockingthembothtothegroundattheoneyardline”以及第三段中的“itwastheTompkins'playerwhogottheworstofit”可知，是Tompkins的防守队员受伤最为严重，故选B。3．WhydidtheHighlanderstakenoactionuntiltheendofthegame?A．Becausetheyhadalreadywonit.B．Becauseoneoftheirplayersgotinjured.nC．Becausetheyweregivenanunfairjudgment.D．Becausetheycaredandrespectedtheircompetitors.答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据第四段、第五段的内容以及最后一段中的“Iwassurprisedandencouragedthattheywerethinkingnotaboutthemselvesbutaboutothers”可知，在相撞事件发生后，Highlanders的队员们认为在比赛中身体健康才是最为重要的，所以Highlanders的队员们在比赛结束前任凭时间一分一秒过去而不采取任何行动，这也是为了安慰因队友受伤而伤心的对方队员们，表示对对手的尊重。故选D。4．Whatmessageisconveyedinthepassage?A．Morehaste,lessspeed.B．Allmencannotbefirst.C．Bettertobesafethansorry.D．Friendshipfirst,competitionsecond.答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“TheHighlandteam'steammatestookakneeanddidn'tstartanyaction,onlywaitingforthegameclocktostrikezero”和最后一段中的“theywerethinkingnotaboutthemselvesbutaboutothers”可以看出，在双方的竞争中，Highland高中的队员们没有一味地为了追求成功而不顾对方的感受，相反，他们把对对手的尊重置于个人的荣誉之上，这传达出的正是“友谊第一，比赛第二”的精神，故选D。A项意为“欲速则不达”；B项意为“不可能人人得第一名”；C项意为“安全胜过遗憾”。B[2019·西宁检测一]Formorethantwentyyearsscientistshavebeensearchingforsignsoflifeonotherplanets.Mostofthesesearcheshavebeendoneovertheradio.Thehopeisthatsomeoneinouterspacemaybetryingtogetintouchwithus.Scientistsalsohavesentradioandtelevisionmessagesonspaceshipstravelingthroughspace,onthechancethatsomeonemaybereceptivetosuchmessages.Scientistsareusingpowerfulradiotelescopestolistentosignalsfromabout1,000stars,allwithin100lightyearsoftheearth.Inaddition,theywillscan(扫描)theentireskyto“listen”forradiomessagesfrommoredistantstars.Usingacomputer,theywillbeabletomonitormorethaneightchannelsatonetime.Scientistsarelookingforanysignalthatstandsoutfromthebackgroundnoise.Ofthe200billionstarsintheMilkyWaygalaxy,scientistsfindthatfivepercentarelikeoursun.Perhapshalfofthemhaveaplanetliketheearth.Suchaplanetwouldbeareasonabledistancefromthestarfortemperaturestoberightfortheevolution(进化)oflife.Basedontheinhabitableplanets(thatcanbelivedin)inourgalaxy,mostscientistsagreethatchancesarelikelythatoneormoreoftheseplanetssupportsomelife.However,manyscientistswonderwhetherintelligentlifeexistsonotherplanets.Somebelievethattwentyyearsofsearchingwithoutanyintelligible(易懂的)messagesshowsthatnooneisoutthere.Theysaythattheevolutionofintelligencecomparabletooursisunlikely.Otherscientistsbelievethatoursearchhasn'tbeenlongenoughtoruleoutthepossibilitythatintelligentlifeexistsinourgalaxy.Althoughoursunfamilyisonlyaboutfivebillionyearsold,ourgalaxyisabout20billionyearsold.Inthattime,somescientiststhinkitislikelythatcivilizationsmuchmoreadvancedthanourshavedeveloped.Perhapsthesecivilizationssendusnosignals;perhapswehavenotrecognizedthesignalstheyhavesentus.Ifwehopetofindintelligentlife,thesescientistsbelievethatwehavetokeeplooking.体裁：说明文　题材：科技　主题：探索外太空【语篇解读】　本文讨论了外太空是否存在生命。迄今为止，科学家们尝试了多种方法寻找外太空生命，但都没有得到回应。【难句分析】　Otherscientistsbelievethatoursearchhasn'tbeenlongenoughntoruleoutthepossibilitythatintelligentlifeexistsinourgalaxy.分析：此句是一个复合句。句中的“thatoursearchhasn'tbeenlongenoughtoruleoutthepossibility”是一个宾语从句；“thatintelligentlifeexistsinourgalaxy”是一个同位语从句。译文：其他科学家认为，我们的研究时间还不够长，不足以排除我们的银河系中存在智慧生命的可能性。5．Accordingtothepassage,howmanyplanetsinourgalaxymightbeinhabitable?A．15billion.　B．10billion.C．5billion.D．200billion.答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“Ofthe200billionstarsintheMilkyWaygalaxy,scientistsfindthatfivepercentarelikeoursun.Perhapshalfofthemhaveaplanetliketheearth”可知，在银河系中有2千亿颗恒星，其中5%的恒星像我们的太阳，也就是100亿颗恒星像我们的太阳，而在这100亿颗恒星中有一半像地球一样的行星，故答案为C。6．Thefirstparagraphinthispassageismainlyabout___________.A．whyscientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanetsB．howscientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanetsC．wherescientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanetsD．whenscientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanets答案与解析：B　考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Mostofthesesearcheshavebeendoneovertheradio.”和“Scientistsalsohavesentradioandtelevisionmessagesonspaceshipstravelingthroughspace,onthechancethatsomeonemaybereceptivetosuchmessages”可知，本段主要介绍了科学家们通过向太空发射无线电信号和电视信号的方式来寻找外太空生命，故答案为B。7．Theunderlinedword“monitor”inthepassagemeans“__________________”.A．findB．followC．formD．check答案与解析：D　考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Usingacomputer,theywillbeabletomonitormorethaneightchannelsatonetime”可知，科学家们向太空发射无线电信号以后，使用计算机对这些信号进行监测，希望能够捕捉到外太空生命的痕迹。check“检查”与画线词意思相近，故答案为D。8．Whichofthesestatementsistruebasedontheinformationinthepassage?A．Scientistsaretryingdifferentwaystofindsignsoflifeonotherplanets.B．Mostscientistsbelievethatthereisintelligentlifeonotherplanets.C．Theearthisoneoftheoldestplanetsinourgalaxy.D．Scientistsdon'tbelievethattheremightbelifeonotherplanets.答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“Mostofthesesearcheshavebeendoneovertheradio”和“Scientistsalsohavesentradioandtelevisionmessagesonspaceshipstravelingthroughspace,onthechancethatsomeonemaybereceptivetosuchmessages”可知，科学家们正在使用各种方法研究外太空生命是否存在，故答案为A。Ⅱ.七选五[2019·陕西省摸底检测]AreYourClothesCausingPollution?Verysmallpiecesofplastic,calledmicrofibers,arepollutingriversandoceans.__1__Clotheswornforoutdooractivitiesandexerciseareoftenmadeofartificialmaterials,whichareusefulinkeepingwarm.Buttheycontainverysmallplasticfibers,whichmayalsobeharmingtheenvironmentwhenyouwashthem.Whenpeoplewashtheseclothes,verysmallpiecesgodownthedrain(下水道)withthewashwater.n__2__Pollutioncausedbyplasticisnotnew,butrecentstudieshaveshowntheeffectofmicrofibersontheenvironment.Studiesshowmicrofibersareendingupinourwaters,whichmaycomefromwastewatertreatmentfactories.A2015studyfoundtheminfishfromCalifornia.Microfibers'effectonfoodsuppliesBeyondthewaterways,theresearcherssaymicrofibersmayendupinsoilandagriculturallands.__3__Thismeansthereismuchtobelearnedaboutmicrofibersandtheenvironment.Somestudieshaveshownthatmicrofibersendupinsideseaanimals,likeoysters.__4__Researcherssaythatthefiberstendnottomoveintothetissueofthefish,butitneedsmorestudy.StepstokeepmicrofibersfromtheenvironmentUntilmoreinformationbecomesknown,therearestepstotaketoreducethequantityofmicrofibersintheenvironment.Peopleshoulduselessoftheartificialmaterials.Ifwealreadyhavethoseinourlivesandwe'reusingthem,animportantstepwouldbewashingthemless.__5__Abagisbeingdesignedinwhichyoucanwashtheseclothes.Thebagtrapsthemicrofibersinitanditmaybeavailableforpurchasesoon.A．Newtechnologymayalsohelp.B．Studiesonhowmanyofthemicrofibersarereleased.C．Thesourceofthesemicrofibersmaysurpriseyou:yourclothes.D．Washingmachineskeepmicrofibersfromescapingwiththewashwater.E．Studiesonmicrofibersintheenvironment.F．Theycanalsomovearoundtheatmosphere.G．Soifmicrofibershavebeenfoundinfishandseafood,aretheysafetoeat?体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：微纤维【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了微纤维的来源、微纤维对环境以及食物供应的影响和减少微纤维进入环境的措施。1．答案与解析：C　由文章标题“AreYourClothesCausingPollution？”可知，本文与衣服导致污染有关，并结合下文可知，造成污染的微纤维来自有些用人工材料制成的衣服，故C项符合语境。2．答案与解析：E　根据文章结构可知，空处为该部分小标题。空后的段落主要讲的是微纤维对环境的影响，故E项符合语境。3．答案与解析：F　结合空前一句中的“thewaterways”和“insoilandagriculturallands”可知，研究人员认为微纤维可能扩散到水道、土壤和农田中，故F项“它也能在大气中移动”符合语境。4．答案与解析：G　空前一句中的“seaanimals,likeoysters”与G项中的“fishandseafood”相呼应，故G项符合语境。5．答案与解析：A　空后一句中的“Abagisbeingdesigned”正是A项中的“Newtechnology”，故A项符合语境。Ⅲ.短文改错[2019·石家庄模拟]LastSunday,Iwentonahikewithoneofmybestfriend,Kevin.IgotupearlythatmorningandpreparelotsoffoodinmylunchboxandthenIwentKevin'shometopickhimup.Onthewaytothemountain,weenjoyedatseeingmanybeautifulflowersalongtheroad.Afterwearrivedatthemountain,allofuscouldn'thelpadmirethenaturalscenery.Thenheadvisedthatwehadaracebetweenus,whatmademeexcitedtoo.ButIagreedimmediately.Inahurry,Kevintrippedonastoneandfellallthewaydown.Fortunate,hegotstuckonatreeandIpulledhimupatlast.Whataday!答案：nLastSunday,Iwentonahikewithoneofmybest，Kevin.IgotupearlythatmorningandlotsoffoodinmylunchboxandthenIwentKevin'shometopickhimup.Onthewaytothemountain,weenjoyedseeingmanybeautifulflowersalongtheroad.Afterwearrivedatthemountain,ofuscouldn'thelpadmire/thenaturalscenery.Thenheadvisedthatwearacebetweenus,mademeexcitedtoo.Iagreedimmediately.Inahurry,Kevintrippedonastoneandfellallthewaydown.，hegotstuckonatreeandIpulledhimupatlast.Whataday!①friend改为friends。考查名词单复数。friend是可数名词，且由oneof可知，应用friend的复数形式。②prepare改为prepared。考查动词时态。与got呼应可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。③went后加to。考查固定搭配。固定搭配gotosomeplace意为“去某地”，符合语境，故加介词to。④删除at。考查动词。enjoy是及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动名词等作宾语，不需要介词。⑤all改为both。考查代词。根据上文可知，此处指作者和Kevin两个人，故用代词both。⑥help后加but或admire改为admiring。考查固定搭配。固定搭配can'thelpdoing/butdosth.意为“忍不住做某事”，符合语境，故在help后加but或用admiring。⑦had改为have。考查虚拟语气。动词advise后跟宾语从句时，从句一般用虚拟语气，即从句用“主语＋should＋do”的形式，should可以省略，故用动词原形have。⑧what改为which。考查定语从句。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面整个主句。⑨But改为So。考查连词。根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的因果关系，故用连词So。⑩Fortunate改为Fortunately。考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，故用副词Fortunately修饰整个句子，在句子中作状语。