2018_2019学年高中英语unit21humanbiology课下能力提升（十一）（含解析）

2018_2019学年高中英语unit21humanbiology课下能力提升（十一）（含解析）

Unit21HumanBiology课下能力提升（十一）Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语意思写出单词1．Yourjobhereisonlytemporary,_foryouwillberemovedfromitwhenwehaveaproperpostforyou.2．Duetobadmanagement,companyprofitshavebeendecliningoverthelastthreeyears.3．Theboyhasn'tbeenseenfortwodaysandthereisgrowingconcernforhissafety.4．Allimportantproblemsmustbesubmitted(提交)tothecommitteefordiscussion.5．Whathesaidisabsurd(荒唐的);itgoesagainstthegeneralknowledgeofscience.6．Ifanterminal(延期)isn'tagreedon,thiscontractwillnolongerbeinforcefromnextmonth.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Atanyrate,themedicineandfoodwillreachthefarmersbeforethesnowstorm.2．Ontheonehand,they'dlovetohavekids,butontheotherhand,theydon'twanttogiveuptheirfreedom.3．Tonyissaidto_have_gone(go)abroadforfurtherstudy.4．ItwasthefirsttimeIhad_heard(hear)hersing,wasn'tit?5．ThiswillbethesecondtimethatIhave_gone(go)backtomyhometown.6．Don'tworry.Wecantakeyouhomeinallcases.7．Trainservicesreturnedtonormalagainafterthestrike.8．Ifellintocomaswhenthestonehitmeonthehead.Ⅲ.阅读理解ASportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreatetoomuchanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.nTheearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfindfaultwiththemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsettingyoungathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters'performances.Positivesupportshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivesupportmotivates(激发)andhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.语篇解读：教练和家长对于年轻运动员表现的评价是很重要的，应当给出正面鼓励，而非一味指责。1．Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesisto________.A．makesportslesscompetitiveB．increasetheirsenseofsuccessC．reducetheirmentalstressD．makesportsmorechallenging解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.”可知，stress(紧张，压力)会导致burnout(筋疲力尽，撒手不干)，所以阻止这种现象发生的有效方法就是减少他们的思想压力。2．Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes________.A．believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopmentB．withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidenceC．inordertomakethemrememberlife'slessonsD．soastoputmorepressureonthemn解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章可知，教练和家长的注意力主要在结果上，希望运动员能赢得比赛，批评多是因为对其表现不满，希望其能做得好些。他们的主观愿望是好的，但是显然没有意识到批评可能使年轻的运动员对其从事的运动热情尽失，再也提不起兴趣。3．Accordingtothepassage,parentsandcoachesshould________.A．paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysportsB．helpchildrentowineverygameC．trainchildrentocopewithstressD．enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者首先指出教练和家长不应让运动成为孩子的工作，那样就会成为孩子的一种负担。同时提到比赛的结果不如学习运动的过程重要，不管结果如何，教练和家长都要给孩子正面的鼓励而不是批评。由此可知，作者认为教练和家长应当将更多的精力放在让孩子享受运动的过程上。4．Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassageisto________.A．teachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnoutB．persuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticismC．stresstheimportanceofpositivesupporttochildrenD．discusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement解析：选C　写作目的题。本文主要论述的是教练和家长对运动员的影响，指出批评可能会使孩子丧失兴趣，应当多给运动员积极的评价，由此不难看出，本文的目的是强调正面鼓励的重要性。BAbout15yearsago,whenmychildrenwerestillinelementaryschool,IwasveryactiveintheParentTeacherAssociation.Atoneofthemonthlymeetingsthetopicofdiscussionwasthenewcurriculum(课程)thatthestateofMichiganwaspresenting.Manyconcernswerevoicedatthatmeeting,andoneofthemwasmyown.Myconcernwasthatthechildrenwerebeingtaughtthingsthatwereoncetaughtatamuchlaterage.Let'sfaceit:childrentodayhavetolearnandadaptto(适应)amoretechnologicalsociety,onewhereifyou'renotapeakperformeryou'rejustnotwellreceived.Somesaythatthechildrenoftodayhaveitsomucheasierthan10－20yearsago.They'regivensomuchmore,nothavingtoworkfortheirtoysandlittleextras.Theysitalldaylonginfrontofacomputerplayinggames...Howhardcanthatbe?I,forone,thinkthattoday'schildismissingoutonsomanywonderfulnexperiencesbecauseoftechnology.Whattypeofpeopleskillsaretheylearning?Theycanthumbtypefasterthananyothergenerationbeforethem,buttheycan'tpickupthephoneandhaveareallydeepconversation.ThereisanelementaryschoolnotfarbehindmyhomeandIusedtoseechildrenontheplaygroundeveryday.Weekdaysandweekends,therewouldbechildrenplaying,shoutingwithjoy.ButnowIdon'tseemanychildrenthereafterschool,norontheweekend.Hastheplaygroundgonefromourchildren'slife?Iknowmanyteachers,someofwhomaremyfriends,maythrow_a_shoe_atmewhenIsayplaydoesn'talwaysneedtohaveapurpose.Anditdoesn'talwayshavetohaveateachingmoduleincluded.Tocompeteintoday'sworld,thechildrenhavetobeexpertsatmultitasking(多任务处理),andontopoftheirgameatalltimes.I,forone,thinkthisisashame.语篇解读：本文是议论文。现在的孩子生活富足，却缺少适当的体育锻炼和玩耍；沉迷于各种科技产品，却缺少跟人交流的能力。作者通过本文呼吁，还孩子以真正的童年。5．Whywastheauthorconcerned?A．Thechildrendidn'tlearnmuchatschool.B．Theparents'opinionswerenotvaluedbyschools.C．Thenewcurriculumwastooadvancedforthechildren.D．Thechildrenwerenotinterestedinthenewcurriculum.解析：选C　细节理解题。由第一段的“Myconcernwasthatthechildrenwerebeingtaughtthingsthatwereoncetaughtatamuchlaterage”可知，学校新引进的课程超出了孩子的水平，这是作者感到担忧的原因。6．Whatshouldchildrenlearnaccordingtotheauthor?A．Howtoadapttoatechnologicalsociety.B．Howtocommunicatewithothers.C．Howtoworkfortoysandextras.D．Howtomakeatelephonecall.解析：选B　推理判断题。由第三段的“Whattypeofpeopleskillsaretheylearning?...buttheycan'tpickupthephoneandhaveareallydeepconversation”可知，当今的孩子沉湎于各种科技产品，缺乏跟人深入交流的能力。7．Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Children'splayshouldbewelldesigned.B．Playandlearningshouldgohandinhand.C．Themultitaskingabilityismoreimportantthanplay.nD．Childrenshouldbeallowedtoplaypurposelessly.解析：选D　推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，作者认为孩子应该多进行没有目的性的玩耍。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“throwashoeat”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Disagreewith.　　　　　　B．Laughat.C．Reject.D．Hit.解析：选A　词义猜测题。由画线部分之后的“Anditdoesn'talwayshavetohaveateachingmoduleincluded.Tocompeteintoday'sworld,thechildrenhavetobeexpertsatmultitasking...”可知，在学校里玩耍都是跟教学任务联系在一起的，所以作者提出孩子应该进行没有目的性的玩耍，很多老师一定会“不赞成”她的观点。Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Doestheearlybirdcatchtheworm?Thatisnotnecessarilysoaccordingtorecentresearch__1__(conduct)byanAmericanprofessor.Researchshowsthatwhenworkschedulesagreewithpeople'snaturalsleeppatterns,theyproduce__2__(high)qualityandmorecreativeworkbecausetheyaremorefocused,lessstressedandgenerallyhealthier.__3__oppositeisalsotrue—whenemployeesdonothaveplentyofsleep,theyaremorelikely__4__(make)mistakesandsufferfromworkplaceinjuries.__5__(sad),formanyofus,ourworkschedulesdonotagreewithournaturalbodyclocks.Manycompaniesstarttheworkdaytooearly,__6__(put)theirworkschedulesindisagreementwiththeiremployees'bodyclocks.Thatdisagreement,alongwiththe__7__(press)fromworkatallhoursofthedayandnight,meansthatmanypoplesuffer__8__“socialjetlag(社会时差)”.Inotherwords,theirbodiesarealwaysinthewrongtimezone.Thesadnewsis__9__mostoftheworkingpopulationtodayaregettingupearlierthantheyshould.Itishightimethatthesecompanies__10__(adjust)theirworkschedulessothattheiremployeescouldhaveenoughsleep.语篇解读：早起的鸟儿一定有虫吃吗？研究表明工作时间与人的生物钟相一致时，工作效率较高；反之，工作效率较低。1．conducted　conductedbyanAmericanprofessor是过去分词短语作定语，修饰research,分词动作conduct与逻辑主语research之间是被动关系。2．higher　本空与本空后的“morecreative”构成并列，故填high的比较级。这里是将员工工作时间和人体的自然睡眠模式一致时与员工被剥夺了睡眠时间时相比较。3．The　theopposite是“the＋形容词”表示一类事物。n4．tomake　belikelytodosth.意思是“很可能会做某事”。5．Sadly　空格中所填单词在句中修饰整个句子，需用sad的副词形式。6．putting　puttingtheirworkschedulesindisagreementwiththeiremployees'bodyclocks是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作put与逻辑主语manycompanies之间是主动关系。7．pressure　空格中所填单词在句中作alongwith的宾语且前有the，需用名词；由语境可知此处表示“压力”，故填pressure。8．from　sufferfrom表示“遭受……痛苦”。9．that　that引导表语从句，在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。10．adjusted/shouldadjust　句型itishightimethat后面从句中的谓语动词用过去式或用“should＋动词原形”，但should不可省略。