2018_2019学年高中英语unit21humanbiologysectionⅱwarm_uplesson1—languagepoints学案

2018_2019学年高中英语unit21humanbiologysectionⅱwarm_uplesson1—languagepoints学案

SectionⅡWarm-upLesson1—LanguagePoints一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.intervaln．　　　　　　间隔；间歇2.swapvi.交换3.seekvt.寻找4.compulsoryadj.强制性的；义务的5.controversialadj.有争议的6.pumpvi.用泵抽出(注入)Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.circulatevi.循环→circulationn．循环2.digestvt.消化→digestionn．消化3.abusevt.滥用→abusen．滥用4.toleratevt.容忍→tolerancen．容忍5.fundamentaladj.根本的；基础的→fundamentallyadv.根本地；基础地6.doubtfuladj.怀疑的，不肯定的→doubtv．&n．怀疑7.annualadj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的→annuallyadv.一年一次地8.opposevt.反对→oppositionn．反对9.contradictvt.与(其他事物)相矛盾→contradictionn．矛盾10.violatevt.违反→violationn．违反1.digestvt.&vi.消化；理解，领悟n.摘要文摘[词块]　①digestill/well　难/易消化②digestrapidly/slowly迅速地/慢慢地消化③digestbriefly简单了解④digestcarefully仔细了解2.abusevt.&n．滥用[联想]　ab开头高频词①abundantadj.丰富的②abnormaladj.不正常的③abroadadv.在国外④abstractadj.抽象的⑤abandonv．抛弃，逃离⑥absorbv．吸收⑦absencen．不在，缺席；缺乏⑧aboardadv.在船(飞机，火车等)上3.opposevt.反对；不赞成[同义]　objectv．反对；不赞成[反义]　agreev．同意4.toleratevt.容忍[同义]　①putupwith忍受；容忍②bearvt.忍受③standvt.忍受④endurevt.忍耐；容忍⑤livewith忍受；容忍二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.seekafter/for　　寻找；探索；追求1.trackandfield　　　　　　田径运动n2.invain徒然，白费力气3.atrandom随便地，随意地4.atallcosts不论多大代价，无论如何5.dueto由于6.comeacross偶然遇见7.contributeto促成；导致8.insilence沉默地，默不作声地9.out_ofbreath气喘吁吁地10.inuse(机械、场所等)在使用中2.achieveOlympicbests达到奥运会的最高纪录3.predictaceiling预测上限4.inthewronghands错误的5.makeit成功6.beyondone'slimits超出某人的极限7.makeexcuses找借口8.majorsportingevents重大体育赛事9.moreorless或多或少，大约10.dophysicalexercise进行体育锻炼三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.IfAmericanathleteMarionJoneshadn'ttakendrugs,wouldshehavemadeittotheOlympicsatall？如果美国运动员玛里昂·琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？makeitto“能参加，出席”，其中to为介词。Followtheadviceabove,youwillmake_it_to_an_ideal_collegeintheUS.按照上面的建议，你将能进入一所理想的美国大学。2.Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.不幸的是，查出运动员服用违禁药物并不容易。catchsb.doingsth.“撞见某人正在做某事”。WhenIcameintotheclassroom,Icaught_him_readingmyprivateletters.当我来到教室时，我发现他正在偷看我的私人信件。3.Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录havesth.done“使某事被做，请/让/叫别人做某事；经历，遭受某事”。Shehad_her_purse_stolenyesterdaywhenshewaswalkingaroundtheshoppingmall.昨天逛商场时她的钱包被偷了。n或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。　　　　　　　　　1．(教材P33)Itdigestsyourfoodandsendsvitaminsandmineralsintotheblood.它消化你的食物，将维生素和矿物质送入血液中。digestvt.&vi.消化vt.理解，领悟n.摘要，文摘写出下列句中digest的词性及含义①Youshouldallowalittletimeafteramealforthefoodtodigest.vt.消化②Ihavedigestedmostoftheimportantpointsinthebook.vt.理解③Thedigestofthenovelincludesthemostexcitingscenes.n.摘要[巧学助记]　2．(教材P34)Thesportsworlddoesnottoleratedopingasitisafundamentalformofcheating.由于它是欺骗的基本形式，体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。toleratevt.容忍；忍受；容许(1)toleratedoingsth.　　　　容忍/容许做某事toleratesb./sb.'sdoingsth.容许/忍受某人做某事(2)tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的betolerantof对……宽容(3)tolerancen.宽容；忍耐力①Imustremindyouthatatnotimewilltheschooltoleratecheatingintheexam.我必须提醒你，学校绝不会容忍考试作弊。②Ican'timaginethatsuchastubbornmanashimcanbetolerantofdifferentideas.我无法想象像他这样顽固的人会容忍不同的观点。n③Trytoshowsometolerance(tolerant)towardschildren.努力表现得对孩子宽容些。[名师点津]　tolerate/stand“忍受”，后只接动词ing形式作宾语；bear/endure可接动词ing和动词不定式两种形式作宾语。④Shecan'ttolerate/stand/bear/endurebeingcalledaliar.＝Shecan'tbear/endureto_be_calledaliar.她无法忍受被称作撒谎者。3．(教材P34)Dopingisnotonlyaprobleminathletics,itispartofeverysportwhereathletesseektoachievebeyondtheirnaturallimitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso.服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中存在的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员想取得超常体育成绩而准备作弊。seekvt.(sought,sought)寻找seektodosth.　　　　设法、企图做某事seekafter/for追求，探索seekout搜寻出；挑选出；找到seekone'sfortune外出寻找发财机会，外出闯荡seeksth.fromsb.向某人请求/寻求某物①Weseektofindawaytomakeusgetalongwellwiththepeoplearoundus.我们试图找一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。②Youshouldseekadvicefromyourlawyeronthismatter.这件事情你应该寻求律师的建议。③Ifyouwanttoseek_for/aftersuccess,youmustworkhard.如果你想追求成功，就必须努力工作。④Theysought_outahandyspotwheretheymightsitdownandrest.他们找到了一个可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。[语境串记]　HetoldusthathewasgoingtoBeijingtoseekhisfortuneandIsuggestedthatheshouldseekadvicefromhisteacherandshouldn'tseekafter/forpersonalfameorgain.他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议他应该请教他的老师，不要一味地追名逐利。[名师点津]　seek后可接不定式作宾语，但不可接动名词。4．(教材P34)FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjurybutthesewereallinvain.n弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，推诿说药物是为了治疗伤痛而服用的，但这些都是徒劳的。invain徒然，白费力气(1)tryinvaintodosth.　　枉费心机/徒劳无益做某事(2)bevainabout对……感到自负makevainattempts/efforts做徒劳的尝试/努力①Itriedtopersuadehimtostopsmokingbutmyeffortswereinvain.我曾试图说服他戒烟，但是我的努力是徒劳的。②Wetriedinvainto_make(make)himchangehismind.我们试图使他改变主意，结果是白费工夫。③Tobeperfectlyfrank,Idonotseewhatshehastobevainabout.坦率地说，我看不出她有什么值得骄傲之处。5．(教材P34)Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.获胜者被强制进行检查，而其他参赛选手则只是随机抽检。atrandom随便地，随意地①Thelibrariantookabookatrandomfromtheshelf.图书管理员从书架上随便拿了一本书。②Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletelyat_random.参与实验的人完全是随机挑选的。(1)randomadj.　　　　　胡乱的；随便的，任意的(2)反义词组：onpurpose有意地，故意地③Whydoyoucareabouthisrandomremarks?他只是随便一说，何必介意？④Jack'sbeenreallyannoyingmeandIthinkhe'sdoingiton_purpose.杰克一直让我很烦，我想他是故意那样干的。[联想发散]　“at＋名词”构成的短语常见的还有：①atdinner在吃饭　　　　②atplay在玩耍③atsea在航海④atwork在工作⑤atwar在打仗⑥atpeace和平相处⑦athand在手边⑧atwill任意6．(教材P34)Genetherapyisverycontroversialandmanypeopleopposefurtherresearchintoit.基因疗法是很有争议的，许多人反对对此做进一步的研究。opposevt.反对，抵制，阻挠n(1)opposedoingsth.　　　　反对做某事opposesb./sb.'sdoingsth.反对某人做某事(2)opposedadj.反对的beopposedto(doing)sth.反对……；不符合(3)oppositeadj.对立的，在……对面的　prep.在……的对面　n.相反的人或物，对立物①Manyresidentsoppose/areopposedtobuildingthemotorway.Itisnotawisedecision.许多居民反对修建那条高速公路，那可不是个明智的决定。②Herwealthyparentsopposed/wereopposedtohermarrying(marry)aboyfromthepoorfamily.她那富有的父母反对她同贫寒家庭的孩子结婚。③Sheturnedandwalkedoffintheopposite(oppose)direction.她转身向反方向走去。[名师点津]　oppose＝objectto＝beagainst＝beopposedto反对；oppose为及物动词，object为不及物动词，against为介词。④Doyouopposetheplanorsupportit?＝Doyouobjecttotheplanorsupportit?＝Areyouagainsttheplanorforit?你反对这一计划还是支持它？7．(教材P34)TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.奥林匹克精神——强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神——已经被为获得成功而不惜任何代价的欲望所亵渎。atallcosts(＝atanycost)不管多大代价，无论如何atthecostof　　　　　　　　以……为代价atacostof以……的价格atcost按成本价①Shewouldliketofinishherprojectatallcosts/atanycost.她愿意不惜任何代价来完成自己的计划。②Shesavedhimfromthefire,butat_the_cost_ofherownlife.她为了从大火中救他而付出了生命。n③Heboughtacomputerat_a_cost_of5,000yuan.他买了一台电脑，花了5000元。④Thisisthelowestprice.Wearesellingatcostalready.这是最低价了。我们已经是按成本价销售了。1．IfAmericanathleteMarionJoneshadn'ttakendrugs,wouldshehavemadeittotheOlympicsatall?如果美国运动员玛里昂·琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？句中makeitto在此意为“能参加，出席”，其中to为介词。①Ifyoucanmakeithere,youmakeitanywhere.如果你能在这儿做到了，你能在任何地方做到。②Theboyisbraveenoughtomakeittothetopofthetower.这个男孩很勇敢，能爬到塔的顶部。③Let'smake_itat8：30.Isthatallrightforyou?我们约定在8点半吧，这对你合适吗？2．Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。havetheirgeneschanged为“havesth.done”结构。havesth.done的三种常见用法：(1)遭遇……(do与sth.为动宾关系)①IheardthatMullinshadhisnosebrokeninafight.我听说马林斯在一场斗殴中被打折了鼻子。(2)让别人做某事(do与sth.为动宾关系；do所表示的动作不是主语发出的)②Wheredoyounormallyhave_your_hair_done?你通常在哪里做头发？(3)使某事被做(do与sth.为动宾关系；do所表示动作可以是别人发出的，也可以是主n语发出的)③Lastyear,hehad_his_house_rebuilt.去年，他把房子重建了。[辨析比较]　havesth.done,havesb./sth.doing,havesb./sth.do含义宾语与宾补的关系havesth.done使/让别人做某事；使遭受动宾havesb./sth.doing使/让某人(物)持续地做某事，该结构用于否定句时，have意为“容忍”主谓havesb./sth.do使/让某人(物)去做某事主谓运用上述结构填空④Clairehadherluggagechecked(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.⑤Iwon'thaveyouspeaking(speak)toyourdadlikethat.⑥Theteacherhashisstudentsread(read)Englisheverymorning.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iamatolerant(tolerate)man,butyourbehaviourismorethanIcanbear.2．Whydomodernpeopleseekafter/formaterialpossessions?3．Iamopposedtogoing(go)shoppingonSundays,foritistoocrowded.4．Theengineerfinishedtheprojectontimeatthecostofhishealth.5．Theychosesomepeopleatrandominthestreettogivethequestionnaires.6．Wouldyouliketohaveyourwritingpublished(publish)inthismagazine?Ⅱ.完成句子1．Itriedtomakehispeacewithher,but_in_vain.我试图使他与她和好，但白费力气。2．Iwon't_tolerate_your/you_speaking_toyourparentsinthisway.我不能容忍你这样和你父母讲话。3．Ittookmealongtimeto_digest_what_I_had_heard.我花了很长时间才把听到的东西弄明白。4．Ifwetakeabus,weshouldmake_it_to_the_meetingbeforefive.如果我们乘车的话，我们在五点之前应该能出席那个会议。n5．Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You've_had_it_explainedoftenenough.到现在你应该理解这条交通规则了，已经给你解释得够多了。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thepolicemanheldhisbikebecausehehadviolated(违反)trafficregulations.2．Atfirsthewasopposed(反对)tothescheme,butwemanagedtopersuadehimtoacceptit.3．Theofficialswereaccusedofabusing(滥用)theirpowertocontrolthemarketprice.4．Shewarnedstudentsthatthebehaviourwouldnotbetolerated(容忍)inherschool.5．Idon'tknowwhetherIshouldswap(交换)seatswiththestranger.6．Thefarmersarepumping(抽水)waterfromthedeepwelltowatertheirplants.7．Hewentfromcitytocity,seeking(寻找)forwork.8．Donotgivethebabymeattoeat,becausehecannotdigest(消化)it.9．Childrenneedtocompletenineyearsofcompulsory(义务的)educationinChina.10．Goodhealthisfundamental(基础的)ifyouwanttohavealonglife.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Sheturnedaroundandcaughtthestranger_looking(look)ather.2．I'mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Ihavealotofthingsto_take(take)withme.3．SmokingleavesSaminpoorhealth.Hiswifehastriedinvaintopersuadehimtoquitsmoking,though.4．Aftertheprofessor,opposed(oppose)tocarrying(carry)outtheproject,madeacommentonthereport,themediafocusedonit.5．—Didyouattendthemeeting?—Iwould_know(know)thenewsnowifIhad_attended(attend)it.6．Hewonderedwhetherhechosetomakefurtherstudyabroadorfoundastablenjob,sohesought(seek)advicefromhisparents.7．It'scold.Weshouldhavethefireburning(burn)allthetime.8．—Hurryup.There'sonly20minutesleftforthetrain.—Takeyourtime.Ithinkwecanmakeit.Ⅲ.选词填空seekafter/for，invain，atrandom，atallcosts，dueto，comeacross，contributeto，inuse1.Wehopeyoursuggestionwillcontribute_toslovingtheproblem.2．Therestaurant'ssuccesswaslargelydue_toitsnewmanager.3．Allmyfamilywenttothewoodstoseek_for/afterthemissingsheep.4．WhenIturnedoverthebookIcame_acrossanoldbookmark.5．Isearchedthewholeroomforthelostkey,butin_vain.6．Wearedeterminedtowinthegameat_all_costs.7．Whentheteachercamein,sheopenedherbookat_randomandstartedreading.8．Ifitisnotin_use,_I'dliketoborrowit.Ⅳ.课文语法填空Duetobetterequipment,traininganddiet,therecordshavebeenbroken,butrecently,improvements1.have_begun(begin)toslowdown.Someexpertspredictaceilingformanyevents.Inordertoenhanceperformance,someathletestakethedrugswhichcangetpeoplemoreexcitedand2.energetic(energy)thannormalityandwhichare3.originally(original)developedtohelppeoplewithillnesses.4.Taking(take)thesedrugsisknownas“doping”andalthoughtheyimproveperformance,theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthose5.whoabusethem.TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesire6.to_succeed(succeed)atall7.costs(cost).Sothesportsworlddoesnottolerate8.doping(dope)asitisafundamentalformofcheating.However,itappearsasifalleffortsare9.invain.Anyway,thefightwillandmustfiercelygoonandweallhopetheword“hero”won'tlose10.itsmeaning.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达起初，李华的父母反对(beopposedto)她的婚姻，因为他们不能容忍(tolerate)她嫁给一个外国人。因此，他们试图说服她放弃，但是却徒劳一场(invain)。李华无论如何(atallcosts)都要坚持自己的选择，但她不想为此违背(violate)父母。她寻找到了(seeknfor)一个办法，让她的父母相信她不是胡乱(atrandom)决定的，最后她成功了(makeit)。现在他们都生活得很幸福。At_first_Li_Hua's_parents_were_opposed_to_her_marriage,_because_they_couldn't_tolerate_her_marrying_a_foreigner._Therefore,_they_tried_to_persuade_her_to_give_up_but_in_vain._Li_Hua_determined_to_insist_on_her_own_choice_at_all_costs,_but_she_wouldn't_violate_her_parents'_will._She_sought_for_a_way_to_make_her_parents_believe_that_she_didn't_decide_her_marriage_at_random,_and_she_made_it_in_the_end._Now_they_all_lead_a_happy_life.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Inthepast,peopleusedtomakeclothesanddorepairsonthingsinthehousemorethannowadays.Ithinkthedifferencebetweenthenandnowhasbeen__1__byanumberof__2__suchasthequantityofother__3__，thedifferencesinjobsandinlifestyles,etc.Inthepast,afterpeoplefinishedtheirworkdays,itwasstill__4__andtheydidn'thavetoomanyotheractivitiestodo,__5__theyspenttheirfreetimedoingsomerepairsandmanywomenusedtomake__6__(mostofthemdidn'tevenhaveajob)．Nowadays,__7__，alargenumberofwomenworkandbothmenandwomenhaveto__8__thepressuresofworkandtheyusuallywork__9__hours,sotheyhavelittletimetodorepairsormakeclothesthemselves.Anotherreasonthathasledtothis__10__isthatpeoplehavelessandlesstimefora__11__thatrequiresalotoftime.Andwhentheirhobbyneedssomeknowledge,theyhavelittletimetolearnit.Becauseeverythingthatyouwantto__12__ismoretechnicalandcomplicated(复杂的)thanbefore,doingrepairstakesuptoomuch__13__andpeoplenearlyalwayshavetoturntoaqualifiedtechnician.Besides,traditionsarebeing__14__becausepeoplelearntraditionsfromtheir__15__whentheyareyoung,butnowadays,__16__peoplehavetoomanyhobbieslikesports,videogames,computers,cinemas,amusementparks,chatroomsand__17__spendanyoftheirfreetime__18__theirparents.__19__，globalizationandthegreattechnicaladvancesinthehomearealsocontributingfactors(因素),sothissituationis__20__aroundtheworld.语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章主要探讨了现代的人们不再像以前的人那样经常在家做衣服和修理物品的原因。n1．A.planned　　　　　　　　　B．allowedC．causedD．noted解析：选C　在下文中，作者列举了“导致(caused)”现代人不像过去的人那样经常自己做衣服和修理物品的几个“原因(reasons)”。2．A.reasonsB．choicesC．opportunitiesD．decisions解析：选A　参见上题解析。3．A.habitsB．thoughtsC．activitiesD．judgments解析：选C　由第二段中的“theydidn'thavetoomanyotheractivitiestodo”可知，此处介绍的影响因素是“活动(activities)”的数量。4．A.specialB．hotC．normalD．early解析：选D　由下文中的“theyspenttheirfreetimedoingsomerepairsandmanywomen...”可知，过去，人们下班之后天色还“早(early)”，因为没有其他事情可做，“因此(so)”他们可以从事修理等活动。5．A.butB．soC．ifD．because解析：选B　参见上题解析。6．A.toysB．clothesC．dinnersD．tools解析：选B　第一段中的“peopleusedtomakeclothes”和下文中的“makeclothesthemselves”对此空有提示。7．A.howeverB．thereforeC．otherwiseD．besides解析：选A　上文中的“mostofthemdidn'tevenhaveajob”和下文中的“alargenumberofwomenwork”构成转折关系，因此应用however。8．A.lookintoB．pointoutC．relyonD．dealwith解析：选D　现代人无论男女都需要“应对(dealwith)”工作压力。9．A.flexibleB．longC．difficultD．happy解析：选B　由下文中的“sotheyhavelittletimetodorepairsormakeclothesthemselves”可知，他们需要工作很“长(long)”时间。n10．A.mistakeB．relationshipC．ideaD．situation解析：选D　本空指现在的人们不再像以前的人们那样经常自己做衣服和修理物品这种“情况(situation)”。11．A.jobB．dreamC．hobbyD．meeting解析：选C　下文中的“theirhobby”对此空有提示。12．A.fixB．buyC．copyD．check解析：选A　由下文中的“doingrepairstakesuptoomuch...”可知，你想“修理(fix)”的东西变得更专业、更复杂。13．A.luckB．powerC．courageD．time解析：选D　由上文中的“requiresalotoftime”可知，做修理工作会占据非常多的“时间(time)”。14．A.studiedB．lostC．discussedD．taught解析：选B　由下文中的“nowadays...peoplehavetoomanyhobbies”可知，现在的年轻人有太多其他的兴趣爱好，没有时间学习传统技艺，故传统技艺正在“失传(lost)”。15．A.teachersB．friendsC．neighborsD．parents解析：选D　下文中的“theirparents”对此空有提示。16．A.interestingB．ordinaryC．youngD．elderly解析：选C　由上文中的“whentheyareyoung”可知，此处指“年轻(young)”人。17．A.hardlyB．usuallyC．actuallyD．completely解析：选A　由上文中的“havetoomanyhobbies”可知，他们“几乎没有(hardly)”花时间向他们的父母学习传统技艺。18．A.lookingafterB．learningfromC．cheeringforD．knowingabout解析：选B　由上文中的“peoplelearntraditions”可知，此处指向父母“学习(learningfrom)”传统技艺。19．A.AfterallB．AtleastnC．ForexampleD．Atlast解析：选D　由下文中的“arealsocontributingfactors”和“thissituationis”可知，本段介绍的是最后一个原因，故选Atlast。20．A.happeningB．passingC．disappearingD．serving解析：选A　由上文中的“globalizationandthegreattechnicaladvances”可知，现代的人不像以前的人那样经常做衣服和修理物品，这种情况在全世界范围都在“发生(happening)”。Ⅱ.短文改错TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhenIfelloffandhurtmyfoot.Iwasingreatlypainatthatmoment,butItriedtoactasifnothinghashappeneduntiltheclasswasover.ThoughIhaddifficultywalkbacktomyclassroom,Istilldidn'ttellanyonebutevenrefusedtheofferofhelpofmyclassmates.Asresult,thehurtinmyfootbecameworse.IfItoldittomyteacherormyfriends,Iwouldbebetternow.NowIknowI'mwrong.Wecantellothersourneedforhelpandaccepthishelp.Somedaywecannothelpothersinreturn.Inthisway,wecangetalongtoeachotherhappilyandpeacefully.答案：第一句：off→down/over第二句：greatly→great;has→had第三句：walk→walking;but→and第四句：result前加a第五句：told前加had第七句：his→their第八句：去掉not第九句：to→with