初三英语系列复习资料之短文填空考点集汇讲解和训练

初三英语系列复习资料之短文填空考点集汇讲解和训练

初三系列复习资料之短文填空考点集汇，讲解和训练 ‎ 十八、短文填空及其解题方法 ‎【考点扫描】‎ 短文填空是近两年才创设的一种新题型。这种题型通常有四种形式：‎ ‎1、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，让考生根据上下文填上所缺的单词。‎ ‎2、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，但给出这些单词的第一个字母，让考生根据短文的上下文的意思和所给的提示字母，填上所缺的单词。‎ ‎3、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，同时在一个方框内给出一些单词，让考生根据短文的内容，把这些单词填入空白处，使文章正确、通顺。‎ ‎4、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词或短语，同时给出这些单词或短语的汉语意思，让考生根据短文的上下文和所给汉语的提示，填上适当的单词或短语。陕西省的短文填空题采用的基本上是第四种形式。‎ 这种题型考查的是考生的整体阅读能力、基础语法的运用能力和书面表述能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。‎ 陕西省中考英语题中的短文填空题又有什麽具体特点呢？‎ ‎1、从文体上看，议论文和叙事文为主。‎ ‎2002年陕西省的短文填空题所给的短文是一篇论说文，论说的主题是：只有母亲的爱是真正的爱。2003年的中考说明样题所给的短文是一篇叙事文。讲述的是圣诞节的情况。2003年的中考题中的短文填空题也是一篇叙事文。讲述的是主题是因特网的历史。2004年是一篇论说文。‎ ‎2、从填空的内容上看，以词组和短语为主。‎ ‎2002年短文填空题共有10个空，其中6个空填的是词组和短语。2003年中考说明中短文填空题共有10个空，其中7个空填的是词组和短语。2003年中考题中的短文填空题共有10个空，其中5个空填的是词组和短语。2004年的短文填空题10个空中有6个是词组和短语。也就是说短文填空题要填的词组和短语总体上保持在5-7个。‎ ‎3、从考查的范围上看，以英语的一些特殊用法为主。‎ ‎2002年的短文填空题考到了enough作副词，放在被修饰词之后的用法，考到了“with+名词”构成的介词短语的用法。2003年中考说明中的短文填空题又一次出现了“with+名词”构成的介词短语用法。2003年中考题的短文填空题考查了something wrong这样的形容词后置的特殊用法。2004年的短文填空题考查了twice a day 这样的特殊表示方式。‎ ‎4、从所留的空白上看，以给出汉语提示为主。‎ ‎2003年中考说明的短文填空题共留出10个空白，其中8处给出了汉语提示，2处没有任何提示。2003年中考的短文填空题同样是10个空白，全部给出了汉语提示。2004年10个空白全部给了汉语提示。‎ ‎【名师解难】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 做好短文填空题要求考生具备坚实的语法基础，理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配，熟记英语单词的拼写。做短文填空可以从以下几个方面着手：‎ ‎1、从语法方面考虑 短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、介词和连词的选用等。例如2003年中考的短文填空题的第一个空：“Most of us 1 (忙于)talking about and using the Internet every day….” 在这里，用英语表示“忙于”不仅要用busy, busy之前还要加be, 而be还要和主语most of us保持一致，变成are。再如2004年中考题中的第7个空，but soon you’ll 7 _____(习惯于) doing it. “习惯于”必须用be / get used to, 因为这个短语用在一般将来时中，在助动词之后。‎ ‎2、从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑 如上所说，陕西省的短文填空以词组和短语为主，而词组和短语必然会涉及到很多习惯用法和固定搭配。例如2003年中考说明短文填空的第8个空：“ 8 （在圣诞夜）children are very happy.” 用英语表示“在圣诞夜”必须用On Christmas Eve。因为在“某一天的晚上”习惯上用介词on。2004年考题中的第5个空就是一个固定搭配---at least。‎ ‎3、从上下文的结构方面考虑 有的空白必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什麽样的单词或短语。例如2003年考试说明短文填空的第9个空：They put their stocking at the end of their beds 9 their parents can put presents in them.从上下文文我们可以看出，他们把他们的长筒袜放在床头上是为了让他们的父母亲能够把礼物放在里面。以此判断，后面的句子应是一个目的状语从句。因此，应填so that。再看2004年的10个空Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables and drink water 10_______ (代替) drinks. 这个句子中已经有了谓语动词eat 和drink, 代替就不能再用动词，而需用一个介词instead of。‎ ‎【中考范例】‎ ‎（2004年陕西省中考试题）‎ V. 短文填空（共10空，每空1分，计10分）‎ ‎ 根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示，在下面的空白处写出正确的单词和短语，使短文意思完整。‎ ‎ When you laugh, you will 1 ______(张开) your mouth and your teeth. The healthier those teeth are, the happier you look. Why is that?‎ ‎ It’s 2 _______(因为) your teeth are important in many ways. If you take care of them, they’ll help to take care of you. Strong, healthy teeth help you eat the right food to help you grow. They also help you speak clearly.‎ ‎ You can take care of your teeth by doing like these:‎ ‎ Brush your teeth 3_______ (一日两次) after breakfast and before bedtime. If you can, brush 4 _______(午饭后) or after eating sweet cakes.‎ ‎ Brush all of your teeth, not just the front ones. Spend some time on the teeth along the sides and in the back.‎ ‎ Take your time while brushing. Spend 5_______ (至少) 3 minutes each ‎ time you brush. ‎ ‎ Be sure your toothbrush is soft(柔软的). Ask your parent to help you get a new toothbrush 6 ________(每三个月).‎ ‎ Learn how to floss(用牙线清理) your teeth, which is a very important way to keep them healthy. It feels strange when you do it at first, but soon you’ll 7 _____(习惯于) doing it. The floss gets rid of food that’s hidden between your teeth.‎ ‎ Brushing and flossing 8 ______(保持) your teeth healthy. You also need to care about what you eat and drink. Eat 9 ______(许多) fruits and vegetables and drink water 10_______ (代替) drinks.‎ ‎1. open 张开嘴的“张开”应用open。‎ ‎2. because 要回答前面why提出的问题，应用because。‎ ‎3. twice a day 这是英语常见的一种表示方法。‎ ‎4. after lunch after之后常常跟一个时间点，lunch可看作一个时间点。‎ ‎5. at last 这是一个固定的短语 ‎6. every three months every之后如果有大于一的数词来修饰名词，这个名词用复数形式。又如：every three days, every four years。‎ ‎7. be/ get used to 这也是一个习惯用语，后接名词或定名词。‎ ‎8. keep “keep somebody/ something +形容词”是一个常见句型。‎ ‎9. lots of / a lot of / many 这几个限定词都可用来修饰可数名词的复数。‎ ‎10. instead of 这是一个短语介词，后接名词活动名词。‎ ‎【满分演练】‎ ‎ (1)‎ Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh, and do things with. Surely, there are times when we need to be alone. We don't always want people1________(周围). But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend.‎ No two people are just the same. Sometimes friends don't 2_________(相处得好). That doesn't mean that they no longer like 3_________(互相). Most of the time they will make up and 4__________(继续)being friends.‎ Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very sad. We 5_______(想念) them very much. But we call them and write to them. It could be that we would even see them again. And we can 6__________(结交新朋友）. It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them.‎ Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. 7_________(许多地方)are named after men and women who have been friendly to people in a town. Some libraries are named this way. So are some schools. We 8_______（想起）these people when we go to these places.‎ There's more good news for people who have friends. They live 9________(长一些)than people who don't. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well. Or it could be just knowing ‎ that someone cares. If someone cares about you, you take better care of 10________（你自己）.‎ ‎ (2)‎ ‎ Most great inventors often met with much trouble in their work. Before they could succeed, they had to overcome 1_________(数以千计的)difficulties which were put in their way. The following is one of such examples.‎ ‎ George Stephenson (1781~~1848), a 2__________ (著名的)British inventor made the first train in 1825, using a stream engine. When he was experimenting with the engine 3________ (在火车上), he met with troubles from the government, the newspapers and the gentlemen in the country. They said that the 4________ (噪音)and the smoke would kill cows, horses and sheep, that the engine would burst or that the hot coals from it would set fire to their houses. People believe 5___________ (他们说的话).‎ ‎ George Stephenson told the people that the train could go on small rails, could pull carriages 6________ (装满) goods and passengers and that there was no great danger to them. It was a very difficult matter for him to make them believe. 7________ (然而), after some time, he was able to do it, and the first train, that was driven by George Stephenson himself proved what he had said. On the train there was a new steam engine. It was invented by him, and was proved a complete 8_______ (成功). ‎ ‎ The first day when the train ran on the rails, people along the way heard the noise of the train in the distance, and saw it running quickly to them. They thought it was a genie. They ran quickly back home for fear and closed their doors tightly. They did not dare to 9________ (出来)until it had passed. 10________ (一周以后)an old woman still said that her hen had been so frightened that it hadn't laid any eggs for three days.‎ ‎【练习答案】‎ ‎ (3)‎ Most of American businesses are open five days a week. American school children attend school five days a week as well.‎ ‎ American families usually have a 1 ______（两天）weekend. The weekend is Saturday and Sunday. Over the weekend people spend their time 2 _______ (以许多不同的方式) . Many families enjoy weekends 3 ______(一起) . They may go shopping, go for a drive or visit friends. They may also invite friends over and 4 ______ (聚会) at home. Many American families participate（参加）in sports during the weekend. 5 _______ (跑步), biking, playing volleyball and swimming 6 _____ (流行)in summer. Skiing and skating are the 7 _____ (最喜爱的) winter sports.‎ ‎ Weekends are also a time for American families to work on something in their yards or in 8 ______(他们的) houses. Many families ‎ plant flowers and have vegetable gardens. Some families use the weekends 9 _______（粉刷）or repair their houses. 10 ______(对大部分美国人来说), weekends are very busy.‎ ‎ (4)‎ ‎ Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have come to depend on their cars. The family car 1 _________(一直是) a common thing 2 _______(从……以来) the early twentieth century, and it has changed American life. Many people have moved 3 _______(外面) of the large cities to the suburbs. Some Americans spend 4 ________(每天两小时) or more in their cars 5 _______ (去上班) and home again. Cars have become the 6 _______ (工具) of transportation for most Americans going shopping, and even going on vacations.‎ ‎ Americans 7 ______(过去常常) like big cars, and gasoline used to be very inexpensive. Recently, 8 _______（然而）, the cost of gasoline has increased, smaller cars have become 9 _______（更常见）. Also foreign cars have become very common. Americans have bought 10 _______（大量的）Japanese and German cars. They have bought cars from several other countries as well.‎ ‎ (5)‎ ‎ Each morning a rich man found a poor man sitting on a park bench（长凳）. The poor man always sat there, 1___________ (看着)the big hotel in which the rich man lived. 2_________（有一天）the rich man got out of his car and said to the poor man, "Excuse me, but I just want to know why you sit here and look at my hotel 3_________ (每天早晨)." "Sir," said the poor man, "I am a failure. I have no money, no home. I sleep 4________ (在这条长凳上), and every night I dream（梦想）that one day I'll sleep in that hotel." The rich man said, "Tonight your dream will 5________ (变为现实). I'll pay for the best room in that hotel for you a whole month."‎ ‎ 6_________ (几天以后), the rich man went by the poor man's room to ask him how he was enjoying himself. 7___________ (使他惊讶的是), he found that the man had 8__________ (搬出了)the hotel, back to his park bench. When the rich man asked why, the poor man said, "You see, when I'm down here sleeping on my bench, I dream I'm up there, 9____________ (在那个大宾馆里). It's a wonderful dream. But when I was up there, I dreamed I was back to this cold bench. It was a terrible dream, and I couldn't get any sleep 10________ (根本)."‎ ‎ (6)‎ On October 12, 1989, some Chinese scientists were working at the computers to 1________ (寻找)the information they needed. Suddenly they saw a lot of very bright spots crossing the computers’ screens. 2__________(同时), they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. To their horror, they 3___________ (发现)that most of their stored information was got rid of by computer viruses! Obviously all ‎ these computers had been infected by computer viruses.‎ ‎4___________ (据说)that the computer viruses were made by a group of young men like playing tricks. They all had excellent 5_________ (教育). They created the viruses just to show their intelligence. 6___________ (这种)computer viruses is named Jerusalem Viruses. These viruses can stay in computers 7___________ (很长时间). When the time comes they will attack the computers by lowering the functions, damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information..‎ We now come to know that Jerusalem Viruses often attack computers 8__________ （在星期五）and they are spreading to a lot of computers. Among the countries that suffered computer viruses are Britain, Switzerland, the US and some 9________ (其它的)countries. But till now how to get rid of the terrible viruses 10__________ (仍然是)a problem.‎ ‎ （7）‎ ‎ In American high school 1 _______(大多数) students take English, science, math and history.‎ ‎ 2 _______(在英语课堂上) , the students study grammar and read famous literature. In science class, they study biology, chemistry or physics. History is 3 ________(更有趣) to some students because they learn about important events and places 4 ________(在美国) . Students take 5 ______（其它） courses, too. These are electives. Some study 6 ________（音乐）because they feel it is more enjoyable. Some study 7 _________（计算机科学）because they 8 ________(认为)it is more practical.‎ ‎ 9 ______（在各自课堂上） , teachers give students exams. Some exams are more difficult than others, but a good student can always do 10 ______（好）.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (8)‎ ‎ One kind of vacation that many Americans enjoy is camping. Each summer 1_____ (数百万的) Americans drive to the countryside where they find places 2_____ （野营）. The national parks, many of which are 3 _____(在山里) , are favourite camping places. Campers enjoy the 4 _______（新鲜空气）, the lakes and the forests which they find in these parks. Campers hike, swim and fish. They can also find 5 ______（许多种）animals and plants in the parks. Mostly campers have trailers which they drive or pull behind their cars to their campsites. Trailers are like houses 6 ______（在轮子上）. They have many conveniences which people have in their homes, 7_______（例如）electricity and hot water. But 8 _______（大多数） campers don’t have trailers. They camp in tents which they 9________ （搭起）in their campsites. Campers in tents don’t have the conveniences that campers in trailers have. Tent campers enjoy 10 _________(一种简单的生活) .‎ ‎ （9）‎ ‎ All big cities are quite similar. Living in a modern Asian city ‎ is not very 1 （不同於）living in an American city. The same cannot be said about living 2 （在农场上）, however.‎ ‎ In many parts of the world, farmers and their families live 3 (在村庄和城镇里). In the United States, however, each farm family lives on its own fields, often beyond the sight of any neighbors. 4 （不用） traveling from a village to the fields every morning, American farmers stay 5 （在他们的土地上）throughout the week. They travel to the nearest town 6 （在星期六）for shopping or on Sundays for church. The children ride on buses to large schools which serve 7 (所有的农场家庭) living in the area. In some areas, there are small schools serving a few farm families, and the children walk to school.‎ ‎ 8 （当然）life keeps changing for everyone, including farmers. Today there are cars, good roads, radios, and television sets. And of course there are modern machines for farming. All of these have changed farm life.‎ ‎ For many years, however, farming in America was often a lonely way of living. Farmers 9 （不得不）deal with their own problems, instead of getting help from others. They 10 （学会）to try new methods, and to trust their own ideas instead of following older ways.‎ ‎ (10)‎ A teacher from a western country visited a school in an 1_______ (东方国家). In one class, she watched sixty children as they learned 2_______ (画)a cat. The teacher drew a big ○ 3_________ (在黑板上), and sixty children copied it on their papers. The teacher drew a small ○ on the top of the first and then put two △△ on top of it. The children drew 4_________ (以同样的方式). The lesson went on until there were sixty-one cats in the classroom. Each student’s cat 5________ (看上去)exactly like the one on the board. The visiting teacher watched the lesson and 6________ (感到惊讶). The teaching methods(ways) were very much different from the way of teaching in her country. A children’s art lesson in her own country produced a roomful of pictures, each one is quite 7_________ (不同于)the others. Why? What makes this difference in educational methods? In a classroom in any country, the teacher teaches more than art or history or language. ‎8__________ (在一个国家里)such as the United States or Canada, students are asked to work by themselves and find answers 9_________ (他们自己). The students are helped to learn to have their own ideas. In countries such as China and Japan, students often work together and help each other in the classroom, but the teachers teach and the students listen. The students are asked to memorize a lot. They 10__________ (必须)learn the same textbook. They do the same homework and give the same answers. ‎ (11)‎ He was born in Atlanta‎, ‎Georgia, on January 15,1929. He was black. He lived 1________ （仅仅）thirty-nine years, but he became world-famous in that short time. He 2 _______(长大) in the southeastern part of the United States. He studied at Morehouse‎ ‎College where he met many outstanding men whose ideas he found important and exciting. There he read the writings of Thoreau, which gave him many ideas 3 ________(关于自由) .‎ ‎ After he graduated from Morehouse, he 4 ______(接着) to study at the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, and Boston University. At Boston‎ ‎University, he met his wife, Coretta. 5 ________（1954）, after he got his Ph.D.degree, he became the minister of a small church 6 _________（南方的） . There he became the leader of the black people, who were poor and without power. He gave speeches and led marches. For his ideas and actions, he went to jail 7 ____（一段时间）.‎ ‎ 8 _______(许多年以后), in Washington, D.C., he spoke to a crowd of 250,000 people. He told them, “I have a dream.” That speech is still 9 ______(著名). In 1964 he won the Nobel Peace Prize. His work was not 10______(结束) when he died on April 4, 1968. Who was he? He was Martin Luther King.‎ ‎ (12)‎ Dear Mr. Costa,‎ I’m sorry it has taken me so long to write. I’ve been very busy with work and school, but I’ve 1 ________（想起）you often.‎ How’ve you been lately? Did you have a good Christmas and New Year’s? Mac says you’ve been working hard at the restaurant and that business is very good. What 2 _______(别的) have you been doing?‎ I had a short but good vacation. Mac and I went to Chicago for 3_______ (几天)before Christmas, but I 4 ______(不得不) come back and work between Christmas and New Year’s (including Christmas Day and New Year’s Eve)! 5 _____（每次）something like that 6 _______（发生）I wonder if I really want to work in the hotel business.‎ The other day I was thinking about the fun we used to have 7 ______(在我们英语课堂上). I haven’t seen many of our classmates since the course was over. 8_____ （事实上）, the only one I see very often is Tomiko. I’d really like to get in touch with Franco. Does he 9 _______(曾经) write to you? If so, could you please send me his address?‎ Well, Mac and I are going skating and he 10 ______（在等我）, so I guess I’d better say goodbye now. Write as soon as you can.‎ ‎ Love,‎ ‎ Maria ‎【练习答案】‎ ‎(1)1. around 2. get along well 3. each other 4. go on 5. miss 6. make new friends 7. Many places 8. think of 9. longer 10. yourself ‎(2)1. thousands of 2. famous 3. on the train 4. noise 5. what they said 6. full of 7. However 8. success 9. come out 10. A week later ‎(3)1. two-day 2. in many different ways 3. together 4. have a party 5. Running 6. are popular 7. favourite 8. their 9. to paint 10. For most Americans ‎(4)1. has been 2. since 3. outside 4. two hours a day 5. going to work 6. means 7. used to 8. however 9. more common 10. large numbers of ‎(5)1. looking at 2. One day 3. every morning 4. on this bench 5. come true 6. A few days later 7. To his surprise 8. moved out of 9. in that big hotel 10. at all ‎(6)1. look for 2. At the same moment 3. found out 4. It is said 5. education 6. This kind of 7. for a long time 8. on Fridays 9. other 10. remains ‎(7)1. most 2. In English class 3. more interesting 4. in the United States 5.other 6. music 7. computer science 8. think 9. In each class 10. well ‎(8)1.millions of 2. to camp 3. in the mountains 4. fresh air 5. many kinds of ‎6. on wheels 7. such as 8. most 9. set up 10. a very simple life ‎(9)1. different from 2. on farms 3. in villages or towns 4. Instead of 5. on their land 6. on Saturdays 7. all of the farm families 8. Of course 9. had to10. learned ‎(10)1. eastern country 2. to draw 3. on the blackboard 4. in the same way 5. looked 6. was surprised 7. different from 9. themselves 10. have to ‎(11)1. only 2. grew up 3. about freedom 4. went on 5. In 1954 6. in the south 7. for a short time 8. Many years later 9. famous 10. finished ‎(12)1.thought about 2. else 3. a few days 4. had to 5. Every time 6. happens7. in our English class 8. In fact 9. ever 10. is waiting for me