中考英语专项复习阅读理解 科普环保类专

中考英语专项复习阅读理解 科普环保类专

中考复习科普环保类专项练习 一、阅读理解 When you watch TV programs about wild animals, it is surprising to see how an antelope (羚羊) can run away from a strong lion. In the wilderness, everyone has his own way to protect himself. Even plants have their own ways to fight off enemies. Over millions of years, plants have developed their own defense system (防卫系统). Chemicals are fantastically used by plants to survive (幸存). By making their leaves, flowers, roots and fruits poisonous (有毒的) to enemies, plants can fight back. One such plant is the Golden Wattle tree. The British scientist David Cameron has found when an animal eats the tree’s leaves, the amount (数量) of poison increases in the other leaves. “It’s like the injured leaves telephoning the others to fight together against the enemy,” he said. The tree also sends defense messages to neighboring plants by giving out a special smell. Golden Wattle trees in the nearby 45 meters will get the message and produce more poison within 10 minutes. Now, if an enemy eats too many of the trees’ leaves, he will die. Every kind of plant or tree is good at producing a special set of chemicals. Herbivores, like rabbits, can safely eat the leaves of one tree, but they may be poisoned by its neighbor. In this way, plants have not only developed their own defense system, but also shared it with others. This makes it impossible for a single animal to destroy even a small area of forest. 1．From the first 2 paragraphs, we can learn that _________. A. plants can do nothing against their enemies B. chemicals are quite useful for plants to survive C. an antelope can always run away from a strong lion D. leaves, roots, flowers and fruits of plants are poisonous 2．If animals eat one Golden Wattle tree’s leaves, the tree can________. A. kill the animals with a special smell B. tell other trees to come to protect it C. warn other trees against the animals on the phone D. send defense messages to the neighboring plants 3．The underlined word “herbivores” in the 5th paragraph probably means animals which _____. A ． produce poison B ．live on small animals C ． like to eat rabbits D．feed on plants or grass 4．The last paragraph of the passage suggests that this kind of defense system is ________. A ． bad for animals B．good for forests C．helpful to some animals D．harmful to forests 5．The passage is mainly about __________. A．the examples of protecting forests B．the balance between animals and plants C．the ways of plants fighting against enemies D．the relationship between lions and antelopes Qi Haoran, a Junior 1 student, was quite busy over the past winter vacation – and not just with homework. Qi, together with 10 other classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign (“光盘行动”). The 11 students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of saving food.“Excuse me, do you know that 950 million people around the world still haven’t got enough to eat? Please don’t waste food.” They would say this kind of thing hundreds of times every day. The Clean Your Plate Campaign began on the Internet in January. It calls on people to reduce food waste. China in these years had serious problems with wasted food. CCTV reported in January that the food Chinese people waste every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Chinese people are well known for being hospitable (好客的) and generous（大 方的）.Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food. Luckily, the campaign has got the support of many. In a restaurant in Xinjiang, the owner give the guests who have eaten all that they ordered a sticker (贴花).People can enjoy a free meal when they have 10 stickers. More than 750 restaurants in Beijing have begun to offer smaller dishes and encourage their guests to take leftovers (剩 饭剩菜) home. To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. It’s important that everyone does their bit, just like Qi. Did you finish your meals today? 根据短文内容，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选择最恰当的答案。 6．What did the 11 students do in the winter vacation? A. The helped each other with homework. B. They opened a restaurant together. C. They volunteered for a campaign. D. They collected money from customers in restaurants. 7．In this passage the underlined word “call on ” means ______. A.打电话 B.号召 C.拜访 D.叫喊 8．The Clean Your Plate Campaign calls on people to _____. A. do volunteer work B. work part time in restaurants C. cut down on food waste D. wash your plates after dinner 9．From Paragraphs 4-5, we learn that _____. A. wasting food is a serious problem in China B. Chinese people waste the most food in the world C. Chinese people want to show off that they are rich D. most Chinese people are afraid of losing face at the table 10．What did the restaurant in Beijing do to support the campaign? A. The owner would have dinner with those who had eaten up their food. B. It offered a free meal to the guests who had finished all their food ten times. C. It gave stickers to the guests who ordered small dishes. D. It encouraged customers to take leftovers home. In nature, you may see many insects (昆虫）and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why? Locusts are super delicious food for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them. It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies. The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops(庄稼). When crops are young, locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do. Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They can’t be seen easily by their enemies. This is because they have colors similar to the trees. For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white. Butterflies and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers. Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil(土壤） in a dark and wet environment. However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive, they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night. Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts? The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over , its enemies will find themselves suddenly in a dark world. At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself safe though it is not strong at all. 11．It is not easy for birds to catch locusts because____________. A .locusts are good runners B. locusts can jump very high C. locusts are smarter than birds D. locusts can change their color 12．According to the passage, most soil insects_________ A. do not have bright colors B. change their colors with the soil C. do not live in a dark and wet environment D. Eat colorful insects like butterflies and bees 13．What’s the meaning of the underlined word”survive” in the passage? A. 繁殖 B. 产卵 C. 觅食 D. 生存 14．The ink fish _______so that its enemies will not see it? A. changes its color B. makes the water around it black C. appears only at night D. hides itself in the sea rocks 15．What is the main idea of this passage? A. Some insects and animals have different skills. B. Some insects and animals are clever than we think. C. Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves. D. Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily. Many children think mobile phones are cool. They come in fun colors and let you talk with friends anytime and anywhere. In the U.S., more than 90 million people use mobile phones. Many of these people are children. For children, mobile phones are more than phone calls. They are fashionable. Most mobile phone users don’t think about the health problems caused(引起) by mobile phones. Some scientists say that mobile phones give off radiation(辐射) that might be bad for the users. One newest study shows that mobile phone radiation might raise(增加) a person’s chance of getting some kinds of cancer(癌症). Other scientists say mobile phones don’t’ threaten people’s health. They say that they have not found any link(联系) between phone use and cancer. Scientists say that people can protect (保护) themselves from mobile phone radiation. One way is to use a headset(耳机). Or people can make shorter call. 16．Many children like mobile phones because they think mobile phones are _________. A. cool B. small C. cheap D. their toys 17．Many of the mobile phone users in the U.S. are ___________. A. girls B. boys C. scientists D. children 18．Some scientists think mobile phones aren’t _________ for users health. They causes some kinds of cancer A. bad B. good C. wrong D. helpful 19．The underlined word “threaten” in the passage means ____________. A. 威胁. B. 担心 C. 治疗 D. 证实 20．What should people do to protect themselves from mobile phone radiation? A. Make longer calls B. Use a headset C. Make shorter calls D. Both B and C This March, the H7N9 virus (病毒) hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and so on. It seemed that most people who were infected(被感染) with H7N9 had the common flu. Some people suffered from a fever or a cough. Don’t be afraid—it’s not easy to be infected with the virus. Here is some advice to help you protect yourself when it comes. Wash your hands. You need to wash your hands with soap and hot water before you eat, after you use the toilet, and after you touch animals, because your hands may carry viruses. Cover your nose and mouth. When someone sneezes(打喷嚏) or coughs, flu viruses can travel as far as one meter through the air, so you’d better stand a proper distance (距离) while talking to someone who has a cold. And always cover your mouth and nose with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough, and then clean your hands. Wear a mask(口罩). Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 80%, but if you don’t wash your hands often, it’s no use wearing a mask. And it’s necessary to wear the mask in the groups of people. Do sports often. Exercises will help make your body strong enough to resist the virus. 21．When did the H7N9 virus hit Shanghai? A．In March, 2013. B．In May, 2013. C．In March, 2012. 22．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Some people who were infected with the H7N9 virus had a toothache. B．You should cover your mouth and nose with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough. C．Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 100%. 23．How many ways to stop the virus are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. 24．What does the underlined word “resist ” mean in Chinese? A．抵抗 B．传播 C．感染 25．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．It tells us how to wash hands. B．It tells us why we should use masks. C．It gives us some advice on how to protect ourselves when the H7N9 virus comes. Carrots(胡萝卜) are grown on farms and in small family gardens all over the world. They are easy to plant and easy to harvest(收获). They have a good taste. When people think about carrots, they usually think they are a kind of long, thin, orange-colored vegetable. In fact, carrots are in many different sizes and shapes. And not all carrots are orange. Carrots should be grown in a field that does not have water for a long time. The earth also should not be too hard. To prepare your carrot garden, dig up the earth and turn it over(翻土). Weather, soil condition(土壤状况), and time affect(影响) the taste of carrots. Warm days and cool nights are the best time to grow great delicious carrots. The best way to decide if a carrot is ready to be harvested is by its color. Usually, the brighter the color is, the better the taste is. Most people do not know that carrots can be grown during the winter months. If the winter is not cold enough to freeze the ground, you can grow carrots the same way as you do during the summer months. Carrots are prepared and eaten in many different ways. They are cut into thin pieces and cooked with other vegetables or meat. Or, they are washed, and eaten just as they come out of the ground. 26．Carrots are easy to plant but hard to harvest. 27．Carrots should be grown in a field without water for a long time. 28．The best way to decide if a carrot is ready to be harvested is by its size. 29．Everyone knows that carrots can be grown during the winter months. 30．We can prepare and eat carrots in many different ways. Hi Brad, It’s good to hear from you again. I find that I’m not good at writing compositions. It’s hard for me to prepare the form of a composition and organize sentences. ① Could you tell me how to deal with this problem? I would really appreciate if you offer me some good methods. Best wishes, Cindy Hi Cindy, A composition is really a story and any story is told to an audience. There is a form for this and it is in three parts. First, tell them(the audience) what you are going to tell them. Then tell them, and finally tell them what you told them. Parts one and three are short and most of the information is in part two. It works like this. Let’s say you are asked to write a 200-word composition about your visit to the Great Wall. You would begin with an opening sentence or two saying something like “The Great Wall of China is a national ②landmark that is famous around the world. I visited it last summer and I want to tell you about it.” That uses about 25 words to tell them what you are going to tell them. The second part would be about 150 words and would contain information about the Great Wall such as how long it is, when it was built, who built it and why, the fact that it is one of the seven wonders of the world and you would talk about how you felt and what you thought when you visited this national treasure. This is telling them. Finally, you would use about another 25 words to say something like “That was my first visit to the Great Wall and it was a very emotional experience to actually touch something so old and famous. ③每个中国人至少参观长城一次.I plan to go back whenever I can.” Here, you are telling them what you told them in the story and wrapping it all up into a neat package. This formula(惯例)works for both compositions and speeches and I think you will find it helps to organize your thoughts. I hope it’s helpful. Best wishes, Brad Franklin 31 ．将文中①处的画线部分翻译成汉 语： . 32．(A) 试写出文中②处画线部分 landmark 的汉语意思： . (B)下面有四个在文中出现的单词，请找出画线部分发音哪个与众不同? . A. work B. word C. information D. world 33 ． 将 文 中 ③ 处 的 汉 语 翻 译 成 英 语： . 34．从文中找出适当的词组填空：How I wish to get a letter from you soon! How I wish to _________ _________ you soon! 35 ． 用 英 语 回 答 问 题 ： What’s the main idea of the passage? . When you look up into the sky at night, have you ever felt that your eyes are playing tricks on (捉弄) you? It seems that the stars are moving all the time. Actually, there is nothing wrong with your eyes. This twinkling effect is called scintillation (交光). Scintillation happens because of air movements in the earth’s atmosphere (大气). Light is “bent (弯曲的)” when it travels through different parts of the earth’s atmosphere. As the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too. The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, if you look at the road, the image in the distance is not clear and things move slightly. You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water. This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. A telescope (望远镜) was sent into space so that the air movements in the atmosphere could be avoided (避免). It took a long time to build the space telescope but finally in 1990, a huge space telescope called the Hubble Space Telescope was successfully sent into space. Since then, astronomers have many important observations that have helped people understand space better. 根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。 （10 分） 36．What happens to the light from the stars we see when the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving? A. It looks even brighter. B. It looks as if it is bent. C. It looks as if it is moving. D. It looks like drops of rain. 37．Scintillation also happens on according to the passage. A. rainy days B. shiny days C. cloudy days D. windy days 38．What can you see when you drop a rock into the water? A. The rock gets broken. B. The rock becomes unclear. C. The water becomes much polluted. D. The water does not move anymore. 39．The underlined word “observe” means “ ”. A. watch B. listen C. draw D. explain 40．Why is scintillation a problem for astronomers? A. The stars never stay still. B. It makes the stars too dark to see. C. It makes astronomers feel too hot to work. D. Astronomers cannot observe the stars clearly. Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device(装 置) which uses satellites (卫星) to find the user’s position(位置). It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are. GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street. There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates(计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well. Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate(精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again. 41．According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people __________. A. can’t be lost in a new city B. can’t find their way in different countries C. can learn about the culture of an unknown place D. can spend the least time getting to another place 42．We can learn from the passage that ____________. A. there are three parts to the GPS B. a GPS can’t be put into a watch C. a GPS can help you start your car D. the GPS are becoming more and more expensive 43．The underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 means “____________”. A. Receivers B. GPS devices C. Satellites D. Ground stations 44．The passage is mainly about _______________. A. the history of the GPS B. the introduction of the GPS C. the shape of the GPS D. the three parts of the GPS 45．What can we infer(推断) from the passage? A. All GPS devices have electronic maps. B. People in many countries will use the GPS for free. C. The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites. D. The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life. Many of us don’t pay much attention to the importance of eye care. It is said if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care. Natural eye care should be put in a number one place. There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, genes （基因）and aging(老化). Televisions, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you happen to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a break every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays. Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamins A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly (定期的) and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time. All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes. Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person’s eyesight, too. All in all, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is. 46．____ is the most important way to protect our eyes. A. Natural eye care B. Taking medicine C. Seeing the doctor D. Being happy all the time 47．All the following causes can lead to bad eyesight except______. A. aging B. height C. reading D. computers 48．What should you do if you have to work in front of the computer? A. Eat healthy foods. B. Clean the eye by using cold water C. Wear a pair of sunglasses D. Have a rest after working for a while 49．What do the underlined words “UV rays” mean? A 沙尘 B. 闪电 C. 紫外线 D. 超声波 50．Which is the best title of the passage? A. Ways of Eye Care B. Ways of Eye Exercises C. Ways of Being Happy D. Ways if Being Healthy 阅读与回答问题(本题共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 l0 分) If the temperature rises by 5 degrees tomorrow, you will probably take off just one coat. But such a change in the average world temperature would be a serious problem. Many animals and plants would not be able to deal with these changes, and would die. The UNEP(联合国环境规划署) released（发布）the Report 2012 on November 21, 2012. It says that if we don’t take action now, the world temperature will have risen by 3 to 5 degrees by the end of this century. A large rise in temperatures could be terrible for us and for many other living things on Earth. Sea levels will rise because higher temperatures will cause melting ice flow into the sea. Large coastal (沿海的) cities in countries such as the Netherlands and Bangladesh could be flooded. Some plants such as corn and sugarcane (甘蔗) will not grow well in higher temperatures. Some countries, such as Brazil and parts of Africa, will not have enough food. The change may cause less rain and even make some places very dry. On November 26, people from around 200 nations and regions gathered again in Doha (多哈) for the annual UN climate talks.“Climate change is coming to all human beings and effective actions need to be taken to deal with it.”president of the conference said at the opening ceremony. 51．What will you probably do if the temperature rises by 5 degrees tomorrow? 52．When was the Report 2012 released by the UNEP? 53．Why will sea level rise? 54．Where did they attend the annual UN climate talks? 55．As a student, what action will you take to deal with the rising temperatures? （请自拟一句话） How dangerous it would be if there was a fire! Winter is the time for us to learn a lot more about fire, especially what to do if we are caught in a fire. 1. Shout out If you smell smoke or see fire, shout out “Fire!” Shout as loudly as you can, because people may be asleep. 2. Call 119 Never try to put out the fire yourself, even if it is a very small one! Get help from your parents or call 119. 3. Keep down close to the floor If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep down close to the floor. 4. Test the door Test the door before you open it. If the door is cool, open it carefully. If the door is hot, do not open it! Try to find a different way out. 5. Get out If you can, get out of your home as soon as possible. 6. Don’t use the lift Never use the lift during the fire. It may also go wrong. 7. Don’t go back Never go back into a burning building! 56．The passage is mainly about _____ A. how to look after yourself when you are on fire B. what to do when you are caught in a fire C. when to leave the burning place D. why to call 119 when there is a fire 57．When people are asleep, what will you do when a fire breaks out in your building? A. Call 120 for help as quickly as you can B. Only wake your parents up fast C. Shout out “Fire!” as loudly as you can D. Run away as fast as you can and don’t call others 58．Why shouldn’t you use the lift when a fire breaks out? A. Because taking the lift is so slow B. Because the fire can burn you C. Because the lift is too crowded D. Because the lift may not work 59．When a fire is burning, you test the door to ____. A. find a different way out B. notice the fire clearly C. call for a much quicker help D. see if it is close 60．If you realize you have left an expensive thing at home in a fire, you should A. go back for it B. keep down close to the door C. not get out D. not go back for it Do you have a mobile phone? Do you often send text messages（短信） to your friends or family? If you keep sending text messages over and over again, there may be something wrong with your fingers. 61． If you don’t, you may get injured one day. Text messaging or texting is becoming popular. But scientists have found out that texting can give us problems with fingers. Too much texting can make your fingers uncomfortable. When we press small buttons over and over again, we may have a disease called RSI. RSI is short for Repetitive Strain Injury (重复性力损伤). Harriet Wilson is a doctor. She has many patients with RSI. 62． If we spend more than 10 to 15 minutes every day, we could have such problems in the future. Mobile phones are getting smaller and smaller. 63． Texting with a smaller phone is worse than using a larger phone with bigger buttons. 64． . If you use a computer keyboard and play video games for long, you may have the same problem. More and more people can find themselves with RSI. A. So it’s a good idea to use a larger phone. B. Everybody using the mobile phones should be careful. C. And the buttons are getting closer together. D. It’s easy to find out that mobile phones have changed our life. E. She says we should check how much time we are spending in typing text messages. 65．What does the writer want to tell us? A. He wants to ask us not to send text messages with mobile phones. B. He wants to tell us to use small mobile phones to send text messages. C. He wants to tell us some good ways to communicate with friends. D. He wants to tell us the damage（伤害） of sending text messages too much. The Internet, mobile phones and Ipads are part of our lives now. Technology is greatly affecting all ways of our lives, from the ways we work to the ways we play. And it even causes a number of social problems such as cloning humans. We have had lots of technology and it has changed our lives a lot. There is no doubt that humans will continue to use more and more technology. Here are some examples of modern technology that will change our ideas and will affect our lives greatly. Global positioning system (GPS) (全球定位系统) It’s a system that uses radio signals from satellites to show exact(精确地) information. It tells you where the user is on the earth in all weather conditions. It’s made up of three parts: satellites, control equipments (设备) on land and receivers. Space Technology Russian and American scientists have worked together for the international Space Station (ISS) for a long time. They hope the ISS will provide a long-lasting lab. Such a lab will bring humans limitless(无限的) advantages. It’s even hoped that one day space technology will take humans to their new houses in space. Underwater Robot Hercules is a kind of underwater robot with some high technology equipments. It will be used to search for ancient ships which were destroyed into the deep sea during their journey long ago. The world is changing so quickly that it’s hard for us to catch up with all the new inventions because they seem to come out every month. It’s important for us to learn about new technology and the role that it plays in our lives. So we should be willing to accept modern technology, or we will fall behind the times. 66．______ can tell you where the user is on the earth exactly. A. Satellites B. Receivers C. Global Positioning System D. Underwater Robot 67．According to the passage, which is NOT true about the ISS? A. It has carried people to other planets. B. It will provide a long-lasting lab for us. C. Russian and American are working for it. D. Humans will get a lot of advantages from it. 68．Hercules is used to ______. A. save lives in the sea B. take picture in the sea C. repair the broken ships D. look for the ancient ships in the sea 69．From the passage, we know that ______. A. the use of GPS is affected by the weather conditions B. it’s very important for us to learn about new technology C. it’s easy for us to catch up with all the new inventions D. technology brings us many advantages such as cloning humans 70．What is the purpose of the passage? A. To help us study some new technology. B. To tell us technology is changing the world. C. To help solve the problems that technology causes. D. To remind us the advantages of technology are limitless. Look at the centre circles of Diagram (图)A and Diagram B. Which of the centre circles looks larger? In fact, they are exactly the same size. Then look at the picture on the right. What do you see? A vase? Or two faces？Does the picture change quickly from one to the other again and again? Maybe or maybe not, but you can never see them at the same time. “What’s happening? Is something wrong with my eyes?” You may wonder at what you see. Don’t worry. Here is how it goes: When we look at things, our eyes send messages to our brains and then our brains interpret（解读）the information. However, sometimes our brains interpret the received information in a wrong way. It seems that our eyes are playing a joke on us. This often happens and we call it “visual illusion(视觉错误)”. Movie makers often make use of visual illusions. They make the objects around actors much smaller or bigger than usual. This makes us believe that the actors are much larger or smaller than they usually are. The movies Jurassic Park and Honey I shrunk the kids just make use of visual illusions. 71．Why does the centre circle in Diagram A look smaller than that in Diagram B? A. something is wrong with our eyes B. the two circles are not the same size C. our brains interpret the information in a wrong way D. the two pictures change quickly from one to the other 72．What do movie makers make use of visual illusions for ? A. To help the actors look better A B B. To make the actors much braver C. To help the actors become stronger D. To make the actors seem different in size 73．In the picture below, it seems that Line AB is shorter than Line CD, but in fact Line AB is as long as Line CD. Which paragraph can explain what has happened to our eyes? A. The second one. B. The third one. C. The fourth one. D. The sixth one. 74．What’s the right order according to the passage? a. We look at things with our eyes. b. Our brains interpret the messages. c. Our brains tell us what we have seen. d. Our eyes send messages to our brains. A. a d b c B. c a b d C. a c d b D. b c a d 75．Where may this passage be from? A. A letter B. An English newspaper C. A science book D. An advertisement In the 13th century, the Italian traveler, Marco polo , traveled a long way to China , During his stay in China , he saw many wonderful things . One of the things he discovered was that the Chinese used paper money . In western countries , people did not use paper money until the 15th century . However , people in China began to use paper money in the 7th century . A Chinese man called CaiLun invented paper almost 2000 years ago. He made it from wood . He took the wood from trees and made it into paper . He then put these pieces of paper together and made them into a book . Now paper still comes from trees . We use a lot of paper every day ! If we keep on wasting so much paper , there will not be any trees on the earth . If there are no trees , there will be no paper . Every day , people throw away about 2800 tons (吨) of paper in our city . It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper . This means that we are cutting nearly 48000 trees every day . Since it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow , we must start using less paper now . If we don’t , we will not have enough time to grow more trees to take the place of those we use for paper . So how can we save paper ? We can use both sides of every piece of paper , especially when we are making notes .We can choose drinks in bottles instead of those in paper packets . We can also use cotton handkerchiefs (手帕) and not paper ones . When we go shopping , we can use fewer paper bags . If the shop assistant does give us a paper bag, we can save it and reuse it later . Everyone can help to save paper . If we all think carefully , we can help protect trees . But we should do it now , before it is too late . 76．When he was in China , Marco polo ___________ . A. discovered CaiLun invented paper B. learned to make paper C. saw many wonderful things D. told people about it 77．About _______ tons of paper are thrown away every day in our city. A. 1700 B. 2000 C. 2800 D. 48000 78．Which of the following is NOT the way of saving paper ? A. To use both sides of every piece of paper B. To use the paper bags from shops more than once C. To use cotton handkerchiefs instead of paper ones D. To grow more trees 79．Which of the following is NOT TRUE ? A. If we keep on wasting paper , we will have no paper to use B. The Chinese used paper money much earlier than the people in western countries C. About 48000 trees can be used to make 2800 tons of paper D. It is never too late to plant trees for paper . 80．Which is the best title (标题)of the passage ? A. Saving Paper B. The history of Paper C. Cotton Handkerchiefs Back Again D. CaiLun , the Great Inventor 读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子正误。正确的涂 A， 错误的涂 B。(共 5 小题，每小题 2 分；计 10 分) The bicycle is really an important means of transportation in China. Bicycles have become more and more popular in China. People ride bikes to their workplaces, to shopping centers, to schools, and so on. During the rush hour, you can often see a lot of bicycles running . With the largest number of bike riders in the world, China is often called the kingdom of bicycles. There are many advantages(优点) about the bicycle. For example bicycles do not cause(导致) air or sound pollution; compared with cars, bicycles cause no environmental（环境）problems; bicycles save energy() and parking places; riding bikes to travel can be a wonderful exerience; the bicycle make us go anywhere nearby easily; bikes are not very expensive, and almost every family can afford them; riding bikes regularly is also good for people's health. 81．The bicycle is really an important means of transportation in China. 82．China is called the kingdom of bicycles, because it has the largest number of bike riders. 83．Riding bicycles causes some environmental problems.. 84．According to the passage, you can go anywhere by bicycle easily. 85．Bikes are very expensive, and almost every family can not afford them. Have you ever seen a horse with toes(脚趾)？Millions of years ago, horses had many toes. They had four toes on each front foot. They had three toes on each back foot. The horses were no bigger than the cats. These small horses lived in the forest. The toes helped the horses run on the soft, wet ground. At first, it was very hot in the forest. But the weather changed. It became very cold. Many trees could not live in cold weather. The trees died and fell. Open fields took the place of forests. The sun made the ground dry and hard. Horsed began to change, too. They began to get bigger. This took a long time. On the dry, hard land, horses needed only their middle toes for running. Their middle toes became hard. After a long time, horses had only one hard toe on each foot. Now we call this hard toe a hoof. 86．How many toes did a horse have millions of years ago? A. 14 B.12 C.16 D.13 87．What does the underlined word “hoof” mean in Chinese? A.尾巴 B.马鬃 C.腿 D.蹄子 88．What was the weather like in the forest at first? A. Very warm B. Very hot C. Very cold D. Very cool 89．Which is WRONG according to the passage? A. The horses were much bigger than the cats millions of years ago. B. The trees died and feel because the weather changed. C. On the dry, hard land, horses needed only their middle toes for running. D. The horses have fewer toes than before. 90．The main idea of the passage is that_______________. A. horses had three toes on each back foot. B. horses lived in the hot forest C. horses changed a lot over the years D. horses didn’t like the cold weather I wonder whether there is any girl or boy who does not like to see a rainbow in the sky. It is so beautiful. There is a story, saying that whenever you see a rainbow you should run at once to the place where it touches the ground, and there you would find a pot of gold. Of course it is not true. You could not find the pot of gold or its end. No matter how far you run, it always seems far away. A rainbow is not a thing which we can feel with our hands as we can feel a flower. It is only the effect of light shining on raindrops. The raindrops catch the sunlight and break it up into all the wonderful colours which we see. It is called a rainbow perhaps because it is made up of raindrops and looks like a bow（弓). That is why we can never see a rainbow in a clear sky. We see a rainbow only when there is rain in the air and the sun is shining brightly through the clouds. Every rainbow has many colours in the same order. The first or the top colour is always red, and the next comes orange, then yellow, and last of all, blue. A rainbow is indeed one of the wonders of nature. 91．Children like rainbows because . A. they are beautiful B. they are like bows C. they can find a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow D. they are good to crops 92．We cannot feel with our hands. A. a pot of gold B. a flower C. a rainbow D. a raindrop 93．We can see a rainbow . A. when it is raining heavily B. when it is snowing C. when it is cloudy D. when it is becomes fine shortly after raining 94．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A.A rainbow is like bow. B.A rainbow is the effect of light shining on raindrops. C. Every rainbow has different colours in different orders. D.A rainbow is one of the wonders of nature. 95．The first colour of a rainbow is always . A. yellow B. red C. green D. blue Mobile phone has become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have banned(禁止) students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, teachers said mobile phone use is a distraction(娱乐) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams. She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with(与…联系) their children. Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school office. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school: they were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies. Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones. 96．Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobile phones . A. because they are students B. when they are free C. when they are at school D. because they are children 97．We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from . A. the makers and sellers B. the passers-by and strangers C. their parents and friends D. some mobile phones users 98．What does the underlined word cheat mean in the passage? . A.聊天 B.核对 C.查询 D.作弊 99．Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t during school hours. A. use their mobile phones B. leave their mobile phones at school office D. help the teachers with their work D. get in touch with their children 100．The passage tells us that . A. students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except for some special reasons. B. it is impossible to ban students from using mobile phones at school C. some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t use their phones at school D. parents should teach their children how to use mobile phones during school 参考答案 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．C 【解析】短文大意:这篇短文主要以几种植物为例,讲述了植物的自保方式. 1．根据第二段 Chemicals are fantastically used by plants to survive (幸存).描述,可知化学品对于 植物的生存来说非常重要.故选 B. 2．根据第三段“It’s like the injured leaves telephoning the others to fight together against the enemy,” he said. 描述,可知这种树能给自己的邻居发送自保信息.故选 D. 3．联系下文 like rabbits, can safely eat the leaves of one tree,可知此处指的是草食动物.故选 D. 4．根据短文最后一段描述,可知这种防御体系对于森林来说大有好处.故选 B. 5．这篇短文主要介绍了植物用来抵御天敌的方法.故选 C. 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 【解析】短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍了在一些中国城市兴起的“光盘行动”，即号召人们吃完盘子中的 食物，减少食物浪费的活动。 6．根据短文第一段描述，可知这个十一个学生义务参加了一项活动。故选 C。 7．联系下文 to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign (“光盘行动”).描述，可知此处指的是号召人们 参加光盘行动。故选 B。 8．根据短文第三段 It calls on people to reduce food waste.及上下文描述，可知这个活动主要是号召 人们减少食物浪费。故选 C。 9．根据第四段 China in these years had serious problems with wasted food.及下一段描述，可知这 两段主要是说在中国的食物浪费问题非常严重。故选 A。 10．根据短文倒数第二段 More than 750 restaurants in Beijing have begun to offer smaller dishes and encourage their guests to take leftovers (剩饭剩菜) home.描述，可知这些饭店鼓励人们将剩饭 带回家。故选 D。 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 【解析】短文大意：这篇短文中作者主要介绍了一些动物如何利用颜色来保护自己的方式。 11．根据第二段 Locusts are super delicious food for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them……e reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops(庄 稼). 及下文描述,可知鸟类不易捉住昆虫是因为他们能够随着庄稼而改变他们自身的颜色.故选 D. 12．根据第三段 Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil(土壤） in a dark and wet environment.描述，可知生活在土壤里面的昆虫没有明亮的颜色。故选 A。 13．联系下文 they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.描述，可知此 处指的是为了生存。故选 D。 14．根据短文最后一段描述，可知墨鱼能够能够喷出一种墨水，让它周围水的颜色变黑来保护自己。故选 B。 15．这篇主要介绍了一些动物依靠自身颜色来保护自己的生存方式。故选 C。 16．A 17．D 18．B 19．A 20．D 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文主要谈论了手机对于我们健康的危害，以及如何保护自己的健康。 16．根据第一段 Many children think mobile phones are cool. 描述，可知他们认为手机很酷。故选 A。 17．根据短文第二段 In the U.S., more than 90 million people use mobile phones. Many of these people are children. 描述，很多手机用户是孩子们，故选 D。 18．根据短文第三段 Some scientists say that mobile phones give off radiation(辐射) that might be bad for the users. One newest study shows that mobile phone radiation might raise(增加) a person’s chance of getting some kinds of cancer(癌症).描述，可知一些科学家认为手机对于人们的健康没有好 处。故选 B。 19．联系上下文描述，可知此处指的是，其它科学家认为手机不会威胁人们的健康。故选 A。 20．根据短文最后一段 One way is to use a headset(耳机). Or people can make shorter call.描述， 可知为了保护自己，我们可以用耳机或者尽量缩短通话时间。故选 D。 考点：关于手机危害的议论文阅读 点评：本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就 能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。 21．A 22．B 23．B 24．A 25．C 【解析】主旨大意：这篇短文主要介绍了如何预防 H7N9 流感的几条措施。 21．本题根据 Shanghai 定位到第一句，this March 即可得出答案为 A。 22．本题最好用排除法解题，A 选项定位在第一段第二句和第三句，选项 A 错误在 toothache，C 选项定位 倒数第二段的第二句，Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 80%,与选项 Cas much as 80%不符合，所以答案为 B 23．本题为分散型细节题，根据题干要求以及定位到第二段 Here is some advice to help you protect yourself when it comes.往下数，即可得出 Wash your hands. Cover your nose and mouth. Wear a mask(口 罩).Do sports often. 四点，即可得出答案为 B 24．细节题（猜词题）。根据 Exercises will help make your body strong enough to resist the virus， 其中 to 表目的，锻炼能够有强壮的身体去抵抗病毒，也可用选项代入法解题，选取最符合文章逻辑的，答 案为 B 25．主旨题。该题属于主旨题中主题题，分析选项，A 属于文章中的段落主旨，属于文章细节，不能代替主 旨，排除 A，同理，B 选项排除，答案为 C。该题也同样可用反推法解题。 26．F 27．T 28．F 29．F 30．T 【解析】主旨大意：这篇短文主要介绍了胡萝卜的种植，生长及食用价值。 26．根据第一段第二句即可得出答案，题干错误在 but hard to harvest。 27．根据第三段的第一句即可得出答案，without water 跟文章中的信息句 does not have water for a long time.出现了同义转换。 28．根据第五段第一句即可得出答案，题干错误在 by its size，信息句是 by its color. 29．根据倒数第二段第一句即可得出答案，题干错误在 Everyone knows that，而信息句是 most people do not know that，与原文意思相悖。 30．根据最后一段的第一句，题干与原文比较出现了主动变被动，但意思一致。 31．你能告诉我怎样处理/解决这个问题吗？ 32．(A) 地标；里程碑 (B) C 33．Every Chinese should visit the Great Wall at least once. 34．hear from 35．How to write a composition/an article?/ The way of writing a composition./ How to prepare the form of a composition and organize sentences. 【解析】 31．考察短语 deal with 处理。注意疑问词+不定式可以起相当于宾语从句的作用。 32．联系上下文，可知此处指的是，中国的长城是一个闻名于世界的国家性地标。故答地标；里程碑。根 据 可知选 C。 33．短语 the Great Wall 长城；at least once 最少一次。 34．get a letter from=hear from 受到……的信。 35．联系第一封信的内容 I find that I’m not good at writing compositions.……Could you tell me how to deal with this problem?可知第二封信的主要内容就是如何写作文。答案不唯一，符合题意即可。 36．C 37．B 38．B 39．A 40．D 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了发生在大气中的一种重要的自然现象——交光现象，短文详细的介绍了这 种现象的科学原理及其对宇航员工作的影响。 36．根据第二段 As the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.描述，可知它看起来好像在移动，故选 C。 37．根据第三段 The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, 描述，可知交光现象也可能发生在白天，故选 B。 38．根据第三段 You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.描述，可知石头变得看不清楚了。故选 B。 39．联系上下文，可知此处指的是，由于他们不能清楚地观察到星星。故选 A，观察。 40．根据最后一段 This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. 描述，可知因此宇航员就不能清晰地观察星星了。故选 D。 考点：科普类说明文阅读 点评：本文浅显易懂，各个小题都能在文中找到适当依据。只要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系，就能顺利 完成阅读。文章所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同。 41．A 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．D 【解析】短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍了卫星定位系统的工程及工作原理。 41．根据短文第一段 It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.描述，可知卫星定位系统能让你知道自己在哪儿。故选 A， 不会在新城市中迷路。 42．根据第三段 There are three parts to the Global Positioning System.描述，可知卫星定位系统有 三个部分。故选 A。 43．联系下文 The third part of the system is a network of ground stations.描述，可知指的是地面 接收站。故选 D。 44．这篇短文主要介绍了卫星定位系统的工程及工作原理。故选 B，介绍卫星定位系统。 45．根据短文最后一段描述，可知卫星定位系统在日常生活中会变得越来越普通。故选 D。 46．A 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．A 【解析】 试题分析：我们中的许多人不重视眼保健的重要性。有几个原因导致视力不佳，如没有足够的食物，基因 和老化等等。电视，电脑和阅读也是很重要的原因。如果发生这种情况，最好的办法就是用冷水来清洁您 的眼睛。您还必须尽你所能，以保护您的眼睛免受有害的东西。例如，戴太阳镜，吃健康食品，这将保护 您的视力。请记住，维生素 A，C 和 E 对眼睛好。尝试吃这些维生素的食物。 46．细节理解题，根据文中语句“Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.”理解可知。 自然保护法是非常重要的，故选 A。 47．细节理解题，根据文中语句“There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, genes（基因）and aging(老化). Televisions, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight.”理解可知。高度对眼睛没有损害，故选 B。 48．细节理解题，根据文中语句“If you happen to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a break every once in a while.”理解可知。在电脑前工作一段时间要休息一会儿，故选 D。 49．理解推断题，根据文中语句“For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays.”理解可知。戴太阳镜的目的是防紫外 线的辐射，故选 C。 50．标题理解归纳题，纵观文中语句理解可知，本文主要讲述了怎样保护眼睛的问题，故选 A。 考点：健康保健类的阅读 点评：此题考查的内容广泛，既有对语句的理解，还有对短文标题的推测，对这类题目把握难度稍大，这 就要求对整篇文章有较深的理解，因此要对文章多读两遍，把握好每个小细节，读懂文章后作出正确选择。 51．We will probably take off just one coat. 52．On November , . 53．Because higher temperatures will cause melting ice flow into the sea. 54．In Doha. 55．意对，言之有理即可。 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文主要讲述的是气温升高对我们的生活及地球环境带来的一些问题以及人们为了应对这 些问题所采取的一些行动。 51．根据第一段 If the temperature rises by 5 degrees tomorrow, you will probably take off just one coat. 描述，可知答：We will probably take off just one coat. 52．根据第二段 The UNEP(联合国环境规划署) released（发布）the Report 2012 on November 21, 2012. 描述，可知答：On November. 53．根据第三段 Sea levels will rise because higher temperatures will cause melting ice flow into the sea.描述，可知答：Because higher temperatures will cause melting ice flow into the sea. 54．根据最后一段 On November 26, people from around 200 nations and regions gathered again in Doha (多哈) for the annual UN climate talks.描述，可知答：In Doha. 55．这篇短文主要讲述的是气温升高对我们的生活及地球环境带来的一些问题。故有针对性的提出一条措 施即可，注意表达规范。意对，言之有理即可。 考点：关于气候变化问题的议论文阅读 点评：本题中个别小题不能直接从文中找到答案，需要自己根据相关内容分析总结。一定要弄懂全文后再 动手解答问题。书写答案时，注意首字母大写，因为是回答问句，即使只有一个单词也是一个句子。为避 免不必要的错误，只要能使用原文的就尽量使用原文回答问题，即使自己总结也尽量使用短句。同时并注 意人称和数的变化。 56．B 57．C 58．D 59．B 60．D 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了一些基础的防火知识。 56．根据 How dangerous it would be if there was a fire! 及表格内容，可知本文主要是讲述了一些防 火知识，故选 B。 57．根据第一条建议 If you smell smoke or see fire, shout out “Fire!” Shout as loudly as you can, because people may be asleep.描述，可知选 C。 58．根据第六条建议 Never use the lift during the fire. It may also go wrong.描述，可知选 D。 59．根据第四条建议 Test the door before you open it. If the door is cool, open it carefully. If the door is hot, do not open it! 描述，可知选 B。 60．根据第七条建议 Never go back into a burning building!描述，可知选 D。 考点：关于防火知识的说明文阅读 点评：本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就 能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。 61．B 62．E 63．C 64．A 65．D 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了过度使用手机收发短信对我们的伤害。 61．联系下文，如果你不，有一天你会收到伤害。可知选 B，每个使用手机的人都应该加小心。 62．联系上文，他有许多重复性力损伤病人。可知选 E，她说我们应该检查一些我们花费在发短信上的时间 有多少。 63．联系前文，手机变得越来越小，可知选 C，并且按键变得更加紧密。 64．联系前一句描述，可知选 A，因此使用大个的手机是个好主意。 65．这篇短文主要介绍了过度使用手机收发短信对我们的伤害。故选 D。 考点：补全短文 点评：此类文章重在把握上下文之间的逻辑关系，故动笔前一定要认真阅读短文，并理解各个选项所表达 的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，完成短文。完成后要多读几遍，看语义是否 通顺，适当修改。 66．C 67．A 68．D 69．B 70．B 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文通过介绍几种新科技，来告诉我们现在的科学技术发展速度很快，我们只有不断学习 才能赶上科学发展的脚步。 66．根据 Global positioning system (GPS) (全球定位系统)It’s a system that uses radio signals from satellites to show exact(精确地) information. It tells you where the user is on the earth in all weather conditions. 描述,可知选 C. 67．根据 They hope the ISS will provide a long-lasting lab.…… It’s even hoped that one day space technology will take humans to their new houses in space.描述,可知选 A. 68．根据 Hercules……It will be used to search for ancient ships which were destroyed into the deep sea during their journey long ago.描述，可知选 D。 69．根据最后一段 It’s important for us to learn about new technology and the role that it plays in our lives.描述，可知选 B。 70．这篇短文通过介绍几种新科技，来告诉我们现在的科学技术发展速度很快，我们只有不断学习才能赶 上科学发展的脚步，故选 B。 考点：科普类议论文阅读 点评：本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就 能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。 71．C 72．D 73．C 74．A 75．C 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文主要给我们讲述了视觉错误的问题，并谈到了这一现象的应用。 71．根据倒数第二段 However, sometimes our brains interpret the received information in a wrong way.描述，可知选 C。 72．根据最后一段 This makes us believe that the actors are much larger or smaller than they usually are. 描述，可知选 D。 73．通过阅读短文，可知这一问题主要是视觉错误造成的，第四段主要解释了什么是视觉错误，故选 C。 74．根据短文第四段 When we look at things, our eyes send messages to our brains and then our brains interpret（解读）the information. 描述，可知正确顺序是 A。 75．这篇短文主要给我们讲述了视觉错误的问题，并谈到了这一现象的应用。故可能来自一本科学类书籍， 故选 C，一本科学书。 考点：关于视觉错误的说明文阅读 点评：本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就 能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。 76．C 77．C 78．D 79．D 80．A 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了中国的用纸问题，告诉我们节约用纸的重要性。 76．根据第一段 During his stay in China , he saw many wonderful things .描述，可知选 C。 77．根据第三段 Every day , people throw away about 2800 tons (吨) of paper in our city .描述， 可知选 C。 78．根据短文倒数第二段描述，可知选项 D 不属于节约用纸的方法。 79．根据最后一段 But we should do it now , before it is too late .描述，可知选 D。 80．这篇短文主要介绍了关于节约用纸的问题。故选 A。 考点：关于用纸问题的说明文阅读 点评：本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就 能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。 81．A 82．A 83．B 84．B 85．B 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了骑自行车的一些好处。 81．根据 The bicycle is really an important means of transportation in China.可知本句描述正确。 82．根据 With the largest number of bike riders in the world, China is often called the kingdom of bicycles.可知本句描述正确。 83．根据 bicycles do not cause(导致) air or sound pollution; compared with cars, bicycles cause no environmental（环境）problems;可知本句描述错误。 84．根据 the bicycle make us go anywhere nearby easily;描述，可知本句描述错误。 85．根据 bikes are not very expensive, and almost every family can afford them;可知本句描述错 误。 考点：关于自行车的说明文阅读 点评：本文浅显易懂，各个小题都能在文中找到适当依据。只要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系，就能顺利 完成阅读。文章所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同。 86．A 87．D 88．B 89．A 90．C 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了马在多年来的进化情况。 86．根据第一段 They had four toes on each front foot. They had three toes on each back foot. 计算可知 4*2+3*2=14，选 A。 87．联系前一句 After a long time, horses had only one hard toe on each foot.描述及常识，可知这 个单词指的是马蹄，故选 D。 88．根据第二段 At first, it was very hot in the forest. 描述，可知选 B 89．根据第一段 The horses were no bigger than the cats.描述，可知那是马比猫不大，故选 A。 90．这篇短文主要介绍的马的体型及马蹄的变化，故选 C，多年以来马改变了很多。 考点：关于马的进化过程的说明文阅读 点评：本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就 能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。 91．A 92．C 93．D 94．C 95．B 【解析】 试题分析：本文讲述了漂亮彩虹的形成原因以及它们的颜色的顺序是怎样的。 91．根据“I wonder whether there is any girl or boy who does not like to see a rainbow in the sky. It is so beautiful.”可知，是因为彩虹漂亮，所以本题选 A。 92．根据“A rainbow is not a thing which we can feel with our hands as we can feel a flower.” 可知，我们不能用手摸到彩虹。所以本题选 C。 93．根据“We see a rainbow only when there is rain in the air and the sun is shining brightly through the clouds.”可知，本题应该选 D。 94．根据“Every rainbow has many colours in the same order.”可知只有 C 与题干不符。所以本题选 C。 95．根据“The first or the top colour is always red,”可知，第一中颜色是红色。所以本题选 B。 考点：本题考查科普环保类文章 点评：本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就 能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。注 意结合生活常识，进行解答。 96．C 97．C 98．D 99．D 100．A 【解析】 试题分析：这篇短文主要谈论了中学生使用手机的问题.文中详细分析了中学生使用手机的一些不好的现象, 并对此提出了具体的建议. 96．根据 Some middle schools in Australia have banned(禁止) students from carrying mobile phones during school hours.可知在澳大利亚学生在校期间,禁止携带手机.故选 C. 97．根据 Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts,送圣诞礼物的人主要有父母和 朋友,故选 C. 98．联系下文 during exams 可知是在考试中作弊,故选 D. 99．根据 Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with(与…联系) their children. 描述,可知选 D. 100．根据 Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school office 描述,可知选 A. 考点：关于中学生使用手机问题的议论文阅读 点评：本文难度较大，个别小题需要根据相关内容进行推理总结。首先要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系， 掌握短文大意，然后带着问题再读短文，找出相关段落，分析总结，判断出正确选项。文章所设试题主要 考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同。