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初中8年级英语教案:第8讲 状语从句
辅导教案 学员姓名: 学科教师: 年 级: 八年级 辅导科目:英语 授课日期 ××年××月××日 时 间 A / B / C / D / E / F段 主 题 状语从句 教学内容 (本次课的重点、难点以及达到怎样的情感目标) 1.掌握状语从句的基本概念及连接词; 2.掌握状语从句的时态选择尤其是主将从现的几种情况; 3.能在具体语境中灵活运用状语从句。 教学建议: 图片内容及文字旨在帮助学生在具体的语境中体会时间状语从句和原因状语从句所表达的意义。建议老师采取优先选择方式每个学生负责一副图片,对内容进行解释,由此导出状语从句。 Adverbial Clauses Adverbial Clauses 教学建议: 建议老师采取优先选择的方式,对时间、原因、让步、状语从句由学生先自学,再来讲解给大家。结果状语从句较难,建议老师进行重难点的点拨。老师在过程中对学生的讲解进行补充和完善,对重要的知识点做重点强调。 一、基本概念 状语从句指的是在主从复合句中作状语的从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句放在主句之前时,常用逗号分开;若放在主句之后,一般不用逗号。 二、基本分类 1.时间状语从句:When Susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma. 2.条件状语从句:If he works hard, he will surely succeed. 按意义和作用 3.结果状语从句:Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life. 4.目的状语从句:They worked hard in order that they might succeed. 5.原因状语从句:Mary didn't go shopping because I advised her not to. 6.让步状语从句:Though we are all different, we need never be separate. 7.比较状语从句:I was happier than I had ever been in my life. 8.地点状语从句:I will go where I am needed. 9.方式状语从句:I have changed it as you suggest. 三、用法详解 1. 时间状语从句 1) 引导词及常用时态: before, after, until/till, as soon as, when, while, as, since Before I make a decision, I will think carefully about it to prevent mistakes. We shall leave for Los Angeles after a short stay in my home town with grandparents. Don’t tell anyone else about the secret until you are permitted to do so. Streets in Brazil will be full of traffic during the World Cup till the end of the games. I will come to see you as soon as you arrive at the Pudong International Airport. The flights will be allowed to resume flying when the sky turns clear. ★当主句是祈使句或谓语动词是一般将来时态或情态动词时,其时间状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。这就是我们常说的“主将从现”。 练习: 1. Chen Guangbiao says he _______ all his money to charities when he dies. A. leaves B. left C. will leave D. would leave 2. You may easily lose your way in Shanghai _______ you don’t have a map or a guide. A. until B. unless C. though D. if 3. —Hey, Tony. You look tired today. —I _______ until 12 o’clock last night for the math test. A. woke up B. stayed up C. grew up D. got up 4. —Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? —Sure, I’ll give it to her _______ she arrives here. A. before B. until C. because D. as soon as 5. Scientists say it may be a few years _______ it is possible to test the new medicine on patients. A. because B. after C. before D. since 1. If there is any change to the plan, I _______ you as soon as possible. A. told B. have told C. tell D. will tell 2. Yesterday evening, I _______ along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher. A. walk B. walked C. was walking D. am walking 3. I ______ believe it _______ I see it with my own eyes. A. won’t; and B. will; but C. will; until D. won’t; until 4. —Ring me up _______ you come to my house, will you? —Sure, I will. A. though B. while C. before D. until 5. Don't worry. Your package _______ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept 6. _______ the 632-meter Shanghai Tower is finished, it will be the second tallest building in the world. A. When B. Since C. Before D. Unless 7. —I don’t know when _______ tomorrow? —I will call you as soon as he _______. A. will he come; arrives B. he will come; arrives C. he will come; will arrive D. will he come; will arrive 2) 辨析: when, while, as “当…” ①when: when 从句中的A事件, 相当于主句B事件发生的时间点。也就是说, when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态, 而只是把它作为一个时间点, 所以when 从句多用一般过去时, 主句时态依具体情况而定。 I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. ★重要考点: 过去进行时(主句) +when+ 一般过去时(从句) When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. Were you writing when the teacher came in? ②while: while 从句中的A事件强调动作正在发生的状态, 它的意思是:当从句A 事件正在发生的时候, 主句B事件…。所以 while 从句常用进行时, 而主句时态依具体情况而定。 You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. ★重要考点: while 表对比时,前后动词时态一致! While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. I was working out a plan to get us home while Andrew was taking a nap. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 ③as: “边……边……”;从句用一般过去时。 As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks. The students took notes as they listened. “随着……”, 从句只是用于陈述主句动作发生的背景或条件, 是一个次要的时间说明。 常用搭配: as time goes by/on As the time went on, the weather got worse. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. As years go by, more and more developing countries are getting stronger and richer. 练习: 1. — Mr. Lee _ to a student when I entered the classroom this morning. — He is very patient _ _he is young. A. talking; but B. talks; though C. was talking, though D. talked, however 2. The girl with two cats in the yard when the earthquake happened. A. was playing B. is playing C. are playing D. were playing 3. My father was preparing for his speech __ my mother was doing some washing last night. A. if B. while C. unless D. until 4. — What was your brother doing at this time yesterday? — He was reading a magazine ________ I was writing an e-mail at home. A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while 5. More money_______ when we use both sides of paper. A. was saved B. was being saved C. has saved D. will be saved 6. Sally took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games. A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing 7. The plane ______ when we got to the airport. A. had taken off B. was taken off C. will take off D. is taking off 8. Today’s young people can’t live without smart phones. They keep their hands on the phones wherever they go, even while they _______ meals. A had B. will have C. are having D. were having 3) since: “自从”, ★重要考点: 现在完成时 (主句) + since+ 一般过去时 (从句) Where have you been since I last saw you? I as well as several colleagues have been in Beijing since 2010. Mr. Green has made quite a few friends since three years ago. It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. →★It is +一段时间+ since+ 从句 (一般过去时) 练习: 1. My brother left school in 2005, and since then he ________ in Beijing. A. lives B. lived C. will live D. has lived 2. Great changes have taken place since we ______ E-Times. And the computer is widely used throughout the world. A. entered B. will enter C. have entered 1. My aunt is a writer. She ____ more than ten books since 1980. A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write 2. China has offered much help to Japan since it ______ by the earthquake and tsunami(海啸). A. hits B. is hit C. was hit D. will be hit 3. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? —Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. A. joined B. has taken part in C. has joined D. took part in 4. —How long has Robert ______? —Since 2004. A. been to Beijing B. become a policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school 4) 时态与句型 时态 连词 主将从现 现在完成时 进行时 2. 条件状语从句 1) 引导词 if (如果), as long as (只要), unless (除非) = if not We’ll go as long as the weather is good. You’ll fail in French unless you work harder. We’ll go out for a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 常与ask, know, find out, wonder, not sure连用 Do you know if he’s married? 练习: 1. You will achieve nothing ________ you work hard. A. if B. unless C. when D. that 2. You'd better take the map with you ________ you won't get lost. A. as long as B. as soon as C. now that D. so that 3. If it ________ this Saturday, we ________ for a picnic. A. won’t rain; shall go B. doesn’t rain; will go C. isn’t rain; go D. doesn’t rain; go 1. You have to stay behind if your homework ________ before five o'clock. A. isn't done B. won't be done C. doesn't do D. wasn't done 2. —Do you like sports? —Yes, I do some running in the park everyday _______ the weather is terrible. A. if B. after C. unless D. while 3. We can easily become unhappy ________ we work out our problems in our daily life. A. after B. if C. until D. unless 4. I want to know ________ he will be the volunteer in the 2011 World University Games (世界大学生运动会) in Shenzhen. A. where B. who C. if D. which 5. ---Look, what have they done? ---Sorry. I think if I ________ another chance, I’ll do it better. A. give B. will be given C. will give D. am given 6. ________ you don’t give up, your dreams will come true. A. As long as B. As soon as C. As well as D. As far as 7. Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you ________ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked 8. —Do you know if he________ to play football with us? —I think he will come if he _________ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 9. If it _______ fine tomorrow, I will go hiking with you. A. is B. was C. will be D. being 3. 结果状语从句 so …that / such…that如此…以至于… 1) 引导词 so+ ________ + that such+ ________ + that 2) 用法辨析 It’s so cold outside that nobody will go out to play. He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor. It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. He suffered such rare illness that we had to send for a doctor. 注意:当名词为单数可数名词时,so…that…与such…that…句型可互换。 She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much. such+冠词; =She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much. so+形容词。 练习: 1. It was _________ music that I lost myself in it. A. such a beautiful B. so beautiful a C. so beautiful D. such beautiful 2. Tom was so careless that he _____ his right arm when he was riding to school. A. hurts B. hurt C. has hurt D. had hurt 3. The girl is ____ a nice girl ____ we all want to help her. A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. very; that 4. The astronaut is so tired that he ______ for eleven hours. A. has been asleep B. has fallen asleep C. has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep 5. The workers work ____hard _____they don’t have a day off even on the weekend. A. too, that B. such, that C. so, that D. as, that 6. It was ______ lovely weather ______ we decided to spend the day on the beach. A. such a; that B. such; that C. such; as D. so; that 3) 经典句型转换 He was too young to go to school. = He wasn’t old enough to go to school. = He was so young that he couldn’t go to school. ★too…to= not enough to do sth. = so…that not The box is so heavy that he can’t carry it. =The box is too heavy for him to carry The problem is too difficult to work out. = The problem isn’t easy enough for me to work out. 练习: 1. Curing sick people is______ important _______doctors must be careful. A. too, to B. so, that C. enough, to D. such, that 2. The project is so difficult that she can’t finish it within 3 days. __________________________________________________; __________________________________________________ 3. She was too weak to take care of her baby. __________________________________________________; __________________________________________________ 4. 原因状语从句 1) 引导词 because, as, since (既然), now that(既然) --Why didn’t you go to school yesterday? --I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 2) 用法辨析 because+ 从句; because of+ 名词/名词词性短语 He can’t come because he is ill. I said nothing about it because his wife was there. He can’t come because of his illness. 水火不容两兄弟 I said nothing about it because of his wife’s presence there. 注意: because不能与so连用!! 正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home. 误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 练习: 1. He had to retire(退休) early ______ poor health. A. as a result B. because C. so D. because of 2. —Did you give Dick a call? —I didn’t need to ______ I’ll see him soon. A. when B. though C. if D. because 3. We can talk with friends on the Internet _______ it’s easier and cheaper. A. though B. as C. or D. but 4. Because I got up very late this morning, ______ I was late for class. A. but B. / C. so D. though 5. —What shall we do now? —_______it’s raining hard, let’s stay at home. A. So B. Since C. Though D. If 6. —Why didn’t Betty come to school yesterday? —_________ she was ill. A. But B. Because of C. If D. Because 7. Take the exam carefully, _____ you won’t get full marks. A. but B. and C. or D. so 5. 让步状语从句 though/ although(虽然), even if/though (即使, 纵然) 1) 引导词 I'll try to come, though I doubt if I'll be there on time. Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. Although he was twice as old as us, he became the life and soul of the company. We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 水火不容两兄弟 2) 注意: although(though)不能与but用在同一个句子中, 但是他们都可以同yet, still连用. Although/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 练习: 1. ________ they have some opposite view, they all think Chinese medicine is helpful. A. Until B. Although C. Since D. Because 2. The workers have decided to finish the task on time, ________ it means they would have no weekends those two months. A. after all B. even though C. as if D. if only 3. ________ Switzerland is very small, ________ it is the land of watch and it is very rich. A. Though; but B. Because; so C. Because; / D. Though; / 4. My father spends much money on books, ________ he’s not rich. A. but B. because C. even though D. as long as 5. One important aim of our school is to prepare us for the future________ we can face all the challenges with confidence. A. so far B. so that C. even if D. if only 1. —What do you think of her dress? —I think it still looks quite fashionable on her________ it is a style of many years ago. A. though B. or C. so D. because 教学建议: 1. 规定学生必须在12分钟内完成; 2. 相互交换批改,表扬正确率最高的学生; 3. 做对的学生给做错的学生讲题; 4. 让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。 I. Choose the best answer. 1. Mrs. Gaines ________ in that housing estate since she came back to Shanghai in 2005. A. is living B. had lived C. would live D. has lived 2. You’ll never succeed ________ you don’t work hard. A. if B. until C. unless D. when 3. ________ Jeremy broke his leg last year, he performed very well on the basketball court in the new season. A. When B. Because C. Although D. If 4. Jenny will stay with a Canadian family when she ________ for a further study next year. A. goes B. go C. will go D. has gone 5. Joan says she won’t buy a car ________ she passes the driving test. A. unless B. because C. since D. if 6. ________ he exercises every day, ________ he is very healthy. A. Because; so B. Because; through C. Because; / D. Though; / 7. The kids are taught to stay calm and go out of the building one by one ________ there is a fire. A. until B. because C. if D. although 8. You will be out of date ________ you keep on studying from time to time. A. if B) unless C. because D. or 9. Stand over there, ______ you will get a better view of the whole city. A. or B. and C. but D. though 10. When the Spring Festival ______, many people will spend their holiday abroad. A. came B. will come C. would come D. comes 11. The students ________ basketball when I saw them in the playground. A. played B. was playing C. play D. were playing 1. He didn’t go to school yesterday _______ he was ill. A. because B. because of C. if D. so 2. – Look! Here comes the school bus. No hurry. Don’t get on it ________ it has stopped. A. until B. after C. since D. when 3. --- What is our head teacher like, do you know? --- Oh, he is very kind _____ he looks very serious. A. because B. though C. if D. when 4. Please tell Joan this good news as soon as she ________ back. A. comes B. will come C. came D. has come 5. We must do something to protect the earth, ________ we will lose our home. A. and B. or C. so D. but 6. It’ll be a great honor if I ________ to the charity evening party next week. A. invite B. will invite C. will be invited D. am invited 7. ________ they are very tired, they feel happy because they’ve finally finished their project. A. So B. Although C. If D. But II.按要求改写句子 1. The boy is so clever that he can work out the problem himself. (保持原句意思) The boy is clever ________ ________ work out the problem himself. 2. A boy often can’t possibly lift such a heavy suitcase。(保持原句意思) ________ is impossible __________ a boy to lift such a heavy suitcase, 3. The mountain was too steep(陡峭)for children to reach the top.(保持原句意思) The mountain was_________ steep that children_________ reach the top. 4. If you don’t improve your handwriting, you’ll lose marks in the exam. (保持原句意思) ________ you ________ your handwriting, you’ll lose marks in the exam. 5. If you practise playing the piano regularly, you will improve your ability. (保持句意基本不变) You will _________ improve your ability _________ you practise playing the piano regularly. (以学生自我总结为主,TR引导为辅,为本次课做一个总结回顾) 1. 时间状语从句 当主句是祈使句或谓语动词是一般将来时态或情态动词时,其时间状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。这就是我们常说的“主将从现”。 2. 条件状语从句 if (如果), as long as (只要), unless (除非) = if not 3. 结果状语从句 当名词为单数可数名词时,so…that…与such…that…句型可互换。too…to= not enough to do sth. = so…that not 4.原因状语从句:because不能与so连用!! 5. 让步状语从句: although(though)不能与but用在同一个句子中, 但是他们都可以同yet, still连用. 学建议: 1. 包含预习下次课单词与短语和复习本次课内容两部分; 2. 规定学生在15分钟内完成; 3. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记; 4.下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生; 5.让作对的学生给做错的学生讲题,老师进行补充; 6.老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。 【巩固练习】 I. Choose the best answer. 1.The child was immediately after supper. A. enough tired to go to bed B. too tired to go to bed C. so tired that he went to bed D. very tired, he went to bed 2. born in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories about New York. A. Since B. Once C. When D. Although 3. we stood at the top of the building, the people below were hardly visible. A. As B. Although C. Unless D. In spite of 4. Although he is considered a great writer, A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read C. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read 5. the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 6. —What was the party like? —Wonderful. It' s years I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. when C. before D. since 4. It was not she took off her dark glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then 8.He will come to call on you the moment he his painting. A. will finish B. finished C. has finished D. had finished 9. It was that she couldn’t finish it by herself. A. so difficult a work B. such a difficult work C. so difficult work D. such difficult work 10.The little boy ate a big meal he said he wasn't hungry. A. if B. though C. because D. as 11.I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other ________I left London. A. as B. before C. since D. till 12.We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming 13.The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. don’t; when C. not to; until D. not; after 14.I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because 15._______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if 16.Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. got 17.If farmers trees and forests, giant pandas nowhere to live. A. cut down; have B. will cut down; will have C. will cut don; have D. cut down; will have 18.Henry will give us a report as soon as he_ . A. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive 19.Linda was just going out for shopping______ the telephone rang. A, while B. when C. after D. because 20. _____ still half drunk, he made his way home. A. When B. Because C. Though D. As II. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage. (2013虹口一模) This is a true story which happened in England. An old man, who had no children, felt ___1___ and decided to live in the Senior Center(养老院)when he turned ___2___. After he announced that he would sell his luxurious(豪华)house, hundreds of people who wanted to buy it came to him. At first, the old man considered accepting someone who might ____3____80,000 pounds for the house, but soon the price rose to 100,000 pounds and still went higher. ___4___, the old man looked sad and unhappy. Actually, if he was well, he would not sell the house, which had accompanied him for more than half of his life. One day, a young man visited the old man. He bent down a little and said ____5___ , “Grandpa, I also want to own this house, but I only have 10,000 pounds. Yet if you sell it to me, I ___6___ you can still live here and be happy with me. We will drink tea, read newspapers, and take a walk every day together. Please believe in me, and I’ll try my best to take good care of you. The old man smiled and nodded. He sold the house to the young man at a price of 10,000 pounds. Sometimes, what really counts (有价值,重要)is love for others. ( ) 1. A) relaxed B) worried C) proud D) lonely ( ) 2. A) richer and richer B) sadder and sadder C) weaker and weaker D) more and more disappointed ( ) 3. A) offer B) order C) buy D) reuse ( ) 4. A) However B) What’s more C) After all D) By the way ( ) 5. A) carefully B) quietly C) honestly D) happily ( ) 6. A) predict B) promise C) require D) warn Keys: DCAACB III. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the proper words. (2013虹口一模) Nike, Adidas, Converse…, do you know these world-famous brands(商标)? What do you think of them? Do you use their products? Sam: I’m a Nike fan. Many of Nike’s a____1____ on TV are fun and its products are great! Joe: In my eyes, top brand means top quality. So I love top brand products a___2____ they’re very expensive. Sally: The logos of famous brands are usually unique(独一无二的) and nice. It’s c___3___to own products with those logos. Jackie: Many top brand products are advertised by spokesmen. Spokesmen are my favourite stars. I love the stars, so of course I want to use the products they speak f___4___. Susan: I know it’s popular for young people to have famous brand products nowadays. But I have no i____5___ in following the fashion. I only choose the products that suit(适合) me. Adam: As students, we don’t earn money ourselves. It’s not easy for our parents to support us. So I use whatever they choose for me now. When I grow up and become financially i___6____, I may buy the famous brand products I am fond of. Bob: I like playing basketball with my classmates. When we play on the playground, we don’t care about what you wear as long as (只要) you can play w____7____. So in my opinion, there is no need to care so much about the brands of what you wear. Keys: 1. advertisements 2. although 3. cool 4. for 5.interest 6. independent 7.well 【预习思考】 复习U8的词汇及短语,下次课默写。查看更多