2020-2021学年人教版初二英语上册 第九单元语法单词

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2020-2021学年人教版初二英语上册 第九单元语法单词

‎2020-2021学年人教版初二英语上册 第九单元语法单词 ‎ 语法 情态动词 情态动词can表示邀请 除了表示能力、许可或推测之外,还可以表示邀请;could较can更礼貌、委婉。情态动词can表示邀请时的用法如下:‎ ‎1. 当用情态动词can发出邀请时,要用一般疑问句的形式,其句式为:‎ Can+主语+动词原形+其他?‎ Can you come to the concert?‎ 你能来参加音乐会吗?‎ ‎2. 当情态动词can发出邀请时,其回答分为两类。一类表示接受邀请,另一类表示拒绝邀请。‎ ‎(1)常见的表示接受邀请的回答:‎ Sure, I'd love to.当然,我很乐意。‎ Yes, I'd love to.是的,我很乐意。‎ Of course.当然。‎ Sure, I think he/she/they will. 当然,我想他/她/他们会的。‎ ‎(2)常见的表示拒绝邀请的回答:‎ Sorry. I am not available.对不起,我没空。‎ I'm sorry. I am not free this weekend. I have to look after my sister.‎ 对不起,这个周末我没空。我不得不照看我的妹妹。‎ I'd love to, but I'm afraid I can't. I have to prepare for a test.‎ 我很乐意去,但是恐怕不能。我不得不为考试做准备。‎ 情态动词can和could表示邀请和建议 情态动词can和could除了表示能力、请求或许可之外,还可以表示邀请和建议;could比can更礼貌、委婉。情态动词can和could表示邀请时的用法如下:‎ ‎(1)当用情态动词can和could发出邀请时,要用其一般疑问句形式,其句式为:‎ Can/Could+主语+动词原形+其他?‎ Can/Could you come to the concert?  你能来参加音乐会吗?‎ 当用情态动词can和could发出邀请时,其回答分为两类。一类表示接受邀请,另一类表示拒绝邀请。‎ ‎①常见的表示接受邀请的回答:‎ Sure, I’d love to.  当然,我很乐意。‎ Yes, I’d love to.  是的,我很乐意。‎ Sure, I think he/she/they will.  当然,我想他/她/他们会的。‎ ‎②常见的表示拒绝邀请的回答:‎ Sorry, I’m not available.  对不起,我没有空。‎ I’m sorry. I’m not free. I have to...  对不起,我没有空。我不得不……。‎ I’d love to, but I’m afraid I can’t. I have to... 我很乐意去,但是恐怕不能。我不得不……。‎ ‎(2)情态动词can和could也可以提出建议。例如:‎ We can eat in a restaurant if you like.  如果你愿意,我们可以一起去餐馆吃饭。‎ You can take the car if necessary.  如果有必要的话,你可以乘汽车去。‎ ‎-What shall we do tomorrow?  -明天我们做什么呀?‎ ‎-Well, we could go fishing.  -嗯,我们可以去钓鱼。‎ 情态动词might表推测 might表示没有太多把握的推测,是语气较弱的推测,比may更弱。意为“或许、可能”。‎ 例如:‎ He might get there in time, but I can't be sure.‎ 他有可能准时到达,但我不敢肯定。‎ I know Vicky doesn't like the job, but I mightn't find it too bad. ‎ 我知道Vicky不喜欢这工作,但我也许并不觉得它很差。‎ 情态动词may和might may和might意为“可能,也许”,经常用来推测不太有把握的事情,may表示的“可能性”比might相对要大一些,might可用于表示委婉语气。它们后面应跟动词原形。‎ 例如:He may be a good father but he's a terrible husband. ‎ 他或许是一位好父亲,但却是个很糟糕的丈夫。‎ They may not be there today.‎ 他们今天可能不在那里。‎ You might have a cold. ‎ 你可能感冒了。‎ ‎ ‎ 比较:‎ Jim may lend you the money. (可能性较大)‎ Jim might lend you the money. (可能性较小)‎ 情态动词must与have to ‎1. must与have to的肯定用法 两词都是“必须”的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,即主观上的必要。have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。‎ 例如:‎ My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor at midnight.‎ 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)‎ He said that he must work hard.‎ 他说他必须努力工作。(主观上想要做这件事)‎ ‎2. must与have to的否定用法 must的否定式是在其后直接加not,并常缩写成mustn't的形式,表示 “禁止”。而have to的否定方式,则用 don't / doesn't / didn't have to的形式,表示“不必”。‎ 例如:‎ You mustn't make any noise in class.‎ 上课时你们不许吵闹。‎ You don't have to water the flowers, for it is going to rain.‎ 你们不必浇花了,因为要下雨了。‎ He doesn't have to go to school today.‎ 他今天不必上学了。‎ till / until/“not…until引导的时间状语从句 till / until在表达方式和意义上的特殊性:until是till的强调形式,但是它们表达的意义是相同的,都表示“直到某时”。不过,在否定句中,它引出的意思是“直到(某时)(某动作)才(发生)”,这时候常会出现“not…until/till…”的结构。例如:‎ They didn't notice their mistakes till we pointed them out to them.‎ 直到我们指出了他们的错误,他们才意识到。‎ 但是,在肯定句中,它引出的意思是“直到(某时某动作停止了)”。例如:‎ The students made much noise till the teacher came into the classroom.‎ 直到老师走进教室学生们才停止了大声喧哗。‎ 另外,until可以放在句首而till则不行。我们只能说:‎ Until they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy.‎ 在他们花光他们所有的钱之前,这对年轻夫妇都很开心。‎ 这两个词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”,动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”,动词常为非延续性动词。‎ 肯定句:‎ 如:I slept until midnight. ‎ 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。‎ 否定句:‎ 如:She didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock.‎ 她直到12点才去睡觉。‎ Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.‎ 公共汽车停稳后再下车。‎ 动词不定式作目的状语 主要修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以用in order to或so as to,意为“为了”。‎ 如:To make enough money to support his poor family, the young man works hard day and night.‎ 为了挣足够的钱来支撑他的贫困家庭,这个年轻人日夜辛勤工作。‎ To pass the exam, he worked hard at his lessons. ‎ ‎=In order to pass the exam, he worked hard at his lessons.‎ 为了能通过考试,他刻苦读书。‎ He ran quickly (so as) to catch the last bus.‎ 他跑得很快,以便赶上末班车。‎ so that目的状语从句 从句表示主句行为的目的,常用的连词有:so that(以便),in order that(为了;以便)。从句谓语一般含有may, might, can, could, will, would等表示可能性的情态动词。‎ 例:Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear you.‎ 请说得大声一点,这样每个人都能听到。‎ 注意: 在口语中so可以引导目的状语从句。‎ 例:We'll sit in the front so we can hear better. ‎ 我们靠前坐,这样能听得清楚一些。‎ 引导目的状语从句时so that与in order that用法相同,不过so that引导的目的状语从句不能置于句首。‎ 单词 catch/catch up with/catch a cold ‎1. catch v. (caught, caught) 抓住;捕获;困住;接住 You can't catch me! I'm running fast.‎ 你抓不到我,我跑得快。‎ A rabbit was caught in the bush.‎ 一只兔子被困在了灌木丛里。‎ I jumped up to catch a ball and fell over.‎ 我跳起来接球,结果摔倒了。‎ ‎2. catch v.  搭上;赶上 (车、飞机等)‎ We have plenty of time for Anthony to catch the ferry.‎ 我们有足够的时间等Anthony搭上渡船。‎ ‎3. catch v. 患上(传染病),感染上……‎ The more stress you are under, the more likely you are to catch a cold.  ‎ 压力越大,越有可能患感冒。‎ ‎4.catch v.  听清楚;领会 Sorry, I didn't quite catch what you said.‎ 对不起,我没听清楚你的话。‎ ‎5. 常用短语:catch sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 catch a cold 患感冒   catch hold of 抓住(同take hold of)‎ catch up (with) 赶上;跟上    catch sb's eye 引起某人的注意 be/get caught in 处于困境 look forward to (doing) sth.‎ look forward to 意为“期待;盼望”,其中to为介词,其后可跟名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。‎ I'm really looking forward to our vacation.‎ 我热切期待着我们的假期。‎ My mother says she's looking forward to meeting you.‎ 我母亲说她盼望着与你见面。‎ prepare/prepare for/preparation ‎1. prepare vt. 准备(食物、物品)‎ prepare sth. (for sb./sth.)  (为某人/某物)准备……‎ My parents will prepare plenty of food and drinks for us.‎ 我的父母会为我们准备很多食物和饮品。‎ ‎2. prepare vt./vi.筹备,(为……)做准备 prepare for...(为……)做准备 The whole class is working hard preparing for the exams.‎ 全班同学都在努力用功准备考试。‎ prepare to do sth.准备做某事 Her parents were busy preparing to go on holiday.‎ 她的父母正忙于准备度假。‎ prepare sb. for sth.使某人为某事做准备 We must prepare him for the bad news.‎ 我们必须让他为这个坏消息做好准备。‎ ‎3. preparation n.‎ ‎(单数,不可数名词)预备,准备 ‎(do sth.) in preparation for sth.为准备某事而做某事 He practises every day, in preparation for the ice-skating championship.‎ 他每天都在为备战滑冰锦标赛而操练。‎ preparations (复数)准备工作,筹备工作 make preparations/preparation for...为……做准备/准备工作 Preparations are being made for the President's visit.‎ 为迎接总统来访的准备工作正在进行中。‎ surprised/surprise/surprising ‎1. surprise n. 意想不到的事;惊讶 What a surprise to find you here.‎ 真想不到在这里碰到你。‎ give sb. a surprise 让某人吃惊 She wanted to give him a surprise.‎ 她想给他一个惊喜。‎ in surprise 惊讶地,常用于动词之后作状语。‎ Bill looked at him in surprise.‎ Bill惊讶地看着他。‎ to one's surprise 令人惊讶的是 To our surprise, the boy won the prize.‎ 令我们惊讶的是,这个男孩赢得了奖项。‎ ‎2.  surprise v. 使惊奇;使感到意外 His strange question surprised her.‎ 他那奇怪的问题使她感到意外。‎ ‎3. surprised adj. (感到) 吃惊的;惊奇的 be surprised at... 对……感到吃惊 We were greatly surprised at the news.‎ 我们听到这个消息后大感意外。‎ be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到很惊讶 I bet she will be really surprised to see me.‎ 我打赌她看到我会感到意外。‎ ‎4. surprising adj. 令人惊奇的;使人吃惊的;出人意料的 She told me a surprising thing.‎ 她告诉我一件令人吃惊的事。‎ invite/invitation ‎1.invite v. 邀请 invite sb. to/for sth.‎ I invited him to dinner.‎ 我邀请他来吃晚餐。‎ Why don't you invite her for a drink at the club one evening?‎ 何不找个晚上请她到俱乐部去喝一杯?‎ invite sb. to do sth.‎ Gail invited me to stay with her while her parents were out of town.‎ Gail邀请我在她父母出城时住在她家。‎ ‎2. invitation n. (书面或口头)邀请;请柬;受邀 an invitation to do sth./to sth.‎ He received an invitation to speak at the meeting.‎ 他收到了在会议上发言的邀请。‎ Roger never turns down an invitation to dinner.‎ 有人请吃饭,Roger从不拒绝。‎ They were always dropping by, usually without invitation.‎ 他们常常来串门,通常不请自来。‎
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