语言学论文最终版
分类号论文选题类型UDC编号本科毕业论文（设计）学校专业年级学生姓名学号指导教师中南财经政法大学题目：会计学2013级1308010442向波阳吴星蓉二O一六年六月\nComparativeAnalysisofSino-AmericanNetworkNewWordsContentsAbstractinEnglish1LLiteratureReview2LIStudiesoflinguisticmorphology21.2StudiesofHistoricallinguistics23.ComparativeanalysisofSino-Americannetworknewwords34.Conclusion5Bibliography6\nAbstractNowadaysoursocietyhasenteredainformationepochdominatedbytheinternework•ThewideapplicationoftheInternetpromotestheemergingofthenewinternetwords.PeopleoftencommunicatewithothersbyusingnewInternetwordsnotonlyfashionablyinChinabutinAmerica.Thenetworklanguageexpressesandconveysnetizens"emotion,posture,andintonation,whichmeetstheneedsofcommunicationandreflectstheintimaterelationshipbetweenlanguageandsocialunderstandingandcommunication.Networknewwordscanbecalled"Aparticularsocialdialectic
byHaiyanLiu)•Suchwordsas冏arecommonamongtheonlinechatsinChina,andalsowordslikeBurnnnnnnhaveahighfrequencyofoccurrenceinAmerica•Theyhaveverydifferentspellingandpronunciationandform.But,manysimilaritiesofthosenetworknewwordsstillcanbefound.DifferentsocialandculturalenvironmentleadstothedifferencebetweenChineseandAmericanundertheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticsandsociolinguistics.Thesenewwordsarecreatedprobablyoutofdesirefornoveltyorneedsoflanguagecontactoroutofsomeothercauses.Butthispapermainlyfocusesontheformationandsimilarityofthosenewwords.ThispaperanalyzeshowtogetnewwordsviatakingaroundrecentyearstheChineseandAmericaninternetnewwordsasanexampleundertheperspectiveofthecomparativelinguisticsusingsomeclassictheoryoftheLinguisticmorphologicalanddiachronicperspective.Thewholethesisisdividedintofourparts,thefirstpartistheEnglishabstract,andthesecondpartisliteraturereview.ThethirdpartisthecomparativeanalysisofChineseandAmericannetworknewwords,andthefourthpartisthesummary,thesignificanceoftheresearch.Keywords:morphologydiachroniclinguisticslanguagechangecomparativelinguisticsChineseandAmericannetworklanguage\n1・LiteratureReview1>1StudiesoflinguisticmorphologyMorphologyisabranchofbiologydealingwiththestudyoftheformandstructureoforganismsandtheirspecificstructuralfeatures.Morphemes,recall,arerelationshipsofformandmeaning,sotherearethreesensesinwhichamorphememaybenew,andsobethebasisofanewword:thenewmorphememayhave(a)newmeaninginnewform,(b)newmeaninginoldform,or(c)oldmeaninginnewform.Animportantaspectofthegeneralcharacteristicsoflanguageknownascreativityisopenness,whichconcernsthefactthatalllanguagescontinuallygetnewmorphemes,andhaveavarietyofwaystodothis.Newideas,newtools,andproducts,anduniqueeventsoccurallthetime,andalllanguagescopereadilyandrichlywiththisnoveltybyhavingseveralwaysofcreatingnewmorphemesandnewwordstoexpressthem.OfsixwaysinEnglishtogetnewwordsbyuseofnewforms,fouryieldnewformsforoldmeaning:a)clipping,b)Acronyming,c)blending,d)wrongcuttingandintwo,newmeaningsaregivennewforms:a)invention,b)borrowingandtherealsoaresevenmeansofnewwordformationinwhichnewmeaningsaregivenoldorestablishedforms:a)derivation,b)Zero-derivation,c)Compounding,d)Extensione)Narrowing,f)Bifurcation,g)Backformation.1.2StudiesofHistoricallinguisticsHistoricallinguistics,alsocalleddiachroniclinguistics,isthescientificstudyoflanguagechangeovertime.Principalconcernsofhistoricallinguisticsinclude:todescribeandaccountforobservedchangesinparticularlanguages.Theyhaveputforwardthreeimportantcharacteristicsofconstancy,pervasiveness,andsystematicness,wheresystematicsuggeststhatitisunlikelytobeharmfulandconstancyandpervasivenesssuggestthatlanguagechangeisnecessary,andperhapsevenuseful.Besides,anumberofcausesoflanguagechangehavebeenadvancedandrecognized,includingsomewhicharecontroversial,buteightoftheleastcontroversialarethese:a)Easeofarticulation,b)Redundancyreduction,c)Expressionofnewmeanings,d)Metanalysis,e)Desirefornovelty,f)Obsolescenceofmeanings,g)Regulationorruleextension,h)Languagecontact.Aboveclassiclinguistictheorycanexplainhowandwhythosenewwordsformandchange.Basedonthem,thispapercomparestheChineseandAmericanemergingnetworklanguage\n2.ComparativeanalysisofSino-AmericannetworknewwordsTheformationofnetworknewwordsisgenerallyinfluencedbythesocialandlinguisticfactors.Theformerisreferstothesociallifeintheemergenceofavarietyofnewthings,newsituation,newpractices,newconcepts,andsoon.Thesephenomenacreatetheconditionsfortheemergenceofnewwords.Inaddition,theemergenceofnetworknewwordsalsowiththedevelopmentandchangeofthelanguageitselfabout,suchashomophonic,ellipsis,oldwordmeaningofthemethodformedalargenumberofnetworknewwords.Manystudiesareresearchingonthefactorsoflanguagechanging,butthefollowingistoanalyzethemorphology，comparingthenetworknewwordsbetweeninchinaandAmerica.First,bothChineseandAmericannetizensliketouseEmoticonsandemoji.EmoticonsandemojicalledinChina“颜文字"arewidelypopularandsoonspreadthroughtheInternetworld.Theyaresortofemotionalsymbolswhichcanvividlyexpressnetizens"emotions.Suchas:nzzzzn(indicatessleep),pH(saidtongue,pullaface),^(loveyou).Emoticonsarekindofspecialtypeoflanguage,likeChinesehieroglyphs,buttheyaremadeoflinesandsomesymbols.Theydirectlydrawuppeople'sfacialexpressionsandposture,cleverlyavoidingthedirectlanguageconflic匚Second,usingaskillofhomonymtocreatenewwordsiscommoninChinaandAmerica.HomophoniccoinagewiththeChinesecharacters,pinyin,EnglishlettersorArabicnumeralsandtheirvoiceinsteadofthesameorsimilartermarisingfromtheoriginalnnewwords'1.HomonymisusedinChinamorefrequentlythaninAmerica.1)NumberofhomophonicwordsinChinaistouseArabicnumeralstoindicatesomesortofhomonymoftheChinesemeaning.Suchas“5131420”whichmeansIloveyouwholelifeisHanyuPinyinthatisadigitaleuphony.SimilarlyinAmerica,someArabicnumeralsandEnglishpronunciationsarethehomonym,forexample,419said“foronenight”.2)Besides,ChinesehomophonicwordsaretouseChinesecharactersinChinesehavebeenimitatingthesoundorChinesetransliterationofforeignwordshomophoniccoinage.Forexample,Theformer,suchas:JiangZi(like);newwordslikejiangzi(zheyangzi)conveysthepronunciationofdialectswhichispopularinmodernChineseinternetworld.Americansalsoliketousethenewformsofwordswiththesimilarpronunciationsoftheoriginalwords.Forexample,A:""WhaleyoubemyValentine?'1B:"Dolphinately."\nAsforthelatterinChina,homophonicletterwordisselectedwordsinEnglishletterstohomophonicmanneronbehalfofthewordmeaning.Suchas:CU(Seeyougood-bye),IC(IseeIunderstand),rufree(Areyoufree?Youbefree?).ItisveryusualinAmericaoutofsimplification.1)hybridhomophonicwordsthatfromChinesecharacters,pinyin,EnglishandArabicmixedcomposition,someofwhichsoundcharacterreaders,andsomereadinganditissimilartotheharmonics.Suchas:TrueeHeart(ZhenExin),cu2(seeyoutoo),8wrong8mistakes(badbad),ShuaiG(handsomeguy),etc.ItisnotthatpopularinAmerica,however,therestillaresomeexpressions,suchasU2whichissaid“youtoo"and2L8equalto“Toolate.ThereasonwhythephenomenonappearsisthattheChinesepronunciationofArabicnumeralsisone-syllable.Third,borrowingwordsrefertotwokindsoflanguagecontact,theonelanguagefromanotherlanguagesystem,theintroductionofnewconcepts,terms,orthephenomenonofdirectuseofforeignwords.TheintroductionofthenetworkofChinesewordsused,thefollowingfourways:1)Transliterationofthewordisfullycarriedoutaccordingtotheoriginalpronunciationofthewordtransliterationofforeignwords.Suchas:hacker(hacker),show(show),shampoo(shampoo),cool(cool),clone(clone),TOEFL(TOFEL),vitamins(Vitamin)andsoon.2)WordtranslationofChinesematerialsistousethewordaccordingtotheoriginalmeaningoftheexpressionofre-processedtocreateoutofforeignwords.Suchas:copy(copy),thegenerationgap(generation),theclub(club),cowboy(cowboy),loser(loser)andsoon.3)Atransliterationandtranslation-basedtransliterationofthewordishalfandhalftranslation.Suchas:Internet(intenet),Bowling(bowlling),miniskirts(miniskirt),Cambridge(Cambridge)andsoon.4)Shapedbythetermreferstoborrowforeignwordswrittenintheformoftheoriginalword.Suchas:yahoo(Yahoo),download(todownload),cyberspace(virtualspace),chatroom(chatrooms)andsoon.NetworkalsohastoborrowthelanguageofforeignwordsinJapanese,suchas:economy,senior,Storyandsoon.BorrowingisanimportantwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.Forexample,"nozuonodig"youcanyouup^，"tuhao"and“rougamo”arefromChinese.(seefortheurbandictionary)Four,innovationandnetworkinginnovationtermisagenericterm,includingthenewlycreatedwordsandoldwordsnewmeanings.BorrowedChineseparodyofthatgeneration,metaphor,onomatopoeiaandotherrhetoricalmeans,orthecreationofnewwords,orold\nwordsnewmeanings.1)DistressedmadetocreateanewwordtoreplacethenewlyadoptedstandardsthatalreadyexistinthevocabularyofChineselanguageintheindividualmorphemeconstitutesanewword.Suchas:”校草nimitates”校花”，"床咚”imitates”壁咚”andsoon.ItiskindoflikethederivationtocreatenewEnglishwords.2)Besides,anentirelydifferentnewwordsmadenosuchstandardmodernChinesewords,isthenetizenstodemonstratethecreationboldpersonalitypsychology.Suchas:n霉女"(looksuglywoman),”网虫"(Internetusers),etc.Fifth,OldWordsandNewMeaningsrefertothoseinherentinthewordsofChineseontheInternethavebeengivenanewmeaningintothewordsnetworkinnovation.Suchas:"恐龙"(thatuglywoman),"大妈^(Pejorativeword).Languagechangeswithsocialdevelopment.ManyEnglishwordsmeaningsalsochange.Forinstance,thewordTit=itsoriginalmeaningis"havingdrunktoomuchalcohol,butnowitsmeaningis"modifysomethingawesomeandenjoyoneselfheartily^.Oldwordsderivenewmeaningsatthedifferenterabackground.Sixth,abbreviatedcoinagethatpeoplefollowtheprincipleofefficiencyon-linecommunication,andstrivetoquicklyandeasily,usingwordscansave,thentheprovinces.Includethefollowingtypes:Foronehand,ChinesephoneticalphabetAbbreviationsistousethewordsintheChinesephoneticalphabetofeachwordtogethertoformacronyms.Suchas:GG(brother),JJ(sister),MM(crush),DD(brother),TMD(fuck),TNND(hisgrandmother),etc.ThewaytoformnewwordsispopularandenduringinAmericaaswell.Suchwordsas:smhwhichmeaningshakemyhead,androflwhichmeansrollingonfloorlaughingForanotherhand,acronymofEnglishwordssuchas:BTW(bytheway,bytheway),TIA(thanksinadvance),BF(boyfriend,herboyfriend),PB(playboyPlayboy),etc.itisnotsuchwelcomedinChinaorinsteadinAmericaacronymofpinyin.2.ConclusionAccordingtotheabovediscussions,somecluescanbefound.First,ChineseorAmericannetizensgetusedtonotbeingobsessedwiththestandardformationofwords.ManypopularChinesecharactersactuallyare“wrongwritings^andkindoftheabuseofthemorphology,buttheymeettheinstantneedsofpeopleandconveyattitudesofnovelty.SodotheAmericans.Second,blending(abbreviation)isaverypopularwaytocreatenewEnglishwordsorChinesecharacters.Itmakeswordsmoresuccinctbutpreciselyexpressesthecoremeanings-Third,derivationisaquickwaytocreatenewwordsor\ncharacters.ThederivationofEnglishwordsisdifferentfromthatofChinesecharacters.Fourth,borrowingisamoreandmorecommonway.Economicglobalizationstrengthenstheculturalcommunication.ThereisnodoubtthatlanguagechangewiththedevelopmentoftheGlobalvillage.Thosenewnetworkwordsseemrandomandfree,butitstillfitthegeneralstudiesoflinguisticmorphology.Inthedifferentperiods,differentwaystocreatenewwordsaredistinguished.Allinall,itprovesagainthelanguageisconsistentlychanginganddeveloping.Timeselectionistheruleofthelanguagechange.BibliographyGroverHudson.EssentialIntroductoryLinguistics:PekingUniversitypress,2005•Analysisofthenetworktypeofwordformation:2008-11-1l.seefor:http://cng.hi13&com/cckication-papcrs/cnglish-tcaching・papcrs/200811/94006_analysis-of-thc-nctwo「k・type・of-woixi-fonnatiori・"sp#・V2C8hrF4・Ml外国网络热词，seefor:https://in.zhihu.com/question/28463781
