专题09 非谓语动词-3年高考2年模拟1年原创备战2017高考精品系列之英语（解析版）

专题09 非谓语动词-3年高考2年模拟1年原创备战2017高考精品系列之英语（解析版）

‎3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列 专题09 非谓语动词 ‎【2017年高考命题预测】‎ ‎ 高考研究非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都已经成为非谓语动词用法的难点。‎ ‎ 近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。‎ ‎ 另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。‎ 预测今后高考非谓语动词将是考点中最重要的。非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错、单项填空中考查的份额很重。‎ ‎【考点定位】2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布 （1） 考纲要求 ‎ 非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点。 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。‎ （2） 命题规律 一、主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法，但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。‎ 二、设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 非谓语动词有三种；动词不定式、动词的一ing形式和动词的一ed形式．非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和变化，但有语态和时态的变化。因此高考备考时，对非谓语要有充分的认识和归纳，现在分词表示动作“主动和进行”，分词表示“被动和完成”，而不定式则含有“将来”的意义时，头脑要冷静。一方面要认真分析句子结构，确定所填动句子中作谓语还是非谓语，如果作非滑语，还要确定动词与主语的逻辑关系以及该动作与谓语动词的动作发生时问自后；同时要注意标点符号特别是逗号的作用。‎ 考点一、分词与动词不定式作状语的区别 ‎【例题1】Bradon worked for hours after school money for his education．‎ A．making B．to make C．made D．having made ‎【例题2】One Sunday several former classmates gathered at Tom’s， their high school reunion the year before．‎ A．talking about B．to talk about C．talked about D．having talked about 考点二、现在分词与过去分词的区别 ‎【例题3】When I caught him me，I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop．‎ A．cheated B．cheating C．to cheat D．to have cheated ‎【解题指导】现在分词与过去分词的一个重要区别就是：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。在解答相关题目时，应从以下方面分析：分词作定语时，分析被修饰词同非谓语动词的关系；作宾补／主补时，分析宾语／主语同宾补／主补的关系；作状语时，分析句子主语同非谓语动词的关系。从以上几个方面来判断是用现在分词还是过去分词。‎ 考点三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 ‎【例题4】The old women spoke to the girl again，raising her voice a bit，but still no answer·‎ A．received B．receiving C．had received D．to receive ‎【例题5】Tom stood there， what he could do for the poor man sitting beside him．‎ A．wondered B．to wonder C．having wondered D．wondering ‎【解题指导】注意掌握谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别。‎ ‎【解析】D。句意：汤姆站在那里，心里想着能为站在他身边的那个可怜的人做些什么。显然，“心里想着”是伴随动作，伴随着“站”，因此用分词作伴随状语。又因句子主语与动作”心里想着”是主谓关系，故用现在分词，答案为D。‎ 考点四、三种表示被动意义的非谓语形式：to be done，done。being done的区别 近三年高考中有一些地区考查了to be done，done，being done的区别，这一考点应引起考生的重视。‎ ‎【例题6】the NO.5 subway line， in October，2007，has greatly improved the traffic conditions in Beijing．‎ A．opened B．was opened C．being opened D．to be opened ‎【三年高考】 14、15、16高考试题及其解析 ‎2016年高考题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·北京】26. ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.‎ A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 考点：考查不定式作目的状语 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一、不定式的作用 1、 作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：‎ It took us two hours to finish the job.‎ It is impossible for us to get there on time.‎ It is very kind of you to help us.‎ 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。‎ ‎ （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较：‎ ‎ It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）‎ ‎ To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） ‎ ‎（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.‎ 1、 作宾语 ‎(1) 动词+不定式。如：‎ He managed to escape from the fire.‎ I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）‎ 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 (1) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：‎ I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.‎ I can’t decide when to go there.‎ 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：‎ I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.‎ 2、 作宾语补足语 (1) 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：‎ He warned me to be careful.‎ I want you to speak to Tom.‎ What makes you think so? （不带to的不定式）‎ ‎ 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, would prefer, encourage (2) 表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：‎ We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.‎ The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）‎ ‎(3) There +不定式。如：‎ We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。‎ 注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：‎ We regard Eric as our best teacher. 我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。‎ Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。‎ ‎(4) 在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：‎ They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.‎ ‎(5) help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.‎ ‎ I often help him （to）clean the room.‎ ‎ I helped him (to) find his things.‎ 1、 作定语 不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：‎ I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）‎ He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）‎ He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）‎ He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）‎ 注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如：‎ ‎ Do you have anything else to say?‎ ‎ 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：‎ ‎ I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一支钢笔写字)‎ ‎ I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)‎ ‎5. 作状语 作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。‎ (1) 做目的状语，just to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…（如此···以便···）如：‎ He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。‎ He came to the school to see his son.‎ (2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：‎ He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.‎ He searched the room only to find nothing.‎ (3) 做原因状语。如：‎ We were very excited to hear the news.‎ I’m glad to see you.‎ (4) 做条件状语。如：‎ To turn to the left, you could find a post office.‎ ‎6. 作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：‎ The question is how to put it into practice.‎ My question is when to leave.‎ His dream is to be a doctor.‎ Her work is to look after the babies.‎ 注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ 2.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。‎ ‎ 如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）(Seeing is believing. )‎ ‎7独立结构。如：‎ To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.‎ To make matters worse, it began to rain.‎ 二、 不定式的时态和语态 1、 不定式的时态 (1) 现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：‎ He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. ‎ (2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：‎ I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.‎ He seems to have caught a cold.‎ （3） 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：‎ He seems to be eating something.‎ ‎（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：‎ She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.‎ 2、 不定式的语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：‎ He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.‎ 三、 省to 的动词不定式 1、 情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）‎ 2、 would rather, had better.‎ 3、 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.‎ 注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：‎ I saw him dance. ‎ He was seen to dance. ‎ The boss made them work the whole night.‎ They were made to work the whole night.‎ 1、 使役动词 let, have, make.‎ 2、 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.‎ 3、 help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.‎ 4、 Why don’t you…/Why not…‎ 5、 but 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： ‎ ‎ He wants to do nothing but go out. ‎ ‎ He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.‎ 6、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：‎ He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。‎ ‎2.【2016·北京】28. ______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered ‎【答案】D 考点：考查过去分词作状语 ‎ 【名师点睛】‎ 分词作状语 ‎1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth. =as soon as。‎ ‎2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。‎ ‎3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。‎ ‎ 4. 分词作条件状语相当于if unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given，supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。‎ ‎ 5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。‎ ‎ 6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎3.【2016·北京】32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.‎ A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。‎ 考点：考查现在分词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在分词和过去分词的区别：‎ 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；‎ 在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。‎ 如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶 一、 分词的作用 1、 作定语 （1） 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：‎ The sleeping boy is my son.‎ The excited people rushed into the building.‎ A lost opportunity never returns.‎ He is a retired worker.‎ （2） 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：‎ The girl standing under the tree is my niece.‎ The building built last year is our library.‎ This is the question given.‎ There is nothing interesting.‎ （3） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists ‎2. The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th ‎ century.‎ A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written ‎3. What’s the language ______ in Germany?‎ A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak ‎4. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.‎ A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying.‎ ‎5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”‎ A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 1、 作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。‎ Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.‎ As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.‎ Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.‎ If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)‎ Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.‎ Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).‎ Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)‎ He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)‎ He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)‎ ‎6. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.‎ A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed ‎7. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.‎ ‎ A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed ‎8. ______, liquids can be changed into gases.‎ ‎ A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat ‎ 注意：‎ （1） 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：‎ ‎（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。‎ Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。‎ （2） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。‎ ‎9. When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.‎ A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed ‎10. ______ such heavy pollution already, the river becomes dead water.‎ A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 1、 作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：‎ The film is touching.‎ The glass is broken.‎ She looked tired with cooking.‎ He remained standing beside the table.‎ 2、 作宾语补足语 分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：‎ I smell something burning.‎ I heard him singing the song.‎ I heard my name called.‎ I can’t make myself understood in English.‎ I found my car missing.‎ I’ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。‎ 3、 作插入语 其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。‎ generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到 strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：‎ Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。‎ Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。‎ 二、分词的时态 1、 与主语动词同时。如：‎ Arriving there, they found the boy dead. ‎ ‎11. The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president.‎ A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 1、 先于主语动词 分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：‎ Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.‎ After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.‎ ‎12. ______ a reply, he decided to write again.‎ A. Not receiving B. Receiving not ‎ C. Not having received D. Having not received 三、分词的语态 1、 通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：‎ He is the man giving you/who gave you the book ‎ She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car. ‎ 2、 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：‎ a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球 a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴 ‎4.【2016·江苏】28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________within the work.‎ A. to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。  过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。‎ 例如：  He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。   ‎ 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。‎ 例如：  fallen leaves 落叶   retired workers 退休工人   the risen sun 升起的太阳   ‎ 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况：   ‎ ‎1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：   ‎ We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。   ‎ My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。   ‎ 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如：   ‎ They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。  ‎ ‎2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。‎ 例如：The student dressed in white is my daughter.   ‎ ‎=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。  ‎ ‎3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。‎ 例如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。  ‎ ‎4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方 式、时间、程度、性质等意义。‎ 例如： This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。   ‎ ‎5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。‎ 考点：考查分词做定语 ‎5.【2016·天津】4. The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎ A. making B. to make C. made D. being made ‎【答案】A 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题还有一个考点就是同样是结果状语从句，现在分词和不定式用法也不同，还要结合语境判断符合哪一个，来加以判断。‎ ‎6.【2016·浙江】10.To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012. ‎ A. having conducted B. to be conducted C. conducting D. conducted ‎【答案】D 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法，看carry out和修饰的study之间的关系可知用过去分词。‎ ‎7.【2016·浙江】19. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.‎ A. working B. work C. to work D. worked ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法，看I和work的逻辑关系可以看出是现在分词。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ ‎66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。‎ ‎67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home.‎ ‎49.to bring 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.‎ The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. ‎ ‎4.【2016·上海】(B)‎ ‎ Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.‎ ‎ To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.‎ ‎38. annoyed  考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。‎ ‎39. control 考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。‎ ‎ 40. to get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。‎ ‎5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ She was a very 43 (care)mother.For 25days,she never left her baby,not even to find something 44 ‎ ‎(eat)!‎ ‎43.caring/careful 此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。‎ ‎44.to eat 句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分） ‎ Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. ‎ ‎5. or→ and 考查连词。根据句意判断此处是表示并列关系，故把or改为and。‎ ‎6. using →used 考查被动语态。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来去做”。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. ‎ ‎2.chose改为choose 考查句子结构。“情态动词+动词原形”才可以在句中作为谓语部分，而本句中chose是过去式。‎ ‎3.take改为taking 考查并列结构。本句中动名词短语staying at home与taking a trip构成并列关系，都作为介词between的宾语。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.‎ ‎58.wear—wearing考查固定搭配。by是介词，意为“通过”，后跟名词／代词或动名词，故把wear改为wearing。‎ ‎4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Mom was grateful and moving.‎ ‎10.moving---moved 句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving---moved。‎ ‎5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us. ‎ ‎70.【答案】was改成were 考点：考查主谓一致 ‎71.【答案】knowing改成know ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。‎ 考点：考查动词不定式 ‎ ‎2015年高考题 ‎1.【2015·湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ whether to stay or leave.‎ A. wondering B. wonder C．to wonder D．wondered ‎【答案】A 　‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do  2、动词的ing : doing  3、　动词的过去分词：done;不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】21._____the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.‎ A.Catching. B.Caught. C.To catch. D.Catch ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】此题应抓住逻辑主语与从句的关系，然后从句意中看出句子中缺少的成份，可以知道这里用不定式做目的状语，意思是“为了…”，学生需要注意非谓语动词中现在分词、过去分词、不定式和各种动词在句子中做的成份，才可以做好此类题。‎ ‎3.【2015·北京】23.The park was full of people,____themselves in the sunshine.‎ A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非谓语动词的掌握情况，做题时可以先根据情景，语境等排除错误选项。然后根据句子中的主谓关系判断出正确选项。做好此类题需要先判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词是主动关系还是被动关系，然后看非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序，所以学生需要多加注意句子之间的关系。‎ ‎4.【2015·北京】31.If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.‎ A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题暗含了状语从句的省略和非谓语动词的用法两个知识点，并牢记现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式表将要执行的动作的原则。做好此类题需要牢记句子中省略，还有主语和动词之间的关系。‎ ‎5.【2015·重庆】6. ____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.‎ A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是主谓关系，故选C项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 本题在考查非谓语动词，题目难度中等，从选项看，不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。从句子结构判断，两个句子是否共用一个主语，主语与第一个动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，再者还要注意判断时间关系，从而得出答案来。‎ ‎6.【2015·重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.‎ A. used B. having used C. using D. use ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。 选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的，这个考点在高考中经常出现，本题考查的是分词做伴随状语，分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表示主动意义； 而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义；He sen me an e-mail hoping to ge further information 他给我发一封电子邮件，希望得到更多的信息； He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. 他匆忙进了大厅，后面跟着两个警卫。‎ ‎7.【2015·浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.‎ ‎ A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查动词非谓语 ‎【名师点睛】解答此题，既需要正确区分非谓语和谓语的用法，又要对语态中的被动和主动有所了解，另外也要对hear 这个感官动词的用法有了解。其中的非谓语和谓语可以根据句子成分划分得出，而语态关键看主语是人还是物。当物作主语时需要用被动。‎ ‎8.【2015·天津】8. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. ‎ ‎ A. To work B. Worked ‎ C. To be working D. Having worked ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，现在分词完成式表示其动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，放在句首的不定式只能表示目的性，故应当排除。‎ ‎9.【2015·天津】5. ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. ‎ ‎ A. To absorb B. To be absorbed ‎ C. Absorbed D. Absorbing ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。‎ ‎10.【2015·陕西】17. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.‎ ‎ A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查不定式 ‎【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法，可以做宾语，定语，状语。还有不定式的不同形式：to do；to be doing；to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。‎ ‎11.【2015·陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.‎ A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，所以选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查过去分词 ‎【名师点睛】考生在做非谓语动词的题目时，首先要通过分析句子知道这里需要的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。还有是作什么成分，然后根据和修饰语的关系决定用哪种非谓语单词：是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。‎ ‎12.【2015·福建】28._________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选C ‎【考点定位】考查考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。‎ ‎13.【2015·福建】33.In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______the sense of “information” and " atmosphere".‎ A. combine B. combined C. combing D. being combined ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。‎ ‎14.【2015·江苏】24.Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】独立主格结构 ‎【名师点睛】考生要抓住非谓语动词考点做题重要原则：非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。‎ ‎15.【2015·安徽】27.______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者是主谓关系，因此用动名词做主语，故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动名词作主语 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语动词。“will be”前面的“______ the difference between the two research findings”是主语部分，动词原形和过去分词不能直接作主语，习惯上用动名词作主语。且you和ignore是主谓关系，这里表示同时发生，而非先后发生，因此不用分词的完成式。‎ ‎16.【2015·湖南】34.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________ what is bothering them.‎ A. to talk over B. talked over C．talk over D．having talked over ‎【答案】A 　‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词不定式可以表示目的，在句中作目的状语。①表目的：He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致 ‎2014年高考试题 ‎1.【2014·全国大纲卷】23.Today there are more airplanes________ more people than ever before in the skies.‎ A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查现在分词作定语。句意：现在比以前有有更多的飞机运送乘客。此处airplane和carrying之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故选B。‎ 考点：考查现在分词作定语 ‎2.【2014·全国大纲卷】33. ______me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.‎ A. Calling B. Call C. To call D. Having called ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词的正确形式。句意：明天给我打电话，我会告诉你实验的结果。此句是祈使句，故用动词原形。选B。‎ 考点：考查动词的正确形式。‎ ‎3.【2014·重庆卷】5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _______ to our shop for quality problems.‎ ‎ A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本题意为：厂商定期回收因质量问题退回来的相机。camera是“退回”的承受者，应使用过去分词。A、C两项语态错误；D项表“未来”，时态不合语境。故本题选择B项。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎4.【2014·重庆卷】11. Group activities will be organized after class _______ children develop team spirit.‎ ‎ A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help ‎【答案】D 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎5.【2014·北京卷】35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______..‎ A. recognizing B. being recognized ‎ C. having recognized D. having been recognized ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本题考查动词的非谓语动词形式。句意：那位电影明星戴上墨镜。所以，他去买东西不会被认出来。根据题中的介词without判断，此后应该使用动词的动名词形式，由于他是被人认出的，所以应该用动名词的被动式，所以选B。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎6.【2014·北京卷】28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.‎ A. solving B. solved ‎ C. being solved D.to be solved ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎7.【2014·北京卷】24. __ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab..‎ A. Observe B. To observe C. Observed D. Observing ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本题考查非谓语动词。考查方式为识别是否适用非谓语动词。根据上下文可知，后面提供了两个从句，一个为条件状语从句、另一个为时间状语从句的省略句，由此可知，在某条件下和某时间，建议某人做某事。因此，应该选择动词原形，引起的是祈使句。所以，本题选A。‎ 考点：本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎8.【2014·北京卷】25. Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV.‎ A.watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本题考查非谓语动词，考查方式为非谓语动词形式的选择。本题说明“昨晚有成百万的人看电视上直播的开幕式”，watching引导的现在分词短语做定语，说明人们在做什么。与前面的people构成主谓关系，所以选择D。‎ 考点：本题考查非谓语动词 ‎9.【2014·天津卷】7. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.‎ A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意： 这本书写得既清楚又完整，该书激励了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的自信心。Clearly and thoroughly 是副词，writing是动词的-ing形式，表示与主语book是主动关系；to write是动词不定式，表将来和目的；written是动词的过去分词形式，表示与主语book是被动的关系。根据语境可知，选C。 ‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎10.【2014·天津卷】5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit.‎ A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found ‎【答案】A 考点：考查非谓语动词及语境理解。‎ ‎11.【2014·山东卷】6. There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again. ‎ ‎ A. saying B. says C. said D. having said ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：在这个句子中note和say是主动关系，所以要用saying。此处saying引导的句子做伴随状语。句意为：门上钉着张纸条，写着这家商店什么时候再营业。故答案选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【知识拓展】非谓语动词的选择要根据所填的动词及它所要修饰的逻辑主语之间的关系确定。doing表主动表进行；done表被动表完成；to do表目的表将来。‎ ‎12.【2014·山东卷】9. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer. ‎ ‎ A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。句意为：像这样的一个公司雇用一名保安是惯例。故答案选C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎13.【2014·江西卷】26. When it comes to __ in public, no one can match him.‎ A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken ‎ ‎【答案】B 考点：考查固定句型 ‎14.【2014·江西卷】31. ___nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.‎ A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据句子意思分析，前后逻辑主语都是we，并且花钱的动作发生在couldn’t afford之前，该用动词ing形式的完成式作状语。Having spend 已经花掉；to spend 将要花去；spent 被花去；to have spent将已花去。 因此A选项正确。句意为“ 已经几乎用完所有的钱，所以我们住不起旅馆。”‎ 考点：考查动词ing形式。‎ ‎15.【2014·江西卷】34. He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.‎ A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句型“有人认为..已....”可用It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结构。从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。该结构可转化为Sb is thought/believed +不定式的完成式。如：‎ It is reported that Cheng Yifei died several days ago. ‎ The news reports that Cheng Yifei died several days ago.‎ ‎ Cheng Yifei is reported to have died several days ago.   ‎ 因此B选项正确。‎ 句意为“ 有人认为他已做了一件傻事。现在应怪他自己丢掉这份工作。”‎ 考点：考查动词非谓语形式。‎ ‎16.【2014·四川卷】5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.‎ A. having developed      B. to develop          C. developed          D. develop ‎【答案】C ‎【知识拓展】判断现在分词或过去分词做补语的方法是：看动词和宾语之间的关系，如果是主动关系，则用现在分词，而如果是被动关系则用过去分词。比如：We saw the bird fly away。我们看到鸟飞走了。 He found himself tied to a tree 。他发现自己被捆在树上。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎17.【2014·四川卷】7.— I hope to take the computer course.‎ ‎— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website.‎ A. To find out               B. Finding out        C. To be finding out       D. Having found out ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:由结构判断此处是非谓语短语位于句首表示目的，现在分词不做目的状语，排除CD选项。To be doing强调正在进行，不能做目的状语，故答案选A。句意：---我希望选修计算机课程。---好主意。要想多了解计算机情况的话，去这个网站看看。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎18.【2014·福建卷】27. the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.‎ A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：“花费”和其逻辑主语“Linda”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语。且“花费”的动作明显早于“看起来成熟”这个动作。表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，用现在分词的完成时。句意：由于Linda过去几年在香港作交换留学生，所以她看起来比她的实际年龄更成熟。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎19.【2014·福建卷】30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.‎ A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：“个人电脑和手机”与“联系”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，所以选A。句意：对于那些远离家人的人来说，个人电脑和电话在与家人保持联络方面起着很重要的作用。Stay是系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎20.【2014·江苏卷】29. The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.‎ A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given ‎【答案】D 考点：考查非谓语动词用法 ‎21.【2014·陕西卷】12. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _________ for a swim?‎ A. to go B. going C go D. having gone ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。feel like后跟v-ing形式作宾语，排除A和C，having done表示已经发生的动作，根据语境，此处因为天热，询问对方是否想去游泳，故动作没有发生，因此选B。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎22.【2014·陕西卷】20. ________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.‎ A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：为了解出那道数学难题，我已经向Russell教授咨询过好几次了。非谓语动词中只有不定式可作目的状语，题干中缺少目的状语，故选C。‎ ‎【知识拓展】不定式在句子中可作什么状语？‎ ‎1）目的状语。To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) 如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 如：What have I said to make you angry？我说什么让您生气了？He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜查了房间什么也没找到。 3) 表原因。如：I'm sorry to hear your father is ill听说你父亲病了很难过。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎23.【2014·安徽卷】32．While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.‎ A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote ‎【答案】B ‎【知识拓展】‎ 考点：考查get+过去分词结构 get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。1．常见于以下两种情况： ① 谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故，如： Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。② 谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时，常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词，表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任，此时既含有被动意义，同时又含有主动意义， Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。‎ ‎24.【2014·湖南卷】21.Children，when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.‎ A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C. accompanying D. accompanied ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词用法。句中的逻辑主语为children，与accompany之间为被动意义上的关系，故用过去分词作状语。句意：当有父母陪伴的时候，孩子们是允许进入体育馆的。故D正确。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词用法 ‎25.【2014·湖南卷】____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.‎ A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood ‎【答案】A 考点：考查非谓语动词用法 ‎26.【2014·湖南卷】27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____at the night sky.‎ A. to stare B. staring C. stared D, having stared ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词用法。句中的动词stare的逻辑主语是隐含主语I，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：没有比背躺在草地中间，盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。故B正确。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词用法 ‎27.【2014·湖南卷】30.______ what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day of your life for it A. Make B. To make C. Making D. Made ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词用法。根据句中的连词because，可以排除前一句用非谓语动词。用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。句意：让你今天所做的重要，因为你在经营你生命中的一天。故A正确。‎ 考点：考查动词用法 ‎28.【2014·湖南卷】35. ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.‎ A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词用法。不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。句意：为了解除我们自己生理和心理的紧张，‎ 我们每个人都需要深刻的思考和内心的宁静。故C正确。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词用法 ‎29.【2014·浙江卷】14. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ to guard her.‎ ‎   A. to appoint         B. appointing            C. appointed           D. having appointed ‎【答案】C 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【两年模拟】2015、2016名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2016年模拟题 ‎1.【浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考】6. They came up with a lot of plans at the meeting, none of them ______ in their work.‎ A. carrying out B. having carried out C. carried out D. being carrying out ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：前半句句子完整，后半句为独立主格结构，them指代plans，plans与carry out是动宾关系，carry out用被动形式，故选C。句意：会议上他们提出了很多计划，但是一个也没有在工作中实施。‎ 考点： 非谓语动词 ‎2.【浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考】11. ______ to alcohol, whether for an adult or for a teenager, is definitely harmful from all aspects.‎ A. Exposed B. Being exposed C. Exposing D. To expose ‎【答案】B 考点： 非谓语动词 ‎3. 【天津市红桥区重点中学2016届高三下学期八校联考】 John told me he’d like to go hiking ‎ with me, his voice _______joy.‎ ‎ A. was heavy with B. heavy with C. was full of D. full with ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查独立主格结构。英语中两个句子之间需要连词连接，而本句逗号前后两部分之间没有连词，说明逗号后面不是句子。排出AC项。D项经常搭配错误，应该是full of。句意：John告诉我们他想和我们一起去滑冰，由于高兴，他的声音很沉重。故B正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一、独立主格结构的概念 ‎ 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。‎ ‎ 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 ‎ 名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） ‎ ‎ 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词 ‎ Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance． ‎ 黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 ‎ ‎2. 名词(代词)+过去分词 ‎ The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。 ‎ He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.   他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 ‎ ‎3. 名词(代词)+不定式 ‎ 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。 ‎ Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. ‎ 种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。 ‎ ‎4. 名词(代词)+形容词 ‎ The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse． 特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。‎ ‎5. 名词(代词)+副词 ‎ The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。 ‎ The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。‎ ‎ 6. 名词(代词)+名词 ‎ His first shot failure，he fired again． 他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。 ‎ Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。‎ ‎7. 名词(代词) +介词短语 ‎ He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm． ‎ 他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。 ‎ Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back． ‎ 每天下午，一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过 考点：考查独立主格结构 ‎4. 【天津市红桥区重点中学2016届高三下学期八校联考】 How happy we are！The winter holiday we have been looking forward ____soon. ‎ ‎ A. has come B. to have come C. to coming D. to will come ‎【答案】D 考点：考查句子结构和时态 ‎5. 【天津市红桥区重点中学2016届高三下学期八校联考】_____in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the money in the car. ‎ ‎ A. Waiting B. Having waited ‎ C. To wait D. To have waited ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查分词做状语。本句中动词wait与句子主语the old man构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词在句中作状语。而且这是一个已经发生的动作，所以使用现在分词的完成式having done。句意：排队等了半个小时，老人突然意识到把钱忘在了车里。故B正确。 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一、现在分词在句中作原因状语 1．分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样，也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。这样的原因状语可以换成because, as引导的原因状语，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。 Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. 因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。 = Because he didn't know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…help. 2．当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。如： Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. = Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. 因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。 二、现在分词短语在句中可以作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard, you'll succeed. = If you work hard, you'll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。 Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park. = If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park. 如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。 三、分词短语在句中作让步状语 分词短语在句中作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时分词前可以带有连接词although, whether, even if, even though。 现在分词短语作让步状语，分词的逻辑主语是句中的主语，变成状语从句时，需用主动语态。 Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone. = Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone.‎ ‎ 虽然那块石头重将近一百斤，他一个人就把它挪动了。 四、分词短语在句中作结果状语 现在分词短语在句中可以作结果状语，它的逻辑主语便是句中的主语，该短语相当于一个结果状语从句，且用主动语态。分词短语在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，中间有逗号。有时为了加强语气，就在分词前加thus。 Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. = Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay. 他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。 五、分词短语在句中表示方式或伴随情况 分词短语表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的。它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，它的逻辑主语就是句中的主语，谓语动词作为主要动作，而现在分词表示一个陪衬动作，它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以用并列句来转换。过去分词可以说明谓语动作的背景。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间有动宾关系。如： The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room. 那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。 Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully. 在老师的帮助下，学生们成功地完成了任务。‎ 考点：考查分词做状语用法 ‎6.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试（二模）】________ back in his chair, the man began to tell us his adventures in the forests.‎ ‎ A. Sit B. Sitting C. To sit D. Sat ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在高中英语语法中，非谓语动词的学习是一个重点，同是也是一个难点。而其中的分词的用法更是重中之重了，掌握了分词的运用对于我们突破阅读理解中的长句子，以及写作水平的提高都会很有帮助，下面就分词作状语的用法作以下总结。 ‎ 分词在语法功能上相当于形容词和副词，分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when引出。‎ ‎1. 现在分词的一般式：现在分词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词所表示 的动作同时发生或两者之间时间间隔并不长。例如： ‎ I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech on greenhouse. ‎ Hearing the good news, the students were wild with joy. ‎ He sends me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.‎ ‎ Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. ‎ ‎   从所给的例句是我们可以看出，现在分词的一般主动式所表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是我们常说的主动关系，而其一般被动式却表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也就是我们常说的被动关系。并且现在分词的一般被动式一般作原因状语位于句首，‎ 请看以下例句：   ‎ Being a student, he was interested in books.    ‎ Being very small, computers are widely used.      Being tired, I can’t go on walking. ‎ ‎2. 现在分词的完成式：表示分词的动作在句中谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前就已发生。例如： ‎ Having done the work, he went home. ‎ Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables ‎ Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. ‎ Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. ‎ Having been deserted by his guide, he could not find his way through the jungle. ‎ 从以上例句中我们可以看出，现在分词的完成主动式表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。而其完成被动式却表示分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也是先于谓语动词发生。 ‎ ‎3．过去分词：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不强调一定要先于谓语动词之前就已发生。例如： ‎ Heated, this kind of wood gives off much smoke. ‎ The teacher entered the lab, followed by the students. ‎ Given a chance, I can surprise the world. ‎ Founded in 1936, Harward is one of the most famous universities in the United States.  ‎ 值得注意的是有些过去分词因为源于系表结构，作状语时表主动而不是被动，常见的过去分词和短语有：lost(迷路), seated（坐）, hidden(躲), stationed（驻扎） ,born（出身于）, dressed in（穿着） , tired of（厌烦）, lost/absorbed in（沉溺于） caught in/on(遇到一种不幸情况）。 ‎ Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. ‎ Lost/absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. ‎ Caught in a heavy rain, he was wet all over. ‎ 考点：考查分词做状语 ‎7.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试（二模）】The Winter Olympics ________ in 2022 will surely bring in many international tourists.‎ ‎ A. held B. having held C. holding D. to be held ‎【答案】D 考点：考查不定式用法 ‎8.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试（二模）】If ________ in the elevator, please press the emergency button immediately.‎ ‎ A. trapped B. trapping C. having trapped D. to be trapped ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词和省略句。后半句是一个祈使句，祈使句的主语you被省略了，且you和动词trap构成被动关系，所以在条件句中使用被动语态If you are trapped；当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且含有be动词的时候，可以表示主语和be动词一起省略。故A正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 状语从句主谓成分的省略是英语语言在使用过程中出现的一种较普遍的语法现象，它能使语言言简意赅。 When asking the teacher, he was very polite.‎ Until finished, the problem was a continuous worry to me.‎ He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is) possible.‎ 一、状语从句主谓成分的省略，须遵循下面原则：‎ ‎（一）当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句可以省略主语，从句的谓语动词采用其V-ing结构。例如：‎ Although working very hard, he failed in the final exam. (Although he worked very hard,…)‎ After taking the medicine, she felt much better. (After she took the medicine,…)‎ If going there by air, we’ll have to pay twice the fare. (If we go there by air,…)‎ ‎（二）当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，若从句的谓语动词是系动词be或包含be的某种形式，此时从句的主语和be动词通常可以一同省略。常见于以下几种形式: 1、连词+形容词 Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。 Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。‎ She hurried out of the room, as if (she was) angry.‎ ‎2、连词+名词 While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。‎ He could write poems when (he was) yet a child.‎ ‎3、连词+现在分词 While (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.‎ 她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。 The boy is running impatiently here and there as if (he is) searching for something lost on the sports ground.  ‎ 这男孩很不耐心地在操场上到处跑着仿佛在找什么东西。‎ ‎4连词+过去分词 If (it is) well read, the book will give you much to think.‎ Unless (they were) asked to answer questions, the students were not supposed to talk in Prof. Li’s class.‎ ‎5连词+不定式 He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。‎ He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。 　　6、连词+介词短语 She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。‎ He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什么东西。 　　He came across the picture while (he was) on a visit to New York.‎ ‎（三）若从句的主语和主句的主语不一致，但和主句的宾语一致时，从句中的主语和be动词亦常可省略。例如：‎ Father advised me not to say anything until (I was) asked.‎ Granny told the children not to talk while (they were) eating.‎ ‎（四）当从句的主语是it, 且谓语动词是be或包含be的某种形式时, it和be常可同时省略。例如: If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。 You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.‎ 除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词和省略 ‎9.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试（二模）】Before you hand in your final report, ________ there are no spelling mistakes.‎ ‎ A. make sure B. to make sure C. made sure D. making sure ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查句子结构。本句中有before引导的时间状语从句，说明横线句是一个完整的句子，而BCD三项都不能放在句首先从单独的句子，而A项动词原形放在句首构成祈使句。句意：在你上交最终的报告之前，要确保没有拼写错误。故A正确。‎ 考点：考查句子结构 ‎10.【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次（5月）综合练习】______ more about our university courses, write to this address. ‎ ‎ A. To find out B. Finding out C. Found out D. To be found out ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：要获取更多关于我们大学的课程，请给这个地址写信。用动词不定式做目的状语，write to this address是祈使句，主语是第二人称you，find out的逻辑主语也是you，所以用动词不定式的主动形式，To be found out是被动形式，故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎ 11.【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次（5月）综合练习】 A notice will be put up_____ information about the closing dates for entering exams.‎ A. given B. giving C. having given D. being given ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎12.【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次（5月）综合练习】––Do you mind if I smoke here? ‎ ‎––I suggest you go to the separate room ______ for smokers.‎ ‎ A. to reserve B. reserving C. reserved D. being reserved ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：— 如果我在这里抽烟你介意吗？—我建议你到为吸烟者准备的单独的房间去抽。A. to reserve 表主动和将来；B. reserving表主动；D. being reserved 表正在被留；C. reserved是过去分词，表示和前面的room是被动关系，意思是：房间被预留，符合句意，故选C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎13.【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2016届高三教学情况调研（二）】 I remember when I was a child ________ with how many toys my cousin had.‎ ‎ A. impressing B. to impress C. being impressed D. impressed ‎【答案】C ‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的被动形式的用法。‎ ‎14.【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2016届高三教学情况调研（二）】 In time of anger, do yourself a favor by ________ it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames.‎ ‎ A. releasing B. recovering C. refreshing D. recycling ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：在愤怒的时候，帮助自己通过在一个安静的地方释放一下，这样你就不会被它的火焰伤害了。A. releasing释放；B. recovering恢复，再生；C. refreshing恢复精神；D. recycling回收利用。故选A。‎ 考点：考查动词的用法。‎ ‎15.【江苏省扬州中学2016届高三4月质量监测】—Who won the election for mayor?‎ ‎ —A man ________ to represent every minority group in the city.‎ ‎ A. claiming B. claims C. is claimed D. having claimed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词作后置。句意：——谁赢得了市长的选举？——一个宣称代表这个城市每一个小团体(利益)的人。claiming及其后面的只是对A man的后置定语。译作一个宣称会代表这个城市每一个小团体(利益)的人。故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词作后置 ‎16. 【江苏省五校联考2016届高三英语第二次英语试题】With a view to fighting against crimes online, the authority hosted an anti-piracy concert with over 100 pop singers, _______ fans not to buy pirated music and movies.‎ A. urging B. to urge C. having urged D. urged ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在网上有一个打击犯罪的观点，该机构举行了由100名歌手举行的反盗版音乐会，建议粉丝不买盗版音乐和电影。urge催促， 推进，驱策。此处是现在分词表示伴随状态，故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎17．【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】We will have six-day holiday during the coming APEC meetings traffic on the roads．‎ A． to ease B． easing C． ease D． having eased ‎【答案】A 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎18．【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】_____ with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time．‎ A． Faced B． Face C． Facing D． To face ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：面临这么大的麻烦，我们没能按时完成任务。be faced with 面对。这里用形容词作状语， 故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎19. 【浙江省温州市十校联合体2016届高三下学期期初联考】The water was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, _________ the car out.‎ ‎ A. getting B. got C. to get D. get ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词 句意为：水有两英尺深，把这辆小车弄出来就算是有可能的话也是非常困难的。making it difficult是非谓语动词作了结果状语，make it difficult to get the car out, if not impossible(不是不可能)。在句子中it 是形式宾语，此处真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故答案应为C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎20.【浙江省温州市十校联合体2016届高三下学期期初联考】She would move quietly up to the sparrow on a small tree just to get a better look, her face __________ with childlike expressions at one of God’s simple wonders.‎ ‎ A. shone B. shining C. having shone D. being shone ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 考点 : 考查非谓语动词 ‎ ‎2015年模拟题 ‎1.【天津市河西区2015届高三下学期总复习质量调查（三）】4.______ nice, the food was all eaten up soon.‎ A. Tasting B. Taste ‎ C. Tasted D. To taste ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：taste “品尝”，是连系动词，无被动语态，此处用其现在分词tasting作原因状语，意为“由于尝起来美味，这种食物很快销售一空”，故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎2.【陕西省西工大附中2015届高三下学期模拟考试（一）】17. With lots of problems ________ in the class, our teacher looks very relaxed and happy.‎ A. solved B. solve C. being solved D. to solve ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: 句意：有这么多问题都在课上解决了，我的老师看起来很轻松愉快。With复合结构中如果宾语和做补语的动词之间是被动关系，而且表示已经完成，用过去分词，选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎3.【陕西省西工大附中2015届高三下学期模拟考试（一）】21.Do you know who our teacher will have ________ an article for the wall newspaper?‎ A. written B. wrote C. to write D. write ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: 句意：你知道我们老师会让谁去为板报写文章吗？从结构可知此处是have sb do sth结构，选D。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎4.【陕西省西工大附中2015届高三下学期三模】16. “Please remain______until the airplane comes to a complete stop.” said the stewardess.‎ ‎ A. seating B. seat C. seated D. to seat ‎【答案】C 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎6.【陕西省西工大附中2015届高三下学期三模】19. A storm buried Illinois under several inches of snow on Tuesday,______at least 100 people dead in traffic accidents. A. to leave B. leave C. left D. leaving ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 考查现在分词。句意为：星期二暴风侵袭了伊利诺斯州，事故中最少100人死亡，现在分词做状语，故选D。‎ 考点：考查现在分词 ‎7.【陕西省西工大附中2015届高三下学期三模】24. In Singapore, people______eating or drinking on the subway can be fined up to 500 Singapore dollars.‎ A. having caught B. catching C. caught D. to catch ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在新加坡。人们在地铁上吃喝只需要花500新加坡币，此处考查过去分词作定语，故选C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎ ‎8.【湖南省桃江县第一中学2015届高三5月模拟】 Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at the conference, _______ university graduates to start their own business.‎ ‎ A. encouraging B. to encourage C. having encouraged D. encouraged ‎【答案】A 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎9.【湖南省桃江县第一中学2015届高三5月模拟】 —Can you give me a ride?‎ ‎—Sorry. There is no room ___________ in my car.‎ A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. being left ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：你能载我一程吗?-对不起。我的车没有位置了。此处left作定语，意为：剩下的。考查过去分词作定语。故选C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎10. 【湖南省桃江县第一中学2015届高三5月模拟】 Life is always full of hardships. _______ a better life, we need positive energy. ‎ A. Live B. To live C. Living D. Lived ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查不定式。句意：生活总是充满艰辛。为了过上更好的生活,我们需要积极的能量。不定式to表“目的”。故选B。‎ 考点：考查不定式 ‎11.【重庆市2015届高考压轴卷】 Hurricane Sandy, one of the biggest storms ever, hit the East Coast of the US on Oct. 29, _________transportation. ‎ A. shut down B. to shut down ‎ C. shutting down D. to have shut down ‎【答案】C 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎12.【重庆市2015届高考压轴卷】 Passengers are permitted ___________ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. ‎ A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：乘客们被允许只能随身携带一个手提行李上飞机。Permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事，此处是被动形式，故选A.‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎13.【浙江省东阳市2015届高三5月模拟】She said she was unlucky _______ the train, and had to spend another day here.‎ A. missing B. to have missed C. to miss D. having missed ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：她说她不幸错过了火车，不得不在这里多住一天。be unlucky to do sth.不幸做某事，“错过火车”这一动作明显发生在谓语动词之前，所以用动词不定式的完成式，故选B。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎14.【浙江省东阳市2015届高三5月模拟】The research, _______ by the end of this year, will pave the way for future development.‎ A. to be concluded B. to conclude C. concluded D. have concluded ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。will pave是句子的谓语动词，所以conclude是非谓语动词，conclude和The research之间是被动关系，动作还未发生，因此用动词不定式的被动式作定语，句意：今年年底将被决定的研究，将为未来的发展铺平道路。故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎15.【江苏省淮安市2015届高三第五次模拟】—Mr Johnson, _______ a second chance, I will finish the task as planned.‎ ‎ — OK, don’t let me down this time.‎ A. giving B. given C. to give D. give ‎【答案】B 考点：考查考查过去分词作状语 ‎16.【福建省龙岩市2015年高中毕业班5月教学质量检查】To everyone’s surprise, the CEO fled to the U.S, his company in a mess.‎ A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. having left ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：B；考查动词ing作伴随状语。伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。此句的谓语是fled to，所以leaving是一个作状语的非谓语动词，且与谓语动词的动作同时发生。句意：让每个人都吃惊的是，总裁飞往美国，留下一团糟的公司。故选B 考点：考查动词ing作伴随状语 ‎17.【福建省龙岩市2015年高中毕业班5月教学质量检查】 to work on Saturdays, the employees are offered a higher salary.‎ A. Expecting B. Expected C. To be expected D. Having expected ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：B；考查过去分词作状语。动词的过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，表示被动和完成，在句子中一般可以作时间、原因等。句意：被希望在周六加班，这些职员被提供更高的薪酬。故选B 考点：考查过去分词作状语 ‎18.【江苏省南京市2015届高三第三次模拟】Acceptance is not about liking a situation. It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and to live with that loss.‎ A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. having learned ‎【答案】A 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎19.【陕西省西安市西北工业大学附属中学2015届高三下学期5月模拟】I was made ______ four hours before I was examined by a doctor, which was really annoying.‎ ‎ A. wait B. waiting C. being waited D. to wait ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我等了四个小时才有一个医生给我检查身体，这点让我非常恼火。A. wait 动词原形；B. waiting 现在分词，表示正在主动； C. being waited现在分词的被动形式； D. to wait不定式，表示将来目的。根据短语be made to do，得知填不定式。故选D。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎20.【陕西省西安市西北工业大学附属中学2015届高三下学期5月模拟】 – Sorry, I’m late. I got ______ in traffic.‎ ‎ – It doesn’t matter. Come in, please.‎ ‎ A. sticking B. to stick C. stuck D. having stuck ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：---对不起，我来晚了。我在路上堵车了----没关系。请进来吧！ A. sticking 现在分词表示主动关系，正在进行；B. to stick 不定式表示将来目的； C. stuck 过去分词表示被动或状态；D. having stuck现在分词的完成式。根据短语get stuck in是堵车状态。故选C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎1. __________ poverty and turmoil for over a century, China knows full well the importance of development and stability.‎ A. Going through B. Having gone through C. Gone through D. Went through ‎【答案】B 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎2. The ongoing Paris climate talks should reject the narrow-minded mentality of zero-sum game(零和博弈), Chinese President Xi Jinping said here Monday, ________ all countries, developed countries in particular, to assume more shared responsibilities for win-win outcomes.‎ A．urging B．urged C．urge D. to urge ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：习近平周一在这里强调说，敦促所有国家，尤其是发达国家，为双赢的结果承担更多的责任。此处和主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎3. People on the scene suggested that the criminal ______ to prison. ‎ ‎ A. referred to be sent        B. refer to be sent ‎ ‎ C. referred to    D. was referred to sent ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。句意：在场的人们建议把那名罪犯关进监狱。the criminal和refer to是动宾关系，即罪犯被(人们)提到，referred to作后置定语，相当于who was referred to；suggest作“建议”讲时，后跟宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略，故选A。‎ ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气 ‎4.Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), its headquarter______in Beijing, is an inter-governmental agency ‎ ‎__________for multi-development of Infrastructure in Asia.    ‎ ‎ A. located; intending     B. locating; intending C. located; intended       D. locating; intended ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：总部设在北京的亚洲基础设施投资银行是一个政府间的机构，它旨在促进亚洲基础设施的多边发展。be located in...坐落于......，位于......；its headquarter是located的逻辑主语；be intended for...旨在，目的是......，故选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词 ‎5. It is a true story of how the Boston Globe uncovered the massive scandal(丑闻)of child molestation(猥亵儿童) and cover-up within the local Catholic Archdiocese, ________the entire Catholic Church to its core.‎ ‎ A. to shake B. shaking C. shaken D. having shaken ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词 ‎6. The Silk Road Economic Belt _______ aims to enhance economic cooperation, traffic connectivity, as well as people-to-people and cultural exchanges. ‎ A. building B. being built C. having built D. built ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：正在建设的丝绸之路经济带旨在加强经济合作、互联互通和人文交流。主语The Silk Road Economic Belt与后面的动词build构成逻辑上的被动关系，且这一动作目前正在进行，故用being done作后置定语。因此选B项。‎ 考点：非谓语动词 ‎7. ______ with day-to-day details, people born in a monkey year love confronting a challenging problem that can evoke their extraordinary talent.      ‎ ‎ A. Boring B. Bored C. Being bored D. Having bored ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查形容词作状语用法 句意：属猴的人对世俗的日常琐事感到厌烦，他们喜欢面对一个具有挑战性的问题，因为这样能够唤起他们的非凡天分。该题考查非谓语动词中“be bored with”系表结构的使用，因后面的主语为people一词，故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查形容词作状语 ‎8. A new road has been built in recent years, ______ it much easier for cars to reach the hotel on the mountain top. ‎ A. having made B. making C. to make D. to have made ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：近年来新修了一条公路，小汽车可以更容易开到山顶的酒店。这里用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。该非谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之后，并非之前，排除A、D两项；不定式表示意想不到的结果，故C项错误。因此选B项。‎ 考点：非谓语动词 ‎9. With e-books, smartphones and computers widely ______, traditional printed books are facing new challenges. ‎ A. being used B. used C. using D. having used ‎ ‎【答案】B 考点：非谓语动词 ‎10.Environmentalists observe that there is less fresh water for drinking and irrigation, thus ______ agriculture downstream.‎ ‎ A. endangered B. endangering C. having endangered D. being endangered ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：环境学家观察到饮用和灌溉的淡水变少了，这样就危害了下游地区的农业。题目中less fresh water与endanger之间为主动关系，故使用现在分词作结果状语，选B项适合。‎ ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词 ‎11. ________ to show Chinese people’s stance(立场) of combating aggression and safeguarding human dignity and world peace, Chinese government set up “National Memorial Day”.‎ ‎ A. Intended B. Intending C. To intend D. Having intended ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为表明中国人民的抵御侵略，捍卫人类尊严和世界和平的立场，中国政府设立了“国家纪念日”。此句中考查了非谓语动词的用法，后面的逻辑主语为“Chinese government”与钱的动词之间为主动关系，同时考查了短语“be intended to do sth”的结构，故选A适合。‎ 考点: 考查非谓语动词 ‎ ‎12. No one knows the age of the old man _____ in the street all day, but _____ from his appearance, he is approximately in his sixties.‎ ‎ A. wandering ; judging B. wandered ; judging C. wandering ; judged D. wandered ; judged ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：没有人确切的知道徘徊在街道上的这个老人的年龄，但是从他的外表判断，他大约有60几岁了。The old man和wander是主动关系，用现在分词做定语；judging from…是评述性状语，故答案为A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎13. Athletes compete alone and are allowed to be accompanied by a two-man team _______ with food and mental support. ‎ A. to be helped B. to have been helped C. to help D. to have helped ‎【答案】C 考点：非谓语动词 ‎14. Once I recognized that I had no one's expectations ______ but my own, relaxed. I began to ‎ view college as a wonderful experiment. ‎ A. living up to B. having lived up to C. to live up to D. to have lived up to ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：当我意识我除了要兑现自己的承诺而不用为了达到别人的期望值而费心时，我真的好轻松。我开始把大学生活当做一种完美的尝试。live up to one’s expectations“不辜负某人的期望”。在题干中，live up to作后置定语，修饰expectations。故选C项。‎ 考点：非谓语动词 ‎15. _____ for drunk driving, obviously, is now of great public concern.‎ ‎ A. Being punished B. Punishing C. Punished D. Having been punished ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：很明显，因为醉酒驾驶受到惩罚现在是大家都很关注的事。此处缺少主语且还含有被动的含义故用A项适合。‎ 考点: 考查非谓语动词 ‎16. _____ his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends，Williams is now under investigation．‎ A．Abused B．Having abused C．To abuse D．To have abused ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：Williams作为市长滥用职权，把工作给他的朋友们，现在正在被调查。“滥用职权”与其逻辑主语“Williams”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语，且分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成时。选B。‎ 考点：考查现在分词的用法 ‎17. The terror attack at a Kunming railway station in southwest China's Yunnan Province, 29 lives and leaving 143 , has brought condemnation from around the world this week.‎ A.claimed; wounding B.claiming; wounded ‎ C.claimed; wounded D.claim; wound ‎【答案】B 考点：考查非谓语动词作状语和宾语补足语 ‎18． what is needed and what is possible, we set a growth target of around 7.5 percent economic growth.‎ A. Consider B.Considered C.Considering D.To consider ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意：考虑到所需要的和可能的因素，我们设定了大约7.5%的经济增长目标。由结构判断此处是非谓语短语做状语，considering表示“鉴于/考虑到…”，答案选C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎19. The young man came _______ to the airport hurriedly only_______his girl friend had already gone.‎ A. driving; to find B. to drive; to find C. and drove; found D. driving; finding ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】此题考查现在分词作方式状语和不定式作结果状语。语境“那位年轻人急急忙忙驾车来到机场发现他的女朋友已经离开了。”only+不定式表示意外的结果。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎20．He formed a good habit from his childhood, ________ a lot of useful knowledge.‎ A.remember B. to remember C. remembering D. remembered ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意：他从小就养成了好的习惯，他记住了许多有用的知识。此处是非谓语短语做结果状语，答案选C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎21．The parents do everything we can _________ their daughter with good education, so that she will get a good job in the future.‎ A．provide B．providing C．provided D．to provide ‎【答案】D 考点：非谓语动词 ‎22．In Europe unemployment hit a new record with young people __________ it harder to get jobs．‎ ‎ A．to find B．finding C．having found D．found ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在欧洲失业率达到一个新纪录，因为年轻人发现找工作更难。这里使用了with复合结构，with+宾语+宾语补足语，因为young people和find是主动关系，所以用现在分词做宾语补足语，所以选B。‎ 考点：考查with复合结构 ‎23．— What has made him unhappy recently?‎ ‎— __________ alone to do the house work．‎ A．Left B．Being left C．Having left D．To leave ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--什么使他最近不高兴？--被单独留下做家务。因为问句是what…?对主语提问，所以回答的是主语的内容，用动名词做主语，he和left是被动关系，用动名词的被动做主语，选B。‎ 考点：考查动名词做主语 ‎24. Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads, two paths ahead of me. ‎ ‎ A. lain B. lying C. to lie D. lie ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我再次站在了十字路口，面前有两条小路。paths与lie是主谓关系，应该使用现在分词表伴随状况，故选B。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎25. The teaching building, to be environmentally friendly, will be completed next year. ‎ ‎ A. designed B. designing ‎ C. being designed D. having designed ‎【答案】A 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎26．The students by the teacher now will take part in the English Speech Contest of the school next month．‎ ‎ A．chosen B．being chosen ‎ C．choosing D．to be chosen ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：正在被老师挑选的学生将参加下个月学校举行的英语演讲赛。这里需要非谓语动词做定语，因为the students和choose是被动关系，排除C项，而且时间是now，所以用现在分词的被动式做定语，A.chosen是过去分词，作定语可以表示“一般情况，或过去的动作”，D．to be chosen做定语，表示“将要被选择”，所以选B。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎ ‎27．_____ in a poor family made Tom very dilligent when he was still young. ‎ ‎ A. Brought up B. Bringing up C. Having brought up D. Being brought up ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意是：在贫穷家庭里被抚养长大使汤姆年轻的时候就成为很勤奋的人。说明made前面的都是主语，而且汤姆是被抚养，用动名词的被动形式。选D。‎ 考点：考查动名词做主语 ‎28．__________ the construction of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation following the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must consolidate wisdom and efforts from all ethnic groups of our nation.‎ ‎ A．To complete B．Completing C．Having completed D．Completed ‎【答案】A ‎ 考点：考查不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎29．—English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?‎ ‎—Yes. _____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. ‎ ‎ A. Known B. Knowing C. To know D. Know ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--英语有很多词汇量，是吗？-是，了解更多的单词和短语，你会发现它更容易读和表达。这里考查固定句型：祈使句+and/or+简单句，并列关系用and，转折关系用or，选D。‎ 考点：考查特殊句式 ‎30.More and more high-speed railways have been built in China, ___ it much easier for people to travel．‎ ‎ A．to make B．made C．having made D．making ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。当to do表结果时，表示意想不到的结果；显然不符合句意，故排除A；doing 表结果时表示自然而然的结果。句意：越来越多的高铁在中国修建，给人们的出行带来了方便。having done表示这个动作要早于谓语动词的动作；done表示逻辑主语与它之间是被动关系；故排除后两者，应选D。‎