【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之六（18页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之六（18页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之六 ‎[一]‎ Here’s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this ethereal creature is on a diet. She mustn’t eat this and she mustn’t that. Oh, but of course, she doesn’t want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it’s the surest way to an early grave. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.‎ What a miserable lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for ‘health cures’. For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Don’t think it’s only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water and the goodwill of God.‎ Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well, for one thing, they’re always hungry. You can’t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. Wonderfood is a complete food, the advertisement says. ‘Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water…’. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they’re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. What utter torture it is always watching ‎ others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!‎ What’s all this self-inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings!‎ ‎1.The best title for this passage is ‎[A] On Fat. [B]We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy.‎ ‎[C] Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat.‎ ‎[D] Diet Deprives People of Normal Life.‎ ‎2. Why do they never see each other again?‎ ‎[A] Because it is a memorable evening.‎ ‎[B]Because she lets him eat as much fattening food as he wants.‎ ‎[C] Because she does not eat this and drink that.‎ ‎[D] Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave.‎ ‎3.Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet?‎ ‎[A] Doing exercises. [B]Not eating sugar.‎ ‎[C] Not eating fat. [D] Taking sauna baths.‎ ‎4.What is the author’s attitude toward diet?‎ ‎[A] Persuasive. [B]Critical.‎ ‎[C] Indifferent [D] Adversative.‎ 文章论及“减肥及痛苦”。以先声夺人的男女约会入手，引入减肥的痛苦过程：首先是各种减肥的方法（全面战斗）；其次是痛苦的难熬；最后点出减肥的目的。号召人放弃减肥。三段式文章：引言，正文和结论。以讽刺的笔调，步步深入的手法劝人放弃减肥，过愉快的生活。‎ ‎1.B 我们都该长得胖乎乎，心情愉快。这是文章的目的，也是文章最佳标题。答案见最后一段。A. 论脂肪。似乎有点儿接近文章的内容。但文章涉及到的各个方面并不是单讲脂肪食品或饮食问题。C. 许多疾病和脂肪有关。文内第一段提到这方面的问题。D. 节食剥夺了人 们正常生活。文内提到，但不是文章的总目的和内容。‎ ‎2.D吃脂肪食品早死。答案就在第一段“当他们来到饭店，他发现这位优雅的少女（飘逸的少女）是个忌口节食者。决不能吃这个，一定不能喝那个。喔，当然，她不想扫他的兴，让他想吃多少脂肪的食品就尽量吃。这是早早接近死亡的最有把握的途径。”这里传递两点信息。一个吃，一个不吃已经是格格不入，再加上“多吃脂肪东西早死亡”姑娘怎能嫁他，他一个人吃而那位姑娘瞧着，确实是难以忘怀的夜晚，他受得了？所以D是最接近不再见面的原因。‎ ‎3.B不吃糖。答案再第二段第二句开始“他们大部分时间对食品都不屑一顾。4.B批评的态度。这在第二、三段都有明显的表示。‎ ‎[二]‎ Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.‎ It found many youngsters(少年）now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “like”. Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on the web.‎ The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员）Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.‎ Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.‎ The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock. Children aged 8 to 10 were "starting to feel happy" when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were "concerned with how many people like their posts", suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.‎ Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up "worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.‎ She said: "Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school."‎ As their world expanded. she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves".‎ Miss Longfield added: "Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don't care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once."‎ ‎"For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally." The Children's Commissioner for England's study—life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.‎ However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.‎ By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.‎ However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人）or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.‎ The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区）they faced online. And she said social media companies must ‎ also "take more responsibility". They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.‎ Javed Khan, of children's charity Bamardo's, said: "It's vital that new compulsory age- appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.‎ ‎“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”‎ ‎65. Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?‎ A. They were not provided with adequate equipment.‎ B. They were not well prepared for emotional risks.‎ C. They were required to give quick responses.‎ D. They were prevented from using mobile phones.‎ ‎66. Some social app companies were to blame because .‎ A. they didn't adequately check their users' registration B. they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters C. they encouraged youngsters to post more photos D. they didn't stop youngsters from staying up late ‎67. Children's comparing themselves to others online may lead to .‎ A. less friendliness to each other B. lower self-identity and confidence C. an increase in online cheating D. a stronger desire to stay online ‎68. According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to .‎ A. circulate their posts quickly B. know the qualities of their posts C. use mobile phones for play D. get more public approval ‎69. What should parents do to solve the problem?‎ A. Communicate more with secondary schools. B. Urge media companies to create safer apps.‎ C. Keep track of children's use of social media. D. Forbid their children from visiting the web.‎ ‎70. What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A. The influence of social media on children. B. The importance of social media to children.‎ C. The problem in building a healthy relationship. D. The measure to reduce risks from social media.‎ 参考答案：65-70:BABDCA ‎[三]‎ Police recently caught the suspected Golden State Killer using a tool they could only have dreamed of decades ago, when a shocking series of murders shook California: a database filled with people’s genetic data (基因数据).‎ Police used an open-source database called GEDmatch to find relatives who matched genetic material taken from an old crime scene, then worked backward to identify and catch 72- year-old former police officer Joseph James DeAngelo.‎ GEDmatch’s 950, 000 users voluntarily upload and share their genetic information, making it accessible to others who share their own data — including law enforcement (执法). More than a dozen other similar platforms also exist. “If your relatives have contributed and you are part of even a family tree that appears online in one of these shared resources, you can be indirectly tracked through the combination of their DNA and the publicly available family history,” says Dr. Robert Green, a medical geneticist at Harvard Medical School.‎ Data sent to commercial companies like 23andMe, which has over 5 million customers, is much tougher for outsiders to access, but the case has still highlighted the issue of genetic privacy.‎ Although many genetic-testing companies have been asked to cooperate with legal investigations (调查), and clearly warn customers of this possibility, not all requests are honored. “23andMe has never given customer information to law-enforcement officials, ” a company representative told TIME.‎ The risks of keeping such sensitive data private are high. The potential for abuse exists; for example, insurance companies could theoretically use genetic data to refuse coverage (保险项目), Green says. But the systems in place to prevent misuse appear to be working. One is the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, a 2008 law that protects consumers from employment and insurance discrimination related to genetics. As long as that’s the case, Green says, the good of genetic tests outweighs the bad.‎ Sharon Zehe, a lawyer for the department of laboratory medicine and pathology at the Mayo Clinic, takes a more cautious approach. “Family tree services can be fun, but make sure you are using a reputable organization that has strong privacy policies in place, ” she says. “Genetic data is ‎ biologically as important as a fingerprint.”‎ ‎32. Who is the Golden State Killer?‎ A. Robert Green. B. Joseph James De Angelo.‎ C. The author. D. Sharon Zehe.‎ ‎33. What drives the users to upload their genetic data?‎ A. The Police’s force. B. Their relatives’ advice.‎ C. The boss’s order. D. Their own willingness.‎ ‎34. Who might misuse customers’ genetic data?‎ A. The police. B. GEDmatch. ‎ C. Insurance companies. D. 23andMe.‎ ‎35. What is the main idea of the text?‎ A. Genetic data is equal to a fingerprint.‎ B. A 72-year-old killer was put into prison.‎ C. Murders causes concern for genetic privacy.‎ D. Genetic information is shared on the Internet.‎ 参考答案：32-35 BDCC ‎[四]‎ ‎ It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rainforest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (灵长类动物) . Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldn’t have dicovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.‎ ‎ Friendship, like all relationships between two people, involves competition. It isn’t competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prize. Perhaps the ecological defintion --- the simultaneous (同时) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrinents, living space, or light --- better explains it.‎ ‎ As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwin’s theory of evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing (分类) take place. In high school, friendships learn to coexist with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstance, competition is too much of a burden for a friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a student’s fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve a similar recognition.‎ ‎ Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life. It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. A healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendships apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.‎ ‎32. What does the ecological definition mainly explain?‎ A. How to win the competition. B. What competition exactly is.‎ C. What the result of competition is. D. How friends compete with each other.‎ ‎33. According to the writer, what causes the high school students to compete?‎ A. They know the laws of nature well. B. Friendship is a burden for them.‎ C. The number of them is too large. D. They are divided into different groups.‎ ‎34. Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?‎ A. Friendship is always based on competition.‎ B. Competition is a result of lost friendship. ‎ C. C ompetition is terribly harmful to friendships.‎ D. The degree of competition is vital to friendship.‎ ‎35. What does the author think of “competition”?‎ A. Competition is certain to happen at school.‎ B. The result of competition are out of control.‎ C. Competition becomes fierces in high school.‎ D. Friendship is not as important as competition at school.‎ 参考答案：32—35 BCDA ‎[五]‎ ‎ The BBC recently released a new list detailing how much it pays its top talent. While the list suggested that there had been some progress, the reality remains somewhat depressing for women. Despite a narrowing of the BBC’s gender pay gap, the revelation caused accusations that the British broadcaster was actually moving back-ward considering that last year only the seven highest paid were men, while this year only two women ranked among the 20 highest paid.‎ ‎ The BBC’s director general, Tony Hall, said the new figures showed that the broadcaster was taking positive steps, and he emphasized that the overall goal was to get to a 50-50 split on the list. That, he acknowledged, could “take some time”.‎ ‎ The corporation, whose budget largely comes from fees paid annually by most British households, was required to reveal the salaries of its top celebrities as part of a negotiation with the British government. Several BBC hosts took pay cuts as the corporation closed the gender gap. Eight women joined the list of top-paid celebrities this year.‎ ‎ Despite the apparent progress, some critics accused the BBC of slipping since the number of highest male earners has increased.‎ ‎ Ms. Gracie resigned after learning that her male counterparts（对等的人）earned at least 50 percent more than her. She remained at the BBC, however, saying that she would return to her post only when she was paid equally.‎ ‎ “This report sets out a true reflection of everything we’ve heard from those who’ve contributed to the work,” said Donalda MacKinnon, the director of BBC Scotland. “We commit to taking forward the recommendations that will bring a step-change in gender equality at the BBC.”‎ ‎ But women’s rights advocates said that the broadcaster still had work to do. “The organization is clearly still a long way from valuing women as much as it values men,” said Sophie Walker, leader of the Women’s Equality Party. “Handling pay inequality means not just equal pay for equal work and talent, but also understanding the barriers that stop women from equally accessing work.”‎ 32. What was the list the BBC released about?‎ ‎ A. The narrow income gap between its employees.‎ ‎ B. Ways some women became its top broadcasters.‎ ‎ C. Highest paid professions with sex discrimination.‎ ‎ D. Detailed salary information of its top broadcasters.‎ ‎33. What message did Tony Hall want to convey through his words?‎ A. BBC has made great progress paying with gender equality.‎ ‎ B. Some hosts had offered to have their pay cut to close gender gap.‎ ‎ C. Accusations of the BBC paying system had long unfairly existed.‎ ‎ D. BBC has a tight budget collecting fees from common households.‎ ‎34. Why did some critics accuse BBC?‎ ‎ A. Women’s right advocates have been ignored there.‎ ‎ B. It doesn’t value men as much as it values women.‎ ‎ C. It’s a bit going back in paying with gender equality.‎ ‎ D. It negotiates unfairly with its highest paid men employees.‎ ‎35. What did Sophie think should be understood about pay inequality?‎ ‎ A. How we should value the talent of an employee creatively.‎ ‎ B. What prevents women from having equal access to work.‎ ‎ C. What is the reflection of whether one is devoted to work.‎ ‎ D. How women can earn as much as their male counterparts.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎ 本文是一篇议论文。在英国广播公司最近公布的顶尖主持人的薪水报告中，人们发现高薪的男性人数比女性多，其中前20名最高薪水的人员中只有两名女性，人们由此指责BBC在男女同工同酬方面在倒退，而BBC公司则不这样认为。‎ ‎32.D 细节理解题。第一段说，英国广播公司公布了一个新名单，详细列举了其顶尖播音员的薪水细节，因此选D。‎ ‎33.A 推理判断题。第二段托尼说，公布的这些数据表明，BBC已经在采取积极的举措，并且最终目标是实现名单上的平等分配，由此推断选A。‎ ‎34.C 细节理解题。第四段说，有些批评者说，BBC在倒退(slipping)，因为得到最高薪水的女性人数下降了。‎ ‎35.B 细节理解题。最后一段索菲说，要应对同工不同酬的问题，我们不仅要考虑同工同酬，还要了解阻挠女性有平等工作机会的那些阻碍，因此选B。‎ ‎[六]‎ Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning（胎教）, birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Adrances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.‎ This educational method was first z observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Femake Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their errs, when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—around that served as their regular “feed me!” call.‎ To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.‎ It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their errs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.” As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?” Kleindorfer asks.” Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”‎ ‎58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ ”.‎ A.be the worst B. be the best C.be the as bad D. be just as good ‎59.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?‎ A.Similarities between the calls moms and chicks.‎ B.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.‎ C.The data collected from Queensland’s locals.‎ D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.‎ ‎60.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which .‎ A. can receive quality signals B. are in need of training C. fit the environment better D. make the loudest call 参考答案：58-60:BAC ‎[七]‎ Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.‎ Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse ‎ another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. ‎ Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.‎ Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.‎ ‎61. The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.‎ A. usually has a biological basis B. varies among people C. is socially and culturally shaped D. influences one’s thinking and evaluation ‎62. What changes can be found in an angry brain? ‎ A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.‎ B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.‎ C. Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.‎ D. Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.‎ ‎63. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?‎ A. Approaching the source of anger. B. Trying to control what is disliked.‎ C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.‎ ‎64. What is the key message of the last paragraph?‎ A. How anger differs from other emotions. B. How anger relates to other emotions.‎ C. Be havioural responses to anger. D. Behavioural patterns of anger.‎ 参考答案：61-64:CBAD ‎[八]‎ Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.‎ Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.‎ People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.‎ Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training ‎ methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.‎ Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.‎ ‎61. People volunteer mainly out of ______.‎ A. academic requirements B. social expectations C. financial rewards D. internal needs ‎62. What can we learn from the Florida study?‎ A. Follow-up studies should last for one year. B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.‎ C. Strategy training is a must in research. D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.‎ ‎63. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?‎ A. Individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.‎ C. Role identity as a volunteer. D. Practical advice from researchers.‎ ‎64. What is the best title of the passage?‎ A. How to Get People to Volunteer B. How to Study Volunteer Behaviors C. How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities 参考答案：61-64:DBCA ‎[九]‎ A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust（反垄断）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in ‎ question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants（巨头）that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.‎ Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.‎ But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.‎ This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.‎ The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.‎ The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to consumers what information they ‎ hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds ‎ of data, with users' consent.‎ Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if governments don't wants a data economy by a few giants, they must act soon.  ‎ ‎61.Why is there a call to break up giants?‎ A. They have controlled the data market B. They collect enormous private data C. They no longer provide free services D. They dismissed some new-born giants ‎62.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?‎ A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position D. Data can be turned into new services or products ‎ ‎63.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could .‎ A. kill a new threat B. avoid the size trap C. favour bigger firms D. charge higher prices ‎64.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?‎ A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.‎ B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.‎ C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.‎ D. Small companies could get more opportunities.‎ 参考答案：61-64:ACBD ‎[十]‎ Freedom and Responsibility Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.‎ ‎ Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.‎ ‎ In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.‎ ‎ But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.‎ ‎ Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.‎ ‎ But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to:“The ‎ capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.‎ ‎65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Countries where their people need help.‎ B. Powerful states with higher civilization.‎ C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.‎ D. Governments ruled with absolute power.‎ ‎66. People believing in freedom are those who________.‎ A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary object C. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity ‎67. What change in attitude took place in Athens?‎ A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.‎ B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.‎ C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.‎ D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.‎ ‎68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A. Athens would continue to be free.‎ B. Athens would cease to have freedom.‎ C. Freedom would come from responsibility.‎ D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.‎ ‎69. Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?‎ A. The author is hopeful about freedom.‎ B. The author is cautious about self-government.‎ C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.‎ D. The author is proud of man’s capacity.‎ ‎70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?‎ A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.‎ B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.‎ C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.‎ D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.‎ 参考答案：65-70: DCABAD