2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit2Healthyeating单元学案（41页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit2Healthyeating单元学案（41页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit2Healthy eating单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．muscle n．　　　　　　　　　 肌肉；(食用)瘦肉 ‎2．digest vi.&vt.[纵联1] 消化 n. 摘要；概要 ‎3．glare vi.‎ n．　　[纵联2] 怒目而视；闪耀怒视；炫目的光 ‎4．spy vi.&vt. 窥探；秘密监视 n. 间谍；侦探 ‎5．roast adj. 烤制的 vt.&vi. 烤；烘；烘烤 ‎6．obesity n. 过度肥胖 ‎7．garlic n. 大蒜 ‎8．peach n. 桃子 ‎9．breast n. 胸部；乳房 ‎10．fibre n. 纤维；纤维制品 ‎11．vitamin n. 维生素 ‎12．protein n. 蛋白质 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．diet n. 日常饮食 vi. 节食 ‎2．slim vi. 变细；减肥 adj. 苗条的；纤细的 ‎3．lie n. 谎话；谎言 vi. 说谎 ‎4．customer n. 顾客；消费者 ‎5．consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量；查阅 ‎6．sigh vi. 叹息；叹气 n. 叹息； 叹息声 ‎7．debt_n. 债；债务 ‎8．hostess n. 女主人；女主持人 ‎9．discount n．[纵联3] 折扣 ‎10．fry vt.&vi. 油煎；油炸 ‎11．raw adj. 生的；未加工的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．balance n．天平；平衡 vt.平衡；权衡→balanced adj.均衡的 ‎2．curiosity n．好奇心→curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地 ‎3．weakness n．缺点；虚弱；弱点→weak adj.虚弱的[纵联4]‎ ‎4．strength n．强项；长处；力量→strengthen vt.加强；巩固→strong adj.强壮的；坚强的 ‎5．limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度→limited adj.有限的→limitation ‎ n．限制 ‎6．benefit n．利益；好处 vt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益→beneficial adj.有益的 ‎7．combine vt.&vi.(使)联合；(使)结合→combination n．结合；联合[纵联5]‎ ‎ ‎ 纵联1.“餐饮”行业很火爆 ‎①digest vt.&vi.消化 ②diet vi.节食 ‎③swallow vt.吞下；咽下 ④chew vt.咀嚼 ‎⑤taste vt./link. 品尝；有……的味道 纵联2.不“看”不知道，一“看”真奇妙 ‎①glare vi.&n.怒目而视 ②stare vi.&n.凝视 ‎③glance vi.&n.扫视；一瞥 ④witness vt.&n.目击(者)‎ ‎⑤observe vt.&vi.观察 ⑥watch vt.看 ‎⑦have a look at看一看 纵联3.与“购物”相关的名词一览 ‎①discount折扣 ②customer顾客 ‎③consumer消费者 ④supermarket超市 ‎⑤bargain便宜货 纵联4.以ness为后缀的常见名词荟萃 ‎①weakness虚弱；弱点；缺点 ②kindness仁慈；好意 ‎③carelessness粗心大意 ④awareness意识 ‎⑤sickness疾病 ⑥sadness悲哀；悲伤 纵联5.combine反义词、同义词集锦 ‎①separate vt.使分离 ②divide v．分开 ‎③split vt.分离；使分离 ④unite v．联合 ‎⑤link v．联合 ⑥associate v．联合 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——健康饮食 子话题1　肉食 ‎①chop n．猪排 ②beef n．牛肉 ‎③mutton n．羊肉 ④pork n．猪肉 ‎⑤steak n．牛排；肉排；鱼排 ⑥sausage n．香肠；腊肠 子话题2　粮食与主食 ‎①cuisine n．饭菜；菜肴 ②soybean n．大豆；黄豆 ‎③flour n．面粉；谷物磨成的粉 ④toast n．烤面包片；吐司 ‎⑤dumpling n．饺子 ⑥pancake n．薄煎饼 ‎⑦porridge n．稀饭；粥 ⑧beancurd n．豆腐 子话题3　零食及其他 ‎①chips n．(pl.) 炸土豆条(片)；炸薯条 ‎②butter n. 黄油；奶油 ‎③honey n. 蜂蜜 ‎④chocolate n. 巧克力 ‎⑤popcorn n. 爆玉米花 ‎⑥sauce n. 酱；调味汁 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2016•全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the __❶__ (limit) choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a __❷__ (curious) than anything else.‎ ‎①用limit的适当形式填空：limited ‎②用curious的适当形式填空：curiosity ‎2．(2014•辽宁高考阅读D)Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees (雇员) and profits (利润) of over $2 million per year. He’s never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer❶ screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter，” he told her. “Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong❷ as you want to be.”‎ ‎①写出加黑词在句中的含义：顾客 ‎②写出strong在本单元中的名词形式：strength；“优缺点”的表达为 strengths_and_weaknesses 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)了解中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。‎ ‎①Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will benefit you greatly.(benefit vt.)‎ ‎②Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be of great benefit to you.(benefit n．)‎ ‎③Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be very beneficial to you.‎ ‎(beneficial)‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)为了强身健体，我们经常在学校的体育场馆组织各种各样的活动，例如：打篮球、乒乓球等。(strength)‎ To_build_up_our_strength,_we_often_hold_all_kinds_of_activities,_such_as_playing_basketball_and_table_tennis,_in_the_school_gymnasium.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．balance n．天平；平衡；账户余额vt.平衡；权衡 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)keep the balance of nature　　 保持生态平衡 keep one’s balance 保持平衡 lose one’s balance 失去平衡 ‎(2)balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B ‎(3)balanced adj. 均衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Before making the final decision, you’d better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.‎ ‎②My suggestion is that you should try to_balance (balance) your diet by eating more fruit and less meat.‎ ‎③You’d better keep a balanced (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.‎ 熟词生义　写出加彩单词在语境中的含义 ‎④I must check my bank balance before I decide to buy the car.账户余额 ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤你太努力工作了，你最好在工作和放松之间保持平衡。‎ You are_working_too_hard._You’d_better_keep_a_balance_between_work_and_relaxation.‎ ‎2．lie v．说谎；躺下；位于 n．谎言；谎话 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)tell a lie/lies (to sb.)　　　 (向某人)撒谎；说谎话 a white lie 一个善意的谎言 ‎(2)lie to sb. 向某人撒谎 lie in 位于；在于 lie down 躺下 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①My mother won’t have me lying (lie) to her no matter what happens.‎ ‎②The survivors lay (lie) on the beach, exhausted and shocked.‎ ‎③The moment the bell rang, he laid (lay) the book and rushed out of the classroom.‎ ‎④The town lies (lie) on the coast with amazing scenery, which attracts many visitors every year.‎ ‎⑤He didn’t finish his homework last night so he told lies (lie)．‎ ‎[辨清]‎ 单词 词性 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie vi. 说谎 lied lied lying lie vi. 躺下；位于 lay lain lying lay vt. 放置；下蛋 laid laid laying ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥毫无疑问，这个候选人的优势在于他用英语和外国人交流的能力。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that_this_candidate’s_advantage_lies_in_his_ability_to_communicate_with_foreigners_in_English.‎ ‎3．strength n．[C]长处；强项 [U]力量；体力 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)build up one’s strength/body　　 强身健体 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 The strength of ... is that ... ……的优点是……‎ ‎(2)strengthen vt.&vi. 加强；巩固 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As a good teacher, you should know your students’ strengths (strength) and weaknesses.‎ ‎②(2017•北京高考)One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen (strong) new memories.‎ ‎③The strength of riding bikes is that it can build up our strength.‎ 单句改错 ‎④The ability to keep calm is one of his strength. strength→strengths ‎[用准]　表示“优点和缺点”时，strength, weakness常用复数形式。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2015•四川高考书面表达)此外，语文一直是我所有课程中的强项。‎ Besides,_Chinese_has_always_been_my_strength_among_all_the_subjects.‎ ‎4．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)limit ... to ...　　　　　 把……限制在……内 ‎(2)beyond the limit 超过限度 within the limits of 在……范围内 set a limit to sth. 对……规定限度 there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的 ‎(3)limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Set a limit to the number of tasks you take on each day and stick to it.‎ ‎②He was born in a poor family, and only received limited (limit) education in his childhood.‎ ‎③Life is limited, but there is no limit to serving (serve) the people.‎ 单句改错 ‎④As we all know, a lack of formal education will limit to your job opportunities.去掉to ‎[用准]　上述搭配中to均为介词，后跟名词或v.ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2015•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)文章的长度应限制在400词左右。‎ The_length_of_the_article_should_be_limited_to_400_words_or_so.‎ ‎5．benefit n．好处；利益；优势vt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)benefit from/by ...　 从……中受益；得益于……‎ ‎(2)for the benefit of 为了……的利益 ‎(3)beneficial adj. 有益的；有利的 be beneficial to ... 对……有益；有益于(to为介词)‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①As we all know, books are the source of knowledge, from which I benefit a lot.‎ ‎②As everyone knows, sports are beneficial (benefit) to building our strength.‎ ‎③If I am lucky enough to be elected, I will make every effort to serve for the benefit of students and our club.‎ ‎[用准]　benefit一般为不可数名词，但意为“具体的好处”时是可数名词。‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 ‎(2016•天津高考书面表达)你们来我们学校参加交流项目已经两周了，这项活动让我们所有人都受益。‎ ‎④It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which_has_benefited_all_of_us. (benefit vt.)‎ ‎⑤It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which_has_been_of_benefit_to_all_of_us. (benefit n．)‎ ‎⑥It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which_has_been_beneficial_to_all_of_us.(beneficial adj.)‎ ‎6．combine vt.&vi.(使)联合；(使)结合 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)combine ... with/and ...　 把……与……结合起来 combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事 ‎(2)combination n. 结合；联合；组合；‎ ‎ 联合体；结合物 in combination (with) (与……)联合/结合 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)The study of traditions should be_combined (combine) with practice.‎ ‎②It was several factors that combined to_harm (harm) our friendship.‎ ‎③The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④如果他能把自己的才能和勤奋结合起来，他应该会非常成功的。‎ If_he_can_combine_his_ability_with/and_hard_work,_he_should_be_very_successful.‎ ‎[联想]　表示“把……与……相连接”的短语还有：connect ... with/to ...; associate ... with ...; link ... with/to ...; relate ... to ...等。‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Telling lies (谎言) frequently makes him unpopular among his classmates.‎ ‎2．When he was running after his brother, he lost his balance (平衡) and ‎ had a bad fall.‎ ‎3．It is wise of you to consult (咨询) your parents before you make decisions.‎ ‎4．If you place orders now, we would give you a 5% discount (折扣)．‎ ‎5．If your knowledge can be combined (结合) with your experience, you’re sure to succeed.‎ ‎6．The patient is recovering slowly; therefore, you had better choose some foods which digest (消化) more easily.‎ ‎7．Please think about your own strengths (长处) and weaknesses, and don’t always put the blame on others.‎ ‎8．As we all know, she is a person who doesn’t like to be in debt (债务) to anyone.‎ ‎9．His kind wife treated us to a delicious dinner and we all considered her to a super hostess (女主人)．‎ ‎10．It is known that the Japanese often eat raw (生的) fish, which most Chinese people may think is unhealthy.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Only when our theory is_combined (combine) with practice can the former become reliable knowledge.‎ ‎2．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the importance of a balanced (balance) diet to their health.‎ ‎3．It is known to all that fresh air and good food are beneficial (benefit) to ‎ the health.‎ ‎4．He consulted a number of books about the subject in the library before he gave his speech.‎ ‎5．We were curious (curiosity) to know why he dressed up for such an informal party.‎ ‎6．In my opinion, we should limit our expense to what we can afford.‎ ‎7．The clothes in this shop will be sold at a discount for season reasons.‎ ‎8．You could see from his expression that he was lying to us.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．As we all know, there is no limit to help the people in trouble.help→helping ‎2．It is said that yoga is of great beneficial to human health.beneficial→benefit ‎3．Frying things are considered unhealthy food.Frying→Fried ‎4．The two fools just stood there, glared at each other and saying nothing.glared→glaring ‎5．He has to avoid fat because his body can’t digest for it.去掉for_‎ Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．在发展经济的过程中，我们必须要注意保持生态平衡。(balance)‎ In the course of the economic development, we must pay attention to keeping the balance of nature. ‎ ‎2．咨询老师之后，我下定决心主修英语。(consult)‎ ‎①After_I_consulted_my_teacher,_I made up my mind to major in English.(时间状语从句)‎ ‎②Having_consulted_my_teacher,_I made up my mind to major in English.(分词作状语)‎ ‎3．练中国功夫(kungfu)不仅能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。(strength)‎ ‎①Practising Chinese kungfu can not_only_build_up_one’s_strength_but_also develop one’s character.‎ ‎②Not_only_can_practising_Chinese_kungfu_build_up_one’s_strength_but_also develop one’s character.(倒装句)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．lose_weight　　 　 　　 体重减轻；减肥 ‎2．get_away_with 受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚 ‎3．win_..._back 赢回；重新获得 ‎4．earn_one’s_living 谋生 ‎5．in_debt [串记1] 欠债 ‎6．cut_down [串记2] 削减；删节 ‎7．before_long 不久以后 ‎8．put_on_weight 增加体重 ‎9．glare_at 怒目而视 ‎10．throw_away 扔掉；丢弃 ‎11．tell_a_lie 说谎 ‎12．ought_to 应当；应该 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“in＋n.”表示“处于……之中”‎ ‎①in debt欠债　　　　　　　 ②in trouble在困境中 ‎③in danger处于危险中 ④in progress正在进展中 ‎⑤in surprise吃惊地 ⑥in fashion正在流行 串记2.“v.＋down”短语荟萃 ‎①cut down 削减；删节 ‎②bring down 降低 ‎③slow down 慢下来 ‎④break down 出故障；身体累垮 ‎⑤turn down 拒绝；关小 ‎⑥settle down 定居；平静下来 ‎⑦cool down 冷静下来 ‎⑧lay down 放下(武器)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．keep fit 保持健康 ‎2．balanced diet 平衡膳食 ‎3．be full of 充满 ‎4．be amazed at 对……感到惊讶 ‎5．do some research 做一些调查 ‎6．regular customers 常客；老主顾 ‎7．the other day 前几天 ‎8．raw vegetables 生蔬菜 ‎ ‎ ‎1．“Nothing_could_be_better，” he thought.‎ 他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”‎ ‎2．He could not have_Yong_Hui_getting away with telling people lies!‎ 他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉！‎ ‎3．According to my research, neither_your_restaurant_nor mine offers a balanced diet.‎ 根据我的研究，你我两家餐馆所提供的都不是均衡膳食。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子/词汇替换)‎ ‎1．(2016•10月浙江高考完形填空)Then I asked him if he had cut_down (减少) the amount of feed he had given the chickens. He was shocked.‎ ‎2．(2018•江苏高考任务型阅读)Artists make a living through their creative work.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)earn_a_living 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全/翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•北京高考书面表达)You ought_to (应当) learn some basic ‎ Chinese before you come, which may make you adjust yourself to the life in Beijing.‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)就我个人而言，在我们日常生活中身体健康最重要。(否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义)‎ From_my_point_of_view,_nothing_is_more_important_than_health_in_our_daily_life.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．get away with受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚 ‎[记牢]‎ get away (from)　 　 　 (从……)脱离；摆脱(……)‎ get along/on with 与……相处；进展 get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真地做某事 get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来 get through 完成；接通电话；通过 get across (to sb.) (向某人)解释清楚；使(某人)了解 ‎[练通]　用get的相关短语填空 ‎①Every now and then I like to spend a few days in the country to get_away_from the noise and pollution of London.‎ ‎②I rang him several times this morning but could not get_through to him.‎ ‎③If we can get_over present difficulties, then everything should be all right.‎ ‎④It took a long time to get_across to the workers the way the machine worked.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤我们的英语老师严格要求我们，他绝不允许我们在考试中的作弊行为不受处罚。‎ Our_English_teacher_is_very_strict_with_us._He_won’t_have_us_getting_away_with_cheating_in_the_exam.‎ ‎2．cut down削减；删节；减少；砍倒；降低；杀死 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中cut down的含义 ‎①Every one of us can make a great effort to cut down the use of energy in our country.减少；削减 ‎②Immediate action should be taken, like stopping cutting down trees, to better the environment.砍倒 ‎③Hunger, cold and illness have cut down many of the villagers.杀死 ‎[记牢]‎ cut in　　　　　　　　 插话；(马达或发动机)发动 cut up 切碎；切开 cut out 删除；(马达或发动机)突然熄火 cut through 开辟(出路或通道)‎ cut off 切断；中止；隔绝 ‎[练通]　用cut的相关短语填空 ‎④I’d feel very cut_off if I didn’t know what was happening in the world.‎ ‎⑤Cut_up the carrots before you put them into the pot.‎ ‎⑥She kept cutting_in on our conversation, which made us very angry.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑦众所周知，吸烟对我们的健康有害，你最好戒烟或者至少减少吸烟量。‎ As_is_known_to_us,_smoking_is_harmful_to_our_health._You’d_better_quit_smoking_or_at_least_cut_down_the_amount_of_smoking.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义 ‎[教材原句]　“Nothing_could_be_better，” he thought.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard a_better_one before.‎ 你的故事太完美了，我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。‎ ‎(2)Tom is taller_than_any_other_student in our class.‎ 汤姆是我们班最高的学生。‎ ‎(3)You can_never_be_too_careful while crossing the street.‎ 过马路时，你越小心越好。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎(1)否定词＋比较级“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等 ‎(2)比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词(all) the other＋复数名词anyone elseany of the other＋复数名词the rest of ‎＋复数名词或不可　数名词 ‎(3)can/could＋never/not＋be＋形容词/副词＋enoughtoo＋形容词/副词 ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2015•湖南高考写作)As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.(要点句)作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。‎ ‎(2)As far as I’m concerned, nothing is more important than hard study.(要点句)‎ 就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。‎ ‎2．can’t have sb. doing sth.“不允许某人做某事”‎ ‎[教材原句]　He could_not_have_Yong_Hui_getting away with telling people lies!‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)You can’t have your children running (run) around in the house.‎ ‎(2)There is no need to worry about. I will have Tom pick (pick) you up at the airport.‎ ‎(3)(2016•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I intended to take up a parttime job, through which I can have my horizons broadened (broaden)．‎ ‎(4)(2017•天津高考)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to_catch (catch)．‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)have sb. doing sth.意为“允许某人做某事”时，常用于否定句中；意为“让某人一直做某事”时，强调动作的持续性 ‎(2)have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 ‎(3)have sth. done让/叫别人做某事；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；使某事完成 ‎(4)have sth. to do有事情要做(不定式作定语)‎ 注意事项 该句型解题的关键在于搞明白have 的含义。‎ ‎(1)have是使役动词就要考虑have sb. doing; have sb. do; have sth. Done ‎(2)have是及物动词“有”含义时，就要考虑have sth. to do ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2016•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I’m terribly sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have an important meeting to attend that afternoon.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)I won’t have you making the same mistake again and again.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 win back， cut down， get away with， in debt， before long， earn one's living ‎1．The man ought to be fired. You shouldn’t let him get_away_with stealing from the shop.‎ ‎2．He worked hard to win_back his boss’ trust and respect.‎ ‎3．He has been out of work for six months, so he has difficulty earning_his_living.‎ ‎4．You smoke too much. You should try to cut_down properly in order to keep healthy.‎ ‎5．Before_long,_he decided to return to the small village where he once lived to help those poor children.‎ ‎6．Since his mother has been ill for a long time, he is heavily in_debt.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。(否定词＋比较级)‎ It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody_was_happier_than_I_was.‎ ‎2．约翰和汤姆都不知道怎样拼写这个单词。(neither ... nor ...)‎ Neither_John_nor_Tom_knows how to spell the word.‎ ‎3．他既善良又乐于助人，你再怎么表扬他都不为过。(表示最高级的特殊结构)‎ He is so kind and helpful; you can’t_praise_him_too_much.‎ ‎4．我不允许你用粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。(can’t have sb. doing sth.)‎ I can’t_have_you_speaking_to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，是一名高中生。最近，你的笔友Amy 给你寄来一封信，说她因发胖而感到非常苦恼。请根据下列写作要点给她写一封建议信。内容包括：‎ ‎1．注意饮食合理，营养均衡；‎ ‎2．经常锻炼，保证睡眠充足；‎ ‎3．调整心态。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Amy，‎ ‎ 　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 　‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作属于建议信，时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第二人称为主。文章可分三个方面：首先对得知Amy因发胖而感到非常苦恼表示遗憾，之后点明写信的目的，引出建议；主体部分是建议的具体内容，可从①注意饮食合理，营养均衡；②经常锻炼，保证睡眠充足；③调整心态三个要点来陈述；最后是希望建议对对方有帮助。‎ 要点1－①：非常遗憾得知你因发胖而伤心。‎ I’m_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_upset_because_you_have_put_on_weight.‎ 要点1－②：下面是如何保持身体健康的建议。‎ The_following_are_some_tips_on_how_to_keep_fit.‎ 要点2－①：为了保持身体健康，你需要有健康均衡的饮食。‎ To_keep_healthy,_you_need_have_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet.‎ 要点2－②：经常锻炼、有充足的睡眠是非常重要的。‎ It_is_important_to_take_regular_exercise_and_have_enough_sleep.‎ 要点2－③：没有必要担心你的体重，身体健康最重要。‎ There_is_no_need_to_worry_about_your_weight._Nothing_is_as_important_as_health.‎ 要点3：我希望我的建议将会对你有帮助。‎ I_hope_my_tips_will_be_helpful_to_you.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行拓展，适当增加一些细节，运用一些高级句式进行表达，让要点在内容上和形式上更丰满。对要点2－①增加“饮食方面的禁忌”；要点2－②增加“锻炼和充足睡眠的好处”；要点3可用“do＋动词原形”强调结构进行句式升级。‎ 拓展要点2－①：为了保持身体健康，你应该有健康、均衡的饮食。不要吃很容易让你发胖的含糖和脂肪太多的食物。(contain，定语从句)‎ To_keep_healthy,_you_need_have_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet.Don’t_eat_the_food_containing_too_much_sugar_and_fat,_which_will_make_you_put_on_weight_easily.‎ 拓展要点2－②：经常锻炼、有充足的睡眠是非常重要的。像骑车和散步这类的运动能使你保持体形，充足的睡眠使你的身体得到放松。(keep sb. in shape)‎ It_is_important_to_take_regular_exercise_and_have_enough_sleep.Sports_like_riding_and_walking__can_help_keep_you_in_shape.Enough_sleep_makes_your_body_relaxed.‎ 升级要点3：的确希望我的建议会对你有帮助。(do表示强调)‎ I_do_hope_my_tips_will_be_helpful_to_you.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本篇写作整体可采用“三段式”作文结构。根据语篇表达中的逻辑关系，在介绍建议内容时可添加连接词：first of all， besides，last but not least，以使文章衔接顺畅，过渡自然；用Best wishes！结尾表达对对方的祝愿。‎ Dear Amy，‎ I’m_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_upset_because_you_have_put_on_weight.The_following_are_some_tips_on_how_to_keep_fit.‎ First_of_all,_to_keep_healthy,_you_need_have_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet.Don’t_eat_the_food_containing_too_much_sugar_and_fat,_which_will_make_you_put_on_weight_easily.Besides,_it_is_important_to_take_‎ regular_exercise_and_have_enough_sleep.Sports_like_riding_and_walking_can_help_keep_you_in_shape.Enough_sleep_makes_your_body_relaxed._Last_but_not_least,_there_is_no_need_to_worry_about_your_weight._Nothing_is_as_important_as_health.‎ I_do_hope_my_tips_will_be_helpful_to_you.Best_wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ 理清文体结构之(十二)　说明文之人物类——抓说明方法，巧用行文结构解题 人物类说明文往往突出人物的重要贡献或历史地位，这一点往往从文章的主题句中体现出来。在说明人物的过程中会使用各种说明方法，这些方法对理解全文有着很大帮助，也是高考命题的切入点。另外，文章的行文结构也至关重要，依据行文结构可预知文章大意，对解题大有益处。‎ ‎[抓人物说明方法，理行文结构] [高考典例]　2018•浙江卷•A篇 [读文解题技法]‎ ‎ 对比出生前去世后 影响 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steampowered printing press ‎ was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.‎ In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.→比喻 How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them.It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to ‎ understand how he made himself a lasting one.→主题句 1.略读全文知行文结构 本文的三个并列结构为：‎ ‎(1)狄更斯出生前英国小说的现状。‎ ‎(2)狄更斯去世后人们对他的评价。‎ ‎(3)狄更斯对英国文学的影响。‎ ‎2.跳读全文标说明方法 ‎(1)对比 通过狄更斯出生前及去世后英国小说的现状对比，说明他在英国文学中的重要性。‎ ‎(2)比喻 第二段最后一句为比喻句，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样。‎ ‎3.速读查找文章主题句 速读文章，可知最后一段最后一句为主题句。‎ ‎[利用方法巧解题]‎ ‎21．Which of the following best describes ？‎ A．They were difficult to understand. B．They were popular among the rich.‎ C．They were seen as nearly worthless. D．They were written mostly by women.‎ ‎22．Dickens is in the text to stress________.‎ A．his reputation in France B．his interest in modern art C．his success in publication D．his importance in literature ‎23．What is the author’s in writing the text?‎ A．To remember a great writer. B．To introduce an English novel.‎ C．To encourage studies on culture. D．To promote values of the Victorian age.‎ ‎21．18世纪英国小说――→定位狄更斯出生前的现状，分析第一段最后一句得出答案。‎ ‎22．和《蒙娜丽莎》对比――→定位第二段中的“比喻”句，即可推知答案。‎ ‎23．写文目的――→定位第三段中的“主题句”，即可推知答案。‎ ‎[答案]　21.C　22.D　23.A ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 Watching what you eat can be easier said than done, but a recent study shows it might not just be about what’s on your plate — it could be about how quickly it disappears.‎ Japanese researchers followed 1,083 adults for five years, splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, ‎ ‎ and fast. They also answered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study, sharing their diet, physical activity, and medical history. In the beginning, none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome(新陈代谢综合征) — meaning at least three risk factors — which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes.‎ When the participants reported back five years later, 84 had been diagnosed (诊断) with metabolic syndrome — and their eating speed was a major predictor, according to the results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow and normal eaters.Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, compared to 11.6 percent of fast eaters. But that’s not all. Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters.‎ The researchers say gobbling makes it easier not to take notice of fullness before your body has a chance to signal you to stop.“So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat，” said Takayuki Yamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement.‎ Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too. One study of New Zealand women found fast eaters have higher bodymass indexes (指数), and a Chinese study found that both healthy and fat men ate less when told to chew 40 times instead of 15 times before swallowing. Initial research even suggests chewing your food longer ‎ could burn more calories — up to about 1,000 extra every month.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究证明，不只吃什么影响健康，吃的速度也影响健康。‎ ‎1．What are the participants divided by?‎ A．Medical history.　　　　 　B．Health condition.‎ C．Physical activity. D．Eating speed.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast”可知，按照参与者吃饭的速度，研究者将他们分为吃得慢、正常、快三个类别。‎ ‎2．Which may be the result of the study?‎ A．Fast eaters are 4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.‎ B．Normal and slow eaters don’t have metabolic illness.‎ C．89% of fast eaters have higher blood pressure.‎ D．Slow eaters are healthier than fast eaters.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters.”可知，比起吃得慢的人，吃得快的人体重增加更多、腰围更大、血糖水平也更高，反向推知，吃得慢的人比吃得快的人更健康。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “gobbling ” in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A．Tasting slowly. B．Digesting quickly.‎ C．Eating greedily. D．Cooking carefully.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat”可知，吃得快可能会让人吃得过多。所以这个词的意思应是“狼吞虎咽地吃”，故选C项。‎ ‎4．What does the last paragraph tell us?‎ A．The importance of eating speed.‎ B．The advantage of eating slowly.‎ C．The result of a Chinese study.‎ D．Fast eating and overeating.‎ 解析：选B　段落大意题。根据文章最后一段的中心句“Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too.”及下文内容可知，本段主要讲吃得慢的好处。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•合肥市高三质检)When we were kids, we didn’t think of success or failure in the way we think now. At that time we dived straight into__1__.‎ In high school, I developed a preference for art.__2__， I studied really hard about other things，__3__ for a successful career in information science. __4__ everybody was supporting me in continuing on the “path of success”， I felt really __5__ inside. Deep down I knew, I’m not this person everybody thinks I am — my heart was__6__for something more meaningful. I wanted to do __7__.‎ My final year at college was also a __8__. I didn’t manage to __9__ in ‎ time with my generation. Then I tried animation, design, and even music __10__for a while, so different from the career that I was always __11__ to do.Needless to say, such “creative” __12__ brought me much satisfaction, but I was running out of money. I was stuck in a __13__ — finding a job or finishing my degree, __14__ I made good progress at neither of them. I realized that just a strong __15__will not bring me across the river. I had to do the work with my own hands.‎ One day, a former high school teacher met me on the street. He was __16__ to hear I, one of his top students, wasn’t doing well. He then __17__ me to find my first job as a game developer. After starting work, my life started to improve.‎ ‎__18__， I can see my goals and dreams have remarkably __19__ over the years. I often remind myself that although some dreams may__20__， you can always have your passion reborn again.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述自己在成长过程中的学习经历告诉我们：虽然有些梦想可能会消失，但通过努力你仍可以让你的激情再生。‎ ‎1．A.safety　　　　　　　 　B．adventures C．agreement D．conflicts 解析：选B　根据上文“When we were kids, we didn’t think of success or failure in the way we think now.”及下文中“我”的经历可知，那时我们直接投身于冒险(adventures)中。‎ ‎2．A.Instead B．Otherwise C．Thus D．However 解析：选D　根据空前的“In high school, I developed a preference for art.”及空后的“I studied really hard about other things”可知，前后之间形成转折关系。however “然而”符合语境。‎ ‎3．A.competing B．calling C．aiming D．accounting 解析：选C　根据空前的“I studied really hard about other things”可知，此处是指“我”的目标(aiming)是在信息科学领域取得成功。‎ ‎4．A.Although B．Since C．As D．If 解析：选A　根据下文内容可知，此处指虽然(Although)大家都支持“我”继续走这种“成功之路”，但“我”内心感觉非常空虚的(empty)。‎ ‎5．A.confident B．angry C．peaceful D．empty 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．A.beating B．bleeding C．aching D．answering 解析：选C　根据上文并结合下文“I wanted to do __7__.”可知，“我”并不是大家想象的那样，“我”内心渴望(aching)着更有意义的东西。‎ ‎7．A.science B．art C．sports D．business 解析：选B　根据上文“In high school, I developed a preference for art.”及下文内容可知，此处为原词复现，即“我”想去学习艺术(art)。‎ ‎8．A.success B．mess C．relief D．panic 解析：选B　根据下文“I didn’t manage to __9__ in time with my generation.”可知，此处表示“我”大学的最后一年也是一团糟(mess)。‎ ‎9．A.apply B．balance C．graduate D．drop 解析：选C　根据下文中的“I was stuck ...finding a job or finishing my degree”可知，“我”没能及时和“我”同届的人一起毕业(graduate)。‎ ‎10．A.randomly B．wisely C．secretly D．suddenly 解析：选A　根据下文“so different from the career that I was always __11__ to do”可知，此处指然后“我”试着学习动画制作、设计，甚至随意地(randomly)学习了一段时间的音乐，和“我”一直想要从事的职业如此不同。‎ ‎11．A.reminded B．allowed C．ordered D．meant 解析：选D　参见上题解析。be meant to do sth.“意欲做某事”，符合语境。‎ ‎12．A.breakthroughs B．designs C．routines D．exchanges 解析：选A　根据上文“Then I tried ...for a while”和下文“brought me much satisfaction”可知，这些“创新性的”突破(breakthroughs)给“我”带来了很大的满足。‎ ‎13．A.solution B．dilemma C．negotiation D．compromise 解析：选B　根据上文“but I was running out of money”和下文“finding a job or finishing my degree”可知，“我”陷入了进退两难的境地(dilemma)。‎ ‎14．A.and B．or C．so D．but 解析：选D　根据空后的“I made good progress at neither of them”可知，此处指但(but)“我”在这两方面都没有取得很大的进步。‎ ‎15．A.desire B．relationship C．influence D．commitment 解析：选A　根据下文“I had to do the work with my own hands.”可知，“我”需要亲手去做工作，仅有强烈的欲望(desire)是不能克服困难的。‎ ‎16．A.amused B．proud C．sad D．annoyed 解析：选C　根据空后的“I, one of his top students, wasn’t doing well”可知，作为老师最好的学生之一，没有取得好的成就，所以此处表示老师对“我”感到伤心(sad)。‎ ‎17．A.helped B．invited C．promised D．forced 解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处指老师帮(helped)“我”找到了第一份工作。‎ ‎18．A.Setting off B．Looking back C．Backing out D．Holding on 解析：选B　根据空后的“I can see my goals and dreams have remarkably __19__ over the years”可知，此处指作者回顾过去(Looking back)。‎ ‎19．A.settled B．reduced C．changed D．advanced 解析：选C　回顾过去，这些年来，“我”的目标和梦想变化(changed)显著。‎ ‎20．A.step down B．come true C．turn up D．die out 解析：选D　根据空后的“you can always have your passion reborn again”可知，“我”经常提醒自己，虽然有些梦想可能会消失(die out)，但激情总能再生。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019•成都诊断)If you speak to a local about your stay in Chengdu, they’ll probably ask if you’ve tried hot pot. Everyone __1__ (live) here seems to love it, and trying it should be a __2__ (fix) part of everyone’s culinary tour of Sichuan.‎ Hot pot restaurants can __3__ (find) on pretty much every street in ‎ Chengdu, but the quality and taste can vary hugely.‎ When you do go for hot pot, you will often be asked to make a __4__ (choose) of broth in which you cook your raw ingredients (食材). If you’re __5__ (adventure) and up for a challenge, the traditional oily spicy broth might be just the thing you’re after. But __6__ you haven’t yet fully adapted to the local taste, you’d better choose a nonspicy broth, or __7__ (go) for a less spicy option. Bear __8__ mind that some broths like the tomato, mushroom or northern style will not be on offer at every restaurant.‎ Half spicy and half clear broth is __9__ (ready) available at most restaurants; these pots either come divided down the middle like a giant yin and yang, or with __10__ separate smaller pot of clear broth in the middle. If you can’t bear too much chili and oil, but want to have a try, ask for yuanyangguo.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了成都的特色饮食——火锅。‎ ‎1．living　考查非谓语动词。live和句子谓语seems之间没有连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，且动词live和句子主语Everyone之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎2．fixed　考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作定语修饰part，又因动词fix和其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎3．be found　考查动词语态。动词find和句子主语Hot pot restaurants之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。‎ ‎4．choice　考查名词。根据空前的a和空后的of可知空处应填名词的单数形式。‎ ‎5．adventurous　考查形容词。根据空前的you’re 可知，此处应用形容词adventurous作表语。‎ ‎6．if/when　考查连词。根据语境可知，空处可用if引导条件状语从句，表示对情况的假设；也可用when来引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。‎ ‎7．go　考查动词。根据连词or可知，此处go和动词choose是并列关系，故用动词原形形式。had better do sth.“最好做某事”。‎ ‎8．in　考查介词。bear (sth.) in mind意为“记住某事”，为固定搭配，故用介词in。‎ ‎9．readily　考查副词。空处修饰形容词应用副词，故填readily，在句中作状语。‎ ‎10．a　考查冠词。pot是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，又因separate的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Kids exercise all the time without even think of it. Just being active, like when you run around at outside or play basketball at school, is type of exercise. Playing sports, dancing and doing pushups also counts as exercise. These helped you build your strength. By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them strong than before. For teens and adult, this kind of workout can make muscles bigger, either.‎ ‎ When you exercise, you’re building a strong body what will be able to move around and do all the stuff you need to do. Try to do more physically exercise every day and your body will thank you later.‎ 答案：第一句：think→thinking 第二句：去掉第一个at; type前加a 第三句：counts→count 第四句：helped→help 第五句：strong→stronger 第六句：adult→adults; either→too 第七句：what→that/which 第八句：physically→physical