2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Underthesea课后达标检测 人教版选修7

2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Underthesea课后达标检测 人教版选修7

Unit 3 Under the sea ‎ (建议用时：50分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·昆明高三模拟)Finding fish is going to get harder as climate change continues to heat the world’s oceans. A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish. A sustainable catch refers to the amount that can be harvested without doing longterm damage to the health of populations of some species.‎ Overfishing has made that decline worse, researchers say. Overfishing refers to catching so many fish that the size of the population falls. In some parts of the world, such as the heavily fished Sea of Japan, the decrease is as high as 35 percent. That’s a loss of more than one in every three fish.‎ Researchers examined changes in 235 populations of fish and shellfish between 1930 and 2010. Those fish populations spread far apart across 38 ocean regions. Temperature changes vary from one ocean site to another. But on average over that time, Earth’s seasurface temperatures have risen by about half a degree Celsius.‎ On average, that warming has caused the sustainable catch to drop by 4.1 percent, the study found. About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming. However, about 4 percent of some populations increased. That’s because certain species have thrived in warmer waters. One example is a kind of black sea fish. It lives along the northeastern U．S. coast. As warming continues, these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit.‎ About 3.2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food. That means it’s urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea.‎ ‎【解题导语】　研究发现，随着气候变化导致海洋升温，世界上可持续捕获的鱼类和水生有壳动物在不断减少，这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量。‎ ‎1．What does the new study discover?‎ A．Overfishing is to blame for fish health.‎ 9‎ B．Warming seas cause fewer fish and shellfish.‎ C．Seafood matters to people’s health worldwide.‎ D．The living regions of fish and shellfish are different.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish.”可知，新的研究发现，海水升温导致鱼类和水生有壳动物减少。故选B。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “thrived” in paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A．Survived narrowly.　　　　 B．Disappeared soon.‎ C．Decreased sharply. D．Developed quickly.‎ D　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“One example... As warming continues, these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit.”可知，随着升温继续，这些鱼将快速繁殖直到它们的极限，据此可推知，画线词的含义与“reproduce faster”相近，故选D。‎ ‎3．What do we know about species of fish and shellfish?‎ A．About 8 percent of them suffered from a great loss.‎ B．About 35 percent of them survived in the Sea of Japan.‎ C．About 3.2 billion species have been saved up to now.‎ D．About 80 species have died out because of warming seas.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming.”可知，大约8%的鱼类和水生有壳动物数量上遭受了重大损失。故选A。根据第二段中的“In some parts...the decrease is as high as 35 percent.”可知，B项表述错误；根据第五段中的“About 3.2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food.”可知，C项表述错误；文章没有提到D项所表述的内容。‎ ‎4．From which is the text probably taken?‎ A．A cooking guide. B．A science magazine.‎ C．A news review. D．A health brochure.‎ B　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，一项最新研究显示，随着海洋变暖，鱼类和水生有壳动物的数量正在减少。这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量和这些生物的健康。由此可知，本文属于科学类文章。故选B。‎ ‎【难句分析】　That means it’s urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea.‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“it’s urgent for commercial fishing fleets ‎ 9‎ and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea”为省略了that的宾语从句，作动词means的宾语；其中“how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea”为how引导的宾语从句，作consider的宾语。‎ 译文：这意味着，商业捕鱼船队和监管机构迫切需要考虑气候变化如何影响海洋中所有鱼类的健康。‎ B ‎(2020·河北六校联考)As far back as the age of dinosaurs millions of years ago, turtles(海龟) wandered around the Earth. Even nowadays it is generally assumed that turtles are the world’s steadiest creature.‎ However, a new research shows 61 percent of the 356 species of turtles are already threatened or no longer exist. The destruction of their homes, disease, climate change and other reasons have caused their population to drop sharply. In a new study published in the journal BioScience, a team of scientists from various institutions claims that turtles are one of the most threatened among the major vertebrate(脊椎动物) groups.‎ ‎“This could，” the authors say, “have serious consequences for the ecology.” Turtles contribute to the health of many environments, including desert, wetland, freshwater and marine ecosystems, and the decline may lead to bad effects on other species, including humans, they explain. Whit Gibbons, senior author and professor at the University of Georgia’s Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, says in a statement that the intention of the study is to inform people about the vital ecological roles of turtles.‎ One of the important qualities of turtles is how diverse they are when it comes to food. This allows them to have a major impact on food webs of their homes all over the world. In some areas, the density(密度) of the turtle population makes them an important part of the ecosystem. With their gathering, other species that feed on them and their eggs are sure to have a large pool of food.‎ For plants, turtles are also extremely important as they distribute the seeds of many plant species. When they eat, some seeds are not destroyed by the digestive process and instead make their way out of the animals’ body. Some turtles are the main dispersal(传播) agents of certain plants and their seeds.‎ These are only a few yet very vital roles that turtles play in the ecological ‎ 9‎ landscape. Unfortunately, many species are in serious decline and in danger of disappearing completely.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海龟的数量急剧下降对生态系统有负面影响。‎ ‎5．What does the new study aim to do?‎ A．To save the grand vertebrate groups on earth.‎ B．To warn people of turtles’ terrible situation.‎ C．To make the importance of turtles’ roles known.‎ D．To claim turtles may be related to dinosaurs.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“the intention of the study is to inform people about the vital ecological roles of turtles”可知，这个研究的目的是让人们了解海龟对生态的重要作用。故选C。‎ ‎6．How might the disappearance of turtles influence certain plants?‎ A．Speed up these plants’ disappearing.‎ B．Put an end to these plants’ seed spreading.‎ C．Allow more seeds to grow into plants.‎ D．Give these plants no chance of survival.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，海龟通过吃下植物的种子然后将其排出体外来进行植物种子的传播，一些海龟是某些植物及其种子的主要传播媒介。由此可知，海龟的消失也可能加速这些植物的灭绝。故选A。‎ ‎7．Which of the following shows the structure of the text?‎ I：Introduction　P：Point　Sp：Subpoint(次要点)‎ C：Conclusion B　解析：文章结构题。第一段是全文的引言(Introduction)，引入海龟这一话题；第二段是要点一(Point 1)，介绍了海龟数量骤减的情况；第三段是要点二(Point 2)，总述海龟对生态系统的作用；第四、五段都是要点二的次要点(Sp1和Sp2)，分别介绍了海龟在生态系统中起的两个作用；最后一段对全文进行总结(Conclusion)。故选B。‎ ‎8．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Turtles Are Sure to Stop Existing B．The Ecology Will Change with Turtles 9‎ C．Decline of Turtles Threatens the World D．Turtles’ Dying Out Worldwide Matters a Lot D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了目前海龟数量大范围减少的状况以及海龟的存在对生态系统的重要作用，因此D项“世界范围内海龟的消失影响重大”最能概括本文大意。故选D。‎ ‎【难句分析】　In a new study published in the journal BioScience, a team of scientists from various institutions claims that turtles are one of the most threatened among the major vertebrate(脊椎动物) groups.‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中的that引导宾语从句，作claims的宾语；过去分词短语published in the journal BioScience作后置定语修饰a new study。‎ 译文：在发表于《生物科学》杂志上的一项新研究中，来自不同机构的科学家组成的小组揭示了在主要的脊椎动物群体中，海龟是受威胁最严重的群体之一。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性测试)It was a cold, rainy day. And I had no __1__ to drive up the winding mountain road to my daughter Carolyn’s house. But she had insisted that I should come to see something at the__2__ of the mountain.‎ So here I was, __3__ making the twohour journey through fog that hung like veils(面纱). By the time I saw how __4__ it was near the summit, I’d gone too far to turn back. __5__ could be worth this, I thought as I __6__ along the very dangerous highway.‎ Turning down a narrow track, we __7__ the car and got out. We walked along a path that was thick with old pine needles. Huge blackgreen evergreens towered over us. Gradually, the peace and silence of the place __8__ to fill my mind.‎ Then we turned a corner and stopped and I took a deep breath in __9__. From the top of the mountain, for several acres across folds and valleys, rivers of daffodils(水仙花) were in brilliant bloom. It looked __10__ the sun had tipped over and spilled gold down the mountainside. __11__ filled my mind. Who created such beauty? How? When?‎ As we __12__ the house that stood in the center of the property, we saw a sign that __13__：“Answers to the Questions I Know You Are Asking.” The first answer was：“One Woman—Two Hands, Two Feet, and Very Little Brain.” The second was：“One at a Time.” The third：“__14__ in 1978.”‎ As we drove home, I was so moved by what we had seen, I could __15__ speak. “She __16__ the world，” I finally said, “one at a time. She started almost 40 years 9‎ ‎ ago, probably just the beginning of a(n) __17__， but she kept at it.”‎ The wonder of it would not let me __18__. “Imagine，” I said, “if I’d had a vision and worked at it, just a little bit every day, what might I have __19__？” Carolyn looked at me sideways, smiling. “Start tomorrow，” she said. “__20__ yet, start today.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讲述的是作者在女儿的执意要求下和女儿一起开车去山顶欣赏美景的故事。‎ ‎1．A.strength　　　 B．belief C．desire D．suggestion C　解析：根据上文“It was a cold, rainy day.”可知，作者不想开车沿着蜿蜒的山路去女儿家。have no desire to do sth.意为“不想做某事”。故选C。‎ ‎2．A.top B．back C．bottom D．end A　解析：根据下文中的“From the top of the mountain”可知，作者和女儿是去山顶。故选A。‎ ‎3．A.unwillingly B．helplessly C．hopefully D．eagerly A　解析：根据上文中的“But she had insisted that I should come to see something”可知，作者在女儿的执意要求下不情愿地去了女儿的家。故选A。‎ ‎4．A.thin B．thick C．huge D．deep B　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，离山顶越近，雾越浓。故选B。‎ ‎5．A.Anything B．Something C．Nothing D．Everything C　解析：根据语境可知，作者认为在这种大雾情况下没有什么是值得看的。故选C。‎ ‎6．A.ran B．inched C．wandered D．jumped B　解析：根据语境可知，作者一边沿着危险的通道缓慢行驶一边想。B项意为“缓慢移动”。故选B。‎ ‎7．A.parked B．drove C．repaired D．left A　解析：根据该句中的“and got out”可知，他们把车停在那儿。故选A。‎ ‎8．A.happened B．failed C．stopped D．began 9‎ D　解析：根据本句中的“to fill my mind”并结合语境可知，此处表示渐渐地，这里的寂静开始填满作者的内心。故选D。‎ ‎9．A.shock B．doubt C．relief D．amazement D　解析：结合下文可知，此处指作者看到那么美的景色很吃惊。故选D。‎ ‎10．A.as though B．even though C．in case D．now that A　解析：根据语境可知，这些水仙花构成的景象看起来就好像是太阳已经倾覆，把金子洒在了山坡上。A项意为“好像”。B项意为“即使”；C项意为“以防，万一”；D项意为“既然”。故选A。‎ ‎11．A.Arguments B．Questions C．Requirements D．Problems B　解析：根据下文“Who created such beauty? How? When？”可知，此处指作者的脑海里充满了疑问。A项意为“争论”；B项意为“问题，疑问”；C项意为“要求”；D项意为“难题，困难”。故选B。‎ ‎12．A.departed B．returned C．approached D．searched C　解析：根据本句中的“we saw a sign”可知，作者和女儿走近房子时看到一个标牌。故选C。‎ ‎13．A.spoke B．stuck C．wrote D．read D　解析：根据本句中的“Answers to the Questions I Know You Are Asking.”可知，标牌上写着一些东西。D项意为“写着”。故选D。‎ ‎14．A.Deserted B．Finished C．Started D．Operated C　解析：根据语境并结合上文可知，此处指上文第三个问题“When？”即何时开始创建的这种美的答案。故选C。‎ ‎15．A.nearly B．scarcely C．mostly D．only B　解析：根据本句中的“I was so moved”和下一句中的“I finally said”可知，这里指作者被深深感动，几乎说不出话来。B项意为“几乎不”。故选B。‎ ‎16．A.changed B．discovered C．destroyed D．won A　解析：根据语境可知，此处指美景的创造者一次做一点事情，几乎40年前 9‎ 就开始了这样的创造，她改变了这里的世界。故选A。‎ ‎17．A.experience B．idea C．story D．promise B　解析：根据本句中的“but she kept at it”可知，此处指可能始于一种想法。故选B。‎ ‎18．A.come B．out C．go D．down C　解析：根据语境可知，这里太美了，作者不想离开。故选C。‎ ‎19．A.lost B．accomplished C．forgotten D．beaten B　解析：根据本句中的“if I’d had a vision and worked at it, just a little bit every day”可知，作者在想如果自己有一个想法，并且致力于此，每天做一点，自己能取得什么(成就)。B项意为“完成，实现”。故选B。‎ ‎20．A.More B．Worse C．Sooner D．Better D　解析：根据语境可知，作者的女儿说从今天开始更好。故选D。‎ Ⅲ.书面表达 ‎(2020·广东高三六校联考)假定你是李华，你所在班级的交换生Peter正在进行一项关于垃圾分类的研究。他给你来信询问你们社区垃圾分类的实施情况，请给Peter回一封邮件，告诉他相关信息，邮件内容包括：‎ ‎1．写邮件的目的；‎ ‎2．垃圾分类的实施情况；‎ ‎3．你对垃圾分类的看法。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已为你写好，不记入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：垃圾分类garbage classification Dear Peter，‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 9‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua One possible version：‎ Dear__Peter，‎ How is everything going? In your last letter, you asked me about garbage classification in my community, so I’m writing to tell you some details about it.‎ ‎①The garbage classification activity was launched in our community last month. People are required to sort household garbage into four categories, each of which is supposed to be thrown into certain bins at certain times. Individuals who fail to do so will be fined. Although people were confused with the demanding garbage classification at the beginning, they are much better at sorting garbage now with the help of a special app.‎ Personally, I’m in full support of garbage classification because it contributes to arousing people’s awareness of protecting the environment. Hopefully my information is of help to you.‎ Best__wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Li__Hua ‎【亮点词句】　亮点词汇：launch, sort sth. into sth., be supposed to do sth., personally, in full support of, be of help to sb.‎ 亮点句式：定语从句(each of which is supposed to be thrown into certain bins at certain times)‎ ‎【一句多译】　‎ ‎①表达方式一：Last month, our community started a garbage sorting campaign.‎ 表达方式二：The garbage classification activity took place in our community last month.‎ 表达方式三：Last month our community witnessed a garbage classification activity.‎ 9‎