2020届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit4Globalwarming单元学案设计（66页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit4Globalwarming单元学案设计（66页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit4Global warming单元学案设计 ‎ 单元话题阅读 The Arctic will soon be free from ice，experts say.The change is sure to take place，but global warming and climate change are changing the earth’s landscape(地形) rapidly，causing anxiety worldwide.‎ Experts say that the Arctic sea ice is melting quite faster than expected and it can affect not just the region，but Earth in general.A scientist even says that next year，or maybe the year after that，the Arctic will be free of ice.‎ Peter Wadhams，director of the Scott Polar Institute in Cambridge，said，“Most people expect this year will see a record low in the Arctic’s summer sea ice cover.Next year or the year after that，I think it will be free of ice in summer and by that I mean the central Arctic will be icefree.” “You will be able to cross over the North Pole by ship，” he added.‎ Wadhams’ study says that melting sea ice will have a great influence on the planet since the sea ice is more capable of reflecting(反射) sunlight compared to water that can only reflect 10% of the sunlight.Once the sea ice melts，the water can only reflect a small amount of sunlight.This means that the Earth will receive and absorb more sunlight，making the planet even hotter.‎ The year 2016 had already broken records of the hottest temperature ever recorded and the trend doesn’t seem to show any decrease in global warming.“It doesn’t look like the ice is healing and growing back，” Tom Wagner，NASA’s manager said in a report.‎ Like Wadhams，scientists and researchers all over the world are lecturing around to educate people to help lighten global warming that has already changed the planet’s landscape.‎ 判断正(T)误(F)‎ ‎1．The speed of the Arctic sea ice being melting is beyond expectation.(T)‎ ‎2．The Arctic won’t be free from ice soon because of global warming and climate change.(F)‎ Period One　Warming Up & Reading—Prereading ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．consume　　　　　　 A．n.燃料 ‎2．random B．vi.同意；捐赠；订阅 ‎3．phenomenon C．vt.消费；消耗；耗尽 ‎4．subscribe D．adj.胡乱的；任意的 ‎5．fuel E．n.现象 答案　1.C　2.D　3.E　4.B　5.A ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．quantity A．vt.反对；反抗 ‎7．oppose B．n.量；数量 ‎8．state C．n.大灾难；浩劫 ‎9．trend D．n.趋势；趋向；走向 ‎10．catastrophe E．vt.陈述；说明 答案　6.B　7.A　8.E　9.D　10.C ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．range A．n.洪水；水灾 ‎12．consequence B．n.旱灾；干旱 ‎13．mild C．n.结果；后果；影响 ‎14．flood D．adj.温和的；温柔的；淡的 ‎15．drought E．n.种类；范围 答案　11.E　12.C　13.D　14.A　15.B ‎[第四组]‎ ‎16．famine A．vi.趋向；易于；vt.照顾；护理 ‎17．data B．n.资料；数据 ‎18．byproduct C．n.化石 ‎19．tend D．n.饥荒 ‎20．fossil E．n.副产品 答案　16.D　17.B　18.E　19.A　20.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fastreading Skim the text and do the following exercises.‎ ‎1．This article may be from .‎ A．an environmental magazine B．a diary C．a novel D．a story 答案　A ‎2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.‎ Para.1　　　A．the cause of the earth’s becoming warmer Para.2　　　B．the consequence of burning fossil fuels Para.3　　　C．the increase of carbon dioxide Para.4　　　D．global warming will go on Para.5　　　E．puzzles about global warming Para.6　　　F．different attitudes to global warming Para.7　　　G．an introduction to the passage 答案　Para.1：G　Para.2：A　Para.3：B　Para.4：C　Para.5：D　Para.6：F　Para.7：E Step 2　Carefulreading Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.‎ ‎1． made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.‎ A．Dr Janice Foster B．Charles Keeling C．George Hambley D．Sophie Armstrong 答案　B ‎2．Some scientists like George Hambley think that the temperature increase will .‎ A．cause a rise of several metres in the sea level B．cause the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species C．encourage a greater range of animals D．cause severe storms，floods，droughts and famines 答案　C ‎3．The main difference between Dr Janice Foster’s theory and George Hambley’s lies in .‎ A．how to prevent global warming B．what causes global warming C．whether global warming would cause serious problems or not D．whether the levels of carbon dioxide have increased or not over the years 答案　C ‎4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?‎ A．Greenhouse gases refer to some byproducts of the burning of fossil fuels.‎ B．Global warming is a random rather than natural phenomenon.‎ C．The temperature in the last century increased by as high as 5 degrees.‎ D．Fewer greenhouse gases will gather in the atmosphere.‎ 答案　A ‎5．The author probably agrees that .‎ A．actually global warming is good for man B．we should do nothing about global warming C．catastrophes will happen if the globe keeps on warming D．a lot remains to be found out about the effects of global warming 答案　D Step 3　Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.‎ There is no doubt 1.that the earth is becoming warmer and that 2.it is human activity that has caused this global warming.‎ Many scientists like Dr Janice Foster believe that people have caused the increase in the earth’s temperature by 3.burning(burn) fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy whose byproducts 4.are called(call) “greenhouse” gases，the most important one 5.being(be) carbon dioxide.These gases trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth，without 6.which the earth would be about thirtythree degrees Celsius 7.cooler(cool) than it is.But increased amount of extra carbon dioxide means that more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere 8.causing(cause) the global temperature to go up.‎ ‎9．On the other hand，scientists like George Hambley believe that any warming will be ‎ mild with few bad environmental consequences and more carbon dioxide is 10.actually(actual) a positive thing.‎ Step 4　Sentencelearning ‎1．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句中There is no doubt后接了两个that引导的并列的同位语从句；第二个同位语从句中it is human activity that ...phenomenon是一个强调句，强调了主语human activity。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。‎ ‎2．It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。that 引导一个宾语从句；causing the global temperature to go up 为现在分词短语作结果状语。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。‎ ‎3．On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。there are those，like George Hambley是主句。who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air为who 引导的定语从句。该定语从句又分为两部分，由and 连接。are opposed to this view为一部分；believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air为另一部分，其中含有一个that引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治•汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature.But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation(撤离) of an island nation—the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.‎ During the 20th century，sea level rose 8－12 inches.As a result，Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the country’s drinking water.‎ Paani Laupepa，a Tuvaluan government official，reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.‎ Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions，which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreement，the US has effectively taken away the freedom of ‎ future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years，” Laupepa told the BBC.‎ Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.‎ Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable(易受影响的) to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon，President of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”．‎ 语篇解读　本文主要讲述了全球变暖对于某些岛国，特别是对图瓦卢所造成的恶劣影响。‎ ‎1．The text is mainly about .‎ A．rapid changes in the earth’s temperature B．bad effects of global warming C．moving of a country to a new place D．reasons for lowland flooding 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。‎ ‎2．According to scientists，the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .‎ A．greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations B．higher surface water temperatures of the sea C．continuous global warming D．rising sea levels 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.”可以推断出一些科学家认为造成严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温升高。‎ ‎3．Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .‎ A．agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话可知，Laupepa对美国不满意的原因是美国拒绝签署减少导致温室效应气体排放的国际公约。‎ ‎4．The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is .‎ A．Australia B．New Zealand C．the Maldives D．the United States 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断出马尔代夫(the Maldives)与图瓦卢的情况相似。‎ B Our world has been greatly affected by climate change and it is important that people，young and old，work together to fight it.Perhaps the biggest factor is the action of our children.That is why I think it is important that children today learn to be ecofriendly at a young age.‎ I believe the nation should require schools to have a class about being “green”—Green Living could be its name.Every school would teach students about global warming，its effects and what they can do to reduce their carbon footprint.‎ In the classes，students could be assigned(分配) to find solutions to everyday energy problems，while learning about their effects on the earth and how they all can help.Students would be encouraged to use what they learned in class at home，where it would affect the whole family.‎ Too many think that global warming is not a threat，but it is one of our biggest problems.How are children supposed to prevent global warming if they grow up not knowing about its dangers？Children should be exposed to ways they can help in elementary school，which is why it is important that more schools offer environmental education classes.‎ However，to be effective，schools must take steps to be “green” too.What would children be learning if the school’s lights were always left on and there were no recycling bins？When schools are rebuilt or new ones are built，towns should support an ecofriendly design that would save energy and reduce power bills.‎ Green living and green schools are part of a new wave that should be sweeping the nation，but is not.How will our future leaders respond after years of living in a community where preserving our world’s natural integrity(完整性) just isn’t considered important？Schools and the government should be responsible for teaching young people about global warming quickly.Seriously，how many people does it take to screw in a fluorescent light(荧光灯) bulb? ‎ 语篇解读　本文主要论述了学校应教育孩子们从小了解绿色生活、气候变暖的知识。‎ ‎5．In “green living” class，children will .‎ A．learn the ways to save energy B．be asked to find solutions to global warming C．be encouraged to experiment with their effects on the earth D．help reduce the carbon footprint of their friends 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，学生在课堂上可以学到节能的方法。‎ ‎6．More schools offer environmental education classes to make children .‎ A．realize that global warming is not a threat B．help to solve global warming from an early age C．treat global warming as one of the biggest problems D．know about the danger of preventing global warming 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。结合第四段最后一句可知，学校提供环境教育课的原因是使孩子们在很早就可以接触到解决气候变暖的方法。‎ ‎7．What steps can be considered to be green?‎ A．The towns should be designed in an ecofriendly way.‎ B．Schools should be enlarged to save energy.‎ C．Turn off the school’s lights when everyone leaves.‎ D．Recycling bins should be new ones at school.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“What would children be learning if the school’s lights were always left on and there were no recycling bins？”可知，当教室里没人时，把灯关掉就是使学校“绿色化”的举措之一。‎ ‎8．What might be the most suitable title for the passage? ‎ A．Green Living B．Online Living C．Modern Living D．School Living 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要论述了学校应教育孩子们从很小就了解绿色生活、气候变暖方面的知识，从而在将来可以更好地解决气候变暖的问题。故A项“绿色生活”作标题最合适。‎ C People need to seek out new foods because the world has so many mouths to feed.As of 2017，there were more than seven billion people on the Earth，according to the United Nations.And by 2100 that number may double.Feeding all of these people means not only improving the way foods are grown，but also finding new sources of nutrition(营养)．‎ And that quest is becoming ever more urgent.If nothing changes，within 35 years，the world’s appetite(胃口) will be greater than the amount of foods produced.That’s according to a report published last year.It was prepared by the Global Harvest Initiative，a private agriculture group based in Washington，D.C.‎ Global warming，too，is changing food production.Scientists predict that rising temperatures will reduce the growth of important crops like wheat，corn and soybeans.Lowincome developing countries will be hit hardest.When harvests fall，crops become more expensive.And since those foods are also used to feed animals like cows and pigs，meat prices will rise too.‎ All over the world，researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchanging world.And some surprising ideas have begun to come up.Two years ago，scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab.The project cost more than 300,000，but it’s a start.Other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought.Still others are finding ways to improve the genes of meat animals so they can produce more meat and can stand the heat.A gloomy(悲观的) forecast for the planet isn’t the only reason to study foods for the future.It’s a creative quest that will inspire people who can think in new ways about existing plants and animals.These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要讲述了在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。‎ ‎9．What does the underlined part “that quest” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．The research on foods.‎ B．The increase of population.‎ C．The variety of nutrition.‎ D．The change of appetite.‎ 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句及下文中对食物的研究可知，画线词指对食物的研究。‎ ‎10．How does global warming affect lowincome developing countries?‎ A．By increasing the production of crops.‎ B．By improving sources of nutrition.‎ C．By reducing the growth of crops.‎ D．By leading to the high cost of life.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，气温上升将引起农作物的减产，从而导致农作物价格上涨，进而肉类价格上涨，最终会导致人们生活成本增加。故选D。‎ ‎11．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?‎ A．New ways of farming.‎ B．Some great researchers.‎ C．Progress in food research.‎ D．Achievements in lab experiments.‎ 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是第二句“And some surprising ideas have begun to come up.”可推知，本段主要讲述了食物研究方面的进步。‎ ‎12．What will be discussed in the following paragraph?‎ A．Examples of successful food researchers.‎ B．Different opinions about the future foods.‎ C．Methods of dealing with global warming.‎ D．Possibilities of feeding the present population.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.”可推知，下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 April 22nd every year marks the start of Earth Day，a day that is celebrated every year to raise awareness(意识) about our home planet and how we can save it from being damaged. 13 ‎ ‎•Green up your home This is one of the most common things that people do whenever Earth Day rolls around；that is，switch off their lights. 14 Conserve(节约) energy by switching off all power of electricity points whenever they are not on use.In addition，take out all the plugs(插头) from plug points even after switching them off.‎ ‎• 15 ‎ Cars，being the greatest source of air pollution，can be left at home this weekend. 16 Other greener choices are carpooling，riding a bike or you can also walk if you want a healthier choice and if your workplace is not that far away from your home.‎ ‎•Be a little dirty No，we don’t mean it “that way”．We simply mean to say，don’t take a bath.Yes，‎ saving water is super important.A day or two without a bath won’t harm you，but it will certainly do a lot of good for our planet.A daily shower isn’t a matter of health；it’s a matter of comfort. 17 ‎ The future of our planet is in your hands!‎ A．Leave your cars at home.‎ B．Traveling by public transport is a better choice.‎ C．Below，we have made a list of things you can do to celebrate Earth Day.‎ D．Showering every day can wash away the natural oils that our skin and hair need.‎ E．However，this is not something you should do just for a day or for only an hour.‎ F．Started in the year 1970，Earth Day is now celebrated in more than 190 countries each year.‎ G．Do something every day that will improve your surroundings to make the planet a better place to live.‎ 语篇解读　众所周知，每年的4月22日是地球日。这是一个能让我们关注地球家园、珍惜并保护它免遭人类行为反复破坏的日子。本文列举了几项便于人们实践的地球日活动。‎ ‎13．答案　C 解析　根据上文“每年的4月22日是地球日。这是一个能让我们关注地球家园并保护它免遭破坏的日子”，再根据下文提到的关注地球家园所采取的措施，可知此空是一个承上启下的句子，根据句意可知选C项“下面我们列举了为庆祝地球日你能做的几项活动”。‎ ‎14．答案　E 解析　根据上文“每到地球日，很多人都会不约而同选择做这件事：关灯”，再根据空格下句“为了节省能源，我们应该随时关闭所有不在使用当中的用电设施”，可知此空的意思应该是：然而，这不应该只是你在这一天或这一小时做的事。故选E项。‎ ‎15．答案　A 解析　此空是一个小标题。根据小标题的特点和下文内容，可知A项符合题意。‎ ‎16．答案　B 解析　根据下文“其他绿色出行方式还包括拼车、骑行；如果你的工作地点离家不远的话，并且你想有个更健康的选择，你可以步行”，可知此处应该再提到一种绿色出行方式，根据句意可知选B项“公共交通其实是一种更好的选择”。‎ ‎17．答案　D 解析　根据上句“每天冲澡与健康无关，其实只是为了舒服而已”，可知此处意思应该是：每天洗澡还会冲掉我们皮肤上天然的油脂，而这些油脂其实是皮肤和头发需要的。故选D项。‎ Period Two　Warming Up & Reading—Language points ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分)‎ ‎1．renewable adj.能再生的；可更新的 ‎2．graph n．图表；坐标图；曲线图 ‎3．random adj.胡乱的；任意的 ‎4．fossil n．化石；从地下采掘出来的矿物 ‎5．byproduct n．副产品 ‎6．tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt.照顾；护理 ‎7．measurement n．衡量；测量；尺寸 ‎8．data n．资料；数据 ‎9．catastrophe n．大灾难；浩劫 ‎10．drought n．旱灾；干旱 ‎11．famine n．饥荒 ‎12．mild adj.温和的；温柔的；淡的 ‎13．environmental adj.环境的 ‎14．range n．种类；范围 ‎15．glance vi.看一下；扫视；n.一瞥 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每题3分，满分30分)‎ ‎16．consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．消费者 ‎17．phenomenon n．现象→phenomena (pl.)‎ ‎18．subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅；vt.签署(文件)；捐助 ‎19．quantity n．量；数量→quality n．质量 ‎20．trend n．趋势；倾向；走向 ‎21．flood n．洪水；水灾 ‎22．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的 ‎23．consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的 ‎24．state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．声明；阐述 ‎25．steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily adv.平稳地；持续地 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎26．与……相比compare...to/with ‎27．发生；造成come about ‎28．同意；赞成；订购subscribe to ‎29．大量的quantities of ‎30．上升；增长；升起go up ‎31．make accurate measurements of对……做精确的测量 ‎32．导致result in ‎33．反对……be opposed to...‎ ‎34．即使even if/though ‎35．继续keep on Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题7分，满分35分)‎ ‎36．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.‎ 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。‎ ‎37．It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.‎ 它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。‎ ‎38．They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.‎ 他们还赞同这种观点：正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。‎ ‎39．On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.‎ 另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治•汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。‎ ‎40．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.‎ 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ So how has this come about and does it matter?‎ 那么，这种温度的增长是怎样发生的呢？会造成什么影响呢？‎ come about发生；造成 come out出版；结果是；出来；开花 come up发芽；开始；走近；被提出 come up with想出 ‎(1)The argument came about when they talked about how snakes produce poison.‎ 他们在讨论蛇是怎样产生毒液时产生了争论。‎ ‎(2)How did it come about that he failed in the exam?‎ 他怎么会考试不及格呢？‎ ‎(3)It is said that his new book will come out next week.据说，他的新书将在下周出版。‎ ‎(4)The man came up to me and asked me to help him.‎ 这个人走到我跟前，向我求助。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)The young man came up ∧with a good idea at the meeting yesterday.‎ ‎ The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.‎ 当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。‎ quantity n．量；数量 a quantity of/quantities of大量的 in quantity/in large quantities大量地 注意　a quantity of/quantities of后面既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词。‎ ‎“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of ‎＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎(1)The factory needs a large quantity of workers.‎ 这个工厂需要很多工人。‎ ‎(2)It is cheaper to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities.大量购物比较便宜。‎ ‎(3)A large quantity of money has been spent(spend) on the project so far.‎ 目前，这个工程已经花费了大量资金。‎ ‎(4)Large quantities of good soil were washed(wash) away by the heavy rain.‎ 大雨冲走了大量沃土。‎ ‎ It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.‎ 它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。‎ tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt.照顾；护理 ‎※tend (to)．..照料，护理……‎ tend to do sth.易于做某事；倾向于做某事 ‎※tendency n．倾向；趋势 have a tendency to do sth.喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事 ‎(1)Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are.(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ 现在很多人在对传统不甚了解的情况下，还往往对传统夸夸其谈。‎ ‎(2)She is tending (to) her sick mother at home.‎ 她正在家里照顾生病的母亲。‎ ‎(3)She tends to get(get) angry when you disagree with her.‎ 你不同意她的意见时，她往往会生气。‎ ‎(4)The woman has a strong natural tendency(tend) to be cautious.这个女人天生小心谨慎。‎ ‎ They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.‎ 他们还赞同这种观点：正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。‎ result in产生，导致(＝cause/lead to)‎ result from由于；由……造成 as a result结果，因此 as a result of作为……的结果；因为……‎ ‎(1)His carelessness resulted in the accident.‎ ‎＝The accident resulted from his carelessness.‎ 他的粗心导致了这次事故。‎ ‎(2)As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.‎ ‎(2017•全国Ⅰ) ‎ 结果，人们会吃更多的食物来补上缺失的东西。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(3)He was often late for work.As a result of，he lost his job.‎ ‎ On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.‎ 另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治•汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。‎ be opposed to反对……‎ ‎※opposed adj.相反的；对立的 ‎※oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 oppose (doing) sth./sb.doing sth.反对(做)某事/反对某人做某事 ‎(1)Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.很多农民反对这个计划，因为他们害怕狼会杀死他们农场的动物或宠物。(2017•全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎(2)The husband strongly opposed his wife going(go) there alone.‎ 这位丈夫强烈反对妻子独自去那里。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(3)She is strongly opposed againstto their plan.‎ ‎ They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.‎ 他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。‎ consequence n．结果；后果；影响 ‎※as a consequence＝in consequence结果；因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的缘故 ‎※consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的 ‎※consequently adv.所以；因此；结果 ‎(1)It rained yesterday.As a consequence，the match was cancelled.‎ 昨天下雨了，结果比赛被取消了。‎ ‎(2)The warming of the earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all.‎ 地球变暖以及随之发生的气候变化影响着我们所有人。‎ ‎(3)My car broke down and consequently(consequent) I was late.‎ 我的汽车抛锚了，结果，我迟到了。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)The ceremony has been put off as a consequence ∧of the bad weather.‎ ‎ In fact，Hambley states，“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.It will make plants grow quicker；crops will produce more；it will encourage a greater range of animals—all of which will make life for human beings better.”‎ 实际上，汉布利说道：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事。它使植物生长得更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物的生长——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”‎ state vt.陈述；说明；声明；n.状况，情况；国家 range n．种类；范围；v.排列；(在一定范围内)变化，变动 ‎※It is stated that...据说……‎ statement n．声明；陈述 make a statement作出陈述；发表声明 ‎※a range of一系列 out of one’s range超出某人的范围 range from A to B　从A到B变动 ‎(1)It is stated that we use only 10 percent of our brain.据说，我们只运用了大脑的10%。‎ ‎(2)The man refused to make a statement(state)，which made the reporters disappointed.‎ 这个人拒绝发表声明，使得记者们都很失望。‎ ‎(3)The team will hold a range of activities，including some training and matches.(2017•全国Ⅲ)‎ 球队将举行各种活动，包括一些训练和比赛。‎ ‎(4)The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.(2017•北京) ‎ 国家公园有许多的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。‎ ‎ Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.‎ 快速浏览杂志文章并回答下列问题。‎ glance vi.匆匆一看；扫视；n.一瞥 glance at浏览，扫一眼 take/give/have a glance at...粗略地看一下……‎ at first glance乍一看；乍看之下 at a (single) glance (只)看一眼；一眼；立刻 ‎(1)He took/gave/had a glance at the newspaper headlines.他匆匆看了一眼报纸上的标题。‎ ‎(2)At first glance the problem seemed easy.乍一看问题似乎很简单。‎ ‎(3)He could tell at a (single) glance what was wrong.他一眼就看出了问题所在。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　glance，glare，stare ‎※glance一瞥，匆匆一看，强调动作的短暂。‎ ‎※glare怒视，带有敌对或威胁的态度。‎ ‎※stare盯着看，含有无礼或粗俗的意味，也可指吃惊、害怕或深思地盯着看、凝视。‎ ‎[选词填空]　glance，glare，stare ‎(4)They stopped arguing and glared at each other.‎ ‎(5)The manager glanced at the document and signed down his name.‎ ‎(6)Don’t stare at a foreigner for a long time！It’s rude!‎ 经典句式 ‎ There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.‎ 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。‎ ‎※There is no doubt意为“毫无疑问”，后接that从句或“about＋名词”结构。There is ‎ doubt意为“……值得怀疑”，后接whether引导的从句或“about＋名词”结构。‎ ‎※doubt v．&n.意为“怀疑；疑问”。‎ 作动词时，用法如下：‎ ‎①在否定句或疑问句中，doubt后接that引导的宾语从句；‎ ‎②在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。‎ 作名词时，用法如下：‎ ‎①用于否定句或疑问句时，一般接that引导的同位语从句；‎ ‎②用于肯定句时，一般接whether引导的同位语从句。‎ ‎(1)But the urge would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.(2018•北京)‎ 如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望无疑会更大。‎ ‎(2)There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.(2017•全国Ⅰ)‎ 毫无疑问，你应该提前了解关于唐朝的历史。‎ ‎(3)There is some doubt whether he will pass the final exam.他能否通过期末考试，还有些疑问。‎ ‎(4)I don’t doubt that my daughter will have a bright future.‎ 我毫不怀疑我的女儿会有光明的未来。‎ ‎(5)I doubt whether/if our class will win the final match.‎ 我们班是否会赢得最后的比赛，我对此持怀疑态度。‎ ‎ Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.‎ 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。‎ even if相当于even though，引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”。‎ ‎(1)We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。‎ ‎(2)Be openminded to different opinions even if/though you don’t like them.尽管你不喜欢不同的观点，对它们也要采取开放的胸怀。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　even if/though，as if/though ‎※even if/though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使；虽然”。‎ ‎※as if/though用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“就像……似的；似乎；仿佛”。‎ ‎[选词填空]　even if/though，as if/though ‎(3)They are talking as if/though they had seen a ghost.‎ ‎(4)Even if/though you don’t like this film，you’d better see it.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．As a consequence(consequent) of oversleeping this morning，I was late for school.‎ ‎2．I tend to wake(wake) up early in the morning to do morning exercises outdoors.‎ ‎3．As a result of destroying the forests，large quantities of desert have covered the land.‎ ‎4．Your statement(state) is too general.Could you be more specific about what you’re going to do in the future?‎ ‎5．Opposed(oppose) to the new plan，most of the members left the meeting room.‎ ‎6．She has many kinds of jobs，ranging(range) from cook to model.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎7．There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up.‎ 毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会上涨。‎ ‎8．Even if/though (I’m) invited，I will not go to his birthday party.‎ 即使受到邀请，我也不去参加他的生日聚会。‎ ‎9．He took a glance at/glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncle’s handwriting.‎ 他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔叔的笔迹。‎ ‎10．Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.‎ 雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The witness stated(陈述) that he had never seen the man before.‎ ‎2．Before he died，he had consumed(消耗；喝掉) a large quantity of alcohol.‎ ‎3．He glanced(扫视) through the newspaper while having breakfast.‎ ‎4．It can be quite an eye opener to see the range(种类) of classical apples still in existence，such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.‎ ‎5．However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way—by studying movements of random(任意的) floating garbage.‎ ‎6．Have a look at this graph(图标)．It shows the total sales to date.‎ ‎7．First they collected sound data(数据) from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.‎ ‎8．He is a mild(温和的) man，who is reasonable.‎ ‎9．The need to produce everincreasing quantities(数量) of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution.‎ ‎10．These years，our company has been developing steadily(平稳地)．‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 subscribe to， come about， quantities of， go up， as a result， even if， keep on， compare ...to ‎11．Compared to a traditional smartphone，Paper Phone is lighter in weight.‎ ‎12．Every day，I have to spend most of my time in studying.As a result，I don’t have enough time to take exercise.‎ ‎13．Large quantities of food were on the table.‎ ‎14．I keep on walking after supper because I can’t think of a better way to keep fit.‎ ‎15．I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of our life.‎ ‎16．How did it come about that he was always so busy?‎ ‎17．With summer approaching，the temperature is going up quickly.‎ ‎18．Even if flying is more expensive than land and sea travel，I went there by air to save time.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎19．The measurement(measure) of individual intelligence is very difficult.‎ ‎20．A large quantity of rice was(be) sold at a discount in the market yesterday.‎ ‎21．The air crash resulted in the death of 221 passengers.‎ ‎22．The parents strongly opposed their daughter going(go) there alone.‎ ‎23．Brian had been ill for a long time and consequently(consequence) he was behind in his work.‎ ‎24．I could see at first glance that it wasn’t the work of Xu Beihong.‎ ‎25．Nowadays there is a growing tendency(tend) for people to shop on the Internet.‎ ‎26．There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎27．I do not oppose listening to your story again.‎ 我不反对再次听你的故事。‎ ‎28．As a consequence of/As a result of/In consequence of a great fire，the house was completely destroyed.‎ 由于大火，房子被彻底毁坏了。‎ ‎29．Here we have a range of products，our toys.‎ 我们这儿有一系列的产品，我们的玩具。‎ ‎30．People under stress tend to develop their full range of potential.‎ 处于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。 ‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 Some fish seem to be able to adapt rapidly to climate change.In fact，they might even boom(繁荣) in the warmer ocean in the future，growing bigger and healthier than they can at presentday temperatures.Evidence gathered over the past decade has suggested that climate change will force fish to migrate(迁徙) to cooler waters，or else fish will face extinction.Signs of such migration have already been seen.But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.‎ Philip Munday of James Cook University and his colleagues showed that one key tropical(热带的) fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes.Yet there are questions over the potential cost of such adaptation.The fish’s ability to swim seems to be unchanged，but as Munday noted，“Maybe we’ll see tradeoffs with growth rates.There is no free lunch in this world.”‎ Donelson from Sydney raised several groups of maroon clownfish，which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.She kept one group at temperatures representing presentday conditions on the Great Barrier Reef，from where the parents of the fish were collected.In addition，she kept another group at 1.5℃ warmer and the third group at 3℃ warmer，representing the ocean temperature rise expected by the end of the century.‎ After a year of growing，the fish adapted to the warmer temperatures，upping their aerobic metabolism(有氧代谢)，which seemed to contribute to other benefits：those raised at temperatures 3℃ warmer grew 8 percent larger and 29 percent heavier than ‎ fish raised at lower temperatures.‎ Donelson says that it is hard to make predictions about how different species will deal with climate change.“But at least it won’t be all negative news for all species，” she says.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了一些鱼能够适应气候变化并做出改变。‎ ‎31．What is the main idea of the first paragraph?‎ A．Some fish can adjust to warmer waters.‎ B．Some fish may die out in cooler waters.‎ C．Some fish are forced to move to cooler waters.‎ D．Some fish can grow bigger at presentday temperatures.‎ 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第一段内容，尤其是“But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.”可知，最近的研究表明一些鱼能够适应更温暖的水域，故选A。‎ ‎32．How does one of tropical fish species adjust to the changed surroundings?‎ A．By switching their genes on and off. B．By training their ability to swim.‎ C．By growing quickly. D．By living in a group.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“one key tropical(热带的) fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes”可知，这种鱼通过改变基因来适应周围环境的改变，故选A。‎ ‎33．What can we know from Donelson’s experiment?‎ A．The clownfish she raised are from the Great Barrier Reef.‎ B．She raised the fish in two different temperature conditions.‎ C．The fish raised in the warmest waters grow largest and heaviest.‎ D．After a year’s growing，the fish failed to adjust to warmer temperatures.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，一年后小丑鱼适应了更温暖的环境，并且在温度最高的水域里，小丑鱼长得最大、最重，故C项正确。‎ ‎34．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．Climate change has a positive effect on all the species.‎ B．Species which can adapt to climate change would survive.‎ C．Different species will deal with climate change in the same way.‎ D．Fish is not the only species that can meet the challenge of climate change.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据本段大意可知，多纳尔森说很难预测不同的物种如何应对气候变化，但对于所有的物种来说并不都是坏消息，由此可推知，鱼类不是唯一可以适应气候变化的物种，故选D。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 Conservationists are breeding(饲养) lions in the Southern African nation of Zimbabwe.The wildlife experts hope to increase the lion population to keep the great cats from 35 .‎ In some areas，lions and human beings are 36 control of land.Researchers ‎ believe something must be done quickly to 37 the animals.‎ The African Lion and Environmental Research Trust(ALERT) has more than 100 38 in its breeding program.Antelope Park Farm is one of two sites ALERT operates in Zimbabwe.‎ Gary Jones heads the Antelope Park Farm.He says ALERT has become involved 39 a sharp drop in the number of lions.His group believes this has been 40 mainly by humans.There are more people moving to this area every year.The lions have 41 land on which to live.‎ Gary Jones says the decrease in the lion population affects the whole 42 .He adds that other African nations are also seeing the 43 effects of this.‎ There are countries， 44 in central and north Africa，where the lion population has reached a(n) 45 level.Burundi，a country of eastcentral Africa，for instance，does not have lions in its national parks.It 46 wants to have lions reintroduced back into its national parks.The reason is that when you take the lion out of the equation(平衡)，suddenly you get all 47 things start happening with the balance of 48 .For example，you get too many prey(猎物) species，like giraffes and zebras.‎ The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization says 49 animals are threatened when farmers try to 50 their plants or animals.‎ Rene Czudek works for the UN agency.He says his organization has 51 a humanwildlife tool kit(成套工具) that some countries are using to reduce 52 between humans and wildlife.“In fact，the tool kit is a kind of instrument that extension workers can use with the 53 —explain to them how wildlife behaves，and then show them what the risky behaviors are，and how they should 54 their fields accordingly，” Mr Czudek said.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生态保护者设法保护非洲的狮子。‎ ‎35．A.disappearing B．attacking C．changing D．arriving 答案　A 解析　由上文的“increase the lion population”可推断，野生动物保护专家希望采取措施来防止狮子“消失(disappearing)”。‎ ‎36．A.waiting for B．cheering for C．competing for D．looking for 答案　C 解析　在一些地方，狮子和人类正在“争夺(competing for)”对土地的控制。‎ ‎37．A.train B．observe C．catch D．save 答案　D 解析　由第四段中的“a sharp drop in the number of lions”可推断，研究人员认为必须尽快采取措施“拯救(save)”这种动物。‎ ‎38．A.giraffes B．lions C．zebras D．antelopes 答案　B 解析　由文章开头的“breeding(饲养) lions”可知。‎ ‎39．A.instead of B．because of C．in place of D．in spite of 答案　B 解析　由于狮子数量骤减，所以ALERT要保护它们。故选because of。‎ ‎40．A.known B．studied C．caused D．prevented 答案　C 解析　由下文的“There are more people moving to this area every year.”可推断，狮子数量减少主要是人类“造成(caused)”的。‎ ‎41．A.less B．worse　C．more D．better 答案　A 解析　由上文的“There are more people moving to this area every year.”可推断，狮子赖以生存的土地减少了。故选less。‎ ‎42．A.environment B．background C．industry D．position 答案　A 解析　狮子数量减少影响了整个“自然环境(environment)”。‎ ‎43．A.immediate B．possible C．magical D．disastrous 答案　D 解析　由下段可知，其他非洲国家也看到了狮子数量减少所带来的“灾难性的(disastrous)”影响。‎ ‎44．A.usually B．finally C．gradually D．particularly 答案　D 解析　在一些国家，“尤其是(particularly)”位于非洲中部和北部的国家，狮子数量已经达到了“令人担忧的(worrying)”地步。‎ ‎45．A.acceptable B．worrying C．reasonable D．necessary 答案　B 解析　参见上题解析。‎ ‎46．A.frequently B．simply C．naturally D．desperately 答案　D 解析　布隆迪“极度(desperately)”想将狮子再次引入到国家公园。‎ ‎47．A.small B．similar C．strange D．ideal 答案　C 解析　由下文的“you get too many prey(猎物) species，like giraffes and zebras”可知，没有狮子会导致一系列“奇怪的(strange)”事情发生。‎ ‎48．A.nature B．body　C．power D．trade 答案　A 解析　由下文所举的猎物增多的例子可推断，此处是说“自然生态平衡”。故选nature。‎ ‎49．A.live B．wild　C．large D．trapped 答案　B 解析　由下文的“when farmers try to...their plants or animals”可推断，此处是说野生动物受到威胁。故选wild。‎ ‎50．A.protect B．move C．use D．improve 答案　A 解析　农民会设法“保护(protect)”他们的植物或动物。‎ ‎51．A.put up with B．caught up with C．come up with D．kept up with 答案　C 解析　他所在的组织已经“想出(come up with)”一套缓解人类和野生生物冲突的工具。‎ ‎52．A.pressure B．distance C．speed D．conflict 答案　D 解析　由下文的“explain to them how wildlife behaves，and then show them what the risky behaviors are，and how ...”可知，这套工具可以用来缓解人类和野生生物之间的“冲突(conflict)”。‎ ‎53．A.farmers B．workers C．gardeners D．experts 答案　A 解析　由下文可知，这套工具是供推广人员向“农民(farmers)”宣传有关环保知识时使用的。‎ ‎54．A.clear B．water C．find D．plan 答案　D 解析　上文多次提到狮子(或野生生物)和人类争夺土地，因此，要缓解二者之间的冲突就需要教育农民如何相应地“规划(plan)”自己的田地。‎ Ⅶ.语法填空 ‎“Save environment，save life” is a most common and important saying nowadays.Just by making a few small changes，we can make a big contribution and save our environment.When the entire society starts making these changes，we 55 (create) a beautiful world. ‎ Start by 56 (turn) off the lights，TVs and other electrical items when we leave a room.If possible，avoid using a dryer but hang your clothes on a clothesline.Not only will you save power and reduce your contribution to 57 (globe) warming，but also you will have clothes that last longer.‎ Replace plastic bags 58 recycling paper bags.The white pollution is one of the 59 (big) environmental problems that are now troubling the whole world.‎ Do your bit for nature by planting a tree.If all of us plant trees， 60 will make the whole world green.‎ Aside from 61 is mentioned above，there are many you can do as far as environmental 62 (protect) is concerned.Just pay attention to your own deeds that ‎ are contributing 63 the environmental problems on this planet.Just do your bit and it will make a big 64 (different)．‎ 语篇解读　保护环境就是保护我们的生命。只要我们做一些小小的改变，就能产生巨大的影响。作者列举了一些日常的、我们力所能及的保护环境的举措。‎ ‎55．答案　will create 解析　考查时态。句意为：当全社会都开始做出这些改变时，我们将会创造一个美丽的世界。根据语境可知此处表示将来含义。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。‎ ‎56．答案　turning 解析　考查非谓语动词。介词by后应加动名词作宾语，故填turning。‎ ‎57．答案　global 解析　考查形容词。warming在此是名词，意为“变暖；升温”，修饰名词应用形容词global。‎ ‎58．答案　with 解析　考查固定搭配。replace...with...为固定结构，意为“用……代替……”。‎ ‎59．答案　biggest 解析　考查形容词最高级。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“……中最……之一”。故此处应用形容词最高级，故填biggest。‎ ‎60．答案　we 解析　考查代词。根据句意“如果我们都植树，我们将会使整个世界变绿”可知，此处应填人称代词主格we。‎ ‎61．答案　what 解析　考查连接词。句意为：除了上述提到的……，填what，表示“所……的”。‎ ‎62．答案　protection 解析　考查名词。根据空前的形容词可知设空处应填名词，environmental protection意为“环境保护”，符合句意。‎ ‎63．答案　to 解析　考查固定搭配。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“促成，造成”。‎ ‎64．答案　difference 解析　考查名词。形容词big应修饰名词，make a big difference是固定表达，意为“意义重大；产生很大影响”。‎ Period Three　Learning about Language & Using Language ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎1．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的 ‎2．economical adj.经济的；节约的 ‎3．outer adj.外部的；外面的 ‎4．commitment n．承诺；交托；信奉 ‎5．electrical adj.电的；与电有关的 ‎6．appliance n．用具；工具；器具 ‎7．motor n．发动机 ‎8．circumstance n．环境；情况 ‎9．presentation n．显示；演出 ‎10．disagreement n．分歧；不一致 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每题3分，满分30分)‎ ‎11．tendency n．倾向；趋势 ‎12．average adj.平均的 ‎13．existence n．生存；存在→exist v．存在 ‎14．advocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张 ‎15．pollution n．污染；弄脏→pollute vt.污染 ‎16．growth n．增长；生长→grow vi.生长；增长 ‎17．casual adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的→casually adv.随便地；偶然地 ‎18．refresh vt.使恢复；使振作 ‎19．educator n．教育工作者；教育家→educate v．教育→education n．教育 ‎20．contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献 Ⅲ.写出下列短语(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎21．大体上；基本上on the whole ‎22．代表……一方；作为……的代言人on behalf of ‎23．承担义务have a commitment ‎24．改善环境improve the environment ‎25．有影响make a difference ‎26．忍受；容忍put up with ‎27．只要as/so long as ‎28．等等and so on ‎29．可回收材料recycled materials ‎30．节约能源be economical with energy Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题6分，满分30分)‎ ‎31．However，I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.‎ 然而我仍认为人们应该支持改善当今能源消耗的方式。‎ ‎32．As I’m not sure where to start with my project，I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.‎ 由于我不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，如能得到你们的建议我将十分感激。‎ ‎33．The growth of the greenhouse gas，carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day.空气中的温室气体二氧化碳的增长的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。‎ ‎34．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off!‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！‎ ‎35．It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.‎ 用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，如有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.True(T) or False(F)‎ ‎1．The author(Ouyang Guang) thinks that individuals have little effect on ‎ environmental problems.(F)‎ ‎2．In fact，everyone’s contribution makes a difference in protecting our earth.(T)‎ ‎3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on if you aren’t using it.(F)‎ Ⅱ.Read the letters carefully and choose the best answer.‎ ‎1．Which is NOT the reason why Ouyang Guang writes the letter?‎ A．He is doing a project on global warming.‎ B．He feels individuals can affect huge environmental problems.‎ C．He isn’t sure where to start with his project.‎ D．He wants to get some suggestions from Earth Care.‎ 答案　B ‎2．Which is NOT true according to the second letter?‎ A．Together，individuals can make a difference to environmental problems.‎ B．Individuals must put up with pollution.‎ C．Many activities individuals do can produce carbon dioxide.‎ D．Individuals can save energy to slow down global warming.‎ 答案　B ‎3．Which is NOT Earth Care’s suggestion?‎ A．Turn electrical appliances off if you are not using them.‎ B．Put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.‎ C．Buy things made of raw materials.‎ D．Walk or ride a bike if you can.‎ 答案　C ‎4．Who is the writer of the first letter?‎ A．An editor. B．Ouyang Guang.‎ C．Earth Care. D．B and C.‎ 答案　B ‎5．What’s the main idea of the two letters?‎ A．Some organizations should do something about global warming.‎ B．Suggestions on what to do about global warming.‎ C．Individuals needn’t do anything about global warming.‎ D．Governments should take measures about global warming.‎ 答案　B ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃.‎ 温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15℃。‎ average adj.平均的；n.平均，平均数；平均水平 above/below (the) average高/低于平均水平 on (the/an) average平均；一般地 ‎(1)The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.(2018•全国Ⅰ)‎ 家用电器的平均持有量从1992年的每户4件上升到2007年的每户13件。‎ ‎(2)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person.(2017•全国Ⅱ) ‎ 弗雷德是一个普通的学生，但不是个普通人。‎ ‎(3)He is working hard and his grade is above (the) average in his class.‎ 他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。‎ ‎(4)On (the/an) average，men smoke more cigarettes than women.一般来说，男士比女士吸烟多。‎ ‎ I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.‎ 我正代表我的学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。‎ on behalf of sb.＝on sb.’s behalf代表或代替某人；‎ 为了某人的利益 ‎[易混辨析]　on behalf of，represent，stand for ‎※on behalf of是介词短语。‎ ‎※represent v．用来表示“代表某人/某个团体(政府等)”“某种标志代表什么”“某物表现的是什么”和“把某人(物)描绘成什么”。‎ ‎※stand for动词短语，往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表什么”。‎ ‎(1)I will take part in the sports meeting on behalf of our school.‎ ‎＝I will represent our school to take part in the sports meeting.‎ 我将代表我们学校参加运动会。‎ ‎(2)What do the letters on the flag stand for?‎ 这面旗上的字母代表什么？‎ ‎ Together，individuals can make a difference.‎ 众人拾柴火焰高。‎ make a difference有影响；起(重要)作用 make some/no difference to对……有一些/没有影响 ‎(1)Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference in the world.(2017•北京)‎ 汉娜是很多对世界有影响的年轻人榜样中的一个例子。‎ ‎(2)Age makes no difference to whether you get the job or not.‎ 你能否得到这个工作与年龄无关。‎ ‎ We do not have to put up with pollution.‎ 我们不必去忍受污染。‎ put up with容忍，忍受 put on上映，上演；播放；穿上 put aside节省；储蓄 put away收起来 put down记下；镇压 put forward提出；把……拨快 put out扑灭 ‎(1)One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart.(2018•江苏)‎ 吸引顾客留下额外点餐的一种方法就是播放莫扎特的曲子。‎ ‎(2)The woman is trying to put aside some money for her son’s education every month.‎ 这个女人每月尽量为儿子的教育攒些钱。‎ ‎(3)You’d better ask your children to put away all the toys.‎ 你最好让你的孩子们把玩具全部收起来放好。‎ ‎(4)He spoke so fast that I couldn’t put down what he said.‎ 他说得那么快，我根本记不下来他说的话。‎ ‎ Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.‎ 如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。‎ circumstance n．环境；情况；境况(常用复数)‎ under/in no circumstances无论如何都不，决不(放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装)‎ under/in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此 ‎(1)Under the circumstances she could do nothing but wait.在这种情况下，她除了等待别无选择。‎ ‎(2)Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。‎ ‎ Remember—your contribution counts！‎ 记住：你的贡献是很有价值的！‎ contribution n．贡献；捐款；稿件 ‎※make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.为(做)某事作出贡献 ‎※contribute v．贡献；捐献，捐助；投稿 contribute to为……作贡献；有助于；促成 contribute...to...为……捐款；向……投稿 ‎(1)Everyone should make a contribution/contributions to protecting the environment.‎ 每个人都应为保护环境作出贡献。‎ ‎(2)Regular exercise will contribute to your health.‎ 有规律的锻炼会有助于你的健康。‎ ‎(3)He has contributed a number of articles to the magazine.他给这家杂志社撰写了许多文章。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)Reading English every morning will contribute to improveimproving your oral English.‎ 经典句式 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off！‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ if not如果不是这样，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示否定意义；如果表示肯定意义，则用if so，意为“如果是这样”。‎ if ever如果有过/发生过的话 if any如果有的话；如果可能的话 if possible如果有可能 ‎(1)Are you ready？If so，let’s set off at once.‎ 你准备好了吗？如果准备好了，我们立刻出发。‎ ‎(2)The girl seldom，if ever，turned to her brother for protection.‎ 这个女孩，如果有过，也不经常向她哥哥寻求保护。‎ ‎(3)Wash it in water，pick out the small particles，if any.‎ 用清水冲洗它，如果有的话，把小颗粒拣出来。‎ ‎(4)She wants to go with us，if possible.‎ 可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I can put up with the house being untidy，but I hate it if it is not clean.‎ ‎2．He is ill，so I will attend the ceremony on behalf of him.‎ ‎3．Young people have made a great contribution(contribute) to China’s economic development.‎ ‎4．Whether he is here or not will make no difference(differ) to our work.‎ ‎5．There exists(exist) a generation gap between the young and the old.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎6．Is that a size 6 hat？If so，it will do me.‎ 那帽子是六号的吗？如果是，对我来说正合适。‎ ‎7．Education can make a big difference to the quality of a person’s life.‎ 教育对一个人的生活品质有很大影响。‎ ‎8．Under/In no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapons.‎ 我们在任何情况下绝不首先使用核武器。‎ ‎9．Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.‎ 食用含太多脂肪的食物会引起心脏病，导致高血压。‎ ‎10．On average，American firms remain the most productive in the world.‎ 平均起来，美国公司在全球范围内还是产值最高。 ‎ Ⅲ.课文短文改错 ‎ I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Sometimes I felt that individuals can not have any effect at such huge environmental problems.Anyway，I’m not sure where to start it with my project.So I would love to get any suggestion.It is suggested that we took many measures.For example，we can buy things making from recycled materials.Planting trees is also good way.Important，we can ask your family and friends to work together with us.We can get our parents to buy products that are made to save energy.Remembering—our contribution counts.‎ 答案 ‎ I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Sometimes I feltfeel that individuals can not have any effect aton such huge environmental problems.Anyway，I’m not sure where to start it with my project.So I would love to get any suggestionsuggestions.It is suggested that we tooktake many measures.For example，we can buy things makingmade from recycled materials.Planting trees is also ∧a good way.ImportantImportantly，we can ask yourour family and friends to ‎ work together with us.We can get our parents to buy products that are made to save energy.RememberingRemember—our contribution counts.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Wherever you go，you can find this kind of widespread(分布广的) plant.‎ ‎2．Barbara is in her late forties and has a tendency(倾向) to complain about what she doesn’t feel content with.‎ ‎3．If you are serious about our relationship，you should make a commitment(承诺)．‎ ‎4．He is the only person who advocates(主张) building a dam between the two rivers.‎ ‎5．There has been a growth(增长) in the number of college students.‎ ‎6．A cool drink refreshed(使恢复) me after my long walk.‎ ‎7．Robert’s contributions(贡献) to the company should also be remembered.‎ ‎8．As the average(平均的) age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.‎ ‎9．There was apparent disagreement(不一致) between their stories.‎ ‎10．They are thinking of ways to deal with air pollution(污染)．‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎11．Under these circumstances(circumstance)，you might agree with us that it is rather difficult for your products to set foot in this market.‎ ‎12．Tom is a top student，and he is above the average in his reading ability.‎ ‎13．Let me put down your telephone number in case I forget it.‎ ‎14．We haven’t decided whether to go(go) camping next week.‎ ‎15．My deskmate is good，kind，hardworking and intelligent.On the whole，I can’t speak too highly of him.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎16．No one knows when such a custom came into existencesexistence.‎ ‎17．Our students should study hard and make ∧a或contributioncontributions to our society.‎ ‎18．She was dressed casualcasually in jeans and a sweatshirt.‎ ‎19．Though he works hard，his marks are still overbelow average.‎ ‎20．I advocate banbanning trucks in the city centre because it will reduce air pollution and noise.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎21．As is shown in the picture above，under no circumstances should you lose faith.‎ 正如上面图画所显示的那样，你在任何情况下都不要失去信心。‎ ‎22．In that case，we will have to learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.‎ 那样，我们将不得不学会忍受他的一些缺点并设法发现他的优点。‎ ‎23．In our life we may meet many failures，but so/as long as we try our best，there is no need to regret these failures.‎ 生活中我们可能遇到许多的失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。‎ ‎24．I’m greatly honored to put on performances here on behalf of my school.‎ 很荣幸在这儿代表我的学校演出。‎ ‎25．If possible，try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.‎ 如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 A ‎ All around the world，shoppers flock to Walmart to buy everything.In Texas，they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine(涡轮机)，which supplies 5% of the store’s electricity.It along with other facilities，such as exterior walls coated with heatreflective paint，makes this Walmart a green giant.‎ ‎ ‎ The laws of economics suggest that Walmart，with 5,200 stores worldwide，influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods.It throws its weight behind environmental responsibility，and the impact could be amazing.“One little change in product packaging could save 1,500 trees，” says Walmart CEO Lee Scott.“If everybody saves 1,500 trees，or 50 barrels of oil，at the end of the day you will make a huge difference.”‎ Scott wants Walmart to do its part too.He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse gas emissions(排放) over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient.He wants Walmart’s fleet(车队) of more than 7,000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015.Factories that show Walmart they’re cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain.Walmart says it’s working with consumer product manufacturers to reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so.‎ Some people may doubt whether it is a bid to attract attention from Walmart’s controversial labor and health insurance practices.But it’s not just window dressing，because Walmart sees profits in going green.Scott says，“This is a business philosophy，not a social philosophy.We don’t go where we don’t think there’s a great interest in change.”‎ Like Bill Gates，who started his charitable foundation，Scott happens to be promoting Walmart’s image at a time when his company’s reputation is declining.He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield(保护) Walmart from bad press about its contribution to global warming.“By doing what we’re doing today，we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything，” he says.“At some point businesses will be held responsible for the actions they take.” Meanwhile，should Walmart succeed in shrinking its environmental footprints and lowering prices for green products，both the planet and the company would profit.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了沃尔玛采取的保护环境的措施以及采取这些措施后所带来的利益。‎ ‎26．We can infer from the passage that .‎ A．Lee Scott is Walmart’s CEO B．there are 5,200 stores in the world C．Walmart has a great influence on the world market D．Walmart has more than 7,000 trucks all over the world 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。从第二段中的“The laws of economics suggest...influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods.”可以推断出，沃尔玛对全球市场有巨大的影响，因此C项正确。‎ ‎27．What does the underlined sentence mean in the fourth paragraph?‎ A．Walmart predicts huge profits in its green activity.‎ B．Walmart’s green activity is just window dressing.‎ C．Walmart aims to solve its health insurance practices.‎ D．Walmart doesn’t have any social responsibility at all.‎ 答案　A 解析　句意理解题。从第四段，特别是画线句后面的“We don’t go where we don’t think there’s a great interest in change.”可推断出，这句话表明：沃尔玛从这些环保的活动中将获得经济利益。‎ ‎28．What will Walmart probably do in the future?‎ A．Reduce air pollution in its present stores.‎ B．Give favorable treatment to its consumers.‎ C．Ask the factories to reduce their packaging.‎ D．Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，未来沃尔玛会关注减少空气污染的问题。‎ ‎29．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ A．Provide the background of the green plan.‎ B．Stress the purpose of Walmart’s green plan.‎ C．Present the risks that Walmart is facing nowadays.‎ D．Analyze the similarities between Bill Gates and Scott.‎ 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段第二句“He acknowledges ...global warming.”可知，这段主要分析了沃尔玛采取这些措施的目的。‎ B ‎ Due to climate changes，Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring，and its area is decreasing.This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.‎ ‎ ‎ Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean.But as the ice has melted，the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land.There，they have begun to frequent(常去) beaches，feeding on the remains of whales caught by native hunters.For polar bears，this food is less nutritious than seals that they normally catch on ice sheets.The shrinking(减少) ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean.In the past，they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets.But as the ice has shrunk，polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean.This poses a severe danger during rough weather，and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been ‎ observed.‎ In Hudson Bay，the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago.Polar bears on Hudson Bay fast(绝食) during the summer，waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt.Every year，the summer gets longer，and the bears get skinnier.Over the past 25 years，the average weight of the female bears has dropped 68 kg.This loss affects their ability to reproduce，and already the number of births has dropped by 15 percent.Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes，these giants of the ice may one day disappear.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述了气候变化对于北极熊的生存及繁殖带来的不利影响。‎ ‎30．What is Arctic ice doing earlier each year?‎ A．It’s freezing. B．It’s hardening.‎ C．It’s melting. D．It’s expanding.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring”可知，北极冰川每年春天较早时候就开始融化。‎ ‎31．What is true of polar bears that are spending more time on land in Alaska?‎ A．Their young are dying.‎ B．Their diet is changing.‎ C．Their health is improving.‎ D．Their families are growing.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可以看出北极熊正常情况下吃在冰面上可以捕捉到的海豹，但现在由于冰的减少，它们只能以当地猎人捕捉的鲸的残余物为食了。‎ ‎32．What does the writer imply about female polar bears in Hudson Bay?‎ A．They are having fewer young now.‎ B．They suffer from various sicknesses.‎ C．They don’t need stronger protection.‎ D．They can’t find enough good males.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。从最后一段第四和第五两句可知，北极熊的出生率已经下降了15%。‎ ‎33．In which publication would you most likely find this passage?‎ A．Medical News. B．Society Today.‎ C．Wildlife Journal. D．Design Magazine.‎ 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。通读全篇可以发现文章叙述的是全球气候的变化给北极熊带来的负面影响，而北极熊属于野生动物，所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自《野生动物杂志》。‎ Ⅵ.七选五 You need to dress warmly when you play in the snow.And to get around in deep snow，you might need snowshoes.‎ Animals need winter coats and snowshoes too.‎ A musk ox(麝牛) wears two coats in winter. 34 It keeps the inner coat of soft fur warm and dry.The furry undercoat falls off each spring and the ox grows a new one ‎ every winter.‎ A snowshoe rabbit changes its coat to match the season. 35 In winter it grows white fur to match the snow.It even has fur on the bottoms of its feet.‎ ‎ 36 A seal(海豹) has an extra layer under its fur coat too.This thick layer of fat lies under the seal’s skin and is great at holding in heat，especially in the water.‎ The Arctic fox has fur on the bottoms of its feet and one of the warmest double coats of any animal.But on very cold and windy days，it adds something. 37 A polar bear’s big feet act like snowshoes. 38 The bottom of each foot is protected by fur and the fur helps the bear walk on the snowy ground.‎ A．It can run very quickly.‎ B．Do you wear a sweater under your coat?‎ C．They can move quickly across the snow.‎ D．The outer coat reaches almost to the ground.‎ E．It uses its thick tail like a scarf to cover its nose and face.‎ F．In summer its brown fur helps it hide among dirt and rocks.‎ G．They spread out the bear’s weight so it can walk easily on the snow.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物如何抵御寒冷以及在冰天雪地里行走。‎ ‎34．答案　D 解析　根据上一句中的“wears two coats”及下句中的“the inner coat”可知，D项“外面的皮毛几乎垂到地面”符合语境。D项中的“outer coat”与下一句中的“inner coat”相呼应。‎ ‎35．答案　F 解析　根据该空前的“changes its coat to match the season”和该空后的“In winter it grows white fur to match the snow.”可知，雪鞋兔的皮毛为了和不同的季节保持协调而发生变化，因此F项介绍雪鞋兔的皮毛在夏天时的情况符合语境。F项中的In summer和下一句中的In winter形成对比。‎ ‎36．答案　B 解析　根据该空后的“an extra layer under its fur coat too”可知，B项“你在外套里面穿毛衣吗？ ”符合语境。B项中的“a sweater under your coat”与下一句中的“an extra layer under its fur coat”相呼应。‎ ‎37．答案　E 解析　根据该空前的“it adds something”可知，北极狐的尾巴还可当作围巾使用，包裹鼻子和脸。‎ ‎38．答案　G 解析　根据该空前的“A polar bear’s big feet act like snowshoes.”可知，G项“北极熊宽大的脚可以分摊自身的重量并且保证它们在雪上轻松行走”符合此处语境。‎ Ⅶ.微写作 ‎ 写作素材 (关于环保)‎ ‎1．有些科学家同意全球变暖是个灾难的观点。‎ ‎2．持续增长的温度可能会导致洪水、干旱和饥荒。‎ ‎3．其他科学家反对这种观点，认为这种变暖会很温和，不会在环境方面导致严重的后果。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。‎ ‎ 连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ ‎ Some scientists subscribe to the view that global warming will be a catastrophe. The steady going up of the temperature may result in floods，droughts and famines. Others are opposed to this view，saying the warming will be mild with no severe environmental consequences.‎ Period Four　Grammar—The use of “it”(2)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题 ‎1．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer(see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.‎ ‎2．It was a scientist called Charles Keeling who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.‎ ‎3．They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.‎ 这些句子都是强调句型，句中的划线部分标出了句中的强调结构，即：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。句首用it，be动词总是用单数形式，即is或was，连接词一般用that，当被强调部分是“人”时，连接词也可用who。‎ ‎ ‎ 强调句型中的it：‎ ‎1．肯定句 It is (was)＋被强调部分＋that (who)＋其他部分：‎ It was in Beijing that I saw the film Wolf Warriors Ⅱ.‎ 我是在北京看了电影《战狼Ⅱ》。‎ ‎2．否定句 It is (was) not＋被强调部分＋that (who)＋其他部分 It is (was) not until...＋that＋其他部分：‎ It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing him again.‎ ‎＝I did not have an opportunity of seeing him again for several years.‎ 我有好几年没有机会再见到他了。‎ It was not until twelve o’clock last night that he went to bed.‎ ‎＝He didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night.‎ 昨晚他12点才去睡觉。‎ It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.‎ ‎＝I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.‎ 直到下车我才意识到这一点。‎ ‎3．疑问句 ‎(1)强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前，即：Is(Was) it＋被强调部分＋that(who)＋其他部分：‎ Was it you who/that broke the window?‎ 是你把窗户打破了吗？‎ ‎(2)强调句的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词即可，即：特殊疑问词＋is (was) it＋that＋其他部分：‎ Who was it that broke the window?‎ 打破窗户的是谁？‎ When was it that you called me yesterday?‎ 你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？‎ ‎ 特别提示 　(1)不论强调句子的哪一部分，都可用that连接句子的其余部分。‎ ‎(2)被强调部分指人时，可用who取代that。‎ ‎(3)it之后的be动词的时态通常要与that之后的谓语保持一致。‎ ‎ 疑难辨析 ‎ ‎ 高考中单纯考查it强调句型的试题越来越少，更多的是把它放在一个复杂的语境中，其中含有很多干扰因素在内，让人难以判断。具体表现在以下几个方面：‎ ‎1．与主谓一致结合在一起考查。‎ 强调主语时，that或who后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语的人称与数保持一致。‎ It is he who is wrong.错的是他。‎ ‎2．强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。‎ It was at 8 o’clock that he arrived home.‎ 他是八点到家的。‎ It was 8 o’clock when he arrived home.‎ 他到家时八点了。‎ ‎3．强调句型不能强调谓语，如需强调谓语，用助动词do，does 或did。‎ He did write to you last week.‎ 他上星期确实给你写信了。‎ ‎4．强调句型与定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句结合在一起。‎ It was at the school that/which was named after the hero that he spent his childhood.‎ 他是在那所以英雄的名字命名的学校度过了他的童年。‎ ‎ ‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018•天津)‎ ‎2．It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.(2017•天津)‎ ‎3．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.(2016•天津)‎ ‎4．It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015•湖南)‎ ‎5．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015•重庆)‎ ‎6．It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.‎ ‎(2014•湖南)‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It was in France that he fell in love with oil paintings.‎ ‎2．It was on the farm where his father worked that he was born.‎ ‎3．How was it that she managed to persuade her husband to resign from the company?‎ ‎4．It was Lucy and Mary that were chosen to attend the ceremony.‎ ‎5．What was it that made your teacher so angry the other day?‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎6．It was on the playground wherethat he found his jacket.‎ ‎7．It was because of the bad weather sothat the football match had to be put off.‎ ‎8．It iswas by selling vegetables that he used to support his family.‎ ‎9．It was in the year 1995 whenthat she left for the USA for further study.‎ ‎10．It werewas her parents that helped her out when she was in trouble.‎ Ⅲ.翻译句子 ‎11．是苏珊和约翰昨天没来上学。‎ It was Susan and John who/that were absent from school yesterday.‎ ‎12．直到战争结束他才回到了他的祖国。‎ It was not until the war was over that he went back to his motherland.‎ ‎13．这位女士正在寻找的是一本中文词典。‎ It was a Chinese dictionary that the lady was looking for.‎ ‎14．你到底是什么时候收到礼物的？‎ When was it that you received the gift?‎ ‎15．这位教授是在1968年从山东大学毕业的吗？‎ Was it in 1968 that the professor graduated from Shandong University？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It was not just the size of the party last night but what it meant to our company that made it unique.‎ ‎2．He was so busy yesterday that it was not until late at night that he finished his work.‎ ‎3．It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.‎ ‎4．—When did you come back last night?‎ ‎—It was not until 11 o’clock when the party ended.‎ ‎5．Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?‎ ‎6．It is five months since my son went to America.‎ ‎7．It was five months ago that my son went to America.‎ ‎8．It will be half a year before my son comes back from America.‎ ‎9．It was midnight when she was woken up by a phone call.‎ ‎10．It was at midnight that she was woken up by a phone call.‎ Ⅱ.强调下列各句中的黑体部分 ‎11．I was taught how to drive last year.‎ ‎→It was last year that I was taught how to drive.‎ ‎12．What he said satisfied all the people present.‎ ‎→It was what he said that satisfied all the people present.‎ ‎13．In the city where they spent their holiday，they had a quarrel for the first time.‎ ‎→It was in the city where they spent their holiday that they had a quarrel for the first time.‎ ‎14．Where did the police find the missing child? ‎ ‎→Where was it that the police found the missing child?‎ ‎15．They didn’t leave to travel until they finished the work.‎ ‎→It was not until they finished the work that they left to travel.‎ ‎16．Because they couldn’t stand the big noise，they decided to move out of the house near the railway.‎ ‎→It was because they couldn’t stand the big noise that they decided to move out of the house near the railway.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎17．It was when he lost what he had that he realized it was very important.(强调时间状语)‎ 只有当他失去他所拥有的东西时他才意识到它很重要。‎ ‎18．It was because he was ill that he didn’t go to school.(强调原因状语)‎ 因为生病，他没有去上学。‎ ‎19．It was the driver that/who was to blame for the car accident.(强调主语)‎ 这位司机应为车祸负责。‎ ‎20．I wondered where it was that I had left my wallet.(强调where)‎ 我想知道我把钱包落在哪儿了。‎ ‎21．When was it that the tower was built？(强调疑问词)‎ 这座塔是什么时候建的？‎ ‎22．Is it by plane that they will go to travel？(强调方式状语)‎ 他们将乘飞机去旅行吗？‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 In 1978，I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney，Australia.I was looking forward to having five days off from duty.Unfortunately，the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left.So I thought I’d hitch a ride(搭便车)．‎ I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me.Finally，a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon.He said that although he couldn’t give me a lift，I should come back to his house for lunch.He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry.I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured(使……放心) me I was safe，and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards.When we arrived at his house，he made us sandwiches.After lunch，he helped me find a lift home.‎ Twentyfive years later，in 2003，while I was driving to a nearby town one day，I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat，trying to hitch a ride.I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I’d been given decades earlier.I pulled over and picked him up.I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.‎ After a few moments of small talk，the man said to me，“You haven’t changed a bit，even your red hair is still the same.”‎ I couldn’t remember where I’d met him.He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago.It was Gordon.‎ 语篇解读　25年前“我”得到Gordon的帮助，25年后Gordon又偶然地得到“我”的帮助。作者通过这个故事告诉我们：给予有时会产生好的结果。‎ ‎23．The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because .‎ A．her work delayed her trip to Sydney B．she missed the only train back home C．she was going home for her holiday D．the town was far away from Sydney 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，唯一的一趟回家的火车已经离开，所以“我”想搭便车回家，故B项正确。‎ ‎24．Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2?‎ A．He helped the girl find a ride.‎ B．He gave the girl a ride back home.‎ C．He bought sandwiches for the girl.‎ D．He watched the girl for three hours.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句“...he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards.”及最后一句可知，A项正确。‎ ‎25．The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that .‎ A．she realized he was Gordon B．she had known him for decades C．she was going to the nearby town D．she wanted to repay the favour she once got 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，“我”认为这是回报二十五年前给“我”帮助的人的又一次机会。故D项正确。‎ ‎26．What does the author want to tell the readers through the story?‎ A．Those who give rides will be repaid.‎ B．Good manners bring about happiness.‎ C．Giving sometimes produces nice results.‎ D．People should offer free rides to others.‎ 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。综合全文内容可知，25年前“我”得到Gordon的帮助，25年后Gordon又偶然地得到“我”的帮助。所以作者想通过这个故事告诉我们：给予有时会产生好的结果。故选C项。‎ Ⅴ.完形填空 This past summer I went on a journey to Canada’s Arctic with Students On Ice.When I left Calgary I 27 what I would find，what I would learn and who I would meet.On the trip to Ottawa I was wrapped 28 a blanket of uncertainty and ‎ ‎29 .‎ But when I first met the group of students，scientists and leaders，I knew that I didn’t have 30 to worry about.The group was amazingly receptive and I was soon part of a big family 31 on an amazing adventure—an adventure of a lifetime!‎ When we reached the 32 I was surprised by its great size and beauty and my senses were repeatedly 33 and amazed.‎ I stood on the Kapitan Khlebnikov and 34 twelve Polar bears.They walked in 35 of seal holes，and 36 waited for a meal.‎ I learned that polar bears are 37 only one out of every twenty hunting attempts.I saw a vast land that appeared untouched and original.‎ ‎ 38 ，I learned that the Arctic and its people are being threatened by pollution and global warming.I learned that pollutants are 39 by ocean and air and have a bad 40 on all Arctic people.I learned that global warming has put Polar bears at 41 because a warmer climate means that they have a 42 time to hunt seals on the ice.‎ The trip was a 43 for the senses.I have learned more about our environment，and particularly how alive and interesting the Arctic is and 44 it is so important to take care of it.I learned pollution，ignorance of individual and global problems need to be 45 .The Arctic deserves to be preserved.My trip with Students On Ice has made me more determined to try to ensure that I do not leave 46 footprints on either Earth or its people.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要讲了作者去北极地区旅行的经历，及其所见、所闻、所感。‎ ‎27．A.remembered B．felt C．doubted D．wondered 答案　D 解析　remember记得；feel感觉；doubt怀疑；wonder想知道。当我离开卡尔加里的时候，我想知道我将会发现什么，我将会学到什么，以及我将会遇见谁。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎28．A.in B．with C．up D．son 答案　A 解析　be wrapped in完全沉浸于。在去渥太华的途中，我完全被不确定和兴奋笼罩。可知答案为A。‎ ‎29．A.worry B．excitement C．sorrow D．sympathy 答案　B 解析　句意见上题解析。worry担忧；excitement兴奋；sorrow悲痛；sympathy同情。可知答案为B。‎ ‎30．A.nothing B．everything C．anything D．something 答案　C 解析　nothing无事；everything每件事情；anything任何事情；something某事。但当我第一次见到这群学生、科学家和领导者们时，我知道我没有什么可担心的。故选C。‎ ‎31．A.setting out B．looking down C．getting along D．breaking away 答案　A 解析　set out出发；look down往下看；get along进展；break away脱离。开始了一场奇妙的冒险。根据句意可知答案为A。‎ ‎32．A.Calgary B．Arctic C．Ottawa D．Kapitan 答案　B 解析　当我们到达北极的时候，我惊讶于它的壮观和美丽，我的感官被反复地震惊和惊讶。根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎33．A.frozen B．awoken C．shocked D．destroyed 答案　C 解析　句意见上题解析。freeze(使)结冰；awake唤醒；shock使震惊；destroy毁掉。根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎34．A.counted B．seized C．shot D．saw 答案　D 解析　count数数，称得上；seize抓住；shoot射击；see看见。我看到了十二只北极熊。故选D。‎ ‎35．A.search B．sight C．direction D．fear 答案　A 解析　search搜寻；sight视力；direction方向；fear害怕。它们走着寻找海豹的洞，耐心地等待着一顿饭。in search of寻找，搜寻，故答案为A。‎ ‎36．A.happily B．firmly C．constantly D．patiently 答案　D 解析　句意见上题解析。happily高兴地；firmly坚定地；constantly不断地；patiently耐心地。根据句意可知答案为D。‎ ‎37．A.clever B．successful　C．alive D．crazy 答案　B 解析　clever聪明的；successful成功的；alive活着的；crazy疯狂的。我了解到，北极熊每二十次尝试中只有一次成功。故选B。‎ ‎38．A.Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Anyhow 答案　C 解析　therefore因此；besides另外；however然而；anyhow无论如何。然而，我了解到北极和那里的居民正受到污染和全球变暖的威胁。联系上下文此处表示转折。故选C。‎ ‎39．A.blown B．flowed C．carried D．produced 答案　C 解析　blow风吹；flow流动；carry搬运；produce生产。我得知由海洋和空气携带的污染物对所有北极的人都有不好的影响。根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎40．A.effect B．result C．habit D．service 答案　A 解析　effect影响；result结果；habit习惯；service服务。have an effect on sth.对……有影响，故答案为A。‎ ‎41．A.war B．peace C．work D．risk 答案　D 解析　at war处于交战状态；at peace处于和平状态；at work在工作；at risk处于险境，受到威胁。我了解到，全球变暖让北极熊受到威胁，因为气候变暖意味着它们在冰面上捕猎海豹的时间更短。故选D。‎ ‎42．A.fewer B．shorter C．better D．harder 答案　B 解析　句意见上题解析。fewer较少的；shorter更短的；better更好的；harder更难的。根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎43．A.challenge B．feast C．test D．comfort 答案　B 解析　challenge挑战；feast宴会；test 测试；comfort安慰。这次旅行是感官的盛宴。故选B。‎ ‎44．A.how B．when C．why D．where 答案　C 解析　我对我们的环境有了更多的了解，特别是北极是多么的生机勃勃和有趣，以及为什么照顾它是如此的重要。此处是why引导的宾语从句。故选C。‎ ‎45．A.solved B．shown C．mentioned D．understood 答案　A 解析　solve解决；show展示；mention提到；understand明白，理解。我了解到污染、个人的无知和全球性的变暖问题需要被解决。故选A。‎ ‎46．A.clear B．solid C．steady D．harmful 答案　D 解析　clear清楚的；solid固体的；steady稳定的；harmful有害的。努力确保我不会在地球上或其人民身上留下有害的足迹。根据句意可知选D。‎ Ⅵ.语法填空 A rain forest is an area 47 (cover) by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year.Rain forests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. 48 the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere， 49 (warm) the rest of the world.Losing the rain forests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.‎ In the past hundred years，humans 50 (begin) destroying rain forests in search of three major resources：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm 51 (animal)．This action affects the environment as a whole.For ‎ example，a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rain forests.People 52 (obvious) have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees， 53 we will suffer much more than we will benefit.‎ Rain forests are often called the world’s drug store.More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rain forests.However，fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their 54 (medicine) value.It is extremely likely 55 our best chance to cure diseases 56 (lie) somewhere in the world’s shrinking rain forests.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了雨林的作用，以及人们破坏雨林的原因和造成的影响等。‎ ‎47．答案　covered 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰area，它与所修饰的词之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填covered。‎ ‎48．答案　Without 解析　考查介词。句意为：没有雨林覆盖的话，这些区域反射到大气中的热量会更多，从而会使地球其余区域变暖。由句意可知此处应用介词Without。‎ ‎49．答案　warming 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语，它与其逻辑主语(空前描述的这件事)之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填warming。‎ ‎50．答案　have begun 解析　考查时态。根据本句中的时间状语In the past hundred years及下文内容可判断出，此处表示发生在过去，且对现在仍有影响的动作，故应用现在完成时。‎ ‎51．答案　animals 解析　考查名词单复数。animal是可数名词，根据上下文语境可以判断出，此处应用animal的复数形式。故填animals。‎ ‎52．答案　obviously 解析　考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子应用obvious的副词形式。故填obviously。‎ ‎53．答案　but 解析　考查连词。句意为：很明显，我们需要那些我们从砍伐树木中获得的资源，但是我们因此遭受的苦难要比我们所获得的益处要多得多。根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间为转折关系，所以应用but。‎ ‎54．答案　medical 解析　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词value作定语，应用medicine的形容词形式，故填medical。‎ ‎55．答案　that 解析　考查主语从句。本句中的It作形式主语，后面的从句作真正的主语，因为从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，所以此处应用that。‎ ‎56．答案　lies 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。lie是从句中的谓语动词，根据上下文语境可判断出，此处应用一般现在时；又因从句中的主语chance是单数，故填lies。‎ Ⅶ.短文改错 Dear Mr Green，‎ I’m writing to tell you how is going on in our school—a basketball match to be holding next month.The match will be played among Xinhua Middle School Basketball Team and ours.Now we are organizing a basketball team，included a teacher as a player.We honest think you are the right one，so I’d like invite you to join our team.We had also planned to do some training to build up our physical strengths and improve our skills.I am sure it will be a great fun.All of us are expecting him to come.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案　‎ Dear Mr Green，‎ ‎ I’m writing to tell you howwhat is going on in our school—a basketball match to be holdingheld next month.The match will be played amongbetween Xinhua Middle School Basketball Team and ours.Now we are organizing a basketball team，includedincluding a teacher as a player.We honesthonestly think you are the right one，so I’d like ∧to invite you to join our team.We hadhave also planned to do some training to build up our physical strengthsstrength and improve our skills.I am sure it will be a great fun.All of us are expecting himyou to come.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua Period Five　Writing—Persuasive writing：poster ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 本单元要求写一则海报。海报属于应用文，它是向大众发布某种消息的布告，内容多是大众喜闻乐见的消息，如影讯、展览、演出信息、友谊赛等。 ‎ 一、基本结构 海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。‎ ‎1．标题 海报的标题写法较多，可单独在第一行中间写上“海报”字样；可直接用活动的内容做题目，如“舞讯”“影讯”“球讯”等；也可用一些描述性的文字，如“×××再显风采”。‎ ‎2．正文 海报的正文部分要用简洁的文字写清楚活动的目的和意义，活动的主要项目、时间、地点、参加的具体方法及一些必要的注意事项等。‎ ‎3．落款 海报要求署上主办单位的名称及海报的发文日期。‎ 二、注意事项 ‎1．正确使用人称、时态和语态。人称应该用第三人称(邀请性的语句用第二人称)；时态多为一般现在时。‎ ‎2．海报一定要真实具体地写明活动的时间、地点及主要内容。‎ ‎3．注意海报的语言特征。海报文字要求简洁明了；篇幅要短小精悍。文中可以用些鼓动性的词语，但不可夸大事实。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．Green food is safe and healthy for you and all the family.‎ 对于你和你的家人来说，绿色食品是安全和健康的。‎ ‎2．Eating green food is an important step on the road to staying fit and healthy.‎ 吃绿色食品是保持健康的重要一步。‎ ‎3．In order to answer the call of “Protecting the Environment”，we decide to organize an activity in our school.‎ 为了响应“保护环境”的号召，我们决定在我们学校组织一次活动。‎ ‎4．We will take action to make our school more beautiful.‎ 我们将采取行动把我们的学校变得更加美丽。‎ ‎5．We will clean our school and pick up all the rubbish.‎ 我们将打扫校园，捡拾垃圾。‎ ‎6．We shall have a speech competition on environmental protection.‎ 我们将举行环保演讲比赛。‎ ‎7．Our activity will begin at 8 on the morning of November 10 in our school.‎ 我们的活动将于11月10日上午八点在学校举行。‎ ‎8．Every student is welcomed to join us!‎ 欢迎大家积极参与！‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 假如你是你们学校的学生会主席。请根据以下信息，为你校将要举办的一场篮球友谊赛写一则100词左右的英语海报。‎ ‎•参赛球队：来自美国的约克篮球队和本校校队；‎ ‎•比赛时间：11月24日下午；‎ ‎•比赛地点：学校体育馆；‎ ‎•赛后幸运的学生可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。‎ 参考词汇：作为纪念as a souvenir ‎ ‎ ‎ 审题 ‎ ‎1．确定体裁：本文为海报；‎ ‎2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；‎ ‎3．确定时态：本文主要时态应用一般将来时。‎ ‎ 谋篇 ‎ 第一部分：海报的主要内容及活动的时间和地点。‎ 第二部分：活动的特点。‎ 第三部分：发出邀请。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 必备词汇 ‎ ‎1．将要有……There is going to be ...‎ ‎2．一场篮球友谊赛a friendly basketball match ‎3．举行hold ‎4．据说……be said to...‎ ‎5．令人紧张的tense ‎ 关键句式 ‎ ‎1．来自美国的约克篮球队和我们校校队之间将要有一场篮球友谊赛。‎ There is going to be a friendly basketball match between American York Basketball Team and our school team.‎ ‎2．这场篮球赛将于11月24日下午在学校体育馆举行。‎ This basketball match will be held in our school gym on the afternoon of November 24.‎ ‎3．据说两队之间的比赛将会十分紧张，令人兴奋。‎ It is said that the competition between the two teams will be tense and exciting.‎ ‎4．最幸运的学生比赛后可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。‎ The luckiest student can keep the basketball which is used in this match as a souvenir after the match.‎ ‎5．欢迎所有的人去观看比赛。‎ All of you are welcome to the match.‎ ‎ 句式升级 ‎ ‎1．用非限制性定语从句连接句1和句2。‎ There is going to be a friendly basketball match between American York Basketball Team and our school team，which will be held in our school gym on the afternoon of November 24.‎ ‎2．用be said to的形式改写句3。‎ The competition between the two teams is said to be tense and exciting.‎ ‎3．用非谓语作后置定语改写句4。‎ The luckiest student can keep the basketball used in this match as a souvenir after the match.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇100词左右的英语短文。‎ ‎ 参考范文 ‎ A Friendly Basketball Match There is going to be a friendly basketball match between American York Basketball Team and our school team，which will be held in our school gym on the afternoon of November 24.‎ The competition between the two teams is said to be tense and exciting.Besides，the luckiest student can keep the basketball used in this match as a souvenir after the match.‎ All of you are welcome to the match.‎ The Students’ Union 单元知识滚动练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The young man does some running to strengthen(增强) his body.‎ ‎2．You should be ashamed(惭愧的) of yourself for telling such lies.‎ ‎3．The doors opened automatically(自动地) as we approached.‎ ‎4．The doctor said that their baby was abnormal(畸形的)，which made the couple very sad.‎ ‎5．The plan received widespread(普遍的) support throughout the country.‎ ‎6．The unemployment problem tends to be a city phenomenon(现象)．‎ ‎7．Nowadays，China has become the largest consumer of mobile phones.On average(平均)，everyone has a mobile phone.‎ ‎8．Our group still needs one person for the coming presentation(演出)．Why don’t you join us?‎ ‎9．Could you tell me how and when the universe came into existence(存在)?‎ ‎10．The war was a terrible catastrophe(灾难) in which many people died and many buildings were destroyed.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 take risks，in spite of，get into，decide on，result in，be opposed to，subscribe to，as a consequence of，under the circumstances，put up with ‎11．Don’t decide on important matters too quickly.‎ ‎12．If you keep on ignoring the teacher’s advice，you will get into a situation where you fall behind others in all subjects.‎ ‎13．In spite of the bad weather，I had fun meeting friends and relatives.‎ ‎14．He doesn’t want to take risks of losing his job，because he has become the main source of family’s income.‎ ‎15．My father is coughing frequently as a consequence of smoking these days.‎ ‎16．At first he was opposed to our plan，but we managed to argue him round.‎ ‎17．The accident resulted in three people being killed.‎ ‎18．I planned to subscribe to three newspapers.‎ ‎19．Under the circumstances，you’d better not tell him the bad news.‎ ‎20．The noise is so loud that I can’t put up with it.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎21．They lost the game，which made the fans very disappointed(disappoint)．‎ ‎22．When they reached the top of the mountain，they were all breathless(breath)．‎ ‎23．While people may refer to television for uptodate news，it is unlikely(likely) that television will replace the newspaper completely.‎ ‎24．As a matter of fact，every driver knows that it is illegal(legal) to drive after drinking.‎ ‎25．If cancers are spotted early，there’s a high chance of survival(survive)．‎ ‎26．Those trapped(trap) in the burning building managed to escape.‎ ‎27．We oppose copying(copy) everything foreign.‎ ‎28．As we all know，the growth(grow) of crops depends on sunlight.‎ ‎29．Everyone should try to make a contribution(contribute) to our country.‎ ‎30．It is so cold that you cannot go outside unless fully covered(cover) in thick clothes.‎ ‎31．Do you advocate adopting(adopt) a more flexible approach to the matter?‎ ‎32．Lucy has a tendency(tend) to talk too much every day.‎ ‎33．The government spokesperson made a statement(state) to the press.‎ ‎34．Was it in the house where you were born that you experienced the earthquake?‎ ‎35．There are(be) quantities of apples in the basket.‎ Ⅳ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎36．I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as more tiring a day as today.‎ ‎37．Accustomed to liveliving in the beautiful country，Tom found it difficult to live in the crowded city.‎ ‎38．It was the housewife whomthat/who invented the new equipment.‎ ‎39．He glanced toat her to see if she agreed with him.‎ ‎40．Work hard，or you will live a hard life as thea consequence.‎ ‎41．He was fired because of his casuallycasual attitude towards his work.‎ ‎42．He received thean average of 10 letters a week.‎ ‎43．The kind woman has made a contribution to helphelping the poor.‎ ‎44．We are very lucky，for our friendship is developing steadysteadily.‎ ‎45．Exercise can make a big difference forto your state of health.‎ Ⅴ.单元语法——根据要求翻译句子 ‎46．刚才打电话的是莉莉吗？(用强调句型的一般疑问句形式)‎ Was it Lily that phoned just now?‎ ‎47．直到你把作业做完才准出去。(强调not...until...)‎ It is not until you’ve finished your homework that you are allowed to go out.‎ ‎48．第二十九届奥运会在中国举行。(强调地点状语)‎ It was in China that the 29th Olympic Games were held.‎ ‎49．他是在什么地方买到这辆自行车的？(用强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)‎ Where was it that he bought the bike?‎ ‎50．They didn’t meet each other in the park.(用强调句型的否定句改写句子)‎ It was not in the park that they met each other.‎ 单元知识回顾——默写练习(三)‎ Ⅰ.单元知识回顾(共30小题；每题2分，满分60分)‎ ‎1．写出与come有关的短语 ‎(1)发生；造成come about ‎(2)出版；结果是；出来；开花come out ‎(3)发芽；开始；走近；被提出come up ‎(4)想出come up with ‎2．写出与quantity有关的短语 ‎(1)大量的a quantity of/quantities of ‎(2)大量地in quantity/in large quantities ‎3．写出与tend/tendency有关的短语 ‎(1)易于做某事；倾向于做某事tend to do sth.‎ ‎(2)喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事have a tendency to do sth.‎ ‎4．写出与result有关的短语 ‎(1)产生，导致result in ‎(2)由于；由……造成result from ‎(3)结果，因此as a result ‎(4)作为……的结果；因为……as a result of ‎5．写出与consequence有关的短语 ‎(1)结果；因此as a consequence＝in consequence ‎(2)由于……的缘故as a consequence of＝in consequence of ‎6．写出与range有关的短语 ‎(1)超出某人的范围out of one’s range ‎(2)从A到B变动range from A to B ‎7．写出与glance有关的短语 ‎(1)浏览，扫一眼glance at ‎(2)粗略地看一下……take/give/have a glance at...‎ ‎(3)乍一看；乍看之下at first glance ‎8．写出与average有关的短语 ‎(1)高/低于平均水平above/below (the) average ‎(2)平均；一般地on (the/an) average ‎9．代表或代替某人；为了某人的利益on behalf of sb.＝on sb.’s behalf ‎10．有影响；起(重要)作用make a difference ‎11．写出与put有关的短语 ‎(1)收起来put away ‎(2)记下；镇压put down ‎(3)提出；把……拨快put forward ‎(4)忍受；容忍put up with ‎12．无论如何都不，决不(放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装)under/in no circumstances ‎13．写出与contribution/contribute有关的短语 ‎(1)为(做)某事作出贡献make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.‎ ‎(2)为……作贡献；有助于；促成contribute to Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎14．Standards in health care have improved enormously when compared to 40 years ago.‎ 与40年前相比，医疗保健的水平得到了极大的提高。‎ ‎15．There is no doubt that my brothers can remember hours spent cleaning the house.‎ 毫无疑问，我的兄弟们能记住打扫房间所花的时间。‎ ‎16．As long as you have direct control over your goal，you have a much higher chance of success.‎ 只要你对你的目标有直接的控制，你就有更高的成功概率。‎ ‎17．It was at that moment that I realized this program was so powerful.‎ 就在那一刻，我意识到这个项目是如此的强大。‎ ‎18．Even if we cannot agree，we should maintain our contact.‎ 即使我们不能取得一致，我们也要保持联系。‎ Ⅲ.知识运用于语境(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ Refresh Our Environment As the director stated on behalf of his researching group，the data of this graph makes a clear 19.presentation(present) of the future environmental tendency.On one hand，the quantity of fuel keeps on 20.decreasing(decrease) by 9% per year while the growth of a wide range of pollution has been a global trend.On the other hand，the ‎ mildly but steadily going 21.up of the average temperature is resulting in catastrophes like widespread floods.Without disagreement，they subscribe to the view 22.that it is humans’ existence and their randomly consuming energy that result in this phenomenon.‎ Many people have a commitment that 23.developing(develop) nuclear power or energy from outer space will stop bad consequences coming about.However，scientists and educators 24.are opposed(oppose) to this view even if our needs may be met on the whole.They tend 25.to advocate(advocate) refreshing our circumstances by saving energy and recycling waste.26.It is suggested that we use energysaving appliances such as electrical motors，microwaves and so on and not be 27.casual(casually) about little things like recycling a can.So please glance around and see what you can do.So long 28.as everybody makes a contribution，we will not have to put up with this problem anymore.‎ 核心素养拓展练 素养解读　2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开，讲述了科学家最近的研究发现当植物受到攻击时，它们会释放出化学物质来保护自己并通知周围的植物。此篇旨在培养考生树立生态意识，热爱并尊重自然，学会与自然和谐相处；保护环境，节约资源，采取绿色生活方式；具备可持续发展理念和行动等。‎ 主题：保护环境　学科素养：思维品质 ‎(2017•全国Ⅱ)‎ When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn’t sit quietly.Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.‎ Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening? Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbors react.‎ Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive，the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.‎ In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.‎ Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches，and so，in effect，was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the ‎ cry.So information was exchanged，but it wasn’t a true，intentional back and forth.‎ Charles Darwin，over 150 years ago，imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.There’s a whole lot going on.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物受到袭击时会释放出某种化学物质来保护自己并“告知”附近的植物。‎ ‎1．What does a plant do when it is under attack?‎ A．It makes noises.‎ B．It gets help from other plants.‎ C．It stands quietly.‎ D．It sends out certain chemicals.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.”可知，植物受到伤害时会散发出一种特殊的气味，而这种特殊的气味就是某些化学物质。故选D项。‎ ‎2．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?‎ A．The attackers get attacked.‎ B．The insects gather under the table.‎ C．The plants get ready to fight back.‎ D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.‎ 答案　A 解析　句意理解题。根据第三段中的“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.”(它们散发出气味意在吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌)，以及画线部分后的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”(正在吃午餐的袭击者现在就变成了午餐)可知，画线部分的意思是：袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击。故选A项。‎ ‎3．Scientists find from their studies that plants can .‎ A．predict natural disasters B．protect themselves against insects C．talk to one another intentionally D．help their neighbors when necessary 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”和“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.”可知，植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害。故选B项。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．The world is changing faster than ever.‎ B．People have stronger senses than before.‎ C．The world is more complex than it seems.‎ D．People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，达尔文设想了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界，而我们的感官却非常弱，我们还有很长的路要走。由此可知，世界似乎比它看上去的样子更复杂。故选C项。‎ Notes Ⅰ.高频词汇 ‎1．attack n．& v．进攻；攻击 ‎2．apparently adv.明显地；显而易见地 ‎3．insect n．昆虫 ‎4．overhear vt.偷听；偶然听到 Ⅱ.长难句分析 The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.‎ 分析：but连接两个并列分句。后面的分句中，relatively speaking是插入语，because they heard the alarm and knew what to do是原因状语从句。‎ 翻译：通常对第一株植物的伤害更严重，但是相对来说，邻居们会更安全，因为它们听到了警报并知道做什么。‎ 单元检测卷(四)‎ 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)‎ 第一节　(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ ‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1．What will the man do during the coming holiday?‎ A．Stay with his grandparents.‎ B．Stay at home.‎ C．Do some volunteer work.‎ ‎2．How does the woman feel?‎ A．Nervous. B．Excited. C．Grateful.‎ ‎3．Where does the man like to live most?‎ A．In New York.‎ B．In Paris.‎ C．In Sydney.‎ ‎4．What was the weather like last night?‎ A．Rainy. B．Sunny. C．Windy.‎ ‎5．How much does a ticket cost?‎ A. 7. B. 24. C. 25.‎ 第二节　(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ ‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6．How did the man get the tickets?‎ A．His brother gave them to him.‎ B．He got them by lining up at the ticket office.‎ C．He called the ticket office and booked them.‎ ‎7．With whom will the man go to the concert?‎ A．The woman.‎ B．His brother.‎ C．He will go alone.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。‎ ‎8．Why is Sam back home early today?‎ A．He doesn’t feel very well.‎ B．Allan will help him with his math.‎ C．His teachers will have a meeting.‎ ‎9．What will Sam help his mother do?‎ A．Do the dishes.‎ B．Peel the potatoes.‎ C．Cut the tomatoes.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10．Why are there so many ski shows?‎ A．To promote an extreme sport.‎ B．To attract more visitors.‎ C．To arouse people’s awareness of protecting the environment.‎ ‎11．What is the man’s father?‎ A．A skier.‎ B．A scientist.‎ C．A ski club owner.‎ ‎12．What are the speakers mainly talking about?‎ A．Their hobbies.‎ B．Ski shows.‎ C．The snowmaking industry.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13．Of the things in the woman’s bag，which does she need badly? ‎ A．Money.‎ B．Her visa.‎ C．Her bank cards.‎ ‎14．What did the woman do after losing her bag?‎ A．She phoned the staff in the theatre for help.‎ B．She went to the police station.‎ C．She went back to the theatre.‎ ‎15．What does the man advise the woman to do now?‎ A．Have breakfast.‎ B．Ask the police for help.‎ C．Look for the bag.‎ ‎16．What will the man do next?‎ A．Meet his uncle.‎ B．Put an advertisement in the China Daily.‎ C．Make a phone call to his uncle.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17．What color was the rain boot long ago?‎ A．Dark brown.‎ B．Light blue.‎ C．Black or dull green.‎ ‎18．When did the rain boot become fashionable for the first time?‎ A．In 1817.‎ B．In 1890.‎ C．In 2004.‎ ‎19．Which is NOT mentioned about the things the British upper classes take with them?‎ A．Dogs.‎ B．Waterproof coats.‎ C．Sunglasses.‎ ‎20．How often is that shoe company selling a pair of boots?‎ A．Every 4 seconds.‎ B．Every 15 seconds.‎ C．Every 30 seconds.‎ 答案　1.C　2.B　3.B　4.C　5.A　6.A　7.A　8.C　9．A　10.B　11.B　12.B　13.B　14.B　15.A　16.C　17．C　18.A　19.C　20.A 听力材料 Text 1‎ M：What’s your plan for the coming holiday?‎ W：I’m going to stay with my grandparents for two weeks and then stay at home.What’s your plan?‎ M：I’m going to be a volunteer to help disabled people.Would you like to join us?‎ Text 2‎ W：You know what? I won the gold medal in the women marathon.‎ M：Wow，congratulations! How about having a party to celebrate?‎ Text 3‎ M：I have been to Sydney，San Francisco，Washington and New York，but I prefer to live in Paris.‎ W：Of course.You’ve been here for so many years.‎ Text 4‎ M：It looks like it’s going to be sunny.I can’t believe there was such a heavy wind last night.‎ W：Yes.The wind broke several windows.But they say we’re going to get some rain later.‎ Text 5‎ M：I want three tickets for the movie.Here is 25 dollars.‎ W：Here are your three tickets，and here is the change—four dollars.‎ Text 6‎ M：Hi，I got them，two tickets to Wang Feng’s concert.‎ W：You’re kidding! How did you get them?‎ M：My brother gave them to me.You know，I went out at four in the morning and lined up，but there were already a lot of people there.I couldn’t buy any tickets.However，my brother called and told me he had two extra tickets.‎ W：You were very lucky.‎ M：I know you’re a fan of Wang Feng.If you are free tomorrow，would you like to come with me?‎ W：That would be wonderful! Thank you very much!‎ Text 7‎ M：Mom，I’m back.‎ W：Hi，Sam.You get home from school early today.‎ M：Yeah，our teachers will have a meeting so we all go home early.‎ W：Well，now that you are here，you can help me with dinner.I need those potatoes peeled and cut.‎ M：Mom，give me a break.Allan’s coming over to help me with my math final.‎ W：Well，in that case，you can do the dishes and clean up after dinner.‎ M：OK.Can I invite Allan to stay for dinner?‎ W：Of course.You and Allan have become good friends，haven’t you?‎ M：Thanks，mom.Of course we are best friends now.‎ Text 8‎ W：Hey，look over there.Let’s go and have a look.‎ M：Sure.It’s probably the ski show.There were many ski clubs putting on shows to attract more visitors.‎ W：Look at that.It’s so dangerous！My mum would never allow me to do that.‎ M：It’s an extreme sports show.What else can they do to attract more visitors?‎ W：You are right.By the way，how did they get so much snow here?‎ M：Don’t you know?‎ W：Hey，not everyone is as lucky as you to have a father who is a scientist.‎ M：Sorry.Well，they have a very advanced snowmaking machine.‎ W：Do you think the snowmaking can cause pollution?‎ M：It’s possible.But the boss here says they are doing whatever they can to prevent pollution.‎ W：That’s good.‎ Text 9‎ M：You look a bit worried today.Is there anything wrong?‎ W：Well，yes，there is something wrong，actually.Perhaps you can give me some advice.‎ M：Of course，if I can.‎ W：Well，last night when I returned from the theatre，I found that I’d lost my bag.‎ M：Oh，dear! That’s terrible! What was in your bag?‎ W：Well，some money，of course，my visa，all my bank cards and some photos.‎ M：Well，if I were you，I’d go to the police station straight away and report it.‎ W：Yes，I’ve already done that，and they said they’d look for my bag.But we’re leaving soon and I need my visa badly.‎ M：Oh，dear! What a pity! Are you sure you lost it in the theatre?‎ W：Yes，quite sure.‎ M：I think you should put an advertisement in the China Daily，saying when and where you lost it.‎ W：But that takes too long.‎ M：Wait a minute! My uncle lives very close to the theatre.I’ll telephone him and ask him to go there to inquire about it.You’d better have breakfast now and I’ll meet you later.‎ W：Oh，thank you.I hope he can find it.‎ Text 10‎ Long ago，rain boots usually came in black or dull green.Farmers wore them.But now shops are selling them in every color and with beautiful decorations.That’s because the rain boot has been fashionable since around 2004.‎ But the rain boot has been in fashion forward before.It began in 1817 when the Duke of Wellington started wearing a narrower，simpler boot.Being a famous war hero，men were quick to copy his style and the boot soon became a fashion.It went out of fashion at the end of the 19th century，but farmers，workers，dog walkers carried on wearing them.‎ So why have they become fashionable again？It’s part of the general trend for big boots：biker boots and cowboy boots are popular.But surely it’s a class thing too.The British upper classes like going outdoors—often seen with waterproof coats，dogs and rain boots.‎ One shoe company has reported sales of the boots up 673% this year—they’re selling 15 pairs of boots a minute.However，now everyone has them.They’re not special any more and sales will definitely fall.‎ 第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A ‎(2018•广东湛江调研)‎ If you have the opportunity to visit some places in New Zealand，then the list below is our recommendation.‎ Fiordland National Park This park is part of the South Westland World Heritage area and is New Zealand’s largest national park and one of the largest in the world.The scenery in Fiordland is nothing short of extremely beautiful，with steep mountains，wild waterfalls，and abundant rain forests.Being able to come back and forth in its deep bay attracts most of the visitors.‎ The area has some of the world’s great walks including the world famous Milford Track，which was described as the finest walk in the world in the early twentieth century.‎ Abel Tasman National Park Abel Tasman may be New Zealand’s smallest national park，but the attractions are huge.Located in one of New Zealand’s sunniest spots，the area also has the best ‎ beaches in the country.‎ The popular Abel Tasman Walk is a great way to see this park.It takes 3－5 days to complete.Sea Taxis are also available and can drop you off at any number of beaches within the park.‎ Rotorua Accessible from New Zealand’s biggest city，Auckland，Rotorua is famous for its volcanic activities.Rotorua is also famous for its plentiful lakes which are great for swimming and fishing.The surrounding area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.‎ Rotorua is also the best area in the country to experience and learn about Maori Culture.‎ Mt Cook National Park Mt Cook as well as the surrounding area is an alpine(高山的) park within the World Heritage listed in South Westland.The biggest peaks in all of Australasia are here.The park doesn’t contain many trees or plants due to the altitude.Walks range from a twohour walk to difficult tracks suitable for experienced mountaineers only.‎ A helicopter or plane ride gives visitors excellent views of the mountains with the option of landing at the top of Tasman Glacier，a true permanent snow covered alpine environment.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要是向游客推荐了四个新西兰的著名旅游景点。‎ ‎21．The most impressive experience in Fiordland National Park may be .‎ A．rock climbs B．forest camps C．water jumps D．boat trips 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据Fiordland National Park部分第一段最后一句“Being able to come back and forth in its deep bay attracts most of the visitors.”可推断出，在这个公园乘船游览可能是最令人印象深刻的体验。故选D。‎ ‎22．If you are interested in folk customs，you can go to visit .‎ A．Fiordland National Park B．Rotorua C．Mt Cook National Park D．Abel Tasman National Park 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Rotorua部分第二段可判断出，如果你对民间习俗感兴趣，你可以去Rotorua体验和学习。故选B。‎ ‎23．If you go to visit Mt Cook National Park，you can .‎ A．view some amazing waterfalls B．enjoy some tropical fruits C．stop on the top of Tasman Glacier D．take walks in various bushes 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，游客在那里可以停留在Tasman Glacier的顶部。故选C。‎ ‎24．What do the four attractions have in common?‎ A．Great beaches.　B．Untouched nature.　C．Pleasant climate.　D．Famous walks.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Fiordland National Park部分第二段中的“The area has some of the world’s great walks including the world famous Milford Track ...”，Abel Tasman National Park部分第二段中的“The popular Abel Tasman Walk is a great way to see this park.”， Rotorua部分第一段中的“The surrounding area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.”和Mt Cook National Park部分第一段中的“Walks range from a twohour walk to difficult tracks suitable for experienced mountaineers only.”可判断出，这四个旅游景点的共同之处在于都有很著名的徒步旅行路线。故选D。‎ B We love the sea.We swim into it，live near it，build beside it，and even imagine about living under the sea.But we’re terrified of it，too.For much of our history，we have turned to “hard engineering” to control the marine(海洋) environment and manage its influence on us.We build dams，sea walls and channels.But all these efforts seem to fail.The sea has a habit of taking back its own.And we suffer.‎ Johnston，a marine ecologist，is advocating for “blue engineering”—the marine version of the “green engineering” movement on land that has seen nations like Singapore building the walls and roofs of the concrete jungle with plant life.‎ We are expanding further into the marine environment.This action does harm to marine ecosystems.We’re loving the sea to death，but we’ve not been thinking about the design of structures(建筑物) with respect to ecology.Some coastal structures create shade，which reduces the growth of seaweed.Bright lights at night confuse species such as turtles.That’s why blue engineering comes in.‎ Throughout the world people are starting to turn things around.Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles(瓦片) similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology.These make more attractive homes for marine creatures.Researchers are also actively seeding these tiles with local seaweeds and creatures such as the Sydney rock oyster，which is particularly good at improving water quality.Twelve harbours around the world are taking part in this marine tile experiment，each working with their own unique marine life.‎ It’s far from the days when huge number of old tyres were thrown into the sea to build “artificial reef”(礁石)．Those clumsy early attempts are now costing millions to remove，showing just how far we have yet to go in understanding how best to deal with the underwater world.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了引进“蓝色海洋工程”的原因以及如何实施这一工程。‎ ‎25．What do we know about “hard engineering”？‎ A．It has improved sea environment.‎ B．It can control the influence of sea.‎ C．It has failed to achieve its purpose.‎ D．It makes living under sea impossible.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第一段中的“We build dams，sea walls and channels.But all these efforts seem to fail.The sea has a habit of taking back its own.And we suffer.”可知，“hard engineering”未能达到它的目的。故选C项。‎ ‎26．Which of the following is a form of “blue engineering”？‎ A．Constructing buildings with plant life.‎ B．Expanding into marine environments.‎ C．Creating an artificial reef with old tyres.‎ D．Building structures benefiting sea creatures.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第四段中的“Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles(瓦片) similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology.”可知，建造对海洋生物有益的结构是“蓝色工程”的一种形式。故选D项。‎ ‎27．What is the writer’s feeling towards the present situation of marine environment?‎ A．Relieved. B．Doubtful.‎ C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed.‎ 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。由第四段第一句及最后一段第一句可推知，作者对海洋环境的现状感到宽慰。relieved宽慰的；doubtful不确定的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的。故选A项。‎ C Just a couple of hours ago，I was on the plane，ready to fly home from London.The flight had been delayed by a few hours so it felt good to be so close to takeoff.I had my iPod in place and a new book to read.Then，over the loudspeaker came the pilot’s voice：“The ground crew has found a metal instrument in one tire.We regret that we must cancel this flight.”‎ The passengers’ reactions that announcement led to were interesting.One man close to me began to argue with a flight attendant.A couple in another row complained loudly.A businessman in a black suit actually kicked the seat in front of him.Yet some passengers responded differently.An elderly gentleman smiled as he helped others take their bags down from the overhead compartments(行李厢)．A teenager，rather than trying to rush off the plane like most of the other passengers，stopped to help a woman with a disability.The lady sitting next to me laughed and said，“Hey，it’s not the end of the world，” before she made a call to her kids and shared her adventure with them.The wisest among us have a remarkable ability to maintain grounded when times get tough.‎ No life is perfect；mine certainly isn’t.We all must face challenges，both large and small.You and I have the power to choose to rise above the external circumstances.We always have the choice to be strong and kind when things fall apart.‎ That’s grace under pressure.My seatmate was right—things could have been so much worse.Anyway，I am safe.I have my health.I have two wonderful children.I have work I love and so much to be grateful for.Sure I now have to wait a few hours to catch the next flight home.‎ 语篇解读　作者在本文中讲述了乘务员宣布航班取消时乘客们的不同反应，表达了在应对人生中的挑战和挫折时的正确态度。‎ ‎28．What caused the passengers’ different reactions?‎ A．The loudspeaker. B．The delay of the flight.‎ C．The ground crew’s fault. D．The pilot’s announcement.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The passengers’ reactions that announcement led to were interesting.”可知，是乘务员的通知导致人们的不同反应。故选D。‎ ‎29．Who turned his anger on the seat?‎ A．The teenager helping the disabled.‎ B．The old man taking bags down.‎ C．The man in a dark suit.‎ D．The man close to me.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“A businessman in a black suit actually kicked the seat in front of him.”可知，一个穿黑西服的商人把怒气发泄到座位上。故选C。‎ ‎30．What did the woman sitting next to the author do?‎ A．She assisted a disabled woman.‎ B．She made a phone call to her family.‎ C．She helped others carry their luggage.‎ D．She told moving stories to her children.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The lady sitting next to me laughed and said，‘Hey，it’s not the end of the world，’ before she made a call to her kids and shared her adventure with them.”可知答案。‎ ‎31．What can we learn from the story?‎ A．Our life is full of ups and downs.‎ B．It is natural to be scared under pressure.‎ C．We should help each other in times of difficulty.‎ D．We should be positive and calm when life is hard.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，作者认为，在面对生活中的挫折和困难时，应该保持乐观和冷静的心态。故选D。‎ D ‎(2018•北京)‎ PlasticEating Worms ‎ Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.‎ ‎ ‎ Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax ‎ moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms’ stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.‎ Federica Bertocchini，coauthor of the study，says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carboncarbon bond，is there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”‎ Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?‎ Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子——大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。‎ ‎32．What can we learn about the worms in the study?‎ A．They take plastics as their everyday food.‎ B．They are newly evolved creatures.‎ C．They can consume plastics.‎ D．They wind up in landfills.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“...found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene...”和第二句中的“the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams”可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。‎ ‎33．According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to .‎ A．identify other means of the breakdown B．find out the source of the enzyme C．confirm the research findings D．increase the breakdown speed 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The next step...Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。选项B “查明酶的来源”与此吻合。‎ ‎34．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .‎ A．help to raise worms B．help make plastic bags C．be used to clean the oceans D．be produced in factories in future 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply ‘millions of worms...’”可知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。‎ ‎35．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To explain a study method on worms.‎ B．To introduce the diet of a special worm.‎ C．To present a way to break down plastics.‎ D．To propose new means to keep ecobalance.‎ 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项C与此意吻合。‎ 第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎(2018•河南调研联考)‎ Solar energy，which comes from the sun’s rays，is used for electricity，hot water，and cooking. 36 When traveling a long way and entering the earth’s atmosphere they become dilute(稀薄的)．Though solar energy is known to be environmentally friendly，it has not only some advantages but also some disadvantages.‎ Let’s start with the simple advantage of solar energy. 37 To make electricity or heat with solar energy you only need the sun’s rays and don’t use oil.Solar energy is cheaper compared with electric heating. 38 If you live in a faraway area where there are no power lines，using solar energy can be the answer.‎ Even though all of the above is very useful，solar energy also has some disadvantages.The main disadvantage of solar energy is that it’s dilute.This means you have to have many solar collectors fixed around your house. 39 Another disadvantage is that solar energy can’t be produced in all the places.If you’re living in a part of this beautiful planet where there is not much sunlight then using solar energy could be a problem.Of course if you live in desert areas，the sun produces much sunshine for the most part of the year and it is ideal for solar energy collecting. 40 Therefore if you need electricity or hot water during the night，like many of us do，it can be a problem.You’ll need battery systems that can store solar energy for later use.‎ A．Solar energy is clean.‎ B．The sun has much energy.‎ C．Lastly，the sun only shines during the day.‎ D．The sun’s rays come from the faraway sun.‎ E．That is another big advantage of solar energy.‎ F．Fixing solar energy in your home is a good choice for you.‎ G．Solar energy may be cheap but the solar collectors are expensive.‎ 语篇解读　文章主要讲述了太阳能的优点和缺点。‎ ‎36．答案　D 解析　根据后一句“When traveling a long way and entering the earth’s atmosphere they become dilute(稀薄的)．”可知，此处表达太阳的射线来自很远的地方。‎ ‎37．答案　A 解析　根据本段的主题句可知此段主要讲述了太阳能的优点。根据后文“you only need the sun’s rays and don’t use oil”可知，此处表达太阳能是清洁的。‎ ‎38．答案　E 解析　根据前一句“Solar energy is cheaper compared with electric heating.”可知，此处讲述了太阳能的另一个优点。‎ ‎39．答案　G 解析　根据本段的主题句可知此段主要讲述了太阳能的缺点。再根据前一句“This means you have to have many solar collectors fixed around your house.”可知，此处表达太阳能虽然便宜，但太阳能接收器则很贵。‎ ‎40．答案　C 解析　根据后一句“Therefore if you need electricity or hot water during the night，like many of us do，it can be a problem.”晚上需要热水和电时，就成了问题。所以此处表达太阳只在白天照射。‎ 第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节　(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ While driving around the corner of our townhouse，I always noticed an old man sitting by his front yard.He seemed cold and 41 .One morning，while I was driving past him with my daughter，I decided to 42 him.At the beginning，he looked 43 and looked around—there was 44 there.Then，I saw his hand go up 45 and he waved back shyly.“Why did you wave at him? We don’t 46 him，” my daughter said.‎ I told her that it was just an act of kindness that didn’t 47 anything，and it gave both him and me a sense of 48 .She told me she had thought waving to a stranger was 49 ，but next time she would 50 it.It seemed not bad.‎ Interestingly，we lived close to the old man，so we 51 him rather often.Whenever we drove by，both of us would wave at him and，pretty soon，the old man 52 waving at everyone who passed by his home.‎ One day，my daughter’s friend came to visit and said that she just saw a(n) 53 old man who waved at her in a 54 way.She mentioned that she waved back at him 55 she didn’t know him，and it was really 56 and even made her day.Upon hearing this，my daughter told her the 57 of how all the waving began.Her friend responded，“Tell your mom that’s really 58 ！”‎ Her friend’s response taught my daughter that an act of kindness could be very 59 and effortless if you really wanted to do it.It showed us how giving happiness 60 both the giver and the receiver.‎ 语篇解读　一对母女无意间一个善意的举止——招手，让一个冷漠孤寂的老人变得对人热情起来，并且带动了许多人传递这一善意的举止。‎ ‎41．A.lonely B．funny C．busy D．happy 答案　A 解析　lonely孤独的；funny滑稽的；busy忙碌的；happy快乐的。他看上去既冷漠又孤独。故选A。‎ ‎42．A.smile at B．turn to C．wave at D．look after 答案　C 解析　smile at朝……微笑；turn to转向；wave at向……挥手；look after照顾。根据下文的“Why did you wave at him？”可知，此处应指“向他挥手”。故选C。‎ ‎43．A.surprised B．excited C．worried D．frightened 答案　A 解析　surprised吃惊的；excited兴奋的；worried担心的；frightened害怕的。开始的时候，他看起来很吃惊，环顾四周——那里没有什么人。故选A。‎ ‎44．A.somebody B．nobody C．grass D．snow 答案　B 解析　somebody某人；nobody没有人；grass草；snow雪。句意见上题。故选B。‎ ‎45．A.bravely B．proudly C．secretly D．slowly 答案　D 解析　bravely勇敢地；proudly骄傲地；secretly 秘密地；slowly缓慢地。然后，我看见他缓慢地抬起手，羞涩地挥手回应。故选D。‎ ‎46．A.like B．understand　C．know D．visit 答案　C 解析　like喜欢；understand理解；know 知道，认识；visit拜访。此处是女儿说：我们不认识他。故选C。‎ ‎47．A.cost B．get C．lack D．mean 答案　A 解析　cost损失，花费；get得到；lack缺少；mean意味着。我告诉她那只是一个善意的举动，并不会损失什么，而且能给我和他一种快乐的感觉。故选A。‎ ‎48．A.importance B．humor C．joy D．relief 答案　C 解析　importance重要性；humor幽默；joy快乐；relief宽慰，减缓。句意见 上题。故选C。‎ ‎49．A.interesting B．wonderful C．particular D．embarrassing 答案　D 解析　interesting有趣的；wonderful极好的；particular尤其的；embarrassing尴尬的。她告诉我她以前认为向陌生人挥手是令人尴尬的。故选D。‎ ‎50．A.avoid B．try C．remember D．receive 答案　B 解析　avoid避免；try尝试；remember记得；receive接受。但是下次，她会试试(向陌生人挥手)。故选B。‎ ‎51．A.praised B．called C．helped D．saw 答案　D 解析　praise表扬；call称呼；help帮助；see看到。有意思的是，我们与这位老人住得很近，因此我们能经常看到他。故选D。‎ ‎52．A.started B．suggested C．missed D．forgot 答案　A 解析　start开始；suggest建议；miss思念，错过；forget忘记。不久，这位老人开始向每个经过他家的人挥手。故选A。‎ ‎53．A.rich B．strange C．honest D．clever 答案　B 解析　rich富裕的；strange陌生的；honest诚实的；clever聪明的。一天，我女儿的朋友来玩，说她刚刚看到一位向她友好地挥手的陌生老人。故选B。‎ ‎54．A.special B．normal C．silly D．friendly 答案　D 解析　special专门的；normal正常的；silly无聊的；friendly友好的。此处指“以一种友好的方式向她挥手”。故选D。‎ ‎55．A.in case B．now that C．even though D．as if 答案　C 解析　in case以防；now that既然；even though尽管；as if好像。她说尽管她不认识他，但她还是挥手回应了。故选C。‎ ‎56．A.good B．safe C．necessary D．fair 答案　A 解析　good好的；safe安全的；necessary必要的；fair公平的。此处指女儿的朋友感觉这真的很好，甚至让她很高兴。make one’s day让某人快乐/高兴。故选A。‎ ‎57．A.task B．plan C．joke D．story 答案　D 解析　task任务；plan计划；joke笑话；story故事。我女儿告诉了她这些挥手是如何开始的这个故事。故选D。‎ ‎58．A.different B．cool C．simple D．common 答案　B 解析　different不同的；cool极好的，绝妙的；simple简单的；common普通的。女儿的朋友听完故事后，感觉这样的善意的挥手很棒。故选B。‎ ‎59．A.dangerous B．useful C．natural D．hopeful 答案　C 解析　dangerous危险的；useful有用的；natural自然的；hopeful有希望的。她朋友的回应让我女儿明白，如果你真的想做的话，一个善意之举会是很自然的。故选C。‎ ‎60．A.comforted B．saved　C．controlled D．benefited 答案　D 解析　comfort安慰；save挽救；control控制；benefit使受益。这表明了给予快乐使给予者和接受者都受益。故选D。‎ 第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The term “ecofriendly” is used to describe activities which are good for the environment.There are different ways in 61 activities can be eco or environmentally friendly，from producing products in an environmentally friendly way to 62 (make) lifestyle changes that are designed to benefit the environment.‎ People take part in ecofriendly activities because they are 63 (concern) about the health of the environment.Environmental problems first 64 (cause) public consciousness(意识) in the late 1900s，when people realised that their activities were having 65 bad effect on the environment.Pollution，overuse of 66 (nature) resources，and other activities 67 (consider) to be hurting the environment，so people began to look into more environmentally friendly ways 68 (live) as well as do business.‎ It was the belief that investing in green product development would pay off that made many companies make changes. 69 a result，ecofriendly products can be found in many regions of the world today.These products are 70 (usual) made in factories which are environmentally friendly，such as equipment built from recycled materials which are also good for the environment.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述了由于人们环保意识的增强，一系列有关“环保”的举措及活动应运而生。‎ ‎61．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰ways，且作介词in的宾语，故填which。‎ ‎62．答案　making 解析　考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词to的宾语，且make 所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填making。‎ ‎63．答案　concerned 解析　考查固定搭配。be concerned about意为“关心，挂念”。‎ ‎64．答案　caused 解析　考查时态。由in the late 1900s 可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填caused。‎ ‎65．答案　a 解析　考查固定搭配。have a(n) ...effect on ...意为“对……有……的影响”。‎ ‎66．答案　natural 解析　考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰resources，意为“自然的”，故填natural。‎ ‎67．答案　were considered 解析　考查时态和语态。activities与consider之间是被动关系，且由语境可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填were considered。‎ ‎68．答案　to live 解析　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰ways，way作“方法，途径”讲时后跟带to的不定式作定语，且people与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，live所表示的动作尚未发生，故填to live。‎ ‎69．答案　As 解析　考查固定搭配。as a result意为“结果”。‎ ‎70．答案　usually 解析　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰are made，故填副词usually。‎ 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ ‎ Several days ago，mother brought home little cat.I named her “Mimi”．She is black all over.Can you imagine how she looks like？Every morning she gets up early than anyone else.Then she climbs on my bed and wake me up.When we are having our meal，she is often runs under the table and even climbs onto our knees.She seems to be saying，“Let me join you.I want nothing to eat.” Mimi likes to lie on the sunshine.She feels comfortably that way.She looks lovely when doing that.I like Mimi very much so she brings our joy.‎ 答案　‎ ‎ Several days ago，mother brought home ∧a little cat.I named her “Mimi”．She is black all over.Can you imagine howwhat she looks like？Every morning she gets up earlyearlier than anyone else.Then she climbs on my bed and wakewakes me up.When we are having our meal，she is often runs under the table and even climbs onto our knees.She seems to be saying，“Let me join you.I want nothingsomething to eat.” Mimi likes to lie onin the sunshine.She feels comfortablycomfortable that ‎ way.She looks lovely when doing that.I like Mimi very much sobecause/as she brings ourus joy.‎ 第二节　书面表达(满分25分)‎ 请根据下列内容写一张100词左右的海报。‎ 全球变暖问题越来越引起人们的关注，它所产生的严重后果也逐渐为人所知。为此，你校学生会特意邀请环保专家来校做讲座，专门就全球变暖问题产生的原因、危害，以及中学生应如何应对全球变暖问题等进行论述，并在演讲结束后回答同学们的提问。‎ 时间：12月20日(星期四)，3：00－5：00 p．m.‎ 地点：大礼堂(auditorium)‎ ‎ 参考范文 ‎ POSTER ‎ A lecture on global warming organized by the Students’ Union of our school will be given in the auditorium on Thursday，December 20，from 3：00 to 5：00 p．m.An expert working for the environment will give a lecture on the causes and harmful effects of global warming.Besides，he will tell us middle school students what we can do with the problem.At the end of the speech，we can ask him any question concerning global warming.All the students in our school are welcomed to attend this lecture.‎ The Students’ Union