2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 The Olympic Games

2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 The Olympic Games

2020-2021 年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 The Olympic Games 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 ：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备） 重点单词 1．ancient adj.古代的；古老的 2．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitive adj.有竞争性的→competitor n．竞争者 3．magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的→magic adj.魔术的；不可思议的；n.魔法，魔术 →magician n．魔术师 4．volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵 adj.志愿的；义务的(vt. & vi.)自愿→voluntary adj.自愿的，自发 的 5．regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的→regulation n．规则，制度→regulate v．规定，管制， 整顿 6．basis n. (pl. bases)基础；根据 7．athlete n．运动员；运动选手 8．stadium n. (pl. stadiums or stadia)(露天大型)体育场 9．host vt.做东；主办；招待→hoster n．男主持人，男主人→hostess n．女主人，女主持人 10．responsibility n．责任；职责→responsible adj.有责任的，对……负责的 11．replace vt.取代；替换；代替 12．charge vt. & vi.收费；控诉 n.费用；主管 13．physical adj.物理的；身体的→physics n．物理→physicist n．物理学家→physician n．内科 医生 14．advertise vt. & vi.作广告；登广告→advertisement n．广告→advertiser n．广告客户 15．hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的→hope v. & n．希望→hopeful adj.充满希望的 16．bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n．便宜货 17．deserve vi. & vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得 2. 语法基础知识——定语从句 主题语境：话题——体育运动（人与自我） 语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文，能够以较 丰富的语言写出读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 知识点 1：compete vi. 比赛；竞争 【归纳拓展】 competition n. 竞争 competitor n. 参赛者 重点短语 1．take part in 参加 2．stand for 代表 3．every four years 每四年 4．a set of 一组；一套 5．be admitted to 被准许进入 6．play an important role in 在……中起重要作用 7.as well 也，又，还 8．in charge 主管；看管 9．one after another 陆续地；一个接一个地 10．pick up 拾起 经典句型 （高考书 面表达必 备） 1．I lived in what you call“Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。 2．No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女 也不能参加。 3．There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.国 与国之间争取奥运举办权的竞争，就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。 必备语法 （高级句 型） 定语从句 competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争性的 compete in 参加比赛 compete to do sth. 竞争做某事 compete with/against 与……竞争 compete for 为……而竞争 attend a competition 参加竞赛 【典例 1】 语法填空 1．（2020·江苏高三）Involved in the wonderful world of words, students will increase their vocabulary and boost their reading _______________（compete）. 【答案】competence 【解析】句意：使学生参与精彩的单词世界，学生将增加他们的词汇量和提高阅读能力。阅 读能力是名词短语。故填 competence。 2．（2020·天津南开中学高三月考）______________（compete）for entry to these programs is keen, and applicants need above-average grades to gain ability. A．ambition B．preference C．admission D．competence 【答案】Competition 【解析】句意：参与这些项目的竞争非常激烈，申请人需要高于平均水平的成绩，才能获得 许可。名词作主语。故填 Competition。 3．（2019·江苏高三）______________（compete）in 1891, in what was known as The Gilded Age, the five•story mansion is now owned by a famous actor who decides to stage a special production of Shakespeare's Hamlet. 【答案】Competed 【解析】句意：这座五层楼高的豪宅始建于 1891 年，当时被称为“镀金时代”，现在的主 人是一位著名演员，他决定举行莎士比亚戏剧《哈姆雷特》的特别演出。根据句意这里是被 完成，被建设。因为主语是 the five•story mansion。故填 Competed。 【变式】 单项填空 1．（2019·天津南开中学期中）In the game yesterday, our class ______ against Mark's class and we won. A．had competed B．competed C．has competed D．was competing 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意：在昨天的比赛中，我们班和 Mark 的班级进行比赛并且我们赢得 了比赛。根据 yesterday 和 won 判断，这是描述过去发生的动作，使用一般现在时。故选 B。 2．The young tennis player has often famous players, but so far he has always been beaten. A．competed for B．competed over C．competed with D．competed in 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位年轻的网球运动员经常和著名的运动员比赛，但到 目前为止，他总是输。compete with 与……比赛，也可以用 compete against，故选 C。 3．（2018·江苏期末）By the time she ______in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games, she ______ a junior gymnast for eleven years. A．competed; has been B．competes; has been C．competed; had been D．will compete; will have been 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意：等到她完成纽约友好运动场的体操比赛后，她就已经做了 11 年 的少儿体操运动员了。根据英语语法，by the time （到…时）与完成时态连用。主句 had been 是过去完成时态，所以 by the time 引导的时间状语从句需要用过去式，故选 C。 根据句意填空 (1)Over 1 000 athletes will _______________ the race.将有 1 000 多名运动员参加赛跑。 (2)The two teams _______________ each other ______ the championship. 这两个队竞争冠军。 (3)Several advertising agencies are ________________ the contract. 几家广告公司在竞争这份 合同。 【答案】(1)compete in (2)competed against；for (3)competing to get 用适当的介词填空 ①He's hoping to compete the English contest. ②We can't compete them on price. ③Young children will usually compete their mothers' attention. 【答案】 ①in ②with ③for 知识点 2．admit vt.&vi. (admitted; admitted) 容许；承认；接纳 【归纳拓展】 admit＋n./doing(having done)/that－clause 承认某事/(已经)做了某事 admit sb./sth. to be 承认某人/某物是…… admit sb. to/into...准许某人进入(或加入)…… admit of 容许 It is admitted that... 人们公认…… 【典例 2】 语法填空 1．（2020·江苏高三期末）—Jack has admitted ________（let）out the secret again. —No surprise. However, ________（admit）his problem but never making a change is just like scratching the surface. 【答案】letting; admitting 【解析】句意：——杰克承认又泄露了秘密。——不意外。然而，承认自己的问题却从不改 变，这只是表面现象。根据句意 admit 后接动名词表示承认做过某事；第二空 admitting 是动名词短语作主语。故填 letting; admitting。 2．（2020·陕西西安中学）Let me introduce my cousin to you, who _____（admit） to a famous university last year. 【答案】was admitted 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：让我介绍一下我的堂兄（妹）给你吧，他去年被名牌大学录 取了。因为时间状语是 last year,要用一般过去时,所以这里只能用过去式。另外他（她）是 被录取的，所以用被动语态。故填 was admitted。 【变式】 单项填空 1．（2020·天津高三）---What happened to her? ---She was _____ to hospital with a soaring temperature. A．adapted B．adjusted C．admitted D．adopted 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：---她怎么了?---她因高烧而住院。A. adapted 适应；B. adjusted 调整；C. admitted 准 许……进 入；D. adopted 采纳。sb be admitted to sth“某人被 准许进入某处”。故选 C 项。 2．（2019·天津耀华中学期末）Generally speaking, one’s mistakes in front of other people requires great courage. A．admit B．being admitted C．admitting D．having admitted 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一般而言，在别人面前承认自己的错误需要很大的勇气。 分析句子结构可知，句子后半句中缺少主语，结合句意为一般现在时态的主动语态，故应用 动名词做主语。故选 C。 3．（ 2017·江苏省丹阳高级中学月考）Generally，________ to a university in the USA, foreign students need to prove their strong ability in using English. A．admitting B．admitted C．to be admitted D．being admitted 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：一般地，想要被美国的大学录取，外国学生必 须证明他们在英语运用方面有很强的能力。be admitted to“被……录取”。admit 和句子主语 foreign students 之间是动宾关系，且表示目的，因此应用动词不定式的被动式。故选 C。 根据句意完成句子 (1)You must ______ the task ____________ difficult.你必须承认这项任务是艰巨的。 (2)He ________________ the bicycle. 他承认偷了自行车。 (3)The ticket will ______ three persons ______ the concert.这张票可允许三个人参加音乐会。 (4)__________________ the plan is unreasonable.普遍认为这个计划不合理。 【答案】(1)admit；to be(2)admitted stealing(3)admit；to(4)It’s admitted that 完成句子 ①去年他被北京大学录取。He Beijing University last year. ②我承认对此一无所知。I nothing about it. 【答案】 ①was admitted into ②admit knowing 知识点 3．replace vt. 取代；替换；把……放回原处 【归纳拓展】 replace(＝take the place of) sb./sth. 取代某人/某物 replace sth. with/by sth. 用……替换…… in place of＝in one's place 代替 take one's place＝take the place of 代替 【典例 3】 语法填空 1．（2020·北京）Last month we spent so much to have the roof , for it was broken. 【答案】replaced 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：上个月我们花了很多钱换屋顶，因为它坏了。本句属于 have sth. done 结构，replace 与 roof 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故填 replaced。 2．（2019·福建）In my opinion, although paper books are less popular, there is little chance for them ________（replace） by e-books. 【答案】to be replaced 【解析】句意：在我看来，虽然纸质书不那么受欢迎，但它们被电子书取代的可能性很小。 for them to be replaced 是动词不定式的复合结构。根据“although paper books are less popular”可知，尽管纸质书不那么受欢迎，但它们不太可能被电子书取代，故填 to be replaced。 【变式】 单项填空 1．（2020·山西）He plays a very important part in the team, so nobody can ______ him. A．replace B．reduce C．review D．recognise 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：他在队里起着非常重要的作用，所以没有人能代替他。A. replace 代替，取代；B. reduce 减少；C. review 回顾，复习；D. recognise 认出，识别。根据 very important part 可知是无人取代，故选 A。 2．（2020·四川仁寿一中）Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with online shopping but will never be __________. A．replayed B．repeated C．repaired D．replaced 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就我个人而言，我认为商店购物将与网上购物一起存在， 但永远不会被取代。A. replayed 重放；B. repeated 重复；C. repaired 修理；D. replaced 取代。 根据上文 store shopping will exist along with online shopping 可知“我”认为商店不会被网上 购物所“取代”。故选 D。 完成句子 (1)_________ the book on the shelf. 把书放回书架上。 (2)I __________ the old tyres ______ new ones. 我用新轮胎替换了旧轮胎。 (3)Can anything __________ a mother's love and care? 有什么东西能代替母亲的爱和关心吗？ 【答案】(1)Replace(2)replaced with(3)replace 知识点 4．charge vt. & vi.收费；控诉；充电 n．费用；主管 【归纳拓展】 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 使某人承担……责任；控告 charge sb. money for (doing) sth. 向某人索价；多少钱做什么 charge a battery 给电池充电 free of charge 免费 sb. take charge of sth. (＝be in charge of)某人；负责/管理某事 sth. be in (under) one's charge ＝be in (under) the charge of sb. 某事由某人负责/掌管 be on charge 在充电 【典例 4】 语法填空 1．（2020·江苏高三月考）Far from _______ consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data.） 【答案】charging 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些服务非但没有向消费者收取高昂的费用，反而有许多 是免费的(实际上，用户通过提供更多的数据来付费)。此处 from 为介词，介词+动名词，故 填 charging。 2．（2020·江西）—Hello, may I know how much you charge ________ your services? —Well, the first costs $ 100 while the other two are free. A． B．stand C．hunt D．ask 【答案】for 【解析】句意：——我能知道你们对这些服务收费多少吗？——嗯，第一个是 100 美元，其 他两个是免费的。固定短语 charge…for…“对…收费…”。故填 for。 3．（2020·天水市）The State Sports General Administration is ______ charge of all sports matters. 【答案】in 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：国家体育总局主管一切体育事务。此处是固定短语：in charge of 意为“主管，负责”。故填 in。 【变式】 单项填空 1．（2019·黑龙江牡丹江一中高三月考）The local people are now________ Hong Kong, which was once ________the British for one and half a century. A．in charge of; in charge of B．in the charge of; in the charge of C．in the charge of; in charge of D．in charge of; in the charge of 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语：in charge of 主动，主语往往是人“管理，看管”in the charge of 被动， 主语一般是物“被... 管理，在...管理之下”句意：当地人现在管理香港了，那本来是英国人管 理了一个半世纪。选 D 2．（2019·全国）Do you know who is ________ of the company now？ A．on charge B．on the charge C．in charge D．in the charge 【答案】C 【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：你知道谁现在负责公司的吗？charge 意为“主管，掌管”时常 与介词 in 搭配，从而排除 A 项和 B 项；in charge of 意为“主管，负责管理”，in the charge of 意为“由……掌管”，这里表示主动，故选 C。 【用法指南】 charge 的用法： 1、charge 用作及物动词时，接名词或代词作宾语。作“控告”解时，常用搭配是 charge sb with sth.，表示因某事控诉某人， 如：charge Jack with murder（控诉杰克谋杀）； accuse 也表示控告某人某事，但是与介词 of 连用，如 accuse Jack of murder； 2、charge 用作不及物动词时，常接 for 表示“收……的费”，接 down 表示“冲锋”。 How much do you charge for mending a pair of shoes? 你要多少钱补双鞋？ 3、in charge of 表示“某人负责或照管某人〔物〕”； in the charge of 则表示“某人〔物〕由某人负责或照管”。 根据句意完成句子 (1)How much do you ____________ mending a pair of shoes？你补一双鞋要多少钱？ (2)Will you be __________________ the company when I am away？我不在的时候你负责公司 事务好吗？ (3)The company is _______________________ Tom when the boss is away. 老板不在的时候由 汤姆负责公司业务。 (4)My MP3 can't be used now, for it is ______________.我的 MP3 现在不能用，正在充电。 (5)He __________________ murder.他被指控犯谋杀罪。 【答案】(1)charge for(2)in charge of(3)in the charge of (4)being charged(5)was charged with 知识点 5．bargain vi. 议价；讨价还价；谈判 n. 成交的商品；廉价货 【归纳拓展】 make a bargain with sb. 与某人达成协议 bargain with sb. about sth. 与某人协商某事 strike a bargain with sb. 与某人成交 It's a bargain. 这可是便宜货。 a bargain price (＝a low price) 廉价 【典例 5】 1．Remember that customers don’t _________ prices in that city. A．bargain with B．bargain about C．quarrel about D．argue about 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一定记住在这个城市顾客是不能讲价的。本句中 customers 和 prices 是讲价的关系。A. bargain with 和某人讲价；B. bargain about 就某物讲价；C. quarrel about 吵架；D. argue about 争论某事。bargain about 是就某物讨价还价。故选 B。 2． The market is crowded with people __________. A．trading and bargain B．trade and bargain C．trading and bargaining D．trade and bargaining 【答案】C 【解析】句意：市场上挤满了做买卖讨价还价的人。这里用动词的-ing 形式做定语，表示动 作正在进行中。 故选 C。 3． They sold their house for only 12,000 dollars, so the buyer got a wonderful . A．cost B．bargain C．view D．value 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A.cost 花费 B.bargain 便宜货 C.view 观点 D.value 价值 句意：他 们的房子仅仅卖了￥12，000，买主真的是捡了个大便宜。 考点：考查名词辨析。 【变式】 1.填空 (1)These shoes are ____________________ at such a low price.这些鞋子价格这样低，真是便宜 货。 (2)He ________________________ his wife，“You do the shopping and I will cook.”他和妻子达 成协议：“你去买东西，我做饭。” (3)We ____________ her ______ the price. 我们跟她议价。 【答案】(1)a real bargain(2)made a bargain with(3)bargained with；about 2.完成句子 1.We've made __________he'll do the shopping and I'll cook.我们已经讲好了，他买东 西我做饭。 2.In the market they ________________the price of coffee.在市场上经销商正和种植者就咖啡 的价格进行商谈。 【答案】 1.a bargain that 2. are bargaining with growers over 知识点 6．deserve vi. &vt. 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得 【归纳拓展】 deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意 deserve to do 应该/受…… deserve to be done＝deserve doing sth.应该/值得…… be deserving of 值得…… deserved adj.应得的，该受的，理所当然的 deserving adj.该奖的，值得……的 提示：(1)deserve 不用于进行时态。 (2)deserved adj. 应得的。如：deserved punishment/reward/praise 应得的惩罚报酬/赞美。 (3)deserving adj. 有功的，值得的。如：be deserving of sympathy 值得同情。 【典例 6】 语法填空 1．（2019·陕西西安中学）The book deserves more than once. 【答案】reading/to be read 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书值得多读几遍。当 deserve 后面所接动词具有被动 意义时，也可用动名词，且这个动名词要用主动形式表示被动意义。短语 deserve doing /to be done sth.“值得做……”，故填 reading/to be read。 2．（2020·江苏高三月考）His work has received only a tiny mention in the newspaper; actually he __________（deserve）more attention. 【答案】deserves 【解析】句意：他的作品在报纸上关注度不高；事实上，他应该值得更多的关注啊。根据主 语可知此处用单数 deserves。 3．（江苏南京师大附中）Mr. Smith is an expert in gardening. His suggestion deserves _____ （consider）, doesn’t it? 【答案】consideration 【解析】考查名词。句意：史密斯先生是园艺专家。他的建议值得考虑，不是吗？deserve 后接名词作宾语，故填 consideration。 【变式】 单项填空 1．（2020·盐城市大丰区新丰中学）As a splendid secretary, Mr. Howell always keeps the manager of what’s going on at home and abroad, so he deserves . A．to be informed; to be praised B．informing; praising C．informed; praised D．informed; praising 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名出色的秘书，豪厄尔先生总是让经理了解国内外 的情况，所以他值得被表扬。分析句子可知，the manager 是 inform 的逻辑宾语，inform 和 the manager是动宾关系，所以第一空用过去分词形式informed表被动；deserve doing（=deserve to be done），意为“值得被…”,主动表被动，所以第二空用现在分词形式 praising。故选 D 项。 2.（2019·天津外国语大学附属外国语学校高三期末）The team didn’t deserve ________the game but Lady Luck was on their side. A．winning B．won C．to win D．having won 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：这个队不配赢得这场比赛，但幸运女神站在他们一边。根据 固定短语 deserve to do sth.“配得上，值得……”，故选 C。 3.（2019·江苏月考）The workers believe the assembly hall _____ the curtain need to be changed _____ rebuilding. A．which; deserve B．of which; is deserved C．whose; deserves D．of which; deserves 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句和主动表达被动。句意：工人们认为窗帘需要更换的礼堂应当重建。 根据定语从句中，whose sth=the sth of which/whom=of which/whom the sth（某人/某物的…） 可知，因为 curtain 前面有定冠词 the，故用第一空 of which the sth 的结构；由 believe 判断本 句为一般现在时，deserve 的主语是 the assembly hall，故用 deserves。deserve doing “值得做 某事”主动表达被动。故选 D。 4．（2019·陕西西安中学月考）The book deserves more than once. A．to read B．being read C．be read D．reading 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书值得多读几遍。当 deserve 后面所接动词具有被动 意义时，也可用动名词，且这个动名词要用主动形式表示被动意义。短语 deserve doing sth.“值 得做……”，本句中 deserve 为主动表被动，故选 D。 句型转换 ①He deserved to be locked up forever for what he had done. →He deserved forever for what he had done. ②I work hard and I think I deserve paying well. →I work hard and I think I deserve well. 【答案】 ①locking up ②to be paid 知识点 7．responsibility n．责任；职责；责任心；义务 【归纳拓展】 ①a strong sense of responsibility 强烈的责任感 take responsibility for sth./doing sth.对……负责任 ②responsible adj.有责任，负责 be responsible for 对……负责(担义务) 【典例 7】 单项填空 1．（2020·江苏南京师大附中高三月考）It is time for the West to learn from China's responsible efforts to fake news. A．weed out B．work out C．turn out D．bring out 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在是西方向中国学习的时候了，中国是一个负责任的 国家，致力于消除假新闻。A. weed out 消除；B. work out 锻炼；C. turn out 结果是；D. bring out 呈出(某物)。根据“responsible efforts 和 fake news.”可知， 中国致力于消除假新闻。故 选 A 项。 2. （2019·天津南开中学）You should be _________ for every word you have said in court. A．responsible B．thankful C．known D．confident 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词的辨析。句意：你应该为你在法庭上说的每一个字负责。A. responsible 负责的；B. thankful 感谢的； C. known 已知的； D. confident 自信的。根据常识，在法庭上， 需要对说的话进行负责。故选 A 项。 3．（2020·江苏省天一中学高三）Setting up a good example is a must for parents, which can get their kids to look away from iPad and ________ books instead. A．make allowance for B．make sense of C．take responsibility for D．take pleasure in 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：设立一个好榜样于父母而言是必要的事，这能让他 们的孩子远离平板，反而以书籍为乐。A. 体谅；B. 理解；C.承担责任；D. 以…为乐事。分 析句子所知， and 后面出现了 instead“反而”（表转折），所以 and 前后意义不同；根据句 意，故选 D 项。 4． As a teacher, it is my _________ to make the students devoted to their study. A．responsibility B．affection C．performance D．judgment 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。A.责任 B.感情 C.表现 D.判断。句意：作为一名教师，让学生们 专心于他们的学习是我的责任。故选 A。 【变式】 语法填空 1. （2020·河北衡水中学）It’s not only great responsibility but great honor for a city to be chosen to host the Olympic Games. 【答案】a; a 【解析】考查冠词。句意：对一个城市而言，能被选上举办奥运会，不仅是一份责任也是一 种荣幸。responsibility (责任)是可数名词，句中用的单数形式，所以前面要用不定冠词 a； honor (使感到光荣的事或人，荣幸)是可数名词，前面有 great 修饰，前面要使用不定冠词 a。 2. （2019·江苏金陵中学）"If you find yourself wanting to bury your feelings deep inside you, don't do it. Instead express them in a ________（responsibility）responsible way." This advice encourages us to seek to be understood. 【答案】responsible 【解析】句意：“如果你发现自己想把感情埋在内心深处，千万不要这样做。而是用负责任 的方式来表达。”修饰名词 way 用形容词形式，故填 responsible。 3.It's a great_____ (responsible) and an honour to be chosen to take part in the Olympics. 【答案】 responsibility 考查名词。名词 responsibility 责任，根据前面的冠词 a 可知， 用名词形式。句意：被选中参加奥运会是一项巨大的责任和荣誉。故填 responsibility。 知识点 8．stand for 代表；象征；倡导，支持；容忍，接受 【归纳拓展】 stand for 容许；容忍(多用于否定结构) stand by 袖手旁观；站在……一边，支持 stand out 显眼；引人注目 stand up 起立；站得住脚 【典例 8】 1．（2019·新疆兵团第一师高级中学期末）The Olympic Games ________ friendship as well as outstanding performance. A．stand up B．stand for C．stand out D．stand by 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. stand up 站起来；B. stand for 代表；C. stand out 突出；D. stand by 准备行动。句意：奥运会代表着友谊和卓越的表现。故 B 选项正确。 2． Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and ______ individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. A．stand for B．stand out C．stand up for D．stand by 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词组。A. stand for 代表；B. stand out 突出；C. stand up for 坚决维护，捍 卫；D. stand by 袖手旁观。句意：必须制定标准和规则来维持秩序，确保司法公正和捍卫个 人权利，但不要与学校的政策抵触。C 项符合语境。 3．—What does WTO mean? —The letters WTO ____________ the World Trade Organization. A．stand for B．stands for C．stand out D．stand by 【答案】A 【解析】该句的主语是 The letters，故谓语动词用复数，stand for 代表，符合语境。若主语 是 WTO 时，要看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 4．（2019·江苏月考）A yellow background will make the black characters ________. A．stand up B．stand by C．stand for D．stand out 【答案】D 【解析】句意为：黄色的背景会使黑色的字符显眼。stand up 站起；stand by 支持；stand for 代表；stand out 突出，显眼。根据句意可知选 D。 【变式】 1.用 stand 的相关短语完成句子 ①红花衬着白雪十分醒目。Red flowers against the white snow. ②无论发生什么事，我都支持你。I'll you whatever happens. ③不同的字母代表不同的意义。Different letters different meanings. 【答案】①stand out ②stand by ③stand for 2.写出下列 stand for 的意思。 (1)Pine trees stand for courage and strength._________ (2)We stand for fair competition in the Olympic Games._____________ (3)No one can stand for the way he speaks to his mother.___________ 【答案】(1)代表，象征(2)倡导，支持(3)容忍 知识点 9．as well 也；又；还 【归纳拓展】 as well as 也；和；还；和……一样好(在句中连接并列成分) may/might as well 不妨……；还是……更好(表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议) (1)as well 相当于 too 和 also，用于肯定句中，表示“也，又，而且”，用于句尾。 (2)may/might as well 表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“我们不妨……，我 们还是……吧”。 (3)as well as 用做连词，连接两个相当的成分，如名词、形容词、介词、动词等，通常不位于句首。此时 as well as 强调的重点在前面，不在后面。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致。 (4)as well as 做介词，相当于 besides, in addition to，意为“除……之外”，后接名词、代词、动名词。 (5)as well as 表示比较，意为“和……一样好”。 提示：(1)和 as well as 的用法一样，连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致的词或短语还有：with, along with, together with, but, besides, rather than 等。如： Mr Brown together with his wife and three children has been in China for three years. 布朗先生跟他的妻子和三个孩子已经来中国三年了。 (2)not only...but also...可连接各种结构，包括句子，但强调的重点在后面，连接主语时，谓语动词的数与后 面的主语一致。如： Not only he but also we are fond of the song. 不仅是他，我们也喜欢这首歌。 【典例 9】 单项填空 —Which foreign language can the taxi driver speak? —He knows French, and he knows English ________. A．as well B．or so C．in addition D．above all 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词短语辨析。句意：——那位出租车司机会说哪门外语？——他会说法语， 也会说英语。A. as well 也、还；B. or so 大约；C. in addition 此外；D. above all 首先。根据“He knows French”可知，他不仅会说法语，还会说英语，as well 表示“也、还”，常位于句末作状 语，故 A 项正确。 【变式】 1.完成句子 (1)I'm going to London and my sister's going ____________.我要去伦敦，我的妹妹也要去。 (2)If you're going to the library, I __________________ go with you; I have to return this book. 如果你去图书馆，我不妨和你一起去，我得去还这本书。 (3)He was kind __________________ sensible.他厚道又明白事理。 (4)He __________________ his wife was invited to the party.他和他妻子都被邀请参加那个聚 会了。 (5)__________________ breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.他除了摔断腿之外，还伤到了胳膊。 (6)The daughter cooks __________________ her mother does.女儿烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。 【答案】(1)as well(2)might as well(3)as well as (4)as well as(5)As well as(6)as well as 2.用 as well/also/too/as well as 填空 ①Tom plays the piano ． ②Tom plays the piano. ③Tom plays the piano， ． ④We shall travel by night by day. 【答案】 ①as well ②also ③too ④as well as 知识点 10．take part in 参加，参与 【归纳拓展】 (1)take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但是当part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定 冠词，如 take an active part in 积极参加某项活动。 (2)take part 意为“参加”时，是不及物动词词组，后不跟宾语。 (3)take part in 还可意为“起作用”，相当于 play a part in。 【易混易错】take part in/join in/join/attend take part in 指参加有组织的、严肃的、重大的活动 join in 指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏等，有时可与 take part in 换用 join 指参加团体、党派和组织，成为其中的一个成员，也可用于 join sb.in(doing)sth.(与某人一起做某事) attend 相当于 be present at，意为“出席，参加”。后常跟 meeting，wedding(婚 礼)，lecture(课程)，class，funeral(葬礼)等。不强调参加者在其中的作用 【典例 10】 1． I was ill that day, otherwise I _______the sports meet. A．took part in B．would have taken part in C．had taken part in D．would take part in 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：那天我病了，否则我会参加运动会的。 从句中的，otherwise 判断，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故选 B 项。 2．（2020·石嘴山市第三中学期末）—Alice, you are supposed ______ part in the party in time. —Sorry, but I had an unexpected visitor. A．to take B．to have taken C．to be taking D．taking 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定用法。句意：--你本来应该及时参加这个聚会的。--对不起，我有不速之 客来访。结合语境，此处指“你本来应该及时参加这个聚会的”， be supposed to do“应该做， 理应做…”，由句意可知，“参加”这动作到现在已经完成了，强调“本来应该＂，应用现在完 成时。故正确答案为 B。 3．（2020·新疆期末）Two students in our school will_____ the sports meeting tomorrow. A．take away B．take part in C．take out D．take off 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们学校的两名学生将参加明天的运动会。A. take away 拿走；B. take part in 参加；C. take out 拿出、取出；D. take off 起飞。根据空后 the sports meeting 可知，此处表示“参加运动会”。故选 B。 【变式】 选词并用其适当形式填空(join/join in/take part in/attend) ①All the League members the meeting ， at which ten students the League. ②Nicky Wu the fashion show in Paris. ③Will you all singing the song，please? 【答案】 ①took part in/attended；joined ②attended ③join in 知识点 11. in charge 主管，看管 【归纳拓展】 ①charge n．费用；主管；看管；责任 in charge of 负责；主管(表示主动)；照料 in sb.'s charge＝in the charge of sb.由……主管(含被动意义) take charge of 掌管；控制 free of charge 免费 ②charge vi.& vt.收费，控诉，要价，指控 charge(sb.)for sth.为……(向某人)收费；要价 charge sb.with sth.指控某人某事 【典例 11】 1．（2019·黑龙江牡丹江一中高三月考）The local people are now________ Hong Kong, which was once ________the British for one and half a century. A．in charge of; in charge of B．in the charge of;in the charge of C．in the charge of; in charge of D．in charge of; in the charge of 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语：in charge of 主动，主语往往是人“管理，看管”in the charge of 被动， 主语一般是物“被... 管理，在...管理之下”句意：当地人现在管理香港了，那本来是英国人管 理了一个半世纪。选 D 2．（2019·新疆兵团第一师高级中学期末）He was_____murder. A．charge B．charged with C．charged for D．in charge 【答案】B 【解析】考查 charge 的用法。句意：他被指控谋杀。固定短语：charge sb. with sth“指控某 人做某事，因……而控告某人”，charge for 要价，in charge 负责。故 B 选项正确。 3．（2019·江苏月考）He is old , so his son will _____ the farm. A．take charge of B．in charge of C．charge D．be in the charge of 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他老了，所以他的儿子会接管这个农场。A. take charge of 接管；B. in charge of 管理；C. charge 承担；D. be in the charge of 在…的管理下。根据句 意可知，此处应译为“接管”，虽然 in charge of 也是接管或管理，但是它不能作谓语。故选 A 项。 4．（2019·全国）Do you know who is ________ of the company now？ A．on charge B．on the charge C．in charge D．in the charge 【答案】C 【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：你知道谁现在负责公司的吗？charge 意为“主管，掌管”时常 与介词 in 搭配，从而排除 A 项和 B 项；in charge of 意为“主管，负责管理”，in the charge of 意为“由……掌管”，这里表示主动，故选 C。 charge 的用法： 1、charge 用作及物动词时，接名词或代词作宾语。作“控告”解时，常用搭配是 charge sb with sth.，表示因某事控诉某人， 如：charge Jack with murder（控诉杰克谋杀）； accuse 也表示控告某人某事，但是与介词 of 连用，如 accuse Jack of murder； 2、charge 用作不及物动词时，常接 for 表示“收……的费”，接 down 表示“冲锋”。 How much do you charge for mending a pair of shoes? 你要多少钱补双鞋？ 3、in charge of 表示“某人负责或照管某人〔物〕”； in the charge of 则表示“某人〔物〕由某人负责或照管”。 【变式】 1.句型转换 An experienced engineer is in charge of this project. →This project is an experienced engineer. 【答案】in the charge of 2.完成句子 ②他们的服务概不收费。They do not their services. ③我会将孩子们委托你照顾。I will put the children ． 【答案】②charge at all for ③in your charge 知识点 12．pick up 拾起，捡起 【归纳拓展】 pick up 还有“(偶然地)学到；用车接某人；收听；恢复，振作”等意思。 pick out 挑出，辨别出 【典例 12】 1．（2020·天津一中月考）Susan went over to her parents’ house to ______ some clean clothes. A．pick up B．put up C．cheer up D．look up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：苏珊到她父母家去收拾一些干净衣服。A. pick up 收拾，捡起，获得，学会；B. put up 提供，举起，建造，提高，张贴；C. cheer up 使振奋， 使高兴；D. look up 查阅，仰望，向上看，尊敬，拜访。根据 some clean clothes 可知此处意 为收拾衣服。故选 A 项。 2．（2019·天津市四合庄中学月考）Mr. Green ___ some ideas for cooking noodles during his six-month stay in China. A．took up B．turned up C．picked up D．made up 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：待在中国的六个月期间，格林先生想到一些做面条的主 意。A. took up 占据，从事；B. turned up 出现，调大；C. picked up(不费力气地)学会；D. made up 编造，构成。故选 C。 3．（2020·天津静海一中期末）An enormous wave covered our boat and Bill fell into the sea. Fortunately, he was ______ by a boat passing by. A．taken up B．picked up C．made up D．turned up 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个巨浪淹没了我们的船，比尔掉进了海里。幸运的是， 他被一艘路过的船救起了。A. taken up 占用，开始从事，接受（提议）；B. picked up 拿起， 提起，拾起，捡起，接载，学会；C. made up 组成，化妆，补足，编造；D. turned up 出现， 找到。结合句意，故选 B。 【变式】 1.完成句子 (1)The Germans ____________ the Amber Room and moved it away.德国人把琥珀屋拆开移走 了。 (2)John enjoys __________________ to see how they work.约翰喜欢拆卸东西，以研究它们的 工作原理。 【答案】(1)took apart(2)taking things apart 2.请写出下列各句中 pick up 的含义 ①I'll pick you up at your place at eight o'clock. ②She soon picked up German when she went to live in Germany. ③They can pick up the programme clearly on the hill. ④This medicine will help to pick up your health. 【答案】①(用车)接某人 ②(偶然地)学会、获得 ③收听，接收 ④恢复，好转 知识点 13．one after another 一个接一个地；陆续地(强调连续性) 【归纳拓展】 one by one 一个一个地(强调一次一个) one another/each other 相互；彼此 one after the other 一个接一个地(两者) 【典例 13】 单项填空 Happily, the victories of our team came from the Asian Games in Guangzhou __________. A．one by one B．one after another C．little by little D．one another 【答案】B 【解析】考查词组：A. one by one 一个接一个，强调次序。B. one after another 强调一个接一 个接连不断， C. little by little 一点一点的，D. one another 彼此，句意：令人高兴的是，我 们对在广州亚运会胜利的消息一个接一个的到来。选 B。 点评：one after another 和 one by one 都有“一个接一个的”意思，但强调的点不一样，one after another 强调一个接一个接连不断， one by one 强调次序。做题时要注意区分。 【变式】完成句子 ①他开始一个接一个地把瓶子打开。He begins opening bottles， ． ② 请把这些句子一个个地好好背一背。Please recite these sentences carefully ． 【答案】 ①one after another ②one by one 【考点精讲】 考点 1 what 引导的宾语从句，做介词 in 的宾语 【教材原句】I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。 【句法分析】(1)what you call“Ancient Greece”是由 what 引导的宾语从句，做介词 in 的宾语， 同时 what 在宾语从句中做 call 的间接宾语。what 可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从 句及同位语从句等名词性从句，它的含义也比较广泛，可以指事、物、时间、地点、言语、 情况等。 (2)used to 意为“过去常常”，后接动词原形，其否定和疑问形式，可以使用 used，也可以借 助助动词 did。 Your father used to drink a lot, didn't he/usedn't he? 你父亲曾喝酒很厉害，对不对？ He didn't use/usedn't to drive to work. 他过去不曾开车上班。 拓展： ①used to do 表示过去经常做某事，也可以表示过去的状态。 be used to doing 意为“习惯于”，be 也可换成 get 或 become。 be used to do 意为“被用于做……”，是被动语态。 It used to be a very quiet town. 它过去曾是个非常安静的城镇。 The man got used to living in the countryside. 那个男人已习惯于住在农村。 Wood can be used to make paper.木头可用于造纸。 ②used to 表示过去持续的状态或情况，客观地陈述过去的规则行为，现在已不存在此动作， 不与表一段时间的状语连用；would 表过去不大规则的行为动作，现在可能仍存在，常与 often, sometimes, frequently, for hours 等连用，但不与表示状态的动词连用。如： There used to be an old temple on the hill. 从前山上有座古庙。 She would sit there for hours doing nothing at all. 她总是一连几个小时坐在那儿，什么也不做。 【例句研读】 ①The boss seems not satisfied with what we have done. 老板似乎对我们所做的事不满意。 ②We waited what seemed two hours. 我们等了大约两个小时。 ③Who invented what is called “wheel”？ 谁发明了叫做“轮子”的东西？ 【考点聚焦】what 引导的宾语从句 【典例 14】 1.（江西高三）I’m curious to know ______ it is ______ has made Anne_____ she is today. A．what; that; what B．what; what; who C．that; what; who D．that; what; who 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我很好奇想知道是什么使 Anne 成为她今天的样子。know 后的宾语从句是 强调句型结构，这里被强调部分是 what，应是 what+it is+that…结构；第三空是 what 引导的 是宾补，what 做表语；强调句型其结构是 It was+被强调部分+ that+其他，判断强调句型的 方法是把 It was that 去掉整个句子不缺成分，是成立的。这里被强调部分是 what，它又是宾 语从句的连词故应放在宾语从句之前。 2.（重庆期中）He said, “What’s the matter?” →He asked . A．what the matter is B．what the matter was C．what is the matter D．what was the matter 【答案】D 【解析】句意：直接引语，他说：“发生什么事了”。间接引语，他问发生了什么事了。间接 引语实际是一个宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句要使用相应的过去时态。宾语从句要使 用陈述语序，选 D。 3．（重庆期中）He said, “What’s the matter?” →He asked . A．what the matter is B．what the matter was C．what is the matter D．what was the matter 【答案】D 【解析】句意：直接引语，他说：“发生什么事了”。间接引语，他问发生了什么事了。间接 引语实际是一个宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句要使用相应的过去时态。宾语从句要使 用陈述语序，选 D。 考点：考查宾语从句 4．（宁夏高三月考）The patient looks much better . -------_____is it that has made him ____he is today ? A． what ; that B． That ; that C．What; which D． What; what 【答案】D 【解析】强调句型的特殊疑问句形式为：特殊疑问词+be +it+ that+其它？故第一空填 what, 第二空做 is 的表语，故填 what ,句意：——病人看起来好起来好多了。——是什么使他成 为今天这个样子 5．（2019·全国高三）You should plan ______ during the walk. A．What are you going to carry B．What you are going to C．What you are going to carry D．What are you going to 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句的语序。句意：你应该计划一下在散步的时候你要带些什么。分析句 子可知，plan 后接 what 引导的宾语从句，所以宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。也就是 What you are going to carry。其中 what 作 carry 的宾语，carry 不可省略。故 C 选项正确。 6．（2019·黑龙江月考）Thinking _________ you know ___________ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake. A．that; what B．that; that C．what; that D．what; what 【答案】A 【解析】句意：想想，你知道你事实上不知道的事是个严重的错。这题考查的是名词性从句， that 引导宾语从句，在从句中不做成分，what 引导宾语从句，what 做 know 的宾语。选 A。 【用法指南】 that 和 what 引导名词性从句的区别：that 引导名词性从句时，不在从句充当任何的句子成分， 也没有意思，只起到引导作用；what 引导名词性从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语， 意思为“什么……的（东西/事情）”。如果把 what 去掉，从句成分和意思都不完整，what 引 导名词性从句不能省略。 【变式】 1.Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue. A．which B． where C．how D． what 【答案】 D 【解析】 考查名词性从句。动词 found 后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填 上代词 what。 2.He finds his daughter is quite different from ______ she was five years ago. A．who B．what C．how D．which 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他发现他女儿跟 5 年前大不一样了。what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中做表 语。 3.When he was there, he ______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A．would B．should C．used to D．might 【答案】A 【解析】强调过去一段时间一直持续的动作用 would。 考点 2 every four years 每四年；每隔三年 【教材原句】－How often do you hold your Games? －Every four years. ——每隔多久举办一次奥运会？ ——每四年。 【句法分析】every 与基数词、序数词、other 或 few 连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，意为 “每……；每隔……”，其具体结构为： every＋基数词＋复数名词 every＋序数词＋单数名词 every other＋单数名词 意为“每隔……” every few＋复数名词 意为“每隔……”。 ①every four days 每隔三天 ②every third day 每隔两天 ③every other day 每隔一天 ④every few days 每隔几天(注意 few 前没有 a) 【考点聚焦】every four years 每四年；每隔三年 【典例 15】 The teacher asked his students to leave a space in their exercise books______. A. every a few lines B. each a few lines C. every few lines D. each few lines 【答案】C 【解析】“每/每隔……”短语中只能用 every, 而不用 each；“every few＋名词复数”表示“每 隔几……”，few 前不能加 a。 考点 3 强调句型 【教材原句】. It's in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races，together with swimming，sailing and all the team sports.(P10)跑步、游泳、帆船和所有团队项目是在夏季奥 运会上进行。 【句法分析】It is/was...that...是强调句型，强调 in the Summer Olympics. It is English that Professor Li teaches us.李教授教我们的是英语。 It was in Beijing that we knew each other.我们是在北京认识的。 It is/was...that...是一种强调句型。强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ＋句子的其余部分。被强调部分是人时，可以用 who，也可以用 that，其他情况只能用 that，强调句有一般疑问形式和特殊疑问形式，分别为： Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其余部分？ 特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其余部分？ 【例句研读】 Was it Yao Ming that you met in the street yesterday?你昨天在街上见到的是姚明吗？ Who was it that you met in the street yesterday?你昨天在街上见到的是谁？ 【考点聚焦】考查强调句型 【典例 16】 1．（2020·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学高三月考）Was it in this room _____ he made the decision _____ he would break away from his family? A．that ; which B．where ; which C．that ; that D．where ; that 【答案】C 【解析】考查强调句式和同位语从句。句意：就是在这个房间里，他做出了与家人分离的决 定吗?第一空是强调句式：It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)......。强调地 点状语 in this room，填 that；名词 decision“决定”后面是同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整。 所以由 that 引导。故选 C。 2．（2020·江苏省徐州一中月考）It was not until I was chosen monitor of the class ________ to realize the importance of teamwork. A．did I come B．had I come. C．when I came D．that I came 【答案】D 【解析】考查强调句型。句意：直到被选为班长，我才意识到团队合作的重要性。强调句型： It is/was +强调部分+that (若强调部分指人也可用 who)+其他。根据句意可知选 D。 【点睛】 使用强调句型的几个注意事项 1.被强调成分是主语，who/that 之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。 It is I who am right.It is he who is wrong. It is the students who are lovely. 2.即使被强调成分是句子中的时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等，也不能用 when，where, because，要用 that. It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.是因为大雨他迟到了。 3.如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class. 4.被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格，是作宾语的代词，用宾格。It was he that helped me yesterday. It was me that he helped yesterday. 5.被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用 that 不用 who。lt was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about. 6.It is/was+not until---+that+其他。 温馨提示 It was three years ago that he went to American for a further study 去掉 It was that 句子为 Three years ago he went to America for a further study.句子通顺，意思完整，那么，这就是一个强调 句型。 3．（2020·黑龙江省黑龙江实验中学高三开学考试）Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century __________ his musical gift was fully recognized. A．when B．which C．that D．how 【答案】C 【解析】考查强调句。句意：巴赫于 1750 年去世，然而直到 19 世纪早期他的音乐才能才得 到完全认可。but 前后是两个分句，所以我们只需要考虑 but 后句子即可。去掉 it was 与空 格，his musical gift was not fully recognized until the early 19th century 是一个完整的句子。所 以这是一个由 not until 引导的强调句，强调了时间状语。Not until 引导的强调句的句型为： It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分，故选 C。 【变式】 1.句型转换 对划线部分进行强调，把句子变为强调句。 1．My mother met Tom in the street yesterday. 2．It didn’t stop raining until midnight. 3．John gave Mary a handbag at Christmas. 4．Jane has been living in London since she left China. 5．Only in this way can you finish the work in time. 6．What the professor said had a great effect on us. 7．Mary met a Canadian in the park last Sunday. 8．The football match had to be put off because of the bad weather. 【答案】 1．It was in the street that my mother met Tom yesterday. 2．It was not until midnight that it stopped raining. 3．It was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas. 4．It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China. 5．It is only in this way that you can finish the work in time. 6．It was what the professor said that had a great effect on us. 7．It was last Sunday that Mary met a Canadian in the park. 8．It was because of the bad weather that the football match had to be put off. 2、汉译英 用强调句型翻译句子 1．直到晚上 10 点，他才完成任务。 2．只有当你完成作业后，你才能出去玩耍。 3．我们所深爱的是妈妈。 4．是在车站我见到了他。 5．到底是什么引起了森林大火？ 6．病人需要的是更好的食物和更多的阳光。 7．你是在哪里找到你丢失的那本书的？ 8．是他要去上海出差。 【答案】 1．It was not until 10 p.m. that he finished the task. 2．It is only when you finish your homework that you can go out to play. 3．It’s mum who/that we love deeply. 4．It was at the station that I met him. 5．What was it that caused the forest fire? 6．It is better food and more sunshine that the patient needs. 7．Where was it that you found your lost book? 8．It is he that/who is leaving for Shanghai on business. 考点 4 nor/neither“也不”，置于句首引导分句，句子要用部分倒装 【教材原句】No other countries could join in, nor_could slaves or women！别的国家不能参加， 奴隶和妇女也不能参加。 【句法分析】nor/neither“也不”，置于句首引导分句，句子要用部分倒装。即： “neither/nor＋be(助动词或情态动词)＋主语”，表示前面否定的情况也适合于下文另一人或 物，相当于 either 用于否定句。当两个主语是同一个人或物时，只能用 nor。 (2)“so＋主语＋be(助动词或情态动词)”则表示对前述情况的认同或强调，注意前后是同一主 语，意为“的确”“确实”。 (3)So it is (was) with sb. (sth.)或 It is (was) the same with sb. (sth.)用于前面陈述的是两种以上 的情况或既有肯定也有否定。 ①—He dances well. 他舞跳得好。 —So do you. 你也跳得好。 ②It's a fine day today. 今天是一个好天。 —So it is! 今天确实是一个好天！ ③—He didn't work hard, so he failed the exam.他不努力学习，所以考试失败了。 —So it was with me.我也是。 【例句研读】 ①She isn't a student; neither/nor is he (＝he isn't a student, either). 她不是学生，他也不是。 ②I don't know, nor do I care. (nor 不能用 neither 替换) 我不知道，也不关心。 拓展：(1)“so＋be(助动词或情态动词)＋主语”，表示上文肯定的情况也适合于下文另外一个 人或物。 【考点聚焦】nor/neither“也不”，置于句首引导分句，句子要用部分倒装 【典例 17】 (1) If you don't sign up for the game, ______. A．I don't go, either B．neither will I C．so will I D．nor do I 【答案】B 【解析】if 从句中用现在时代替将来时，但主句中需用将来时态，A、D 时态不对。 (2)You say he works hard. ______ , and ______. A．So he does; so you do B．So he does; so do you C．So does he; so do you D．So does he; so you do 【答案】B 【解析】第一空表示对前述情况的认同“他确实很努力”，用 so he does；第二空表示这一情 况也适合于你，“你也很努力”用 so do you。 考点 5 as. . . as . . . 【教材原句】There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.(P10)国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。 【句法分析】as...as“像……一样”，引导比较状语从句。 as...as 同级比较的形式有： as＋adj./adv.＋as as＋adj.＋可数名词复数形式或不可数名词＋as as＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数形式＋as 注意：(1)同级比较的否定形式为 not so/as...as...。 (2)同级比较可修饰倍数、百分数、分数等。 (3)此结构中第二个 as 可为连词也可为介词，做连词可引导一个比较状语从句，从句常用省 略形式；做介词时，后接名词，也可接数量词表示某性质达到了什么程度。 【例句研读】 ①Asia is about four times as large as Europe. 亚洲大约是欧洲的四倍大。 ②He owed as many thanks to his parents as (he owed) to his teachers. 他同样地感谢他的父母 和老师。 ③We walked as far as the lake last night. 昨晚我们散步远到湖边。 ④He is not so friendly to me as I am to him. 他对我不像我对他那样友好。 ⑤You must give flowers as much water as they need. 你必须给花浇足够多的水。 【典例 18】 1.It's said that the power plant is now large as what it was. A． twice as B． as twice C． twice much D． much twice 【答案】 A 【解析】 考查比较级倍数表达句型。句型为：倍数＋as＋形容词、副词原级＋as＋比 较对象。故选 A。 2.—What do you think of French? —In my opinion, French is ______ English. A．a subject so difficult as B．as difficult a subject as C．as a subject difficult as D．difficult as subject as 【答案】B 【解析】考查 as...as 表示同级比较。其中第一个 as 是副词，后接 adj.＋a＋n.。 3.The farmers wondered if vegetables could bring in ______crops. A．as many as B．as good as C．as much as D．as well as 【答案】C 【解析】此句意为“农民们想知道是否蔬菜能像庄稼一样带来同样多的 money (利润)”，故为 as much as。 考点 6 话题写作——体育运动（人与自我） 【典例 5】 （2020·辽宁高三）假定你是李华，你的城市为迎接 2022 冬奥会开展了“冰雪运动进校园” 的活动，你以电子邮件的形式向你的网友 Jack 介绍活动的情况，并邀请他一起体验。内容 包括： 1. 活动的目的 2. 活动的内容 3. 活动的意义 提示词语：ice and snow sports 冰雪运动 ski resort 滑雪场 ice rink 溜冰场 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jack, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Jack, I’m delighted to tell you that with the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games approaching, our city government has recently launched a series of activities aimed to popularize ice and snow sports on campuses. First of all, campaigns which can arouse students’ interest in ice and snow sports are being held at schools. Besides, skills relevant to ice and snow sports are taught in PE classes. More happily, during the coming winter vacation, students are freely admitted to some ski resorts and outdoor ice rinks, where they can enjoy themselves, practice and improve their skating and skiing skills. Not only will these activities promote ice and snow sports but they can help students to strengthen their bodies. You are sincerely invited to join in and have fun on the ice and snow. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。 第 1 步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，你的城市为迎接 2022 冬奥 会开展了“冰雪运动进校园”的活动，你以电子邮件的形式向你的网友 Jack 介绍活动的情 况，并邀请他一起体验。内容包括：1.活动的目的；2.活动的内容；3.活动的意义。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：delighted to tell you(高兴地告诉你)；with the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games approaching(随着 2022 年北京冬奥会的临近)；launched a series of activities aimed to popularize ice and snow sports on campuses(开展了一系列旨在校园 普及冰雪运动的活动)；practice and improve their skating and skiing skills(练习并提高他们的 滑冰和滑雪技巧)等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】 本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示 了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。I’m delighted to tell you that with the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games approaching,句中使用 that 引导的宾语从句和 with 的独立主格 结构；First of all, campaigns which can arouse students’ interest in ice and snow sports are being held at schools.句中 which 引导非限制性定语从句和现在进行时态的被动语态；Not only will these activities promote ice and snow sports but they can help students to strengthen their bodies. 运用了部分倒装结构。 【变式】 （2020·北京高三）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,为校刊 “英语园地” 写一篇短文,讲述上周你校高三年级举行趣味运动会的过程。 注意：词数不少于 60。 提示词:趣味运动会 fun sports meeting 二人三足 three-legged race _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Last week, our grade held a fun sports meeting aiming to relieve us senior three students from pressure and heavy school work. On Monday morning, we were told that a fun sports meeting would be held on the school playground on Friday afternoon. Upon hearing the news, I, together with my best friend, registered for the three-legged race excitedly. The three-legged race required effective cooperation between teammates. Thus, during the following days, we practised the game after school. Under the guidance of our classmate, we mastered the skills and got prepared. Then came the big day. With my left foot and my friend's right foot tied together, we set out quickly as soon as our PE teacher blew his whistle. Arm in arm, we managed to run fast at the same pace. The playground was filled with our schoolmate’s laughter and cheers. A few minutes later, we crossed the finishing line. We did a really good job and won the first prize. Standing on the platform, we felt proud and excited with the thunderous applause from our classmates. By getting involved in the game, we got not only a little leisure from our busy school life but the joy of working together with others. 本篇书面表达属于图画作文。要求学生一篇短文，讲述上周你校高三年级举行趣味运动会的 过程。 第一步：审题 体裁：记叙文。 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。 结构：总分法。 要求： 1. 讲述上周你校高三年级举行趣味运动会的过程。 2. 词数不少于 60。 第二步：列提纲（重点短语） aiming to；registered for；filled with；felt proud and excited；getting involved in 第三步：连词成句 1.Last week, our grade held a fun sports meeting aiming to relieve us senior three students from pressure and heavy school work. 2. Upon hearing the news, I, together with my best friend, registered for the three-legged race excitedly. 3. The playground was filled with our schoolmate’s laughter and cheers. 4. Standing on the platform, we felt proud and excited with the thunderous applause from our classmates. 5. By getting involved in the game, we got not only a little leisure from our busy school life but the joy of working together with others. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇 1.表示文章结构顺序：活动的时间；活动的地点；活动的内容；活动的意义 2. 表示并列补充关系：Upon ；together with；Thus 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】 范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关 系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如非谓语动词：Standing on the platform, we felt proud and excited with the thunderous applause from our classmates.；Upon hearing the news, I, together with my best friend, registered for the three-legged race excitedly.；宾语从句：On Monday morning, we were told that a fun sports meeting would be held on the schoolplayground on Friday afternoon…等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。