2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案（22页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案（22页word版）

‎ 2019届一轮复习人教版必修五 Unit1Great scientists单元学案 单元基础知识过关复习 核心词汇 ‎1．If we ____________(打败) the Italian team，we’ll be through to the final.‎ ‎2．About two hundred students ____________(参加)the lecture by Professor Smith yesterday.‎ ‎3．Being ____________(暴露)to strong sunlight too much time is bad for your skin.‎ ‎4. Finding a cure for AIDS is one of the greatest ____________(挑战)facing doctors today.‎ ‎5．Two new roads have recently been opened，and several others are still under ____________(建设)．‎ ‎6．I applied for a job as a secretary there，but was ____________(拒绝)．‎ ‎7．His brother is a businessman who has already____________(捐助)500,000 yuan to the earthquakestricken area.‎ ‎8．Cigarettes give off too much poisonous vapour into the air，which ____________(污染)the environment badly.‎ ‎9．No one knows who stole her car，but the police have ____________ her neighbors.At last，the two ____________ were arrested today in connection with the robbery.(suspect)‎ ‎10．用conclude 的适当形式填空 ‎(1)Taking into account of all these factors，we may reach the ____________ that parents are the best teachers of their children.‎ ‎(2)Johnson ____________ from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off. ‎ ‎1.defeat　2.attended　3.exposed　4.challenges　5.construction　6.rejected/refused　7.contributed　8.pollute　9.suspected；suspects　10.(1)conclusion　(2)concluded 高频短语 ‎1．________________　　提出 ‎2．________________ 得出结论 ‎3．________________ 使显露；暴露 ‎4．________________ 将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎5．________________ 除……之外；此外 ‎6．________________ 讲得通；有意义 ‎7．________________ 调查；研究 ‎8．________________ 导致 ‎9．________________ 有时 ‎10．________________ 反对 ‎11．________________ 对……严格的 ‎12．________________ 应受责备 ‎1.put forward　2.draw a ‎ conclusion　3.expose...to　4.link...to...　5.apart from　6.make sense　7.look into　8.lead to　9.at times　10.be against　11.(be) strict with...　12.be to blame 重点句式 ‎1．____________its cause ____________ its cure was understood.‎ 人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎2．So many thousands of terrified people died ____________ there was an outbreak.‎ 每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ ‎3．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she ____________ to her house every day.‎ 有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人用水泵打水运到家里来。‎ ‎4．__________________，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies ____________.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。‎ ‎5．____________you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎1.Neither；nor　2.every time　3.had it delivered　4.To prevent this from happening again；be examined　5.Only if 知识详解 ‎1conclude　vt.& vi.　断定，推断；使结束，终止；达成，缔结 归纳拓展 ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津 P409)He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.‎ 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。‎ ‎②(牛津 P409)He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.‎ 他讲话结束时祝愿大家回家一路平安。‎ ‎③(牛津 P409)I’ve come to the conclusion that he is not the right person for the job.‎ 我断定他不适合做这项工作。‎ ‎1．完成句子 ‎(1)我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。‎ ‎ We will have a further discussion before we ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ 答案：draw a final conclusion ‎(2)总之，我认为将来还有希望。‎ ‎________ ________，I think there is hope for the future.‎ 答案：In conclusion ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎(3)让我用一句谚语结束我的演讲：有志者，事竟成。‎ Let me ________ ________ ________ ________ a saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.‎ 答案：conclude my speech with ‎2defeat(defeated；defeated)　‎ ‎ vt.　打败；战胜；使受挫 ‎ n．　失败 ‎(回归课本P2)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”‎ ‎①(朗文P528)It was a lack of money，not effort，that defeated their plan.‎ 他们的计划失败并非努力不够，而是缺乏资金。‎ ‎②Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.‎ 虽然生活中有许多困难要去克服，但她从不让困难打败自己。‎ ‎③Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.‎ 我们的棒球队再次失败了。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ defeat，beat，win 这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。‎ ‎(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat还可用来指在战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。‎ ‎(2)win后接sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ ‎2．用win；beat；defeat填空：‎ ‎(1)The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty ________the enemy.‎ 答案：defeating ‎(2)He was so nervous that he could feel his heart ________ faster.‎ 答案：beating ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎(3)Who do you think will ________ the beauty contest?‎ 答案：win ‎(4)You ____________ me in the race，but I’ll __________ you at tennis.‎ 答案：beat/defeated；beat/defeat ‎3 expose 　vt.　暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面临 ‎(回归课本P5)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.‎ 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎【高效记忆】‎ 解析：选C。句意：众所周知，一些中东国家的妇女不把脸部露在外面。expose意为“暴露”。‎ 解析：选D。句意：在夏天人们撑伞的原因是暴露在烈日下会对皮肤有害。expose to...使暴露于；be exposed to暴露于，接触，此处作主语，所以要用v.ing形式，故选D。contribute贡献，不合句意。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ 解析：选A。sb. be to blame表示“某人应被责备”。又由Actually知此处应选A项。‎ 解析：选B。此题考查过去分词作状语。句意：因弄坏了学校计算机网络系统而受到谴责，Alice情绪很低落。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ 答案：contributes to 答案：made important contributions to ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎③It is wise to have some money put away for old age.(1996年高考全国卷)存些钱养老是明智的做法。‎ ‎④(2008年高考上海卷)She called this afternoon to put off the meeting to next week.‎ 她下午打电话把会议延期到下周。‎ ‎⑤I can put up with many things，but not with people who steal.‎ 我能容忍很多事情，但绝不容忍小偷小摸的人。‎ 意义 除……之外(还有)‎ 除……之外(别无)‎ 此外，除了 相当于 besides except/but except for 解析：选D。句意：除了繁忙的学校作业外，孩子们还必须在业余时间上艺术、音乐、体育课。apart from 除……之外还。‎ ‎12．(2011年东营模拟)I knew nothing about the accident ________ I read in the newspaper.‎ A．except that B．except for C．apart from D．except what 解析：选D。句意：关于这场事故除了我在报纸上所读到的之外我一无所知。由于空格后句子结构不完整，缺少宾语，故应由what引导，排除A、B、C项。‎ ‎9make sense　　有意义；有道理；讲得通 ‎(回归课本P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it.‎ 无论你怎样读这个句子，它都讲不通。‎ ‎②(2007年高考陕西卷)It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.‎ 在失控前致力解决这个问题，这么做是明智的。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎③There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make ‎ any sense of them at all.‎ 这一段中有那么多生词以致于我根本不理解它们的含义。‎ ‎④(朗文P1855)There is no sense in my painting the door if we’re going to replace it later.‎ 如果我们打算以后把门换掉，那我给它上漆就毫无意义了。‎ ‎⑤In no sense do I agree with this suggestion.‎ 无论如何我都不赞同这个建议。‎ ‎13．(2011年上海交大附中模拟)—________to the sun，the flower will become dry soon.‎ ‎—What you said does make________.‎ A．Exposed；sense　　　　　　‎ B．Exposing；sense C．Exposed；senses ‎ D．Exposing；a sense ‎[即境活用]‎ 解析：选A。句意：——暴露在日光下，这花儿很快就会被晒干。——你说的话的确有道理。第一空expose与flower之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语，第二空make sense为固定用法，表示“有道理，讲得通”。‎ 句型梳理 ‎【教材原句】　So many thousands of terrified people died every time ‎ there was an outbreak.(P2)‎ 每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ ‎【句法分析】　(1)every time引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意思是“每当……”。‎ ‎(2)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：‎ each time，any time，the last time，next time，the first time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。‎ ‎(3)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状语从句。‎ ‎①Every time I call the number，I get a busy signal.‎ 我每次拨打这个号码，电话总是忙音。‎ ‎②Each time they met，they would talk long hours together.‎ 他们每次见面都会谈论很长时间。‎ ‎③The first time he came to the city，he decided to settle here.‎ 他第一次来到这个城市，他就决定在此安家。‎ ‎④The last time I saw Kate，she was doing research on wild animals.我最后一次见到凯特时，她正在研究野生动物。‎ ‎⑤The moment he got out of the airport，the pop star was surrounded by his fans.‎ 这位著名的歌星一出飞机场，就被歌迷围了起来。‎ ‎⑥I left immediately the clock struck 5.‎ 钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。‎ ‎【温馨提示】　(1)for the first ‎ time是介词短语，只可作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎(2)It is the first time that...(如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。)‎ ‎(3)It’s high/about time that...(从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形)‎ ‎⑦It is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.‎ 这是我第一次参观长城。‎ ‎⑧It is high time that we left for Beijing.‎ 到我们出发去北京的时间了。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎14．(2009年高考辽宁卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？‎ A．isn’t he　　　　　　　　B．hasn’t he C．isn’t it D．hasn’t it 解析：选C。句意：这是他第一次去澳大利亚，不是吗？It’s the first time that...是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而定。‎ ‎15．(2009年高考陕西卷)This is the first time we________a film in the cinema together as a family.‎ A．see B．had seen C．saw D．have seen 解析：选D。句意：这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。“This/It is the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”为固定句型，that从句需用现在完成时。‎ ‎16．Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.‎ A．at the time B．each time C．by the time D．sometimes 解析：选B。考查名词词组用作连词引导时间状语从句。句意：不要每次遇到不理解的词就停下来。有类似用法的还有：next time(下次)，last time(上次)，the moment(一……就……)等。而A、D两项不能连接句子，C项意义不对。‎ ‎17．(2011年云南玉溪模拟)________you talk with someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.‎ A．At times B．Some time C．Every time D．The time 解析：选C。句意：每次你与别人交谈或写信息，你都向别人展示你的技能。every time是名词词组用作连词，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎2【教材原句】　Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(P2)‎ 人们既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。‎ ‎【句法分析】　neither...nor...既不……，也不……，连接句中两个相同成分。neither...nor...连接并列主语时，其谓语动词的单复数应与就近的名词或代词保持一致。本句的谓语动词应与its cure保持一致。‎ ‎①Neither my father nor I was there.‎ 我父亲和我都不在那里。‎ ‎②I have neither time nor money for the ball.‎ 我既没时间也没钱参加舞会。‎ ‎③Neither shall I go there，nor do I want to go.‎ 我既不会去那儿，也不想去那儿。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎④She not only speaks but also writes French.‎ 她不但能说法语，而且会写法语。‎ ‎⑤Either my father or my brothers are coming.‎ 我的父亲或者我的兄弟们要来。‎ ‎18．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and________.‎ A．I was neither　　　　　　　‎ B．neither was I C．I was either ‎ D．either was I ‎[即境活用]‎ 解析：选B。句意：Bill对Jason做报告推迟这件事表示不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不(高兴)neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语表示某人/物也不(同意或赞成上文的观点)，易把either看做neither，无either was I句式，故选B。‎ ‎19．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.‎ A．he will either B．neither will he C．he neither will D．either he will 解析：选B。考查固定句型。句意：如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会，他也不参加。“neither＋系动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”表示“‎ 某人/物也不……”。either置于句末，也可表示“也”的意思，但它须与否定句连用。‎ 单元综合知识运用测试 ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 埃隆·马斯克 ‎319‎ ‎7分钟 ‎(2018·武汉市调研)Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of computers, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code (代码) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit.‎ He attended Queen's University in Canada, and transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelor's degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy physics.‎ First Company — Zip2 Corporation In 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first company Zip2 Corporation. ‎ It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers. In 1999, Musk got DS| 22 million from the sale of Zip2.‎ Online Banking In 1999, Elon Musk started X．com with DS| 10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. X．com was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a receiver's email address.‎ PayPal In 2000, X．com bought a company called Confinity, which had started an Internet moneytransfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on becoming a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought PayPal for DS| 1.5 billion.‎ Space Exploration Technologies In 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a longstanding member of the Mars Society, a nonprofit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk's project.‎ Tesla Motors In 2004, Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The company has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster.‎ SolarCity In 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic (光电的) products and services company with his cousin Lyndon Rive.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了埃隆·‎ 马斯克的人生经历和伟大成就。‎ ‎1．What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young?‎ A．Economics.　　　　　　 B．Physics.‎ C．Energy. D．Coding.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“A crazy fan of computers, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code (代码) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit.”可知，埃隆·马斯克是一位疯狂的电脑迷，十二岁时他就为自己的视频游戏写代码并获利了；据此可知，他小时候就有写代码的天赋，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．Which of the following provides international payment transfer service?‎ A．X.com. B．Confinity.‎ C．PayPal. D．eBay.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据“PayPal”部分，尤其是该部分的第二句“Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on becoming a global payment transfer provider.”可知，PayPal提供国际转账支付服务，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musk's project?‎ A．Sponsoring the Mars Society.‎ B．Developing rocket technologies.‎ C．Building a greenhouse on Mars.‎ D．Supporting the exploration of Mars.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据“Space Exploration Technologies”部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk's project.”可知，SpaceX一直在研究开发火箭技术，帮助埃隆·马斯克实现他的项目(目标)，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．What is Tesla Motors noted for?‎ A．Its electric vehicles.‎ B．Its photovoltaic products.‎ C．Its service as a city tourist guide.‎ D．Its business with other companies.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据“Tesla Motors”部分，尤其是该部分的第二句“Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles.”可知Tesla Motors是生产电动汽车的公司，故A项正确。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 发明大王爱迪生 ‎274‎ ‎6分钟 ‎(2018·福州市高中毕业班综合质量检测)One day Thomas Alva Edison was given a letter by his teacher. His teacher asked him to give it to his mother. Edison thought it was something nice. After he returned home, he proudly gave it to his mother, saying “My teacher let me give this letter to you.”‎ Not knowing what it was, Edison's mother opened it, and then her eyes opened wide. With tears in her eyes, she looked at her son and read out the letter aloud, “Your child is a genius. This school is too small for him and doesn't have enough good teachers to train him. Please teach him yourself.”‎ The fact was that Edison liked asking strange questions in class. His teachers thought he was mentally ill. They could no longer stand him and decided to stop him from going to school. However, Edison's mother didn't give up on her son. She taught him at home.‎ Many years after Edison's mother died and he was already one of the ‎ greatest inventors, one day he was looking through the old family things. Suddenly he saw a piece of folded paper in the corner of a drawer. He took it and opened it up. It read, “Your son is addled (mentally ill). We won't let him come to school anymore.”‎ Edison cried for hours and then he wrote in his diary, “Thomas Alva Edison was an addled child, but, by his hero mother, he becomes the genius of the century.”‎ Having faith in those we love is very important. We should have faith in those around us. Even if others have given up on you, you should have faith in yourself.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。爱迪生小时候被学校开除，但他妈妈没有责备他，而是用善意的谎言鼓励他，并让他在家接受教育，最终，爱迪生成为一名伟大的发明家。‎ ‎5．How did Edison's mother probably feel when reading the letter?‎ A．Relaxed.　　　　　　　 B．Sad.‎ C．Proud. D．Calm.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“... and then her eyes opened wide. With tears in her eyes, she looked at her son and read out the letter aloud ...”及下文内容可知，爱迪生的妈妈读那封信时应该很难过。‎ ‎6．In the teachers' opinion, Edison________.‎ A．wasn't hard to train B．was really a genius C．was too clever to teach D．wasn't a normal child 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The fact was that Edison liked asking strange questions in class. His teachers thought he ‎ was mentally ill.”可知，爱迪生的老师们认为他精神不正常。‎ ‎7．What did Edison's mother do after knowing the teachers' decision?‎ A．She asked him to invent things.‎ B．She sent him to another school.‎ C．She let him get educated at home.‎ D．She asked him to study by himself.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, Edison's mother didn't give up on her son. She taught him at home.”可知，爱迪生的妈妈并没有放弃他，而是让他在家接受教育。‎ ‎8．The passage is meant to show that ________.‎ A．teachers should love their students B．parents know their children the best C．we should have faith in others and ourselves D．most children can be geniuses if encouraged 解析：选C　主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其是最后一段可知，本文是想告诉我们：要对别人及自己有信心。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·兰州模拟)What makes people successful? Take a look around and talk to your friends and seniors who are very successful, you will see all of them have adopted certain values which have proved important for their success.‎ It is evident that successful people take initiative (主动性). When they find something needs to be done, they never hesitate to do it. __1__ They weigh immediately what has to be done and then do it with pleasure, thus strengthening their reputation.‎ Successful people do things with great enthusiasm, especially when ‎ they believe in what they are doing. They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy they get from doing their work. __2__‎ They do not fear failure. Failures and disappointments in life are unavoidable. __3__ Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure. They associate with those they can learn from and enjoy the company of those appreciating their achievement.‎ Having a good IQ often gets a person what he wants but it's really the EQ that keeps him there and helps him enjoy a high reputation. __4__ By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves.‎ ‎__5__ It's better to praise others and win favor with them. So instead of complaining about a situation, successful people always try to solve it.‎ A．Successful people never complain.‎ B．Successful persons don't make excuses.‎ C．They work hard even when no one is watching.‎ D．They believe that responsibility is taken, not given.‎ E．It's failure that teaches us much more than success.‎ F．It's hard to be successful if you don't trust the people around you.‎ G．Successful people are polite to everyone and treat others with respect.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了成功人士所具有的共同特征。‎ ‎1．选D　根据第二段第一句“It is evident that successful people take initiative (主动性)．”可知，成功的人往往积极主动，而不是被动接受任务，所以选D项。‎ ‎2．选C　根据上文中的“They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy they get from doing their work.”‎ 可知，因为成功人士能够从工作中得到满足和乐趣，所以他们会自己努力，不需要别人监督，故选C项。‎ ‎3．选E　根据下文中的“Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure.”可知，E项“正是失败教会我们更多，而不是成功”符合语境，故选E项。‎ ‎4．选G　根据下文中的“By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves.”可知，G项“成功人士礼貌待人，尊敬他人”符合语境，故选G项。‎ ‎5．选A　最后一段主要讲的是成功人士不抱怨，总是努力解决问题，故选A项作本段的主题句。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018·青岛市高三统一质检)My name is Li Hua. I was born in Qingdao, Shandong Province on February, 2000. I started the school in 2006 when I was six. I studied happy in Guangming Primary School from 2006 to 2012. After that I went to No. 39 Middle School of Qingdao and graduate last summer. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer. I like English and computer best but I am very good at it. Last year I won the first prize in the school computer compete. In my spare time I enjoy listening popular music and collecting stamp. My favourite sports is swimming in summer and skating in winter.‎ 答案：第二句：on→in 第三句：去掉the 第四句：happy→happily 第五句：graduate→graduated 第七句：but→and; it→them 第八句：compete→competition 第九句：listening后加to; stamp→stamps 第十句：is→are