北京市昌平区2019届高三上学期二模英语试题

北京市昌平区2019届高三上学期二模英语试题

昌平区2019年高三年级第二次统一练习 英语试题 第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，45分)‎ 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ A I love music. When I was 16, I formed my first band called “Frog”. At the beginning, we depended ___1___ playing instruments in the street to earn money. Then we wore false beards pretending to be famous musicians. In addition, we added humorous acts to our performances and played jokes on one another. Soon, our “funny jazz” became famous and we ____2____ (invite) to perform everywhere. Afterwards, we made a record in a studio. About one million ____3____ (copy) were sold and we became rich and popular.‎ ‎【答案】1. on/upon ‎ ‎2. were invited ‎ ‎3. copies ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者从小热爱音乐，并和自己的乐队靠“滑稽爵士乐”出名的经过。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：起初，我们靠在街上演奏乐器赚钱。短语depend on/upon“取决于；依靠”。故填on/upon。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。句意：不久，我们的“滑稽爵士乐”就出名了，我们被邀请到各地演出。本句主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文our “funny jazz” became famous可知应用一般过去时，故填were invited。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查名词的数。句意：大约售出了一百万册，我们变得富有和受欢迎。copy为可数名词，根据上文one million可知应用复数形式，故填copies。‎ B Voyages of people from England played ____4____ important part in spreading the English language. At present, English is frequently spoken as an official or common language in many countries. ____5____（base）on British English, English spoken in these countries can be understood well by native English speakers. But actually, English has been changing ____6____ (gradual) in terms of accents, spellings, expressions and vocabulary usage. Because of these facts, you can recognize the differences and tell from which country a foreigner comes.‎ ‎【答案】4. an 5. Based ‎ ‎6. gradually ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了英国人的航海对英语的传播起了重要作用。‎ ‎4题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：英国人的航海对英语的传播起了重要作用。固定短语play an important part in“起重要作用”，故填an。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：以英式英语为基础，这些国家说的英语可以被以英语为母语的人很好地理解。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故base只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故填过去分词Based。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：但实际上，英语在口音、拼写、表达方式和词汇用法方面都在逐渐发生变化。change为动词需要副词修饰，故填gradually。‎ C Charlie Chaplin was an extraordinary performer ___7___ acted in and directed many outstanding comedies. Few were bored in ___8___ (watch) his moustache, his gestures or his entertaining reactions when chased by detectives. Being drunk, sliding on a banana peel or whispering his own failures to nobody, he made ____9____ (we) feel more satisfied with our life without even having to use one word. His unique sense of humor ____10____ (astonish) people across the world even till this day.‎ ‎【答案】7. who/that ‎ ‎8. watching ‎ ‎9. us 10. has astonished ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一位杰出的演员查理·卓别林，他独特的幽默感直到今天仍然让世界各地的人们感到惊讶。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查定语从句连接词。句意：查理·卓别林是一位杰出的演员，他出演并导演了许多杰出的喜剧。本句为定语从句修饰先行词performer，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：很少有人对他的胡子、他的手势或他被侦探追捕时的有趣反应感到厌烦。in为介词后跟动名词做宾语，故填watching。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查人称代词。句意：他喝醉了，踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了，或者对着别人窃窃私语自己的失败，这些都让我们对自己的生活感到更加满意，甚至不需要用一个词。本空做谓语动词make的宾语，故填人称代词宾格us。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：直到今天，他独特的幽默感仍然让世界各地的人们感到惊讶。根据下文even till this day“直到今天”，可知应用现在完成时，且主语为单数名词，故填has astonished。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句中的关系词选择，可考虑以下几点：‎ ‎1、看清楚先行词的意义，就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等等。‎ ‎2、看清楚关系词的句法功能，就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等等。作定语通常用whose，有时也用which。作状语要用when, where, why。‎ ‎3、看清楚定语从句的种类，就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that、why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。 ‎ ‎4、看清楚文体，就是理清是正式文体，还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。‎ 如第一小题，句意：查理·卓别林是一位杰出的演员，他出演并导演了许多杰出的喜剧。本句为定语从句修饰先行词performer，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ My family lives in Las Vegas, where I can hardly remember the last time it snowed. We also didn’t get the ____11____ of the men who helped us during the last snowstorm.‎ We had been ___12___ through Albuquerque, New Mexico from Texas after a week of visiting family and friends after 15 years of not seeing them. Suddenly, we ______13______ it was snowing, and soon, as we got closer to Albuquerque, ____________14____________ snow piles littered the sides of the road.‎ We had a quick ____15____ at Clines Corners Rest Area, and got back on the road again. Slowly, we drove onto the snow-filled highway. At first, it had seemed like we would ___16___ it, and we almost did. Right at the edge of the highway, we got stuck in the snow. My sister and I got out to try and push the car, but that didn’t work. In the words of my sister, "this is how horror movies _____17_____."‎ Thank goodness it wasn’t so _____18_____ that there were cars on the road. At first, we used our bare hands to try and _____19_____ a car to help us. The driver looked at us and unfortunately continued driving, but I understood. It seemed he was also on a ____20____ with his family. Then, we saw another car and grabbed our phones and ____21____ them with the flashlights on.‎ A man in a truck about the same height as I am _____22_____ in his early 30s, stopped to help us. Despite him not having any____23____, he still tried to help us push our car back onto the road.‎ After several attempts, another truck saw us. It passed us, but someone in it ____24____ the driver to back up and help. Two white men, taller than I, probably also in their 30s, got ____25____and grabbed their shovel（铁锹）. They knew exactly what to do, shoveling the snow, and revealing a pathway of pavement for our tires to drive on. They even instructed my dad to slowly speed up. With their help, our car _____26_____ made it back on the road.‎ I’m really ____27____ to you three who helped my family. ____28____ we didn't get your names, I hope that somehow this piece of writing _____29_____ you, and you understand that you saved my family and two dogs, from a potentially life-threatening ___30___.‎ ‎11. A. jobs B. hobbies C. names D. addresses ‎12. A. driving B. walking C. flying D. running ‎13. A. believed B. noticed C. mentioned D. felt ‎14. A. different B. tidy C. shiny D. huge ‎15. A. move B. look C. try D. stop ‎16. A. catch B. make C. avoid D. challenge ‎17. A. start B. continue C. stay D. spread ‎18. A. fast B. slow C. late D. early ‎19. A. power B. signal C. book D. view ‎20. A. campaign B. trial C. mission D. trip ‎21. A. called B. dropped C. waved D. tested ‎22. A. perhaps B. mostly C. otherwise D. therefore ‎23. A. tools B. sense C. food D. beliefs ‎24. A. inspired B. allowed C. persuaded D. encouraged ‎25. A. in B. on C. up D. out ‎26. A. nearly B. really C. finally D. totally ‎27. A. joyful B. unselfish C. friendly D. grateful ‎28. A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. If ‎29. A. reaches B. entertains C. informs D. changes ‎30. A. mistake B. situation C. warning D. stage ‎【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是作者一家去访友的途中遇到了暴风雪，结果车辆被困雪中，在好心人的帮助下，作者一家终于摆脱困境，成功脱险，作者对善良的陌生人非常感激。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们也不知道在上次暴风雪中帮助我们的人的名字。A. jobs工作；B. hobbies爱好；C. names名字；D. addresses地址。根据前文My family lives in Las Vegas, where I can hardly remember the last time it snowed可知，作者也不记得上次暴风雪中帮助自己的人的名字，故答案为C。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们从德克萨斯州开车穿过新墨西哥州的阿尔伯克基，之前我们拜访了家人和朋友，在过去的15年里，我们没有见过他们。A. driving驾驶；B. walking走路；C. flying飞行；D. running奔跑。根据下文Slowly, we drove onto the snow-filled highway可知，作者一直在开着车，故答案为A。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我们注意到正在下雪，很快，当我们接近阿尔伯克基时，巨大的雪堆散落在路边。A. believed相信；B. noticed注意到；C. mentioned提到；D. felt感觉。根据下文it was snowing可知，突然注意到要下雪了，故答案为B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，我们注意到正在下雪，很快，当我们接近阿尔伯克基时，巨大的雪堆散落在路边。A. different不同的；B. tidy整洁的；C. shiny光滑的；D. huge巨大的。根据下文snow piles littered the sides of the road可知，巨大的雪堆堆积在路边，故答案为D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在克林斯角休息区停了一会儿，又回到了路上。A. move移动；B. look看；C. try尝试；D. stop停止。根据下文at Clines Corners Rest Area，and got back on the road again可知，我们在克林斯角休息区停了一会儿，然后又回到路上，故答案为D。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，我们似乎能做到，而且几乎做到了。A. catch抓住；B. make制造；C. avoid避免；D. challenge挑战。根据下文it, and we almost did可知，他们似乎快要成功地穿过雪区了，短语make it“成功；做到”，故答案为B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用我姐姐的话来说，“恐怖片就是这样开始的。”A. start开始；B. continue继续；C. stay停留；D. spread传播。根据常识及前文this is how horror movies可知，这就像是恐怖电影的开始，故答案为A ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：天还不算晚，路上还有汽车。A. fast快的；B. slow慢的；C. late迟到的；D. early早。根据Thank goodness it wasn't so可知，幸运的是，时间还不是太晚，故答案为C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，我们赤手空拳试图示意一辆汽车来帮助我们。A. power力量；B. signal信号；C. book书；D. view意见。根据下文a car to help us. The driver looked at us and unfortunately continued driving可知，作者发出信号示意车辆停下帮忙，故答案为B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他似乎也在和家人一起旅行。A. campaign竞选；B. trial试验；C. mission任务；D. trip旅程。根据下文with his family可知，似乎他们也是和家人在旅行，故答案为D。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我们看到另一辆车，抓起我们的手机，开着手电筒向他们挥手。A. called称呼；B. dropped下降；C. waved挥动；D. tested测试。根据下文them with the flashlights on可知，车辆打着双闪向他挥手，故答案为C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一名男子开着一辆和我差不多高的卡车，大概30岁出头，停下来帮助我们。A. perhaps也许；B. mostly主要地；C. otherwise否则；D. therefore因此。根据下文 in his early 30s, stopped to help us可知，那个男的大约三十岁出头，故答案为A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管他没有任何工具，他仍然试图帮助我们把车推回到路上。A. tools工具；B. sense感觉；C. food食物；D. beliefs信念。根据下文he still tried to help us push our car back onto the road可知，尽管没有任何的工具，他还是努力帮助作者把车推出来，故答案为A。‎ ‎24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：车从我们身边开过去，但车里有人劝司机倒车帮助。A. inspired鼓舞；B. allowed允许；C. persuaded说服；D. encouraged鼓励。根据下文the driver to back up and help可知，车内的人说服司机退回来帮忙。故选C。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查介词搭配。句意：两个比我高的白人男子，大概也有30多岁，从车里出来，抓起铁锹。A. in在里面；B. on在上面；C. up向上；D. out出去。根据下文and grabbed their shovel（铁锹）可知，他们从车内出来，故答案为D。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在他们的帮助下，我们的汽车终于回到了路上。A. nearly几乎；B. really真地；C. finally终于；D. totally完全地。根据下文made it back on the road可知，最后，在他们的帮助下，作者的车终于又回到了路上，故答案为C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真的很感谢你们三个帮助了我的家庭。A. joyful欢喜的；B. unselfish无私的；C. friendly友好的；D. grateful感激的。根据常识及下文to you three who helped my family可知，作者对那三位好心人非常感激，故答案为D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查连接词辨析。句意：虽然我们没有得到你的名字，但我希望你能读到这篇文章，你知道你救了我的家人和两条狗，使它们脱离了潜在的生命危险。A. Unless除非；B. Although尽管；虽然；C. Since自从；因为；D. If如果。根据下文we didn't get your names， I hope that somehow this piece of writing可知，尽管作者不知道他们的名字，但是希望这篇文章能让他们知道，故答案为B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们没有得到你的名字，但我希望你能读到这篇文章，你知道你救了我的家人和两条狗，使它们脱离了潜在的生命危险。A. reaches伸出；到达；B. entertains招待；C. informs通知；D. changes改变。根据 I hope that somehow this piece of writing可知，但是希望这篇文章能到达他们那里让他们知道，故答案为A。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们没有得到你的名字，但我希望你能读到这篇文章，你知道你救了我的家人和两条狗，使它们脱离了潜在的生命危险。A. mistake错误；B. situation情况；C. warning警告；D. stage舞台。根据前文and you understand that you saved my family and two dogs, from a potentially life-threatening可知，让他知道从一个潜在的威胁生命的情况中救了作者的家人和两条狗，故答案为B。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A I work as the reception manager at my hotel.‎ A booking came in a few weeks ago with a note attached that a guest would be travelling with her deaf father. This note helped us in preparing for their arrival. As they would be here for a number of days his daughter wanted to make his trip to Ireland as smooth as possible.‎ Upon seeing this note and knowing I would be the one to check them in, I decided to learn some very basic sign language. I greeted the guest in my usual fashion, asking for the surname on the booking. Once I heard the name，I immediately realized who was standing in front of me.‎ I had been learning for two weeks how to say: “Welcome to Ireland. My sign language is terrible, but please, if you need anything during your stay, just let me know and we will help you.”‎ I smiled at the father and daughter in front of me. Turning to the father, I greeted him in ASL (American Sign Language) and began the bit I had learned for him. His daughter broke down crying and told me I was sweet. But the father just smiled and was so happy. Honestly, seeing his reaction was enough for me. It was absolutely worth the last few weeks of learning basic ASL.‎ Sadly, I wasn’t working the day they checked out, but they left a gift for me, a small box with some chocolates and a book on ASL. Inside was a note saying: “Thank you very much for what you did. My father has been in amazing spirits from the time you checked us in and insisted we get you a gift before we left. You have no idea how much this meant to my father and me, and we can’t thank you enough. You've made his trip very special with one simple gesture.”‎ I cried for a solid five minutes when I came into work the next day and found this gift in my locker.‎ ‎31. The daughter left a note when booking the hotel in order to __________.‎ A. ask for special service for herself B. give some useful advice to the hotel C. express gratitude to the hotel manager D. make her father’s trip more comfortable ‎32. The daughter cried when they checked in because __________.‎ A. the author’s sign language was really terrible B. her father was unwilling to live in that hotel C. she appreciated what the author had done for her father D. the author wouldn’t be working when they checked out ‎33. Seeing the father’s reaction during check-in, the author probably felt __________.‎ A. thankful B. satisfied C. disappointed D. regretful ‎34. From this passage, we can know that __________.‎ A. the author made the daughter’s check-out smooth B. the author was deeply moved by an unexpected gift C. the daughter cried for five minutes before they left D. the daughter asked the author to learn sign language ‎【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。本文作者回忆了接待一对父女来爱尔兰旅游，帮助他们登记的故事，因为那位父亲是个聋哑人，执着专门学了手势语"欢迎来爱尔兰"，结果那位父亲对于作者的接待很满意，走得时候还送给作者礼物，并给经理写信，希望给作者加薪。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句As they would be here for a number of days, his daughter wanted to make his trip to Ireland as smooth as possible.（由于他们要在这里呆几天，他的女儿想让他的爱尔兰之行尽可能顺利。）可知，女儿在预订旅馆时留下了一张便条，以便让父亲的旅行更舒适。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段His daughter broke down crying and told me I was sweet. But the father just smiled and was so happy.可知当他们登记入住时，女儿哭了，女儿情绪失控的原因是作者的细心体贴感动了她，这让她的爸爸很开心。故选C。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段Honestly, seeing his reaction was enough for me. It was absolutely ‎ worth the last few weeks of learning basic ASL.（老实说，看到他反应就足够了。最后几周的ASL基础学习绝对值得。）可知，看到这位爸爸很开心，作者感到了他的付出是很值得的；因此看到父亲在入住时的反应，作者可能感到很满足。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段I cried for a solid five minutes when I came into work the next day and found this gift in my locker.（第二天上班时，我在储物柜里发现了这件礼物，哭了整整五分钟。）可知，作者受到这份特殊的礼物后很感动；故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。如第二小题，根据第五段His daughter broke down crying and told me I was sweet. But the father just smiled and was so happy.可知当他们登记入住时，女儿哭了，女儿情绪失控的原因是作者的细心体贴感动了她，这让她的爸爸很开心。故选C。‎ B Special Offers for Universal Orlando Resort Vacation Package: Stay More Save More Wake up where the action is and save up to $150 when you stay four nights or longer. With hotel accommodations and admission to all three theme parks included, the longer you stay, the more you save—and get to play.‎ When to purchase: Now-June 14, 2019‎ When to go: Now–July 12, 2019, November 28–December 30, 2019‎ Ticket Offer: Get 2 Days Free When You Buy 2 Days Enjoy an awesome time with four days for the price of two. Explore Universal Studios Florida™ and Universal’s Islands of Adventure™ with a 2-Park ticket. Or, add the thrills and relaxation of Universal’s Volcano Bay™ with a 3-Park ticket. The 3-Park offer applies to Park-to-Park tickets only.‎ The fun is extended! Use by August 5, 2019‎ Price: $214.99 per adult Ticket Offer: Halloween Horror Nights™ Limited Time Ticket Offer Get a 2nd Night Free When You Buy One Night.‎ Experience the World’s Premier Halloween Event twice with this limited time ticket offer. Buy now and come to any two Sunday–Friday event nights if you dare.‎ Online offer only.‎ Price: $300 per night When to purchase: Now–October 15, 2019‎ When to go: November 6–December 1, 2019‎ Ticket Savings: Fit More Rides into One Epic Day Make the most of your day at Universal Studios Florida™ and Universal’s Islands of Adventure™. Skip the regular lines an unlimited number of times at most of your favorite rides and attractions, so you can fit way more fun into your day.‎ Price: $249.99 per adult Click here for more information.‎ ‎35. You can save more money on your hotel stay on __________.‎ A. December 30 B. August 5‎ C. November 6 D. October 15‎ ‎36. If you want to avoid queuing, you should pay __________.‎ A. $150 B. $214.99‎ C. $249.99 D. $300‎ ‎37. This article is most probably found __________.‎ A. in a magazine B. on the Internet C. in a brochure D. on a TV commercial ‎【答案】35. A 36. C 37. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了奥兰多度假村为游客提供的一些特殊的服务，以及对活动内容购票信息等进行了介绍。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章内容，November 28-December 30， 2019．．Ticket Offer： Get 2 Days Free When You Buy 2 Days可知如果买了2天的票则可以得到2天的免费，即你可以在‎12月30日的住宿上节省更多的钱。故选A。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章内容，Skip the regular lines an unlimited number of times at most of your favorite rides and attractions， so you can fit way more fun into your day．Price： ＄249.99 per adult在您最喜欢的游乐设施和景点，您可以无限次地跳过常规线路，这样您就可以在一天中享受更多的乐趣。价格：每位成人249.99美元。可知，如果你想避免排队，你应该付249.99美元。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话：Click here for more information．请点击此处以获得更多信息，由此可知，该文章应该出现在网络上，结合选项，故选B。‎ C There are 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic trash in the world’s oceans, and each year, 8 million tons of plastic are added to the figure. Though the oceans seem vast enough to stomach a lot of plastic, the level of waste is starting to reach a crisis point: According to a new report by the Ocean Conservancy, by 2025, the ocean could contain one ton of plastic for every three tons of fish.‎ All these floating bits of plastic not only disrupt marine ecosystems, but also poison the global supply of seafood. “It’s reaching crisis proportions,” says Andreas Merkl, CEO of the Ocean Conservancy. “Plastic breaks down into small pieces that look like plankton (浮游生物) and is eaten by everything from plankton to whales.”‎ The new report calls for a focus on improving waste management systems in a handful of developing countries that account for the plastic leakage into the ocean. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam contribute more than half of the oceans’ plastic since their waste facilities haven’t kept up with rapid industrialization.‎ How can countries reduce the leakage of waste into the ocean? The Ocean Conservancy report suggests that by providing more waste collection services, closing the leakage points within the collection system, getting rid of waste with effective landfill, and building more recycling facilities, the plastics leakage could be cut by 50% by 2020.‎ It’s not just an environmentalist’s daydream. Coca-Cola and Dow Chemical, along with some other multinational companies, have joined forces with Ocean Conservancy to fight ocean pollution. “We’re committed to working toward a future of a plastic-free ocean. Companies don’t make plastic with the intention of it ending up in the ocean, and we acknowledge the strong role industry must play in order to help eliminate ocean plastic waste by 2035.” Says a Dow Chemical director.‎ ‎“While building landfills and incinerators (焚化炉) across these developing countries might not be pretty, it’s far more environmentally friendly than letting waste slide into the world’s oceans.” Says Andreas Merkl.‎ ‎38. Five developing countries are mostly responsible for plastic leakage because ___.‎ A. there are too many factories in those countries B. they produce the majority of the waste worldwide C. their waste facilities fail to adapt to rapid industrialization D. their citizens don’t make good use of waste management systems ‎39. The underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 5 means .‎ A. end B. increase C. remain D. reduce ‎40. From the last two paragraphs, we can learn that _______.‎ A. many companies have begun to play a role in fighting ocean pollution B. environment-friendly plastics will be invented by multinational factories C. developing countries will be much more beautiful with a plastic-free ocean D. landfills and incinerators have greatly reduced plastic leakage into the ocean ‎41. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.‎ A. suggest countries learn more about oceanic waste B. persuade companies to produce fewer plastic goods C. warn people of the danger of using too many plastic items D. inform people about the serious issue of plastic in the ocean ‎【答案】38. C 39. A 40. A 41. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了海洋保护局的一份新报告，该报告介绍了海洋塑料污染的成因，影响以及解决海洋塑料污染的方法。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话China Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam contribute more than half of the oceans' plastic since their waste facilities haven't kept up with rapid industrialization.（由于中国、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、泰国和越南的垃圾处理设施没有跟上快速工业化的步伐，这些国家贡献了超过一半的海洋塑料。）可知， 中国、印尼、菲律宾、泰国和越南这五个国家对塑料泄漏负有主要责任，因为它们的废物处理设施无法适应快速工业化。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据上文Companies don’t make plastic with the intention of it ending up in the ocean, and we acknowledge the strong role industry must play in order to help可知企业生产塑料并不是为了让塑料最终流入海洋，我们承认，为了在2035年前帮助消除海洋塑料垃圾，行业必须发挥强大的作用。故划线单词eliminate意思应为“消除；终止；结束”，故选A。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。倒数第二段 Coca-Cola and Dow Chemical， along with some other multinational companies， have joined forces with Ocean Conservancy to fight ocean pollution．（可口可乐、陶氏化学以及其他一些跨国公司，已与海洋保护协会联手对抗海洋污染。）可知从最后两段中，我们可以了解到许多公司已经开始在对抗海洋污染方面发挥作用。故选A。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了海洋保护局的一份新报告，该报告介绍了海洋塑料污染的成因，影响以及解决海洋塑料污染的方法，故这份报告旨在海洋塑料污染的严重性。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】在阅读中我们经常会考查猜测词义题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。如第二小题，根据上文Companies don’t make plastic with the intention of it ending up in the ocean, and we acknowledge the strong role industry must play in order to help可知企业生产塑料并不是为了让塑料最终流入海洋，我们承认，为了在2035年前帮助消除海洋塑料垃圾，行业必须发挥强大的作用。故划线单词eliminate意思应为“消除；终止；结束”，故选A。‎ D Because of ageing, the world needs a robotics revolution. “The question for all of us is: how can we use technology to make the quality of life better as people get older?” Says Gill Pratt, a man who had previously run a competition to find artificially intelligent, semi-autonomous robots for the Pentagon.‎ Ageing and robots are more closely related than you might think.‎ Ageing creates demand for automation in two ways. First, to prevent output from falling as more people retire, it is necessary to use machines as a replacement for those who have left the workforce or to enable ageing workers to continue to do physical labor. Second, once people have retired they create markets for new kinds of automation, including robots that help with the medical and other requirements of caring for people who can no longer look after themselves.‎ Automation is not the only way to deal with skills shortages, but it is one of the most important. At the moment, the robotics market is led by industrial machines. As ageing speeds up, service robots, which enable old people to live alone and help reduce loneliness, will be in great need. They will make it easier to look after people in nursing homes and enable older workers who want to stay employed to keep up with the physical demands of labor. Nowadays, therapeutic(治疗的) robots designed for children and patients with dementia (痴呆) and human-like robots that can carry out conversations on a limited range of topics have already been put into use.‎ According to the International Federation of Robotics, about 20,000 robots sold in 2018 could be described as helpful to the ageing. That is less than 5% of industrial robots. The number will undoubtedly grow. The question is how quickly. Mr. Pratt is optimistic. Over the past five years, he argues, there have been huge advances in artificial intelligence, enabling machines to surpass humans in certain kinds of information processing. In other words, robots perform more quickly and reliably than humans. New firms are pouring into the business. A third of robot companies are less than six years old and make service robots. The costs of research and development are coming down and investment is rising. Within a decade, Mr. Pratt supposes, robots at home will help people with simple tasks such as cooking.‎ But for that to happen, robots will have to perform a long list of things they cannot yet do. They cannot navigate reliably around an ordinary home, move their hands skillfully like a human, or conduct open-ended conversations. Although they can provide some physical assistance to the elderly, one robot can do only one thing, so multiple tasks would require your home to be equipped ‎ with many robots. All these suggest that, in terms of solving the problem associated with ageing, robots have a long way to go.‎ ‎42. Demand for automation caused by ageing exists probably because automation __.‎ A. keeps output steady as more people retire B. helps ageing people create more physical labor C. enables ageing people to look after themselves D. creates a market for ageing people’s medical treatment ‎43. According to the second to last paragraph, Mr. Pratt may agree that _____.‎ A. people are unwilling to put more money in industrial robots B. people will rely more on service robots than industrial ones C. robots are better than humans at information processing D. service robots are developing fast in the near future ‎44. From the last paragraph, we can learn that the author believes _______.‎ A. robots’ ability to move around an ordinary home is reliable now B. one robot can already perform a long list of tasks at the same time C. technical problems in robots may limit their wider social acceptance D. the need for physically helpful robots may decrease if ageing speeds up ‎45. It can be learned from the passage that ____.‎ A. the cost of fixing robots is still high nowadays B. robots can help older workers stay employed longer C. service robots are more practical than industrial ones D. human-like robots can conduct open-ended conversations ‎【答案】42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了由于老龄化，世界需要机器人革命。老龄化从两个方面创造了对自动化的需求。自动化不是解决技能短缺的唯一方法，但却是最重要的方法之一。但是机器人仍存许多问题，因此在解决老龄化问题方面，机器人还有很长的路要走。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段First, to prevent output from falling as more people retire, it is necessary to use machines as a replacement for those who have left the workforce or to enable ‎ ageing workers to continue to do physical labor.（首先，为了防止随着越来越多的人退休，产出下降，有必要使用机器来替代那些已经离开劳动力市场的人，或者让上了年纪的工人能够继续从事体力劳动。）可知对老化引起的自动化需求的存在可能是因为随着更多人退休，自动化使产量保持稳定。故选A。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"The question for all of us is: how can we use technology to make the quality of life better as people get older?" Says Gill Pratt, a man who had previously run a competition to find artificially intelligent, semi-autonomous robots for the Pentagon.（"我们所有人面临的问题是：随着人们年龄的增长，我们怎样才能利用技术提高生活质量？"吉尔普拉特说，他此前为五角大楼举办过一场寻找人工智能半自动机器人的竞赛。）可知，普拉特可能会同意服务机器人在不久的将来发展迅速。故选D。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段But for that to happen, robots will have to perform a long list of things they cannot yet do. They cannot navigate reliably around an ordinary home, move their hands skillfully like a human, or conduct open-ended conversations.（但要做到这一点，机器人将不得不执行一系列他们还不能做的事情．他们无法在普通家庭中可靠地导航，像人类一样熟练地移动他们的手，或进行开放式对话。）可知，我们可以了解到，作者认为机器人中的技术问题可能会限制他们更广泛的社会接受度。故选C。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段They will make it easier to look after people in nursing homes and enable older workers who want to stay employed to keep up with the physical demands of labor．（它们将使人们更容易照顾养老院的人，并使希望留在工作岗位的老年工人能够满足劳动力的实际需求。）可知，机器人可以帮助老年工人延长工作时间。故选B。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Overthinking the Small Stuff?‎ How many decisions have you made over the last day, week... month? Drive or Uber? Suit or no suit? Italian or Thai? iPhone or Huawei?‎ While today’s freedom of choice has obvious benefits, the constant pressure to make perfect choices can often rob our freedom, heighten our anxiety and lower our productivity.‎ ‎___46___ For starters, trying to perfect every single decision is a 'mission impossible,' making it pretty in vain. ____47____ And finally, research shows that trying to nail every decision reduces our ability to perform at our best and make great decisions about the things that really matter.‎ The irony is that people who try to make the perfect decision every time tend to suffer more anxiety about their decisions, feel less satisfied with them afterward and, unsurprisingly, are less productive than people who just go with ‘good enough’.‎ ‎“The habit of aiming for the best possible option every time actually robs people of satisfaction and effectiveness,” wrote Barry Schwartz on the Paradox of Choice. _____48_____ However, they're generally less happy about what they eventually decide upon.‎ Better than trying to maximize every choice is to make a ‘good enough’ choice that meets a basic level of satisfaction. So you didn’t get the best possible hotel at the best possible price? Move on. So the shade of yellow you chose to paint the sunroom was a little dark? Again, move on! ___49___‎ ‎___50___ The reason is that they aren’t wasting precious time and energy on decisions that don’t really matter. So as you think about all the decisions you have to make in the day or month ahead, focus your precious time, talents and attention on the things that truly matter.‎ A. There are a few reasons for this.‎ B. But some researchers do not agree with it.‎ C. Secondly, it can be mentally and emotionally exhausting.‎ D. Much more important issues are waiting for your attention.‎ E. Besides that, every decision you make may disappoint you.‎ F. Such ‘maximizers,' as Schwartz calls them, spend more time and energy reaching a decision.‎ G. Schwartz found that 'satisficers' who live by the ‘good enough’ rule actually get more done.‎ ‎【答案】46. A 47. E ‎ ‎48. F 49. D ‎ ‎50. G ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了虽然今天的自由选择有着明显的好处，但做出完美选择的持续压力往往会剥夺我们的自由，加剧我们的焦虑，降低我们的生产力。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 根据上文While today’s freedom of choice has obvious benefits, the constant pressure to make perfect choices can often rob our freedom, heighten our anxiety and lower our productivity.（虽然今天的选择自由有明显的好处，但持续不断的做出完美选择的压力往往会剥夺我们的自由，加剧我们的焦虑，降低我们的效率。）以及下文For starters, trying to perfect every single decision is a 'mission impossible,' making it pretty in vain.（首先，试图完善每一个决定都是一项“不可能完成的任务”，让它变得相当徒劳。）可知是对这种现象的一种解释，说明原因。故A选项There are a few reasons for this．（有几个原因）与上下文语境相吻合，所以答案是A。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据上句For starters, trying to perfect every single decision is a 'mission impossible,' making it pretty in vain.（首先，试图完善每一个决定都是一项“不可能完成的任务”，让它变得相当徒劳。）以及下一句And finally, research shows that trying to nail every decision reduces our ability to perform at our best and make great decisions about the things that really matter.（最后，研究表明，试图确定每一个决定会降低我们在最佳状态下的表现，以及在真正重要的事情上做出重大决定的能力。）可知此处讲的是这几个原因，所以与E项"Besides that， every decision you make may disappoint you．除此之外，你做的每一个决定都可能让你失望。相吻合，所以答案是E。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据上文“The habit of aiming for the best possible option every time actually robs people of satisfaction and effectiveness,” wrote Barry Schwartz on the Paradox of Choice.（巴里•施瓦茨在谈到选择悖论时写道:“每次都追求最佳可能选择的习惯，实际上会让人们失去满足感和效率。”）中Barry Schwartz可对应到F选项中as Schwartz calls them ，表示施瓦茨称之为"最大化者"，他们花费更多的时间和精力做出决定。符合上下文语境，所以答案是F。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据本段第一句Better than trying to maximize every choice is to make a ‘good enough’ choice that meets a basic level of satisfaction.（与其试图最大化每一个选择，不如做出一个“足够好”的选择，满足基本的满意度。）可知与其试图最大化每一个选择，不如做出一个“足够好”的选择，满足基本的满意度。是因为更重要的问题正在等待你的注意。故选D。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据下句The reason is that they aren't wasting precious time and energy on decisions that don't really matter.（原因是他们没有在无关紧要的决定上浪费宝贵的时间和精力。）可知上文是对生活在"足够好"规则下的"满意者"的描述，施瓦茨发现，生活在"足够好"规则下的"满意者"实际上做得更多。故选G。‎ 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，35分)‎ 第一节（15分）‎ ‎51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华, 请给你校外教Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加你校即将举办的校史展。邮件的内容包括：‎ ‎1. 介绍校史展的相关信息（时间、地点和主要内容等）;‎ ‎2. 说明邀请原因；‎ ‎3. 询问对方意向。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 提示词：展览 exhibition Dear Jim,‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ I’m writing to tell you that an exhibition about our school’s history will take place at our school, and I am wondering if you can come and visit it.‎ The exhibition, which will be held on the fourth floor in the main teaching building on May 8th, will cover many aspects of our school, including the big events that have happened in the school’s history, the various awards we have received during these years, and even the great accomplishments of some of our excellent graduates. The exhibition definitely reflects the ‎ development and the achievements of our school, and I believe that after your visit, it will hold a special place in your heart. If you are interested in attending the exhibition, please let me know and I’ll send you more information about it.‎ Hope to meet you then.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一封电子邮件；假设你是红星中学高三学生李华, 请给你校外教Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加你校即将举办的校史展。邮件的内容包括：1. 介绍校史展的相关信息（时间、地点和主要内容等）;2. 说明邀请原因；3. 询问对方意向。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：exhibition（展览）；take place（举行；发生）；wonder（想知道）；aspect（方面）；various（各种各样的）；accomplishment（成就）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如I’m writing to tell you that an exhibition about our school’s history will take place at our school, and I am wondering if you can come and visit it.运用了宾语从句；The exhibition, which will be held on the fourth floor in the main teaching building on May 8th, will cover many aspects of our school, including the big events that have happened in the school’s history, the various awards we have received during these years, and even the great accomplishments of some of our excellent graduates.运用了定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节（20分）‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录上周你们班级参加学校“红五月”合唱比赛的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词： “红五月”歌咏比赛 theRed in May Chorus Contest ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Last week, our class took part in the Red in May Chorus Contest, which definitely brought us a great sense of fulfillment.‎ The other day, a poster on campus about the contest very much attracted our attention. We were very excited about that and decided to participate in it.‎ Immediately, we searched the Internet for a proper song to sing, and finally decided on Defending Yellow River.‎ From then on, every day, we had many rehearsals under the direction of our teacher. Although we were busier and more tired than usual, we still treasured such happy moments together.‎ Last Friday, the final competition took place as planned in the school auditorium. Wearing ‎ choir robes, we sang passionately, which garnered us hearty applause from the audience. Not surprisingly, we got the first place.‎ When interviewed by the school TV station after the awards ceremony, we expressed our excitement and pride, not only for our excellent achievement, but also for our great motherland.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇图画类作文。要求考生根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，记录上周你们班级参加学校“红五月”合唱比赛的全过程。‎ ‎【详解】考生首先要认真看图，明确每幅图的主要内容。第一幅图上是一个关于“红五月”歌唱比赛的海报。第二幅图叙述的是班里同学们讨论练习的过程。第三幅图叙述的比赛的过程。最后一幅图表示的是比赛获奖的场景。在明确了每幅图的内容之后，考生可以先就主要内容列出提纲，然后对提纲进行句式，遣词造句，细节等方面的扩充拓展。‎ ‎【点睛】所给范文条理明确，要点齐全。清楚地叙述了几幅图所表示的内容。长短句灵活使用，自然到位。正确应用了一些高级句式和词汇，例如：定语从句（which definitely brought us a great sense of fulfillment和which garnered us hearty applause from the audience.）；非谓语动词（Wearing choir robes，interviewed by the school TV station after the awards ceremony）等，增加了文章的亮点。‎